X: -2.7647564 Y: 9.980777 Chapter: 5 Page: 145 Content: HenanZhecheng County Chili Poverty Reduction Demonstration ProgramZhecheng is the capital of chili in China, and the chili industry is the pillar for poverty reduction in Zhecheng County. The county plants around 400,000 mu (26,667 hectares) of chili, and 200,000 people engage in the industry. The whole industrial chain has helped 36,000 poor people to shake off poverty and formed a pattern in which one industry lifts thousands of people out of poverty. The Chili Poverty Reduction Demonstration Base is located in Niucheng County and it plays a leading role in the development of the chili industry. The base covers 3.6 square kilometers and consists of the Chili Town and the Chili Market. It is a major demonstration base for chili planting and trade. In 2019, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs designated the Chili Market as a farm product price monitor site, and the chili price is released on CCTV-2 between 7:00 AM to 8:00 AM. On December 9, 2020, Chinese Agri-produce Marketing Association presented Zhecheng Chili Market with the title of “Outstanding Unit in Connecting Production and Market of Farm Products in Poor Areas”. Zhecheng Chili Market has become the largest dry chili distribution center and pricing center.Introduction to the Field Visit Sites in Zhecheng CountyChili farmers are happy with their harvest


X: -2.764535 Y: 9.981369 Chapter: 5 Page: 146 Content: Zhecheng closely relies on the chili industry and establishes relevant pro-poor systems at every link of the industrial chain to ensure poverty reduction effects. The planting base mainly uses the land transfer and employment models, in which the Chili Market mainly adopts the “market + broker + poor households” and the “market + association + poor households” models. Seedling development, transplantation, fertilizer application, watering, weeding, picking and similar work requires less strength, but requires a huge number of hands, long working time and low skills, and therefore creating opportunities for neighboring villagers. Thus, the chili industry creates jobs for over 2000 poor villagers and provides a channel for part-time workers and weak laborers to steadily increase their income.First, the county adopts a land transfer poverty reduction model. The local government encourages leading household, family farms, farmer cooperatives, leading agricultural enterprises and new agricultural business entities to transfer land. For entities that transfer over 300 mu (20 hectares), 500 mu (33.4 hectares) and 1,000 mu (66.7 hectares), the county financial department subsidizes the transferred land at 100, 150 yuan and 200 per mu, respectively. So far, the planting base has transferred 20,000 mu (1333.3 hectares) of land, including over 9,000 mu (600 hectares) from registered poor households. The rental for the land is 800 yuan per mu and the planting cooperatives pay the rental before planting to guarantee basic income of poor households. In 2018, Beike Seed & Seedling Base established by Henan Poverty Reduction Innovation Award winner Liang Shengzun transferred over 2000 mu (133.3 hectares) of land, which helped 486 people in 360 households to increase their income, including 126 registered poor villagers in 87 households.The chili planting base


X: -2.7647338 Y: 9.980877 Chapter: 5 Page: 147 Content: HenanSecond, the county adopts an employment-based poverty reduction model. The chili planting base has 10 professional planting cooperatives and 12 leaders, which led 2000 villagers to shake off poverty. Si Yuxia is a registered poor villager that works full-time in the chili field of Zhecheng Fire Farmers’ Planting Cooperative. She works in the chili field by growing seedling in spring and earns 270 yuan a day, weeding in summer and earns 80 yuan a day, harvesting chili in autumn and earns 180 yuan a day, and doing some other jobs besides plantation in winter and earns 80 yuan a day. With this, she can earn over 30,000 yuan a year with her perseverance and successfully shook off poverty. Third, the county adopts a “market + broker + poor households” model. Zhecheng Chili Market was built in October, 2007, with a total investment of 168 million yuan. With a total area of 300 mu (20 hectares) and a building area of 80,000  sqaure meters, the market is a professional one that involves trade, processing, cold storage and logistics. The annual trade volume is 700,000 tons, or 10 billion yuan, and the market can earn 210 million yuan worth of foreign exchanges through export. The chili from Zhecheng is sold to over 30 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, and to over 20 countries and regions in Europe, America and Southeast Asia. So far, there are over 20,000 chili brokers related to Zhecheng nationwide and over 2500 entrepreneurs who led 106 villages in the county to become chili planting villages.Workers collecting chili in the base


X: -2.7647216 Y: 9.98095 Chapter: 5 Page: 148 Content: Fourth, the county adopts a “market + association + poor households” model. So far, Zhecheng Chili Industrial Association has absorbed 1500 members which are distributed on every level of the chili industry. The processing and trade sectors alone have led over 2200 people to shake off poverty. Henan Zhecheng Yuqi Food Cold Storage Company, established by the chief of Shangqiu Chili Association, purchases over 10,000 tons of chili every year and provides jobs for over 200 people. Wang Xi, an e-commercial entrepreneur, employs more than 50 poor villagers, including left-behind women and elderly people, to sell chili products online. In April 2016, as a representative of rural Taobao partners, Wang Xi walked onto the podium of the United Nations.Fifth, the county develops a poverty reduction model that combines production, sales, research and tourism. In September 2020, Zhecheng International Chili Town began its construction with a total investment of 4 billion yuan. It is a global featured town focusing on the chili industry. The town formulates the theme of “exhibition, research, festivals, feasts and tourism on chili” to combine production, sales, research and tourism. It aims to develop a global renowned town that incorporates processing and export bases, trade and logistic bases, modern planting bases, chili exhibition centers, chili research centers, chili big data center, chili spot and forward centers, and chili conference centers. Because of this, the town will create 50,000 jobs.The Chili Market


X: 14.4161 Y: -2.2485738 Chapter: 5 Page: 149 Content: HenanZhecheng Central Nursing HomeZhecheng Central Nursing Home is 1.5 kilometers away to the north of downtown. It was completed and opened in 2013. The nursing home covers an area of 42 mu (2.8 hectares), with a total building area of 11,000 square meters and a total investment of 16 million yuan. The nursing home has a 5-story building, two 2-story building, 360 beds and a canteen that can serve over 500 people. The nursing home is also equipped with recreational room, cultural and sport activity room, party member’s home, elders’ classroom, library, meeting room, integrated clinic, fire safety monitor station and county nursing home information management platform. There are green zones, fitness areas and plant areas in the nursing home which are reasonably arranged. The nursing home has been rated as a “National Three-Star Nursing Home”, an “Advanced Unit in Five Guarantees” and a “National Elder Civilization Unit”. It is the first standardized demonstration institution that passed the acceptance in the elderly service sector in Henan. On October 22, 2018, Henan Civil Livelihood Guarantee Work Site Meeting was held in Zhecheng County. So far, the county’s central nursing home and 17 county and town’s nursing homes provide services for 3,200 elderly people. They provide basic livelihood for the most vulnerable group and ensure that elders, incapable, physically disabled and mentally handicapped people can be covered by such services. Since the Central Nursing Home of Zhecheng County became a key investigation point to fight against poverty in 2021, more than 30 batches of visiting and investigation teams from Yuncheng, Xinxiang, Kaifeng, Gongyi, Yongcheng and other places inside and outside the province have come to visit, study and investigate.


X: 14.41713 Y: -2.2504191 Chapter: 5 Page: 150 Content: Panoramic view of the nursing homeExercise facilities for the elderly


X: 14.416878 Y: -2.2485614 Chapter: 5 Page: 151 Content: HenanZhecheng Central Nursing Home follows the requirement of “providing livelihood, medical service, work, education and happiness to the elders” to explore a model that combines elderly service with poverty reduction. This model, featuring integration of four elderly services, combination of medical service and elderly service, standardized elderly service and urban-rural elderly service interaction, can play a key role in guaranteeing poverty reduction.First, the integration of four services. The four services refer to service for concentrated destitute people, service for disabled or semi-disabled (including mentally handicapped) poor people, low-cost service for left-behind elders in low-income poor families on the basis of remaining beds and services for vagrant beggars. The County Central Nursing Home now accommodates 360 people. The once dispossessed destitute people, left-behind elders and vagrant beggars can live safely, have decent food to eat and enjoy a comfortable life in the Center.Health examination conducted to the elderly people


X: 14.415633 Y: -2.2489104 Chapter: 5 Page: 152 Content: Second,standardized service mode of elderly care service industry. In August 2016, the county Central Nursing Home successfully won the first batch of service industry standardization pilot projects in Henan Province. Drawing on the successful experience of advanced nursing home standardization construction, it carefully combed the standardization framework system of elderly care services, and formed a complete set of services including service personnel training, daily life care for the elderly, basic rehabilitation training for the elderly, hospital rounds, hazard identification and control, daily meal services, psychological care for caregivers The 756 standardized and standardized service system for nursing homes in 20 major projects, such as emotional communication and emergency response, has fully realized that everything has a basis for operation, every service has a process, every management has a standard, and the safety of the hospital is guaranteed. The standardized coverage rate of the whole hospital reached more than 95%. In September 2018, Zhecheng County Central Nursing Home became the first standardized demonstration unit of elderly care service industry in Henan Province that passed the acceptance. There are 72 management and service personnel in the Central Nursing Home of the county, providing daily services such as food and delivery, laundry and trousers washing, boiled water delivery, free haircut, free distribution of fruits and milk, walking by hand, wheelchair promotion, body massage, teaching games, sports and recreation, learning and culture.In 2021, the county party committee and the county government decided to build Zhecheng County Health Care Industrial Park with high standards, relying on the central nursing home. It is planned to build a modern elderly care industrial park with the health industry as the core, integrating the provision of extremely poor people, the centralized care of social elderly care, the senior level elderly care of real estate, the combination of medical care and elderly care, and the design and development of elderly care products. The planned investment is 727 million yuan, the planned area is more than 280 mu (18.7 hectares), and the project will be constructed in three phases, Phase I project is under construction.


