]` where the columns are
prioritised, to limit ``data`` to *before* applying the function.
na_rep : str, optional
Representation for missing values.
If ``na_rep`` is None, no special formatting is applied.
.. versionadded:: 1.0.0
precision : int, optional
Floating point precision to use for display purposes, if not determined by
the specified ``formatter``.
.. versionadded:: 1.3.0
decimal : str, default "."
Character used as decimal separator for floats, complex and integers
.. versionadded:: 1.3.0
thousands : str, optional, default None
Character used as thousands separator for floats, complex and integers
.. versionadded:: 1.3.0
escape : str, optional
Use 'html' to replace the characters ``&``, ``<``, ``>``, ``'``, and ``"``
in cell display string with HTML-safe sequences.
Use 'latex' to replace the characters ``&``, ``%``, ``$``, ``#``, ``_``,
``{``, ``}``, ``~``, ``^``, and ``\`` in the cell display string with
LaTeX-safe sequences.
Escaping is done before ``formatter``.
.. versionadded:: 1.3.0
Returns
-------
self : Styler
Notes
-----
This method assigns a formatting function, ``formatter``, to each cell in the
DataFrame. If ``formatter`` is ``None``, then the default formatter is used.
If a callable then that function should take a data value as input and return
a displayable representation, such as a string. If ``formatter`` is
given as a string this is assumed to be a valid Python format specification
and is wrapped to a callable as ``string.format(x)``. If a ``dict`` is given,
keys should correspond to column names, and values should be string or
callable, as above.
The default formatter currently expresses floats and complex numbers with the
pandas display precision unless using the ``precision`` argument here. The
default formatter does not adjust the representation of missing values unless
the ``na_rep`` argument is used.
The ``subset`` argument defines which region to apply the formatting function
to. If the ``formatter`` argument is given in dict form but does not include
all columns within the subset then these columns will have the default formatter
applied. Any columns in the formatter dict excluded from the subset will
raise a ``KeyError``.
When using a ``formatter`` string the dtypes must be compatible, otherwise a
`ValueError` will be raised.
Examples
--------
Using ``na_rep`` and ``precision`` with the default ``formatter``
>>> df = pd.DataFrame([[np.nan, 1.0, 'A'], [2.0, np.nan, 3.0]])
>>> df.style.format(na_rep='MISS', precision=3)
0 1 2
0 MISS 1.000 A
1 2.000 MISS 3.000
Using a ``formatter`` specification on consistent column dtypes
>>> df.style.format('{:.2f}', na_rep='MISS', subset=[0,1])
0 1 2
0 MISS 1.00 A
1 2.00 MISS 3.000000
Using the default ``formatter`` for unspecified columns
>>> df.style.format({0: '{:.2f}', 1: '£ {:.1f}'}, na_rep='MISS', precision=1)
0 1 2
0 MISS £ 1.0 A
1 2.00 MISS 3.0
Multiple ``na_rep`` or ``precision`` specifications under the default
``formatter``.
>>> df.style.format(na_rep='MISS', precision=1, subset=[0])
... .format(na_rep='PASS', precision=2, subset=[1, 2])
0 1 2
0 MISS 1.00 A
1 2.0 PASS 3.00
Using a callable ``formatter`` function.
>>> func = lambda s: 'STRING' if isinstance(s, str) else 'FLOAT'
>>> df.style.format({0: '{:.1f}', 2: func}, precision=4, na_rep='MISS')
0 1 2
0 MISS 1.0000 STRING
1 2.0 MISS FLOAT
Using a ``formatter`` with HTML ``escape`` and ``na_rep``.
>>> df = pd.DataFrame([['', '"A&B"', None]])
>>> s = df.style.format(
... '{0}', escape="html", na_rep="NA"
... )
>>> s.render()
...
| <div></div> |
"A&B" |
NA |
...
Using a ``formatter`` with LaTeX ``escape``.