X: 14.402544 Y: -2.2356675 Chapter: 5 Page: 153 Content: HenanThird, urban-rural elderly service interaction. Zhecheng Central Nursing Home always plays a leading role in the elderly service management. They build a county nursing home information management platform which includes all 17 county and town nursing homes, provide all-weather management service, and gives improvement suggestions. At the same time, the nursing home sends staff to provide knowledge training, experience exchange and business guidance for other nursing homes. So far, the nursing home’s information management system and the smart power system and Zhecheng county home-based care service management system have merged to create a “smart +” modern elderly care system. The nursing home provides scientific reference and demonstrations in terms of nursing home standardization, detailed management and humanistic service, and pushes for the elderly service integration and improvement.Entertainment


X: 9.348607 Y: 4.4440436 Chapter: 6 Page: 156 Content: Longma Xinguo Industrial Co., Ltd.By seizing the opportunity of cooperation with Hangzhou as part of the east-west cooperation in poverty alleviation, Enshi City invited Zhejiang Xinzhou International Trade Co., Ltd. to set up Enshi Longma Xinguo Industrial Co., Ltd. jointly with the local Jinguo Tea Industry Co., Ltd. with an investment of 50 million yuan in Longma Village, Longfeng Town in 2017.The company has managed to reduce the burden on poor households through innovative practices of cooperation and improve their income through various measures with remarkable results benefiting the poor population.Introduction to the Field Visit Site in Enshi CityA panoramic view of a matcha production workshop


X: 9.341024 Y: 4.4495726 Chapter: 6 Page: 157 Content: HubeiFirst, “public-private collaboration” reduces the financial burden on poor households. The company has tried to reduce the costs of development for the poor population with funds from east-west cooperation in poverty alleviation, government fiscal funds and the company’s own funds for development. In Longma Village, the company has led the villagers to transform 500 mu (33.3 hectares) of ordinary tea fields into a matcha base with an average cost of 5,200 yuan per mu. The funds needed for building the base are shared by the company, the east-west cooperation in poverty alleviation, and the local government on a 4:3:3 ratio, while the poor households are only responsible for daily management activities such as weeding. The company has also signed agreements with villagers in Maozishan and other three villages to develop a matcha planting base of 1,073 mu (71.5 hectares). The fertilizer used by poor households in the early stage was paid in advanced by the villages’ collective management companies and will then be deducted from the income of the villagers. As a result, the poor households are not required to pay from their own pockets the costs of tea field transformation and tea growing.Second, “unified management by the collective” reduces the labor burden on poor households. Poor households trust the villages’  collective management companies with their tea fields, and the companies send workers to farms to quickly harvest fresh matcha leaves in large areas with mechanical tea pickers. Poor families without working-age member can also benefit from the operations, as dividends are paid to them even if they do not work in picking tea. Moreover, poor households may assume such roles as accountants, tea makers and supervisors in Xinguo, or work in the tea farm demonstration base to earn additional income.Third, “purchase orders” reduces the sales burden on poor households. All fresh matcha leaves harvested by the villages’ collective management companies are purchased by Xinguo at prices agreed in the contracts. It will then be processed, packaged and sold by Xinguo. Because of this, the villagers are not worried about the sales of their produce.Fourth, land trust cooperation drives income increase. Xinguo has built a full-trust matcha base of 500 mu (33.4 hectares) with fields rented from villagers by paying an annual rent of 2,000 yuan per mu. Following


X: 9.364793 Y: 4.446821 Chapter: 6 Page: 158 Content: high standards, the tea planting base carries out unified management and harvesting, turning the previously low-yield idle land of farmers into “treasure” and generating rental income for the villagers.Fifth, the cooperative development of bases drives income increase.  The village’s collective management company has built a matcha base of 1073 mu (71.5 hectares) in collaboration with the villagers and signed agreements on matcha planting cooperation with them. Under the agreements, the village’s collective management company receives 2 yuan per kilogram, while the villagers receive 8 yuan, 4 yuan and 2 yuan per kilogram in spring, summer and autumn, respectively. Traditionally, the green tea previously planted by the poor villagers was picked in spring only, and the income per mu was slightly more than 2,000 yuan. By planting matcha, the tea is picked in spring, summer and autumn, and the income per mu is more than 4,000 yuan. Since 2019, Xinguo has purchased more than 590,000 kilograms of fresh leaves in Maozishan and other three villages, and the collective management companies in these villages have also maintained stable income totaling 1.18 million yuan.Sixth, dividends from shareholding drive income increase. During the company’s building of standardized base, the 2.3 million yuan from east-west cooperation in poverty alleviation were invested as shares held by Maozishan and the other three villages’ collective management companies, and dividends are paid in proportion to the shares being held with return no less than 6%. The dividends are paid to poor households at a ratio of 9:1.Led by Xinguo Company, the per capita income of poor households in Longma Village has increased by 6,000 yuan through renting out tea fields, conducting tea field management and working for the village’s collective management company. Through the development of order-based tea farms, Xinguo has helped 714 households with 2,328 people, including 567 poor households with 1,002 people, in Maozishan and other three villages. With this, they increased their annual income by 6,000 yuan per household. Moreover, Xinguo hires workers for seasonal workshops, and the workers take their posts after training. There are now more than 20 workers (including 6 ever-registered poor villagers) earning an additional annual income of 24,000 yuan per person.


X: 9.353172 Y: 4.462391 Chapter: 6 Page: 159 Content: HubeiA matcha base after transformation


X: 9.109459 Y: 4.244893 Chapter: 6 Page: 160 Content: Wujiatai VillageWujiatai Village is located in Xuanen County, Hubei Province with an area of 8.5 square kilometers. It consists of 17 villager groups where 569 households with 2,138 people live, including 125 registered poor households with 400 people. In relation to the cause of poverty, 40% of the poor households were impoverished due to illness, 13.6% due to disability, 12.8% due to lack of labor, 12% due to poor transportation, 9.6% due to lack of land, 7.2% due to lack of technology, and 4.8% due to other reasons.Wujiatai Village has a long history of tea growing and rich resources of tea culture. By making full use of these resources and combining industrial development, targeted poverty alleviation and building of beautiful countryside construction, the village focuses on achieving the scale economy of the tea industry, developing the ecological and landscaping function of tea fields, and promoting rural ecological and Introduction to the Field Visit Sites in Xuanen CountyTea Growing in Wujiatai Village


X: 9.115392 Y: 4.2419286 Chapter: 6 Page: 161 Content: Hubeileisure tourism to rejuvenate the traditional tea industry, broaden new income sources for tea farmers and get better off, and drive the 10,000-mu industrial belt of ecological tea fields in surrounding villages. Thus, the village embarked on a new road of industrial integration and development for poverty alleviation.The first measure is to link industrial development with poverty alleviation-based agriculture. An interest linkage relationship is formed between poor households and market players for development with an industrial poverty alleviation model summarized as “leading enterprises + specialized cooperatives (family farms) + bases + poor households”. In 2022, the tea fields in Wujiatai Village reached 4,880 mu (325.3 hectares), and the per capita area for growing of tea exceeded 2 mu (0.13 hectar). Enterprises and specialized cooperatives mainly engaged in tea processing and marketing to turn tea into commodities that increase tea farmers’ income and improve the efficiency of tea enterprises.In 2022, there were 13 tea processing enterprises in Wujiatai Village, including 1 large-scale enterprise, 829 households (including 125 registered poor households) are members of cooperatives, and the sales revenue of these organizations from the produce reached 12.4 million yuan. By the end of 2021, the per capita disposable income of the village reached 18,440.27 yuan.The second measure is to promote the integration of tea growing and Tourists visit a selenium-rich tribute tea base in Wujiatai


X: 9.106359 Y: 4.2323174 Chapter: 6 Page: 162 Content: tourism to drive poverty reduction and income increase. In 2016, Wujiatai Village successfully established the first 4A scenic spot in the province featuring the Village’s tea culture. Following the guiding idea of “leadership of government, management by enterprises, and participation and sharing by the people”, the village has actively promoted the interest linkage model of “leading tea enterprises (cooperatives) + bases + farmers”, encourage leading tea enterprises or specialized tea cooperatives to sign contracts with farmers to rent farmers’ tea fields, purchase tea at a premium, and protect the fundamental interests of tea farmers.The total area of land transfer in Wujiatai Village has reached 462.9 mu (30.86 hectares), involving 78 households and including 43 mu (2.9 hectares) of land from 11 poor households. The land transfer fee is 1,000 yuan/mu, and a total of 43,000 yuan is paid to the poor households every year. The wages of poor households working in the bases, built through land transfer, has totaled to more than 200,000 yuan. Further, rewards are given to ever-registered poor migrant workers according to their performance in managing the bases, and the quality and quantity of tea leaves picked by them, and more than 30,000 yuan has been paid as additional rewards. Furthermore, the tea companies provide jobs for more than 200 poor households every year, including 12 households that signed long-term employment agreements for poverty alleviation, and paying wages of more than 2 million yuan to poor households on a cumulative basis.The development of tea industry has helped poor households cast off poverty and increase their income, and all residents of the village have got out of poverty by the end of 2015. In 2022, the Wujiatai Tribute Tea Culture Tourism Area received a total of 801,000 tourists and gained revenues of 200 million yuan from tourism, The per capita disposable income of Wujiatai Village has reached more than 15,000 yuan, and the poor households have been effectively lifted out of poverty and entered a moderately prosperous state. The village has been named a “National Civilized Village” and “Chinese Village with Ethnic Minority Characteristics”.


X: 11.548336 Y: 0.2712115 Chapter: 6 Page: 163 Content: HubeiSongping Resettlement Site for Relocation of Rural Poor for Poverty AlleviationThe Songping Resettlement Site for relocating rural poor from inhospitable areas is located in Shadaogou Town, Xuanen County. There are 5,361 poor households with 18,506 people in the town, which is the town with the largest poor population, the heaviest task of poverty alleviation and the deepest level of impoverishment in Xuanen County. Before the battle against poverty was waged, the transportation infrastructure and production conditions in remote villages of the town were harsh and seriously impeded the local people’s endeavors to shake off poverty. To tackle this situation, Xuanen County invested 260 million yuan to build the Songping Resettlement Site for the people relocated from inhospitable areas near the hearts of towns in 2017. The Songping Resettlement Site takes up a land of 310 mu (20.7 hectares) (20.7 hectares) with 66 residential buildings which were handed over for occupation in October 2018. It houses 1,235 poor households with 4,594 poor people relocated from 44 villages of Shadaogou Town, accounting for 50% of the total number of relocated households in Shadaogou Town. It is also the largest resettlement site for people from geographically isolated areas in Enshi Prefecture. The resettlement site has taken a variety of measures to help and support the relocated poor people.


X: 11.177732 Y: -0.1529562 Chapter: 6 Page: 164 Content: The first measure is to strengthen the assistance and support team. By building a capable team of officials for assistance and support, which includes a community service team and a model team, the resettlement site works to solve the follow-up matters after relocation, improve community service and management, strengthen the education and guidance of civilized rural lifestyle and healthy family habits, and promote a social custom and happy atmosphere about mutual assistance and help in the neighborhood.A member of a poor household works as a community cleanerAn aerial view of Songping Resettlement Site


X: 8.687224 Y: 0.018512482 Chapter: 6 Page: 165 Content: HubeiThe second measure is to broaden the channels of employment and income increase. A start-up and business park of 12,600 square meters is situated in the resettlement site to actively attract tenant enterprises and create jobs. At present, the Songping Resettlement Site has one garment making and sales enterprise (Rigorer) which can provide 650 jobs. The open spaces on the first-floor house two tenant enterprises, which provide more than 10 jobs. Rigorer now has over 400 employees, of which 198 are relocated poor people. The workers’ average wage exceeds 2,500 yuan/month, while the salary of a skilled worker can reach 5,000 yuan/month. By leveraging east-west cooperation in poverty alleviation and other initiatives, the resettlement site has provided public welfare posts such as cleaners and grid keepers to provide a job platform for poor households and stimulate their inner impetus. 10 public welfare posts are offered, and 10 members from relocated poor households have successfully applied for posts such as cleaners and grid keepers, with an average salary of 5,000 yuan/year. Training for various working skills has been delivered by making full use of community service centers. By September 2022, Songping Resettlement Site had delivered 15 sessions of training on various skills, such as baby-raising and housekeeping with a total of 1,200 participants. With an interlinkage among various levels of county, township and village, efforts were made to visit every household to facilitate the contact between them and potential employers, organize dedicated job fairs regularly, and release recruitment information via WeChat groups, billboards and other channels. Six dedicated and targeted job fairs were held and 56 members of relocated households successfully received offers, especially there were 609 migrant workers that were dispatched on a point-to-point basis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reward and subsidy policies have been formulated to encourage enterprises in the county to hire relocated people. In addition, the relocated people benefited from subsidies from public welfare forests and transfer of land in their original places of residence. Among the 4,594 members of relocated households, 2,477 have the ability to work, including 1,749 working outside the county and 396 working nearby, basically realizing that one family member being employed can solve the problem of the whole household.


X: 11.140803 Y: -0.19350816 Chapter: 6 Page: 166 Content: The fourth measure is to drive self-management. Service centers have been established not only to provide convenient community services for relocated households but also to enable them to actively participate in community management through education and guidance. At present, the community has set up 10 mass self-governing organizations, such as poverty alleviation service stations, left-behind service stations, and subsistence allowance and assistance services stations together with a voluntary patrol team.Vegetables grown by relocated householdsThe third measure is to optimize public services. The community has also built supporting facilities for relocated households to enjoy convenient services, such as food, shopping and entertainment facilities, as well as basic urban public services, such as public transportation, education and health care. At present, two bus lines have been opened in the Songping Resettlement Site. In relation to education services, 432 of the 227 school-age primary school students from the relocated households have enrolled in the nearby Songping Primary School. Moreover, the relocated households can now seek medical consultation in hospital within 10 minutes.A poverty alleviation workshop in the resettlement site


X: 12.687705 Y: 1.3371277 Chapter: 6 Page: 167 Content: HubeiMaguantun Village Modern Agriculture Industrial ParkMaguantun Village is located 6 kilometers southwest of the seat of Zhongbao Town, Xianfeng County. There are 358 households with 1,141 people in the village, including 186 poor households with 643 poor people. All the poor households have been lifted out of poverty. In 2016, by leveraging the opportunities brought about by the east-west cooperation in poverty alleviation, Maguantun Village spent 11 million yuan of fund assistance from Yuhang District to vigorously promote the development of a modern agricultural industrial park and build it into a demonstration site for building beautiful countryside and driving poor households out of poverty and increase their income.The first measure is to conduct scientific planning and design. The planning and construction of the industrial park began in 2016. As part Introduction to the Field Visit Site in Xianfeng CountyA view of the modern industrial park in Maguantun Village


X: 9.0203285 Y: 1.11214 Chapter: 6 Page: 168 Content: of the east-west cooperation in poverty alleviation, the park’s master plan was prepared by Zhejiang University in 2018 with a planned area of more than 1,300 mu and a total planned investment of nearly 200 million yuan. Considering the actual conditions of the village and the demands of the villagers, the planned park consists of a rare edible fungus cultivation and purchasing area for Morchella, a youth farming study base, selenium-enriched colored rice planting area, flower nursery display area, a fruit picking area focusing on winter peach, and a rural leisure and tourism area in line with the interests of the villagers.The second measure is to optimize the interest linkage. The villagers of 186 poor households participated in the whole process of early-stage infrastructure and framework construction of the industrial park to increase the income of the workers. The village has explored the poverty alleviation model of “village collective economic joint-stock cooperative + enterprises + poor households”. In this model the village collective economic joint-stock cooperative is responsible for leasing land and building greenhouses and other infrastructure project funds as contribution of shares; 6 enterprises have been set up by investors to organize villagers to develop industries with local characteristics; and poor households are involved in participation in development through working and leasing out land. The industrial park has covered all the 358 households, which includes 186 poor households, in the village.Income from land trust. The cooperative is engaged to manage more than 1,000 mu (66.7 hectares) of land which the villagers has contracted land management rights including 700 mu (46.7 hectares) of land from poor households. The rent is at 400 yuan/mu in the first year and will be increased by 50 yuan/mu every two years, but it will be no higher than 700 yuan/mu. Because of this, the annual income of the 186 poor households increased by more than 2,000 yuan in average.


X: 12.680321 Y: 1.41597 Chapter: 6 Page: 169 Content: Hubei500 mu (33.3 hectares) of land is entrusted to the cooperativeIncome from employment. At present, the park hires about 120 fixed workers from 70 poor households in the industrial park with a salary of 80-200 yuan/day, benefiting more than 1,000 poor households living nearby and increasing their income by 15,600 yuan.Increase income with characteristic industries. Market players are invited to develop industries with local characteristics. Due to their influence, all the 186 poor households are engaged in growing vegetables, rare mushrooms, flower seedlings, local fruits and selenium-enriched colored rice planting with the per capita area of characteristic industries being 2 mu, and per capita income increased by 11,000 yuan.The new-type market players helped the poor households to develop industries with local characteristics, and per capita net income of the village reached 14,255 yuan in 2019.The third measure is to upgrade the industrial level. By developing intensive and modern industrial management, Maguantun Village has formed five major industries, namely smart agriculture, modern agriculture, experience agriculture, cultural and creative agriculture, and scientific research agriculture, built 42 standardized greenhouses, including 17 multi-span greenhouses and 1 intelligent greenhouse,


X: 12.67605 Y: 1.5355182 Chapter: 6 Page: 170 Content: developed a circular agriculture vegetable planting base of more than 50 mu (3.4 hectares), a four-season fruit picking garden of 280 mu (18.7 hectares), a rare edible fungus base of 223 mu (14.9 hectares), a flower container seedling base of 50 mu (3.4 hectares), a bonsai production and seedling base of 25 mu (1.7 hectares), a youth farming study base of 30 mu (2 hectares) and a colored rice base of 200 mu (13.4 hectares). The development paths are also increasingly diversified. The Village developed a sales model of on-site tourism picking and “Internet + products”.The fourth measure is to improve the living environment. Maguantun Village have also integrated the construction of a modern agricultural park with the improvement of living environment in design, having comprehensively improved the appearance of the village. Combining road and transportation planning and construction with tourism and leisure facilities, the village has built a flower sightseeing area, local fruit picking area, amusement facilities experience, selenium-enriched colorful rice sightseeing area, and a rural walkable tour ring. The village is also equipped with the prefecture’s first two intelligent waste sorting and treatment systems, covering more than 85% of the villagers according to the mode of “sorting by household, collection by village, transportation by town and treatment by county”. In addition, the village holds a sanitation competition every month and mobilizes villagers to participate in the improvement of living environment which has produced remarkable results.