>>> df = pd.DataFrame([["123"], ["~ ^"], ["$%#"]])
>>> s = df.style.format("\\textbf{{{}}}", escape="latex").to_latex()
\begin{tabular}{ll}
{} & {0} \\
0 & \textbf{123} \\
1 & \textbf{\textasciitilde \space \textasciicircum } \\
2 & \textbf{\$\%\#} \\
\end{tabular}
"""
if all(
(
formatter is None,
subset is None,
precision is None,
decimal == ".",
thousands is None,
na_rep is None,
escape is None,
)
):
self._display_funcs.clear()
return self # clear the formatter / revert to default and avoid looping
subset = slice(None) if subset is None else subset
subset = non_reducing_slice(subset)
data = self.data.loc[subset]
if not isinstance(formatter, dict):
formatter = {col: formatter for col in data.columns}
cis = self.columns.get_indexer_for(data.columns)
ris = self.index.get_indexer_for(data.index)
for ci in cis:
format_func = _maybe_wrap_formatter(
formatter.get(self.columns[ci]),
na_rep=na_rep,
precision=precision,
decimal=decimal,
thousands=thousands,
escape=escape,
)
for ri in ris:
self._display_funcs[(ri, ci)] = format_func
return self
def _element(
html_element: str,
html_class: str,
value: Any,
is_visible: bool,
**kwargs,
) -> dict:
"""
Template to return container with information for a | or | element.
"""
if "display_value" not in kwargs:
kwargs["display_value"] = value
return {
"type": html_element,
"value": value,
"class": html_class,
"is_visible": is_visible,
**kwargs,
}
def _get_trimming_maximums(rn, cn, max_elements, scaling_factor=0.8):
"""
Recursively reduce the number of rows and columns to satisfy max elements.
Parameters
----------
rn, cn : int
The number of input rows / columns
max_elements : int
The number of allowable elements
Returns
-------
rn, cn : tuple
New rn and cn values that satisfy the max_elements constraint
"""
def scale_down(rn, cn):
if cn >= rn:
return rn, int(cn * scaling_factor)
else:
return int(rn * scaling_factor), cn
while rn * cn > max_elements:
rn, cn = scale_down(rn, cn)
return rn, cn
def _get_level_lengths(
index: Index,
sparsify: bool,
max_index: int,
hidden_elements: Sequence[int] | None = None,
):
"""
Given an index, find the level length for each element.
Parameters
----------
index : Index
Index or columns to determine lengths of each element
sparsify : bool
Whether to hide or show each distinct element in a MultiIndex
max_index : int
The maximum number of elements to analyse along the index due to trimming
hidden_elements : sequence of int
Index positions of elements hidden from display in the index affecting
length
Returns
-------
Dict :
Result is a dictionary of (level, initial_position): span
"""
if isinstance(index, MultiIndex):
levels = index.format(sparsify=lib.no_default, adjoin=False)
else:
levels = index.format()
if hidden_elements is None:
hidden_elements = []
lengths = {}
if index.nlevels == 1:
for i, value in enumerate(levels):
if i not in hidden_elements:
lengths[(0, i)] = 1
return lengths
for i, lvl in enumerate(levels):
for j, row in enumerate(lvl):
if j >= max_index:
# stop the loop due to display trimming
break
if not sparsify:
lengths[(i, j)] = 1
elif (row is not lib.no_default) and (j not in hidden_elements):
last_label = j
lengths[(i, last_label)] = 1
elif row is not lib.no_default:
# even if its hidden, keep track of it in case
# length >1 and later elements are visible
last_label = j
lengths[(i, last_label)] = 0
elif j not in hidden_elements:
if lengths[(i, last_label)] == 0:
# if the previous iteration was first-of-kind but hidden then offset
last_label = j
lengths[(i, last_label)] = 1
else:
# else add to previous iteration
lengths[(i, last_label)] += 1
non_zero_lengths = {
element: length for element, length in lengths.items() if length >= 1
}
return non_zero_lengths
def _is_visible(idx_row, idx_col, lengths) -> bool:
"""
Index -> {(idx_row, idx_col): bool}).