X: 11.798596 Y: 0.7905925 Chapter: 7 Page: 172 Content: Shibadong VillageShibadong Village is located in the southwest of Shuanglong Town, Huayuan County, Hunan Province. There are 6 villager groups of 225 households with 939 people and per capita cultivated land is only 0.83 mu. Before the battle against poverty was waged, the village was a typical poor village inhabited by Miao people with deep and wide-spread poverty. In 2013, the per capita net income was 1,668 yuan, which was only 18.8% of the national per capita income. There were 136 poor households with 533 people in the village, accounting for 56.76% of the total population of the village. At that time, infrastructure such as roads, clinics and schools were seriously insufficient; villagers’ cultural qualities were low; industrial development was seriously lagging behind; the collective economy was a “blank”. The Party branch lacked necessary competences, while the villagers had no inner impetus for poverty elimination and borne the attitude of “waiting, relying and wanting”. There were many single young villagers in the village, including 38 persons older than 35.Introduction to Field Visit Site in Huayuan CountyA current view of Shibadong village


X: 11.764673 Y: 0.8250359 Chapter: 7 Page: 173 Content: HunanOn November 3, 2013, President Xi Jinping visited Shibadong Village, where he first put forward the important thought of “targeted poverty alleviation”, gave important instructions of “seeking truth from facts, acting according to local conditions, guiding by classification and implementing targeted poverty alleviation”, and put forward the requirement for “no special treatment, but changes” to Shibadong Village. Since then, Shibadong Village has entered a fast lane of targeted poverty alleviation.The first measure is to accurately identify the poor groups. The method of assessment undergone the following principle “first the condition of the house, second at the food, third if the labor force is strong or not, fourth if there is any school-age child in the house, and fifth if there is any patient lying in bed”. In combination with actual conditions of the village, the village has developed a method for accurate identification of poor households for targeted poverty alleviation. In 2014, a total of 136 poor households with 533 people were identified, accounting for 56.76% of the total population of the village. The results if identification were publicly known by everyone and satisfaction from every household was secured.Shibadong Village Kiwi Industry BaseThe second measure is to strengthen the teams for poverty alleviation. The county Party committee has set up a team for targeted poverty alleviation in Shibadong consisting of young Party members who are politically competent and proficient in the Miao language, and transferred the Party organization registration of the committee’s first secretary and the resident team leader to the village Party branch to support the work of the Party committee and villagers’ committee. Capable Party members


X: 11.690552 Y: 0.90289474 Chapter: 7 Page: 174 Content: The third measure is to stimulate the inner impetus for development. In exploring “rating of villagers’ ideology and morality”, the village organizes moral competitions among all villagers on a regular basis, which has remarkably improved the mental outlook of the masses. The village also holds competitions for the “Most Admirable Shibadong People”, “Most Lovable Cleaners”, “Outstanding Party Members”, “Cleanest Households” and “Most Beautiful Farmhouses”. The village works to identify role models, cooperate with Tuanjie Bao newspaper to launch the online live streaming of “Shibadong Today”, educate all villagers with the things around them, and create a strong atmosphere of Villagers participate in the moral lecturewho are politically right, have acquired high levels of education, and entrusted by the masses have been elected to the Party branch. This significantly enhanced the competences and cohesion of the Party branch. The work group has actively carried out the work of “Leading through Party Building, and Five Practices of Mutual Assistance and Prosperity”. Each mutual assistance group that consists of one Party member and five households carry out activities in the principle of “households helping households, relatives helping relatives to shake off poverty and become better off” from five aspects, namely theoretical study, mutual assistance in production, rural civilization, neighborhood harmony and green home construction. Forty one mutual assistance groups have been established to cover all Party members and villagers.


X: 11.755648 Y: 0.8277202 Chapter: 7 Page: 175 Content: Hunanbeing positive, self-reliant and home-loving.The fourth measure is to develop industries with local characteristics for poverty alleviation. The village worked to increase the income of the poor population and strengthen the collective economy by developing the growing of kiwifruit, yellow peach, Shibadong golden tea, Chinese herbal medicines and other plants with local characteristics, as well as rural tourism related to the revolutionary history, handmade Miao embroidery, spring water supply and other industries and labor supply activities.Shibadong Village Miao Embroidery Base Group Wedding of Shibadong VillagersThe fifth measure is to improve the infrastructure and public services. Through the implementation of the “six households” of improvement in water, electricity, roads, housing, Internet access and environment, and the renovation of kitchens, toilets, bathrooms, pens and dilapidated buildings, the village has taken on a new look, and every household has access to tap water, stable supply of electricity, and, if they wish, wireless Internet. Also, a village e-commerce service station, a village financial service station and other service facilities have been put into operation. All students from the village are covered by the policies on poverty alleviation through education, 100% are covered by the new rural cooperative medical insurance, and 100% patients with chronic diseases have signed service agreements.The sixth measure is to ensure accurate poverty delisting. Encompassing the objectives of “one exceeding, two assurances and three guarantees”, the village has established and improved the assessment of five conditions, namely the environment, assets, income, competencies and health, to ensure that the 136 registered poor households and the village as a whole will get rid of poverty strictly according to relevant


X: 11.731767 Y: 0.8335385 Chapter: 7 Page: 176 Content: procedures. At the same time, the dynamic changes of poor households were tracked in a comprehensive manner, and targeted assistance and support were provided according to the findings of monitoring.Now, Shibadong Village has taken on a new look, and the people’s ideological concepts have undergone tremendous changes from the previous attitude of “waiting, relying and wanting” towards support and assistance. Through the simultaneous development of the five major industries, namely planting and breeding, Miao embroidery, labor supply, tourism and mountain spring, the village’s per capita net income reached 20,167 yuan in 2021. With this, there has been no one becoming poor or returning to poverty. Also, the village collective economy developed to 2.68 million yuan. The village has been selected as one of the "Eight Revolutionary Scenes" in Hunan Province and one of the "One Hundred Excellent Routes of Revolutionary Tourism at the Centenary of the Party". It has been awarded as a national model for poverty alleviation, a national patriotism education demonstration base, a national youth study base and a national 5A tourist attraction. In 2021, it received 788,000 visitors and become a revolutionary landmark in the new era, an important position for promoting the spirit of poverty eradication and teaching vivid lessons for learning the history of the Party.


X: 10.259636 Y: -0.26852462 Chapter: 7 Page: 177 Content: HunanChangputang VillageMainly inhabited by Tujia ethnic groups, Changputang Village is located in Liaojiaqiao Town, Fenghuang County, consisting of 15 natural villages or 23 villager groups. There are 710 households with 3,035 people in the village, including 132 registered poor households with 431 people. In 1980s and 1990s, Changputang Village was a typical village suffering from arid weather and poverty, with per capita cultivated land area of less than 0.5 mu (0.03 hectar). Limited by natural conditions, the villagers had to rely on planting rice and corn to make a living. 90% of the houses in the village were once mud and brick houses or stone houses, and 10% were huts. An old saying which reads “Never marry your daughter to a man from Changputang, because he has only rotten baskets in his house” was once a portrayal of its poverty. In recent years, Changputang Village has shaken off poverty and boosted the collective economy, village environment and villagers’ spiritual civilization remarkably increased through the development of industries, the joint efforts of the village and enterprises, the guidance through Party building, the pairing of high and lower performers, technical transfer, among others.Introduction to Field Visit Sites in Fenghuang CountyA new look of Changputang Village


X: 12.764007 Y: 1.6697971 Chapter: 7 Page: 178 Content: The first measure is to select the right industries for development.  Party members and village officials have taken the lead in studying advanced practices and markets in other places, exploring ways to develop agricultural industries, and introducing new varieties in combination with the actual conditions of the village. These efforts have made the village the top producer of fruit in the county. After President Xi Jinping visited the village in November 2013, and with the guidance and support of the provincial, prefecture and county agricultural authorities, the village has developed a number of agricultural industrial parks for growing “Miliang No.1” kiwifruit, red heart kiwifruit and honey pomelo, among others, through application of soil improvement technology, scientific cultivation management technology and variety improvement technology, and continuous improvement in the fruit quality, while implementing the strategy integrating agriculture and tourism to vigorously develop agricultural leisure experience tours and natural sightseeing tours. In 2019, the Feishui Valley Scenic Area received 320,000 tourists and gained revenues of more than 1.8 million yuan from sale of agricultural and sideline products.A harvest festivalThe second measure is to boost the vitality through joint efforts of the village and enterprises. The village has maintained cooperation with Zhoushengtang, a leading company in the province, and supplies honey pomelo, kiwifruit and other produce to the company for making of honey grapefruit paste, preserved fruit and other products at guaranteed


X: 10.269127 Y: -0.27521607 Chapter: 7 Page: 179 Content: Hunanprices. The village as a collective holds 5% shares of Zhoushengtang by contributing the brand of “Changputang”, and received a dividend of 230,000 yuan in 2019, which boosted the village’s collective economy. Zhoushengtang also hired 160 villagers, including 28 ever-registered poor villagers from Changputang and surrounding areas. As a key industrial project for poverty alleviation, Zhoushengtang acquired more than 300 mu (20 hectares) of land in Alaying Town, Luochaojing Town and other places for planting kiwifruit, and provided assistance at the rate of 2,000 yuan per person to poor households in Lahao, Yongxing and other villages. Dividends were paid at the end of each year, amounting to 165,000 yuan in 2018 and 125,000 yuan in 2019, which helped 750 poor villagers to shake off poverty and live a well-off life.The e-commerce center of Changputang Village was established to combine online and offline display of the county’s high-quality specialty agricultural products and to create a new growth opportunities of the village’s collective economy. By making full use of the “Internet+” model, the village has vigorously developed e-commerce. With the help of e-commerce platforms, it sold 400,000 kg of honey pomelo in 2019. Moreover, with the support of the County Supply and Marketing Cooperative, the village has founded a village supply and marketing cooperative to motivate fruit farmers to actively join the cooperative, unify the technical standards of planting management, purchase fruit from farmers at guaranteed prices slightly higher than the market prices, unify storage, selection and packaging of fruit, and pay secondary dividends to fruit farmers according to a certain proportion after the sale to increase the income of fruit farmers and develop the fruit brands.The third measure is to promote development with grassroots organizations. A Party committee has been set up for the village, consisting of 4 Party branches designated for different areas. There are 106 Party members in the village. The village’s Party Committee took the lead in designating Party organizations by industrial chain rather than geographical areas The four newly established functional branches correspond to the fruit industry, tourism industry, women’s grafting team and Zhoushengtang, while four Party groups have been established for the tourism service, industrial technology service, grapefruit industry and kiwifruit industry. With a model of “Party group + Party members + poor households”, the Party organizations play an important role in promoting agricultural yield and efficiency, management, training and sale, tackling key problems and coordinating relevant resources in this process, and act


X: 9.212348 Y: 0.07717783 Chapter: 7 Page: 180 Content: Party organization structure in the villageBy implementing the mechanism that “a strong Party branch helps a weak Party branch, a high-performance Party member helps a low-performance Party member”, the previous Party branches of Changputang Village and Yingtaoao Village were paired with two other relatively weak village Party branches to share resources, help each other in technical matters, and solve problems together. Also, each Party member or official is paired up to help one or more poor households, providing them with fruit tree seedlings, management and training techniques and assistance in sales, free of charge. With this, they have realized the objectives of “three prosperities”, namely the prosperity of cooperative members, the villagers, and that of the village.The fourth measure is to increase income through providing technical services. Besides fruit growing, fruit growers in the village have explored and summarized mature techniques in long-time production activities and found new channels for increasing income with their techniques. The village has set up a men’s pole building team and a women’s grafting team. The men’s pole building team assembles pole frameworks and pulls wiring for new kiwifruit growers in the home county and other counties and cities in the prefecture. The women’s grafting team travels to Guizhou, Chongqing, Sichuan, Shanxi and other places all year-round as a “sharp weapon” to overcome difficulties, gather the people’s trust and strengthen the economy.


X: 8.573259 Y: -0.28394902 Chapter: 7 Page: 181 Content: HunanBy the end of 2019, the total industrial area of the village had increased from 778 mu (51.9 hectares) to 5,844 mu (389.6 hectares), and per capita industrial area had increased from less than 0.5 mu to 2 mu. In the past six years, the per capita disposable income of farmers has increased from yuan 6,121 to yuan 23,419, and 90% of fruit farmers earn more than yuan 30,000 in average every year. 109 households with 357 people were lifted out of poverty by developing industries from 2014 to 2019. The income of the village’s collective economy reached 663,000 yuan in 2019, increased by 22 times in six years, and is expected to exceed 1 million yuan in 2020. The village has also made remarkable achievements in improving the infrastructure, cleanliness, appearance and spiritual civilization in the village.Sharing of growing techniques under fruit treesto provide grafting services for kiwifruit, apple, orange, peach and plum and other trees. They generate more than 8 million yuan every year, and become the “golden scissors” on the road of poverty alleviation and prosperity.


X: 10.242416 Y: 2.9099212 Chapter: 7 Page: 182 Content: Zhushan VillageThere are 310 households with 1,256 people, including 65 poor households with 274 people, in Zhushan Village, Fenghuang County. Zhushan Village was considered “the toughest nut to crack” in the battle against poverty in Fenghuang County due to mountainous terrains, limited fields, inconvenient transportation and obsolete ideas among the local people. However, since 2018, the village has rapidly changed from a poor village to a wealthy village highly visible on the Internet by making full use of natural and cultural resources, inviting enterprises to develop rural tourism, and driving poverty alleviation and income increase through various means such as rents, wages and dividends.The first measure is to improve the infrastructure. The village keeps driving the construction of infrastructure such as roads, Internet access and water supply and has won support from the county government for accelerating the construction of the Qian-Yun tourist highway from Qiangongping Town of Fenghuang to Yunchangping Town in Guizhou Province. The village has realized full coverage of water safety, telecommunications, Internet access and road lighting with the support The old and new Party and public service centers in the village


X: 9.686905 Y: 3.2569995 Chapter: 7 Page: 183 Content: Hunanfrom various departments of the county government.The second measure is to develop the tourism industry. In June 2019, Phoenix Travel Investment Development and Construction Co., Ltd. started to implement projects in the village. Based on the village’s resource advantages and the market trends, the company has actively cultivated new forms of industry, such as cultural performing arts and cultural experience. It has successively launched three products in different forms, namely “Love in Zhushan”, “Infinity Pool in Miao Mountains” and “Zhushan Countryside Residence”, which has quickly made the village into a well-known tourist destination popular on the Internet. From its opening in March to the end of July, the village received a total of 94,800 tourists and gained revenues of 8,306,800 yuan. Among them, “Zhushan Countryside Residence”, a high-end homestay area, has been extremely popular and received 30,500 tourists and gained revenues of 3,592,700 yuan.The third measure is to stimulate sustainable inner impetus for development. The Party branch and villagers’ committee of the village are fully staffed with capable and qualified members to enhance the building of grassroots organizations, which have fortresses to lead the masses to change their ideas, strengthen their motivation and promote development in the battle against poverty.Homestay houses of Zhushan Countryside Residence


X: 9.583852 Y: 2.1434386 Chapter: 7 Page: 184 Content: A traditional wedding in an ethnic minority familyThe fourth measure is to implement targeted assistance and support. With the in-depth assistance and support, the villages apply the “Three Monthly Tasks” method, which means the designated assistance and support personnel should visit their subject, solve problems and report the progress of their work on a monthly basis, vigorously implements “Three Levels of Resolution” of problems by household, village and case, and comprehensively ensure the “Three Implementations” of responsibilities, policies and work tasks. Real-time monitoring is in place in terms of abnormal changes of family members, safe drinking water, provision of compulsory education, basic medical insurance, housing safety, entitlement to policies, among others.The fifth measure is to broaden the sources for increasing income.  The annual income of the village as a collective reached over 400,000 yuan by expanding the village’s collective economy, developing rural tourism and other means. The income of villagers has been increased with dividends, income from the properties, provision of labor, and sales from products. Because of this, the way of increasing villagers’ income has been broadened.


X: 9.832112 Y: 3.0905607 Chapter: 7 Page: 185 Content: HunanThe poverty headcount ratio of the village decreased from 21.8% in 2013 to 0.88% in 2019, and per capita net income increased from 1,800 yuan in 2013 to 12,600 yuan in 2019. With this, the village successfully cast off  poverty as a whole. Zhushan Village has been named a Model Village of Rural Tourism in Xiangxi Prefecture, Key Village of Rural Tourism in the province, Model Village of Cultural and Tourism Poverty Alleviation in the province, and Chinese Village with Ethnic Minority Characteristics. The village was chosen as a venue of the National Countryside Spring Festival Evening Gala during the Spring Festival in 2020.Diverse cultural activities are held in Zhushan Village


X: 9.52391 Y: 4.0138946 Chapter: 7 Page: 186 Content: Aikou VillageThere are 735 households with 3,116 people, including 166 registered poor households with 652 people, in Aikou Village, Jishou City. By adhering to the tea culture, the village has been vigorously developing the Xiangxi golden tea, making every effort to build beautiful countryside, accelerating the integration of tea industry and tourism, and driving poverty alleviation and income increase for poor households. This was mainly done by supporting them in tea growing, purchase of tea by processing cooperatives at favorable prices, and distribution of dividends.The first measure is to vigorously develop tea planting. The “One Person, One mu of Tea” plan for poverty alleviation was kicked off in 2014 to provide villagers with rewards and subsidies for reclamation costs, seedlings and fertilizers. For registered poor households, 1,500 yuan per person is paid annually as rewards and subsidies for industrial poverty alleviation in addition to small poverty alleviation loans. These efforts have stimulated the initiative of the masses in productive activities. Introduction to the Field Visit Site in Jishou CityThe tea base in Aikou Village


X: 9.540131 Y: 4.0323734 Chapter: 7 Page: 187 Content: HunanThe second measure is to drive income increase through tea processing. With a model of “Party branch + cooperative + farmers”, the village Party secretary founded the Aikou Tea Specialized Cooperative of Jishou City, which attracts poor households to join. The Cooperative purchases fresh tea leaves from poor households at prices 1–5 yuan higher than the market prices per jin. The cooperative has signed purchase contracts with poor households, undertaking to purchase all the fresh tea leaves to be collected by the poor households in the next 10 years. Followed by the example set by the village Party secretary, some other village officials and major industrial households has also founded cooperatives and guided villagers and poor households to join the cooperatives. Now, there are 13 specialized tea cooperatives in the village, which solve the sale of the villagers’ industries and strongly support steady increase in the villagers’ income.Tea fields are converted into a scenic spot2.5 mu (0.17 hectare) of tea has been planted by each person from registered poor households, and the net income per mu of tea is more than 5,000 yuan every year.