"""
return (idx_col, idx_row) in lengths
def _format_table_styles(styles: CSSStyles) -> CSSStyles:
"""
looks for multiple CSS selectors and separates them:
[{'selector': 'td, th', 'props': 'a:v;'}]
---> [{'selector': 'td', 'props': 'a:v;'},
{'selector': 'th', 'props': 'a:v;'}]
"""
return [
{"selector": selector, "props": css_dict["props"]}
for css_dict in styles
for selector in css_dict["selector"].split(",")
]
def _default_formatter(x: Any, precision: int, thousands: bool = False) -> Any:
"""
Format the display of a value
Parameters
----------
x : Any
Input variable to be formatted
precision : Int
Floating point precision used if ``x`` is float or complex.
thousands : bool, default False
Whether to group digits with thousands separated with ",".
Returns
-------
value : Any
Matches input type, or string if input is float or complex or int with sep.
"""
if isinstance(x, (float, complex)):
if thousands:
return f"{x:,.{precision}f}"
return f"{x:.{precision}f}"
elif isinstance(x, int) and thousands:
return f"{x:,.0f}"
return x
def _wrap_decimal_thousands(
formatter: Callable, decimal: str, thousands: str | None
) -> Callable:
"""
Takes a string formatting function and wraps logic to deal with thousands and
decimal parameters, in the case that they are non-standard and that the input
is a (float, complex, int).
"""
def wrapper(x):
if isinstance(x, (float, complex, int)):
if decimal != "." and thousands is not None and thousands != ",":
return (
formatter(x)
.replace(",", "§_§-") # rare string to avoid "," <-> "." clash.
.replace(".", decimal)
.replace("§_§-", thousands)
)
elif decimal != "." and (thousands is None or thousands == ","):
return formatter(x).replace(".", decimal)
elif decimal == "." and thousands is not None and thousands != ",":
return formatter(x).replace(",", thousands)
return formatter(x)
return wrapper
def _str_escape(x, escape):
"""if escaping: only use on str, else return input"""
if isinstance(x, str):
if escape == "html":
return escape_html(x)
elif escape == "latex":
return _escape_latex(x)
else:
raise ValueError(
f"`escape` only permitted in {{'html', 'latex'}}, got {escape}"
)
return x
def _maybe_wrap_formatter(
formatter: BaseFormatter | None = None,
na_rep: str | None = None,
precision: int | None = None,
decimal: str = ".",
thousands: str | None = None,
escape: str | None = None,
) -> Callable:
"""
Allows formatters to be expressed as str, callable or None, where None returns
a default formatting function. wraps with na_rep, and precision where they are
available.
"""
# Get initial func from input string, input callable, or from default factory
if isinstance(formatter, str):
func_0 = lambda x: formatter.format(x)
elif callable(formatter):
func_0 = formatter
elif formatter is None:
precision = get_option("display.precision") if precision is None else precision
func_0 = partial(
_default_formatter, precision=precision, thousands=(thousands is not None)
)
else:
raise TypeError(f"'formatter' expected str or callable, got {type(formatter)}")
# Replace chars if escaping
if escape is not None:
func_1 = lambda x: func_0(_str_escape(x, escape=escape))
else:
func_1 = func_0
# Replace decimals and thousands if non-standard inputs detected
if decimal != "." or (thousands is not None and thousands != ","):
func_2 = _wrap_decimal_thousands(func_1, decimal=decimal, thousands=thousands)
else:
func_2 = func_1
# Replace missing values if na_rep
if na_rep is None:
return func_2
else:
return lambda x: na_rep if isna(x) else func_2(x)
def non_reducing_slice(slice_: Subset):
"""
Ensure that a slice doesn't reduce to a Series or Scalar.
Any user-passed `subset` should have this called on it
to make sure we're always working with DataFrames.
"""
# default to column slice, like DataFrame
# ['A', 'B'] -> IndexSlices[:, ['A', 'B']]
kinds = (ABCSeries, np.ndarray, Index, list, str)
if isinstance(slice_, kinds):
slice_ = IndexSlice[:, slice_]
def pred(part) -> bool:
"""
Returns
-------
bool
True if slice does *not* reduce,
False if `part` is a tuple.
"""
# true when slice does *not* reduce, False when part is a tuple,
# i.e. MultiIndex slice
if isinstance(part, tuple):
# GH#39421 check for sub-slice:
return any((isinstance(s, slice) or is_list_like(s)) for s in part)
else:
return isinstance(part, slice) or is_list_like(part)
if not is_list_like(slice_):
if not isinstance(slice_, slice):
# a 1-d slice, like df.loc[1]
slice_ = [[slice_]]
else:
# slice(a, b, c)
slice_ = [slice_] # to tuplize later
else:
# error: Item "slice" of "Union[slice, Sequence[Any]]" has no attribute
# "__iter__" (not iterable) -> is specifically list_like in conditional
slice_ = [p if pred(p) else [p] for p in slice_] # type: ignore[union-attr]
return tuple(slice_)
def maybe_convert_css_to_tuples(style: CSSProperties) -> CSSList:
"""
Convert css-string to sequence of tuples format if needed.
'color:red; border:1px solid black;' -> [('color', 'red'),
('border','1px solid red')]
"""
if isinstance(style, str):
s = style.split(";")
try:
return [
(x.split(":")[0].strip(), x.split(":")[1].strip())
for x in s
if x.strip() != ""
]
except IndexError:
raise ValueError(
"Styles supplied as string must follow CSS rule formats, "
f"for example 'attr: val;'. '{style}' was given."
)
return style
class Tooltips:
"""
An extension to ``Styler`` that allows for and manipulates tooltips on hover
of ```` cells in the HTML result.
Parameters
----------
css_name: str, default "pd-t"
Name of the CSS class that controls visualisation of tooltips.
css_props: list-like, default; see Notes
List of (attr, value) tuples defining properties of the CSS class.
tooltips: DataFrame, default empty
DataFrame of strings aligned with underlying Styler data for tooltip
display.
Notes
-----
The default properties for the tooltip CSS class are:
- visibility: hidden
- position: absolute
- z-index: 1
- background-color: black
- color: white
- transform: translate(-20px, -20px)
Hidden visibility is a key prerequisite to the hover functionality, and should
always be included in any manual properties specification.
"""
def __init__(
self,
css_props: CSSProperties = [
("visibility", "hidden"),
("position", "absolute"),
("z-index", 1),
("background-color", "black"),
("color", "white"),
("transform", "translate(-20px, -20px)"),
],
css_name: str = "pd-t",
tooltips: DataFrame = DataFrame(),
):
self.class_name = css_name
self.class_properties = css_props
self.tt_data = tooltips
self.table_styles: CSSStyles = []
@property
def _class_styles(self):
"""
Combine the ``_Tooltips`` CSS class name and CSS properties to the format
required to extend the underlying ``Styler`` `table_styles` to allow
tooltips to render in HTML.
Returns
-------
styles : List
"""
return [
{
"selector": f".{self.class_name}",
"props": maybe_convert_css_to_tuples(self.class_properties),
}
]
def _pseudo_css(self, uuid: str, name: str, row: int, col: int, text: str):
"""
For every table data-cell that has a valid tooltip (not None, NaN or
empty string) must create two pseudo CSS entries for the specific
| element id which are added to overall table styles:
an on hover visibility change and a content change
dependent upon the user's chosen display string.
For example:
[{"selector": "T__row1_col1:hover .pd-t",
"props": [("visibility", "visible")]},
{"selector": "T__row1_col1 .pd-t::after",
"props": [("content", "Some Valid Text String")]}]
Parameters
----------
uuid: str
The uuid of the Styler instance
name: str
The css-name of the class used for styling tooltips
row : int
The row index of the specified tooltip string data
col : int
The col index of the specified tooltip string data
text : str
The textual content of the tooltip to be displayed in HTML.