X: 8.647466 Y: 4.089452 Chapter: 7 Page: 188 Content: A tea processing factoryThe third measure is to establish a tripartite sharing mechanism. While keeping the villagers in the center of consideration, the villages pay special attention to protect the interests of the villagers, collective and cooperatives, and strive to activate the “sleeping” resources in rural areas, pool distributed funds, create opportunities for increasing income, and improve the villagers’ quality of life. The Party branch undertakes the basic projects to ensure the planning and implementation of such projects are in line with the interests of the villagers, enterprises and village. When developing industrial projects, the focus is on the distribution of interests among the enterprises, villagers and village when the cooperatives are applying for industrial projects. For the capital of such projects, the villagers contribute the value of tea fields, woodlands and cultivated land resources in scenic spots; external enterprises and village cooperatives contribute funds; the village contributes revitalized assets and revenues, finally forming a development model of “enterprises as the main players, market operation and benefit sharing”.The fourth measure is to build a livable and civilized countryside. Guided by the conviction that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, the village has turned tea fields into eco parks and barren mountains into green homes through coordination of production, life and ecosystem. The village has implemented five major programs for countryside planning and upgrading, infrastructure construction, social governance innovation, environmental sanitation improvement and waste sorting and treatment; strengthened Party building to lead a civilized rural lifestyle; set up 137 mutual aid groups centered on Party members;


X: 9.544797 Y: 4.0253406 Chapter: 7 Page: 189 Content: HunanIn 2017, Aikou Village was lifted out of poverty as a whole, and all the villagers were lifted out of poverty. The per capita net income of the village exceeded 18,000 yuan, and the revenues of the village’s collective economy reached 200,000 yuan. The village has been named a “Village with Ethnic Minority Characteristics in Hunan Province”, one of the first batch of “10 Excellent Routes for Tea and Tourism Integration in China” and “Model Village in Building Beautiful Countryside of the Prefecture”.Bulletin boards on tea cultureestablished a love point supermarkets; home competitions for “the most beautiful tea garden”, “the most beautiful tea farm”, “the most beautiful tea farmer” and “the best tea product”; formulated a complete set of village rules and regulations; and created a village lifestyle of harmonious coexistence, working together, feeling like family members and helping each other.An aerial view of the tea base


X: 8.889937 Y: 1.4938549 Chapter: 7 Page: 190 Content: Nanmuqiao VillageNanmuqiao Village is located in Tanjiazhai Township, Mayang County. The Party branches of the village and eight surrounding villages have been united to create a general Party branch for joint efforts in guiding the development of the nine villages. Relying on the Mayang Nanmuqiao College Graduate Village Officer Enterprise Park, the first of its kind in Hunan Province, the general Party branch organized the specialized planting cooperatives for poverty alleviation industries in six surrounding villages to set up the core poverty alleviation industrial park, and implemented the villages’ joint efforts in enterprise and fight against poverty. The cooperatives have helped 2,383 people from 646 poor households get out of poverty and increased their income through group assistance, technical assistance, land transfer, workers’ compensation, dividends, and small poverty alleviation loan platforms. All the nine villages have collective economy of pillar industries with annual revenues exceeding 100,000 yuan in each village, and the annual revenues of Nanmuqiao Village’s collective economy exceeds 10 million yuan.Introduction to the Field Visit Site in Mayang CountyThe kiwifruit industrial park in Nanmuqiao Village


X: 8.955318 Y: 1.4661549 Chapter: 7 Page: 191 Content: HunanThe first measure is to establish a joint Party branch. Based on the Party branch of Nanmuqiao Village, the general Party branch has been established with the secretary of the township Party committee concurrently serving as the secretary of the general Party branch, the Party secretary of Nanmuqiao Village as the deputy secretary, and the Party secretaries of other eight villages serve as members. The general Party branch consists of 20 Party groups for the battle against poverty and organized by industry for poverty alleviation, covering 11 industries in 9 villages. All the 33 industrial bases are staffed with Party members who are high performers in poverty alleviation. Now, every industry has a Party group, and every base has a leading Party member.The second measure is to set examples by Party members. Tan Zeyong, Deputy Secretary of the general Party branch, took the lead in helping 21 poor households get rid of poverty steadily and appointed a capable candidate as the Party branch secretary of the left-behind Wugongqiao Village, who took measures such as developing collective forest farms, industrial partnership and shareholding, and land leasing to strengthen the village’s collective economy. In just two years, the annual revenue of the village’s collective economy has increased from zero to 200,000 yuan.The third measure is to carry out paring-up support and assistance. The general Party branch has established the responsibility system for forerunners to help the stragglers. The Party branch of Nanmuqiao Village The Party secretary of Nanmuqiao Village leads villagers to reclaim wasteland for an industrial park


X: 8.971554 Y: 1.3476331 Chapter: 7 Page: 192 Content: has been paired with the Party branch of Yueping Village and helped the latter to become an advanced grassroots Party organization in the whole city. Tan Xia, a “National Young Leader for Bettering off” has been paired up with 37 poor households, and helped them increase household income by 8,160 yuan per household through land for shares, technical assistance, and provision of jobs, among others.The fourth measure is to drive poverty alleviation through industrial parks and zones. Relying on the Mayang Nanmuqiao College Graduate Village Official Enterprise Park, the general Party branch organized the specialized planting cooperatives for poverty alleviation industries in the nine villages to work together in the battle against poverty in an intensive manner. The four poor villages and five non-poor villages covered by the park have signed contracts to transfer and incentivize 4,000 mu of land with an investment of 8 million yuan, covering 646 poor households with 2,383 people, accounting for 77% of the total poor population in the township. The output value of the park expanded up to 1 million yuan in 2020. The enterprise park directly hatched 12 family farms, 13 farmers’ specialized cooperatives and 8 agricultural companies, and helped 2,383 poor people from 646 households in the 9 villages get out of poverty.The fifth measure is to develop pillar industries. By following the concept of “connecting points into lines and into groups for prosperity in a holistic way”, each village has been guided to choose a pillar industry, The Mayang Nanmuqiao College Graduate Village Official Enterprise Park


X: 8.981312 Y: 1.1951772 Chapter: 7 Page: 193 Content: Hunanwhich is connected technically to and managed synchronously with the industrial parks. These villages now have industrial bases with an annual output value of over 10 million yuan each, such as the blueberry base of 200 mu (13.4 hectares) in Zhuziao Village, the red heart kiwifruit base of 200 mu (13.4 hectares) in Huangcha Village, and yellow peach base of 200 mu (13.4 hectares) in Wugongqiao Village, contributing to an additional increase of income of over 3,000 yuan per person. At the same time, the nine villages have worked to new paths for developing tourism. Now, there is one four-star leisure-farm resorts and three large stages for folk cultural performances in the nine villages, which has received over 100,000 tourists and earned more than 6 million yuan as a tourism revenue.The sixth measure is to optimize the interest linkage. With the management model of “companies + cooperatives + farmers (poor households) + bases + universities/research institutes”, the village official enterprise parkis solely responsible for the management, technology and sales of the poverty alleviation industrial parks. After the poverty alleviation industrial parks generated profits, 25% of the profits are distributed to the village official enterprise park, while the rest of the 75% is distributed toother 9 villages, which further distribute their respective dividends according to the numbers of shares. The dividend distributed to each village is distributed in proportion to the contributions from the poor population, village collective and non-poor population. The enterprise park hires ever-registered poor migrant workers for about 3,000 temporary working hours every year, and pays more than 300,000 yuan to A grape industrial park in the Mayang Nanmuqiao College Graduate Village Official Enterprise Park


X: 8.957285 Y: 1.4648925 Chapter: 7 Page: 194 Content: The seventh measure is to build credit platforms. The village took the lead in providing small poverty alleviation loans in a manner summarized as “credit granting, two exemptions, three preferential treatments, and four preventive and control measures”. This means that the registered poor households are rated and granted with a credit line; loans are provided without collateral or guarantee; preferential treatments are provided in terms of interest rates, term and discount interests; and a micro-finance risk compensation fund is maintained to ensure that every poor household can borrow money to start a business and solve the financial deficiency. This practice leverages the “big capital” with “small funds” for poverty alleviation, and magnifies the benefits of poverty alleviation funds in the battle against poverty. Currently, a total of 21.63 million yuan has been granted to 646 poor households as small poverty alleviation loans for the development of 105 industrial projects.Nanmuqiao Village has been successfully selected as “Top 100 Examples of Beautiful Countryside in China”, “The Most Beautiful Leisure Village in China”, “Model Village of Rural Revitalization Led by Science and Technology” and “Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Base of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China”.Ever-registered poor workers in the poverty alleviation industrial park of Nanmuqiao Village for joint-enterprise effortsthem as wages. Poor households are now entitled to land rents, worker’s compensation, dividends and other benefit distribution mechanisms.


X: 18.592133 Y: 2.1690505 Chapter: 8 Page: 196 Content: Core Demonstration Zone of Poverty Alleviation through Developing Agricultural and Forestry SectorsThe Tianyang District Core Demonstration Zone of poverty alleviation through developing agricultural and forestry sectors has been established as a project of poverty alleviation through creating new economic activity to develop the mango industry and ensure the sustainable development of the population relocated from inhospitable areas by leveraging the county’s natural and ecological advantages. The project is located at the junction of Toutang, Yufeng and Tianzhou towns, 7 kilometers east of the county seat, with a planned area of 15,000 mu (1,000 hectares) and a total investment of 360 million yuan. The construction for the project Introduction to the Field Visit Sites in Tianyang DistrictPanoramic view of the core demonstration zones of poverty alleviation through developing agricultural and forestry sectors in the past and present


X: 18.594755 Y: 2.167665 Chapter: 8 Page: 197 Content: GuangxiAllocation of property rights to industries in the demonstration zone after relocationwas commenced in May 2016. 14,928.8 mu (995.3 hectares) of land has been transferred for the project, and 10,000 mu (666.7 hectares) of high-quality mango is grown now. By following the strategic decisions of the state on the battle against poverty and poverty alleviation through creating new economic activity, the demonstration zone has explored and implemented a development model of “allocation of rights and interests, partnership in operation, leaseback, and jobs for increasing income”, established and improved the safeguarding mechanism of “organizational reshaping, training and knowledge transfer, and integrated development”, cultivated local and advantageous industries for impoverished areas, built integrated industrial chains of production, processing and marketing, and guided poor villages and poor households to achieve sustainable poverty alleviation and prosperity through modern industrial production activities.Allocation of rights and interests. 1 mu (0.06 hectar) of mango in the demonstration zone was allocated as a unit of shareholding to each household; the 6,063 households relocated from inhospitable areas were given the right to develop cooperative operation, and each household can earn more than 1,000 yuan every year. 10 mu (0.6 hectar) was allocated as a unit of shareholding to each of the 152 villages in the district with the right of operation, and each village can earn 50,000 – 100,000 yuan for their collective economy.Partnership in operation. Poor households are guided to apply for small poverty alleviation loans. In the cooperative mode of government guidance, poor households’ investment and construction by enterprise,