Returns
-------
pseudo_css : List
"""
selector_id = "#T_" + uuid + "row" + str(row) + "_col" + str(col)
return [
{
"selector": selector_id + f":hover .{name}",
"props": [("visibility", "visible")],
},
{
"selector": selector_id + f" .{name}::after",
"props": [("content", f'"{text}"')],
},
]
def _translate(self, styler_data: FrameOrSeriesUnion, uuid: str, d: dict):
"""
Mutate the render dictionary to allow for tooltips:
- Add ```` HTML element to each data cells ``display_value``. Ignores
headers.
- Add table level CSS styles to control pseudo classes.
Parameters
----------
styler_data : DataFrame
Underlying ``Styler`` DataFrame used for reindexing.
uuid : str
The underlying ``Styler`` uuid for CSS id.
d : dict
The dictionary prior to final render
Returns
-------
render_dict : Dict
"""
self.tt_data = self.tt_data.reindex_like(styler_data)
if self.tt_data.empty:
return d
name = self.class_name
mask = (self.tt_data.isna()) | (self.tt_data.eq("")) # empty string = no ttip
self.table_styles = [
style
for sublist in [
self._pseudo_css(uuid, name, i, j, str(self.tt_data.iloc[i, j]))
for i in range(len(self.tt_data.index))
for j in range(len(self.tt_data.columns))
if not mask.iloc[i, j]
]
for style in sublist
]
if self.table_styles:
# add span class to every cell only if at least 1 non-empty tooltip
for row in d["body"]:
for item in row:
if item["type"] == "td":
item["display_value"] = (
str(item["display_value"])
+ f''
)
d["table_styles"].extend(self._class_styles)
d["table_styles"].extend(self.table_styles)
return d
def _parse_latex_table_wrapping(table_styles: CSSStyles, caption: str | None) -> bool:
"""
Indicate whether LaTeX {tabular} should be wrapped with a {table} environment.
Parses the `table_styles` and detects any selectors which must be included outside
of {tabular}, i.e. indicating that wrapping must occur, and therefore return True,
or if a caption exists and requires similar.
"""
IGNORED_WRAPPERS = ["toprule", "midrule", "bottomrule", "column_format"]
# ignored selectors are included with {tabular} so do not need wrapping
return (
table_styles is not None
and any(d["selector"] not in IGNORED_WRAPPERS for d in table_styles)
) or caption is not None
def _parse_latex_table_styles(table_styles: CSSStyles, selector: str) -> str | None:
"""
Return the first 'props' 'value' from ``tables_styles`` identified by ``selector``.
Examples
--------
>>> table_styles = [{'selector': 'foo', 'props': [('attr','value')],
... {'selector': 'bar', 'props': [('attr', 'overwritten')]},
... {'selector': 'bar', 'props': [('a1', 'baz'), ('a2', 'ignore')]}]
>>> _parse_latex_table_styles(table_styles, selector='bar')
'baz'
Notes
-----
The replacement of "§" with ":" is to avoid the CSS problem where ":" has structural
significance and cannot be used in LaTeX labels, but is often required by them.
"""
for style in table_styles[::-1]: # in reverse for most recently applied style
if style["selector"] == selector:
return str(style["props"][0][1]).replace("§", ":")
return None
def _parse_latex_cell_styles(
latex_styles: CSSList, display_value: str, convert_css: bool = False
) -> str:
r"""
Mutate the ``display_value`` string including LaTeX commands from ``latex_styles``.
This method builds a recursive latex chain of commands based on the
CSSList input, nested around ``display_value``.
If a CSS style is given as ('', '') this is translated to
'\{display_value}', and this value is treated as the
display value for the next iteration.
The most recent style forms the inner component, for example for styles:
`[('c1', 'o1'), ('c2', 'o2')]` this returns: `\c1o1{\c2o2{display_value}}`
Sometimes latex commands have to be wrapped with curly braces in different ways:
We create some parsing flags to identify the different behaviours:
- `--rwrap` : `\{}`
- `--wrap` : `{\ }`
- `--nowrap` : `\ `
- `--lwrap` : `{\} `
- `--dwrap` : `{\}{}`
For example for styles:
`[('c1', 'o1--wrap'), ('c2', 'o2')]` this returns: `{\c1o1 \c2o2{display_value}}
"""
if convert_css:
latex_styles = _parse_latex_css_conversion(latex_styles)
for (command, options) in latex_styles[::-1]: # in reverse for most recent style
formatter = {
"--wrap": f"{{\\{command}--to_parse {display_value}}}",
"--nowrap": f"\\{command}--to_parse {display_value}",
"--lwrap": f"{{\\{command}--to_parse}} {display_value}",
"--rwrap": f"\\{command}--to_parse{{{display_value}}}",
"--dwrap": f"{{\\{command}--to_parse}}{{{display_value}}}",
}
display_value = f"\\{command}{options} {display_value}"
for arg in ["--nowrap", "--wrap", "--lwrap", "--rwrap", "--dwrap"]:
if arg in str(options):
display_value = formatter[arg].replace(
"--to_parse", _parse_latex_options_strip(value=options, arg=arg)
)
break # only ever one purposeful entry
return display_value
def _parse_latex_header_span(
cell: dict[str, Any], multirow_align: str, multicol_align: str, wrap: bool = False
) -> str:
r"""
Refactor the cell `display_value` if a 'colspan' or 'rowspan' attribute is present.
'rowspan' and 'colspan' do not occur simultaneouly. If they are detected then
the `display_value` is altered to a LaTeX `multirow` or `multicol` command
respectively, with the appropriate cell-span.
``wrap`` is used to enclose the `display_value` in braces which is needed for
column headers using an siunitx package.
Requires the package {multirow}, whereas multicol support is usually built in
to the {tabular} environment.
Examples
--------
>>> cell = {'display_vale':'text', 'attributes': 'colspan="3"'}
>>> _parse_latex_header_span(cell, 't', 'c')
'\multicol{3}{c}{text}'
"""
if "attributes" in cell:
attrs = cell["attributes"]
if 'colspan="' in attrs:
colspan = attrs[attrs.find('colspan="') + 9 :] # len('colspan="') = 9
colspan = int(colspan[: colspan.find('"')])
return (
f"\\multicolumn{{{colspan}}}{{{multicol_align}}}"
f"{{{cell['display_value']}}}"
)
elif 'rowspan="' in attrs:
rowspan = attrs[attrs.find('rowspan="') + 9 :]
rowspan = int(rowspan[: rowspan.find('"')])
return (
f"\\multirow[{multirow_align}]{{{rowspan}}}{{*}}"
f"{{{cell['display_value']}}}"
)
if wrap:
return f"{{{cell['display_value']}}}"
else:
return cell["display_value"]
def _parse_latex_options_strip(value: str | int | float, arg: str) -> str:
"""
Strip a css_value which may have latex wrapping arguments, css comment identifiers,
and whitespaces, to a valid string for latex options parsing.
For example: 'red /* --wrap */ ' --> 'red'
"""
return str(value).replace(arg, "").replace("/*", "").replace("*/", "").strip()
def _parse_latex_css_conversion(styles: CSSList) -> CSSList:
"""
Convert CSS (attribute,value) pairs to equivalent LaTeX (command,options) pairs.
Ignore conversion if tagged with `--latex` option, skipped if no conversion found.