X: 18.594759 Y: 2.1676228 Chapter: 8 Page: 198 Content: poor households have signed agreements with the companies running the bases in the demonstration zone to jointly develop the mango industry and achieve stable income increase through “risk and benefit sharing”. At present, 4,262 households being lifted out of poverty and households under follow-up monitoring in the district have participated in the development of the demonstration zone with funds from the small poverty alleviation loans.Leaseback. 10 mu (0.6 hectar) of mango in the demonstration zone was leased back to each household that is interested, skilled and capable to conduct production, operation management, while the government-owned platform company is responsible for the construction and operation of the infrastructure such as roads, water conservancy, electric power, integrated drip irrigation of water and fertilizer, and rail transportation for the bases in the producing areas. At present, 235 poor households and households under follow-up monitoring have participated in the leaseback arrangement. After three years, when the trees enter the full bearing period, each household can increase their income by 30,000 – 80,000 yuan per year.Jobs for income increase. A bus line has been open from the county seat to the demonstration zone, and the Party branches of poor villages are encouraged to organize households being lifted out of poverty and those relocated from geographically-isolated areas to work in the demonstration zone to increase their income. Currently, a total of 22 Party branches of poor villages have organized 876 households being lifted out of poverty and households under follow-up monitoring to work seasonally in the demonstration zone, and each worker earns about 3,000 yuan every month.Organizational reshaping. A united Party Committee has been set up for the demonstration zone, and it supervises three Party branches and 139 Party members, who played a role of leading and demonstration. The Party committee has organized households being lifted out of poverty and households under follow-up monitoring to find or join specialized cooperatives that will develop characteristic industrial operations and consolidate the foundation for poor households to increase their income according to the model of “company + bases + Party branches + cooperatives + farmers”.Training and knowledge transferring. The demonstration zone has


X: 18.594913 Y: 2.167615 Chapter: 8 Page: 199 Content: Guangxiset up a technical pioneer guidance group consisting of Mo Wenzhen, a national poverty alleviation champion and self-taught expert of mango growing, Liang Minwang, a lecturer of the “Farmers’ Classroom”, and other Party members. The technical pioneer guidance group delivers technical training, service and guidance in a point-to-point manner in different areas of the demonstration zone to improve the mango production and management skills of households being lifted out of poverty and households under follow-up monitoring. They work to ensure that each poor household master at least 1–2 set of solid mango growing and management techniques. By the end of 2020, 12 sessions of training with 23 skill classes had been held for a total of 1,299 participants from poor households.The technical pioneer guidance group led by Mo Wenzhen, Liang Minwang and other Party members delivers technical training, service and guidance to poor households in different areas with respect to mango growing techniques in a point-to-point mannerIntegrated development mode. Closely following the objective of “increase sustainable income and stable guaranteed income”, the government-owned platform company has served as the owner that will integrate poverty alleviation project funds and funds from non-government actors with a total of 223 million yuan to vigorously develop leisure agriculture and rural tourism through terraced reclamation of orchards and construction of support facilities for rural tourism, leisure, sightseeing, vacation, and so on. A processing industrial park has been


X: 18.591076 Y: 2.1696723 Chapter: 8 Page: 200 Content: established for the demonstration zone, and there are now 13 processing enterprises in the park to carry out further processing of the products from the demonstration zone. This is intended to promote the coordinated development of “the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors”, cultivate industrial clusters, improve the quality and productivity of the industries, and increase the farmers’ income.The establishment of the core demonstration zone of poverty alleviation through developing agricultural and forestry sectors has effectively solved problems in follow-up industrial development for the people relocated from geographically-isolated areas in Tianyang District. First, industrial “enclaves” have been provided to the relocated people through land transfer to cultivate “landless” follow-up industries. Second, households being lifted out of poverty and households under follow-up monitoring were brought into the modern industrial management system through developing a cooperative, intensive and industrialized management mode, which not only solves the technical problems in planting and management faced by poor households, but also eliminates the concerns about product marketing. This has enhanced the confidence of poor households in developing industries, and improved their capability of self-development in poverty alleviation. Third, the coordinated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors has been planned and implemented, having formed industrial clusters, created complete industrial chains, improved the quality and efficiency of industrial development, and consolidated the achievements of poverty alleviation and income increase.


X: 9.786883 Y: 0.7528268 Chapter: 8 Page: 201 Content: GuangxiBamou VillageBamou Village, Wucun Town, Tianyang District, is located in the southern karst Dashi Mountain area with 425 registered households with 1,648 people. Before the battle against poverty was waged, the village lacked infrastructure and fell behind in terms of industrial development. The villagers mainly relied on working in other places, low-efficient agriculture, and subsidies for farmers to support their life. They got stuck in poverty as “the local resources can barely support the local people”. In 2015, there were 254 registered poor households with a poor population of 1,021 poor people in the village, and the poverty headcount ratio was as high as 61.95 percent, which meant it was a deeply impoverished village. In view of the actual conditions of poverty and backwardness, on the basis of accurate identification and registration of targets for poverty alleviation, Bamou Village has insisted on a targeted poverty alleviation and elimination strategy, fully implemented the strategic “five measures for poverty elimination”, focused on solving difficult problems in development, improved areas of weakness in achieving poverty alleviation and prosperity, and realized leap-forward development.A view of Bamou Village now


X: 9.289029 Y: 0.77087355 Chapter: 8 Page: 202 Content: The first measure is to make all efforts to build an operation system for characteristic industries. With the model of “companies + cooperatives + bases + farmers”, the village has transferred land through cooperatives and has invited companies to cooperate in the development of three characteristic industries, namely planting, breeding and tourism. Efforts have been made to drive the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, and the win-win objectives of collective economic growth, increase of the local people’s income and upgrading of industries have been achieved. By leveraging existing resources, the village has built production bases of industries with local characteristics, including a peach and plum base of 500 mu (33.4 hectares), a Camellia oleifera demonstration base of 1,100 mu (73.4 hectares), and a high-standard grape and wild vegetable garden of 150 mu (10 hectares). CR NG Fung has been introduced and built an ecological breeding base for supplying produce to Hong Kong and the Greater Bay area. The village has built concentrated production areas of broilers, laying hens, commercial pigs, beef cattle, etc., and independently developed breeding facilities for delivering 200,000 broilers and 300 fattening cattle every year. Leading tourism enterprises have been invited to develop the 18°C cool spring resort, and the village has also implemented residential renovation projects to create tourism facilities such as homestay, agritainment, and a peach and plum landscape garden. Thus, the tourism industry has been developed meticulously.


X: 9.342433 Y: 0.757967 Chapter: 8 Page: 203 Content: GuangxiBamou Village develops tourism with local characteristicsCR NG Fung’s ecological breeding base for supplying produce to Hong Kong and the Greater Bay area


X: 8.588256 Y: 4.051016 Chapter: 8 Page: 204 Content: The second measure is to make all efforts to transform the appearance and improve the environment in the village. According to the concept of retaining a sense of homesickness and the conviction that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, the village has carried out landscape renovation, built facade renovation, constructed mini vegetable gardens, small greens, small landscape walls, small squares, and started gardening project of courtyard-style and lakeside to create delightful landscapes in front of and behind houses and around the lakes and dams. The village also implemented forest transformation along the mountain trails and along the roads, rural sewage treatment project, pilot program of rural garbage segregation, removing of silt in lake and river, repair of lake dam revetment, construction of lakeside boardwalks and trails, planting of aquatic plants, and purification of water to create a new countryside with a pleasant rural lifestyle.The third measure is to strengthen all efforts to the development of a rural governance system. The village has strictly followed the requirement for rural revitalization with civilized rural customs and effective governance, incorporated the “four governances” concept of autonomy, rule of law, rule with virtue and rule through wisdom into rural governance, to formulate village rules and regulations, establish the common home of Party and the masses, a comprehensive management and service center and a theme park of rule of law culture, hold “the most beautiful” civilization competitions, present deeds of local celebrities, advocate virtues, promote the development of “smart village”, continuously drive the modernization of rural governance, and improve the capability of self-management and self-development.


X: 9.711179 Y: 0.6947868 Chapter: 8 Page: 205 Content: GuangxiBy the end of 2020, all registered poor households, with a total of 254 households consisting of 1,021 people had been lifted out of poverty in Bamou Village. The per capita net income of registered poor households increased from 3,197.5 yuan in 2015 to 11,428 yuan in 2020, effectively improving the stability and sustainability of poverty alleviation results. Bamou Village has successively been named a “National Model Village of Rural Governance”, “National Key Village of Rural Tourism ”, “Five-Star Rural Tourism Area in Guangxi”, “One of the Ten Most Beautiful Countryside Sites in Guangxi”, “Model Village of Beautiful Countryside Development in Guangxi”, one of the “Seventeenth Civilized Villages of the Autonomous Region”, “Red Flag Village of Industrial Prosperity in Baise City”, “Red Flag Ecological Livable Village” and “Red Flag Village of Rural Civilization”.Bamou Village after the improvement of rural environment


X: 9.752961 Y: 0.7315872 Chapter: 8 Page: 206 Content: Mofan VillageIntroduction to the Field Visit Site in Tiandong CountyA panoramic view of Mofan Village at presentMofan Village, Xiangzhou Town, Tiandong County is located in the southwest of the county, consisting of 19 villager groups and has 443 households with 1,804 people. In 2015, there were 62 registered poor households with 206 people in the village, and the poverty headcount ratio was 10.62 percent. The village was identified as a poor village as eight of its villager groups were distributed in the Dashi Mountain area with poor living environment, little infrastructure, weak industrial development and high rate of falling back into poverty because of illness and disaster. Since the battle against poverty was waged, the Mofan Village has developed an innovative model of “Party building + financial measures for poverty alleviation + poverty alleviation through creating new economic activity + poverty alleviation through tourism + consolidation of poverty alleviation results”, and set the goal of “relying on financing to support the battle, getting rid of poverty and striving to be a model”. By giving full play to the financial policy support measures for poverty alleviation, it has focused on developing industries with local characteristics and advantages, built an integrated development system of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, driven the leap-forward development of the entire village, and achieved decisive victory in the battle against poverty.


X: 9.54308 Y: 1.1276371 Chapter: 8 Page: 207 Content: GuangxiThe banana-dragon fruit growing base in Mofan VillageThe first measure is to build bases of industries with local characteristics by leveraging financial measures for poverty alleviation. Considering the advantages of high potential of land remediation and utilization of hilly areas, a long frost-free period in the Bubing Basin, abundant water resources and little impact from typhoons, Mofan Village has seized the opportunities brought about by financial policy support measures for poverty alleviation, motivated and organized farmers to participate in land transfer in an orderly manner, promoted the transformation from “small pieces of land to large pieces of land”, invited leading enterprises to invest in the village for its development, such as building a banana-dragon fruit base. Since 2015, more than 10 leading agricultural enterprises, such as Zhuangxiang Fudi Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., have been introduced to Mofan Village, transferring more than 6,000 mu (400 hectares) of land. With this, the land transfer rate has reached 95.3 percent. By leveraging the loan policies of land management rights mortgage, under financial measures for poverty alleviation, the enterprises have gained more than 100 million yuan of bank loans in total which provided strong financial support for their growth and development. At present, the banana-dragon fruit base has driven the formation of a larger base of industries with local characteristics of 20,000 mu (1333.4 hectares) in the four surrounding villages that created a big platform for farmers in Mofan Villages, and even the eight villages in the Bubing area, which increased their income, thus resulting to poverty eradication.


X: 9.740127 Y: 0.5466821 Chapter: 8 Page: 208 Content: The beautiful Longtan Linghu LakeThe second measure is to promote employment and start-ups by leveraging financial measures for poverty alleviation. Due to the strong support from the financial measures for poverty alleviation, the villagers can receive rent of 1,300 yuan per mu from the enterprises every year. In the past, they earned about 600 yuan from the land by growing sugarcane, corn and other crops. Many members of poor households and ordinary farmers in the area have been working in the base for a long time and the demands for the number of laborers vary depending on the season. In general, it can absorb 200-1,000 laborers a year, and the per capita monthly income is 2,000-5,000 yuan. At the same time, to develop the capability of self-development through financial measures for poverty alleviation for industrial development, Mofang Village supported and helped poor households with industrial projects to make good use of small poverty alleviation loans, and ensured that the loans are available to the whole poor population who are in need of capital to develop their industry, guiding them to accurately use the loans in industrial development, and stimulating the internal impetus of poor households for poverty eradication and getting wealthy. Due to this, 45 households being lifted out of poverty have applied for 3.23 million yuan of small poverty alleviation loans. The projects of poor households for breeding or growing banana, dragon fruit, pigs, cattle, etc., have reached a certain scale, and 100 percent poor households have participated in industrial activities with per capita income increasing by more than 1000 yuan every year. Their mindset and behavior have changed from a passive to a more active player in the fight against poverty.


X: 9.663475 Y: 0.6582015 Chapter: 8 Page: 209 Content: GuangxiThe third measure is to develop tourism with local characteristics for poverty alleviation by leveraging financial measures for poverty alleviation. Considering the existence of caves, where ancient human civilization lived in the Bubing Basin, unique karst landforms, the beautiful Longtan Linghu Lake, and large-scale modern agricultural bases in the village, Mofan Village has been developing rural tourism with local characteristics for poverty alleviation and broadens the income channels for the village’s collective economy and its villagers. After having fully solicited the opinions of the masses, the general Party branch of the village took the lead and invited capable candidates who were doing business outside the county to return home to set up the Mofan Village Xianxiang Feihua Tourism Industry Cooperative for Poverty Alleviation. After several years of construction, the tourist attractions for poverty alleviation have been taking shape. At present, the cooperative has 312 members, including 35 households being lifted out of poverty and households under follow-up monitoring, who have contributed 2.46 million yuan in cash and 40 mu (2.7 hectares) of land. The cooperative has successively obtained more than 20 million yuan under various support policies, revised plans for construction of tourist attractions, built access roads to tourist attractions and the road network around lakes and scenic areas, the folk art performance center, among others. Currently, it is learning from new ideas and new models to build a boutique landscape resort, integrating vacation, health care, leisure and sightseeing, entertainment, etc. Since its operation, it received nearly 400,000 tourists, with total tourism revenues of one million yuan. The lucid waters and lush mountains have demonstrated their role as invaluable assets.The fourth measure is to boost the village’s collective economy by leveraging financial measures for poverty alleviation. Mofan Village has attached great importance to applying the concept of financial measures for poverty alleviation. It has rehabilitated and improved 100 mu of mountainside land owned by the village collective with funds raised from various sources, and leased it to leading enterprises for developing and growing banana. The village collective earns 100,000 yuan for the lease every year. The village supports capable villagers to set up the village’s specialized Tourism Cooperative for Poverty Alleviation. By pooling idle funds of the village’s collective economy, the village took the lead in contributing to the enterprise in order to develop the Longtan Linghu Lake Scenic Area. In 2021, the revenues of the village’s collective economy have reached 200,000 yuan a year.


X: 9.123316 Y: 4.2477326 Chapter: 8 Page: 210 Content: Villagers receive their land transfer fundsVillagers sign land transfer agreements


X: 9.735657 Y: 0.72453505 Chapter: 8 Page: 211 Content: GuangxiThe fifth measure is to drive rural revitalization by leveraging financial measures for poverty alleviation. With funds from the financial measures for poverty alleviation, Mofan Village is actively packaging projects and applying for support under various programs of superior authorities. At present, Mofan Village has secured nearly 20 million yuan under various programs such as the Shenzhen-Baise Collaboration, improvement of living environment, rural revitalization, and improvement of rural landscapes, and invested in the village’s infrastructure, beautification, greening, and transformation of landscapes. It has also explored the “123” method to prevent people from falling back into poverty  and the new rural governance model of “one fortress, three promotions and five strivings”  to make new and greater achievements while effectively connecting poverty alleviation to rural revitalization.1 Mofan Village was lifted out of poverty successfully in 2016. By 2019, all the registered poor households in the village had been lifted out of poverty, and the poverty headcount ratio dropped from 10.62 percent in 2015 to 0 in the year. The per capita disposable income of farmers in the village reached 12,592 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 15 percent in recent five years, while the per capita net income of the farmers increased from 7,216 yuan in 2015 to 15,692 yuan. The annual revenues of the village’s collective economy reached 210,000 yuan. In 2019, Mofan Village was named an “Advanced Collective” in the battle against poverty in the district. In the same year, it was named a “National Model Village of One Product from Each Village” by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the only model village of “Beautiful Guangxi” in Tiandong County in terms of rural development. In 2020, it was named a key village of rural tourism in China, and a demonstration site of leisure agriculture and rural tourism in Guangxi.2 The method of “one fortress, three promotions and five strivings”: “One fortress” means a strong fortress at the grassroots level of the village; “three promotions” means to attract talent, investment and wealth; “five strivings” means to strive to take lead in Party building, enriching the people by developing industries, creating a livable and eco-friendly environment, developing the village through cultural prosperity and implementing effectively governance.Comparison of rural dwellings in Mofan Village in the past and at present12Mofan Village was lifted out of poverty successfully in 2016. By 2019, all the registered poor households in the village had been lifted out of poverty, and the poverty headcount ratio dropped from 10.62 percent in 2015 to 0 in the year. The per capita disposable income of farmers in the village reached 12,592 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 15


X: 9.648287 Y: 0.6537673 Chapter: 8 Page: 212 Content: percent in recent five years, while the per capita net income of the farmers increased from 7,216 yuan in 2015 to 15,692 yuan. The annual revenues of the village’s collective economy reached 210,000 yuan. In 2019, Mofan Village was named an “Advanced Collective” in the battle against poverty in the district. In the same year, it was named a “National Model Village of One Product from Each Village” by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and the only model village of “Beautiful Guangxi” in Tiandong County in terms of rural development. In 2020, it was named a key village of rural tourism in China, and a demonstration site of leisure agriculture and rural tourism in Guangxi.


X: 11.09623 Y: -0.19780241 Chapter: 8 Page: 213 Content: GuangxiZhendong Centralized Resettlement Area for Relocation of Rural Poor for Poverty Alleviation AreasThe Zhendong Centralized Resettlement Area for rural poor relocated from geographically-isolated areas in Longan County is the largest centralized resettlement area for relocation in Guangxi. In 2016, Longan County started to build the Zhendong Centralized Resettlement Area based on the policy under the national poverty alleviation strategy on “facilitating relocation of the rural poor population from geographically-isolated areas with harsh living conditions, fragile ecological environment and frequent natural disasters”, the concept of “poverty alleviation and relocation, eco-friendly migration and urbanization”, and the objectives of relocation regarding “housing, education and employment” in combination with eco-friendly migration. The resettlement area consists of the residential zone, public service zone and industrial development zone. 43 residential buildings have been built with 5,847 units, and 5,847 poor households with 24,423 people from 118 villages have moved in the area. The poor households have finally gotten rid of the “poor locations, root cause of poverty and poor livelihood”. A new immigrant area is emerging on the east bank of the Youjiang River and has become a model for relocation from geographically-isolated areas in Guangxi.Introduction to the Field Visit Sites in Longan CountyZhendong Centralized Resettlement Area in the past