"""
def font_weight(value, arg):
if value == "bold" or value == "bolder":
return "bfseries", f"{arg}"
return None
def font_style(value, arg):
if value == "italic":
return "itshape", f"{arg}"
elif value == "oblique":
return "slshape", f"{arg}"
return None
def color(value, user_arg, command, comm_arg):
"""
CSS colors have 5 formats to process:
- 6 digit hex code: "#ff23ee" --> [HTML]{FF23EE}
- 3 digit hex code: "#f0e" --> [HTML]{FF00EE}
- rgba: rgba(128, 255, 0, 0.5) --> [rgb]{0.502, 1.000, 0.000}
- rgb: rgb(128, 255, 0,) --> [rbg]{0.502, 1.000, 0.000}
- string: red --> {red}
Additionally rgb or rgba can be expressed in % which is also parsed.
"""
arg = user_arg if user_arg != "" else comm_arg
if value[0] == "#" and len(value) == 7: # color is hex code
return command, f"[HTML]{{{value[1:].upper()}}}{arg}"
if value[0] == "#" and len(value) == 4: # color is short hex code
val = f"{value[1].upper()*2}{value[2].upper()*2}{value[3].upper()*2}"
return command, f"[HTML]{{{val}}}{arg}"
elif value[:3] == "rgb": # color is rgb or rgba
r = re.findall("(?<=\\()[0-9\\s%]+(?=,)", value)[0].strip()
r = float(r[:-1]) / 100 if "%" in r else int(r) / 255
g = re.findall("(?<=,)[0-9\\s%]+(?=,)", value)[0].strip()
g = float(g[:-1]) / 100 if "%" in g else int(g) / 255
if value[3] == "a": # color is rgba
b = re.findall("(?<=,)[0-9\\s%]+(?=,)", value)[1].strip()
else: # color is rgb
b = re.findall("(?<=,)[0-9\\s%]+(?=\\))", value)[0].strip()
b = float(b[:-1]) / 100 if "%" in b else int(b) / 255
return command, f"[rgb]{{{r:.3f}, {g:.3f}, {b:.3f}}}{arg}"
else:
return command, f"{{{value}}}{arg}" # color is likely string-named
CONVERTED_ATTRIBUTES: dict[str, Callable] = {
"font-weight": font_weight,
"background-color": partial(color, command="cellcolor", comm_arg="--lwrap"),
"color": partial(color, command="color", comm_arg=""),
"font-style": font_style,
}
latex_styles: CSSList = []
for (attribute, value) in styles:
if isinstance(value, str) and "--latex" in value:
# return the style without conversion but drop '--latex'
latex_styles.append((attribute, value.replace("--latex", "")))
if attribute in CONVERTED_ATTRIBUTES.keys():
arg = ""
for x in ["--wrap", "--nowrap", "--lwrap", "--dwrap", "--rwrap"]:
if x in str(value):
arg, value = x, _parse_latex_options_strip(value, x)
break
latex_style = CONVERTED_ATTRIBUTES[attribute](value, arg)
if latex_style is not None:
latex_styles.extend([latex_style])
return latex_styles
def _escape_latex(s):
r"""
Replace the characters ``&``, ``%``, ``$``, ``#``, ``_``, ``{``, ``}``,
``~``, ``^``, and ``\`` in the string with LaTeX-safe sequences.
Use this if you need to display text that might contain such characters in LaTeX.
Parameters
----------
s : str
Input to be escaped
Return
------
str :
Escaped string
"""
return (
s.replace("\\", "ab2§=§8yz") # rare string for final conversion: avoid \\ clash
.replace("ab2§=§8yz ", "ab2§=§8yz\\space ") # since \backslash gobbles spaces
.replace("&", "\\&")
.replace("%", "\\%")
.replace("$", "\\$")
.replace("#", "\\#")
.replace("_", "\\_")
.replace("{", "\\{")
.replace("}", "\\}")
.replace("~ ", "~\\space ") # since \textasciitilde gobbles spaces
.replace("~", "\\textasciitilde ")
.replace("^ ", "^\\space ") # since \textasciicircum gobbles spaces
.replace("^", "\\textasciicircum ")
.replace("ab2§=§8yz", "\\textbackslash ")
)
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