location: , 'Thailand year: 2005 source: HSRI

title: Health promotion and disease prevention service for children from  birth to 5 years old and children's health service behavior under universal health coverage system

abstract: This study was aimed to study the health promotion and disease prevention (HP-DP) service for children from birth to five years old, and the health service behavior of children under universal health coverage policy.  Descriptive design with indepth interviewing was used for data collection.  Subjects were documents, 1000 parents who brought the children to receive HP-DP service,  12 health care providers, and experts.  Data were obtained by using questionnaires and interview guidelines.  Findings were as follow:	1.	All levels of health care service, university, regional and community hospitals and primary care units, have provided HP-DP service in the settings both before and after the institution of the universal health coverage policy.  New institutional policies, guidelines, manpower allocation, staff development or resource allocation were not implemented to support the national policy.  Service was extended to the community as well.  However there was limitation of personnel and time.  Many health care providers did not know about the new benefit package for children from birth to 5 years old.  In addition they had limitations in developmental assessment, developmental stimulation or promotion, developmental promotion corner arrangement and providing recommendations on child rearing.  Thalassemia screening for children whose parents showed traits or had the  disease, and hypothyroid hormone testing for children with indicators,  were rarely done.	2.	The old and new benefit packages for health promotion and disease prevention in children from birth to five years were not much different.  However the services recommended in the United Kingdom and the United States included family history; genetic history; vision and heaving testing; mother-child interaction; details for parental advice for child in each age group concerning food, oral care, accident prevention and developmental promotion; and empowering parents in child care.  The recommended activities were consistent with the recommendations by the Royal College for Pediatricians and experts.	3.	Children’s health service behavior or parents’ behavior in coming for HP-DP service.  Mothers were found to be the ones who brought the child to the well baby clinic more than other persons.  Most mothers were workers, housewives and public servants.  They selected to receive the HP-DP service at the hospitals because their children were born there and they were rear home or office.  Most received services were weight and height measurement, and vaccination.  Developmental assessment and advice on child rearing and developmental promotion were limited.  The health service behavior of children both before and after the universal health coverage policy was not different.  About 53.3 percent of parents felt the same level of satisfaction with the service provided.  The services on height  measurement, vaccination, developmental promotion, health assessment and advice treatment when the child was ill were found to differ statistically significantly  at p <.001


location: , 'Thailand year: 2003 source: HSRI

title: Development of WHO's health state description for Thais

abstract: This study aims at developing the standardized self-reported health state questionnaire that will serve as a tool for collecting valid, reliable and comparable population health data in Thailand. The data regarding population health which will be obtained through the use of this questionnaire will be beneficial for adjusting health policies and programs in Thailand to meet the needs and health problems of the people. In order to accomplish the task, the research team has chosen the WHO’s Health State Description developed under the WHS 2002-2003 project which is considered standardized to be translated into Thai language. After completion of the processes of translation and language adjustment, the questionnaire was tested in the samples which are representative of Thai people characterized by age, sex and socio-economic status. In addition, in order to enhance a cross population comparative quality of the questionnaire, the testing was carried out in 5 provinces where are regarded as Thailand’s cultural specific areas. They include Yala in the South, Chonburi and Bangkok in the Central, Chiang Mai in the North and Ubon Ratchathani in the Northeast. The sample size was 420 covering population in 5 age groups (age 18-29 years-old, 30-44 years-old, 45-49 years-old, 60-69 years-old and over 70 years-old). After collecting, processing and analyzing of the data, the translated questionnaire was reconsidered and adjusted in some specific questions that the given answers show low reliability and consistency. The statistical analysis of the testing indicates that a majority of the respondents gave an answer to each question in eight domains of health in a similar direction. This result shows a consistency and reliability of the translated questionnaire.  Furthermore, the correlation testing demonstrates the consistency and internal validity of questions used in the questionnaire.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2008 source: HSRI

title: Correlation between Capillary Glucose Levels and Plasma Glucose Levels : A Study at Srichiangmai Hospital

abstract: To examine the correlation between capillary whole blood glucose and plasma glucose
determined by a capillary glucose biosensor (Accu-Chek Advantage) and the standard
venous glucose oxidase test, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on
267 diabetic patients who attended the DM Clinic of Srichiangmai Hospital from August
to September 2007. A pair of finger-tip capillary whole blood and venous blood samples were collected from each subject for glucose determination by the capillary glucose biosensor
(Accu-Chek Advantage) and the standard venous glucose oxidase test. Correlation
of the results from both methods was performed by using the correlation coefficient
and linear regression methods.
The mean level of capillary whole blood glucose was 156.08 mg/dl, and of plasma
glucose, 171.73 mg/dl. The mean plasma glucose level was 9.1 percent higher than that of
the capillary whole blood. The correlation coefficient (r) of the two methods was 0.913.
The plasma glucose level may be estimated from the known capillary whole blood glucose
level by the linear regression equation: Y = 0.824X + 14.574.
The glucose levels determined by the capillary glucose biosensor (Accu-Chek Advantage)
correlated well with those obtained by the standard method (Glucose oxidase
test) which represents the actual blood glucose level. Accu-Chek Advantage can be used
for both DM screening and patient follow-up; the actual glucose level, which was determined
by the glucose oxidase technique, can be calculated using the linear regression
equation.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2020 source: HSRI

title: Clinical Outcomes of Peritrochanteric Hip Fracture in the Intermediate Postoperative Care Project between the Regional and District Hospitals in Chiang Rai Province: Preliminary Comparative Results

abstract: Background & Rationale: The peritrochanteric hip fracture or hip fracture in an elder is one of the most fatal orthopedic trauma which needs surgical correction and appropriate rehabilitation after surgery until the patient can live an independent living. This condition causes a prolonged postoperative hospital stay increases postoperative cost crowds out other patients to limited hospital bed and overloads hospital workforces. The intermediate postoperative care project has been developed between the regional and district hospitals in Chiang Rai province to increase the capability of postoperative hip fracture care in district hospitals. The hip fractures patients after surgical treatment in Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital will be referred back to district hospitals for inpatient rehabilitation. This was the way to decrease the postoperative hospital stay and increase clinical outcomes in elderly with hip fractures in Chiang Rai province. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of peritrochanteric hip fracture in the intermediate postoperative care project between the regional hospital and district hospitals in Chiang Rai province. Methodology: This study was a prospective cohort study recruiting hip fractures elderly patients who were assigned to intermediate postoperative care in Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital and district hospitals from February to June 2019. The population in this study covered 91 patients of two medical benefit schemes. There were 27 patients taken care in Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital and 64 patients taken care in district hospitals. Results: The average ages of the elderly patients with hip fractures taken care in Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital and district hospitals were 76.2 and 76.6 years respectively. Most of them (70.4 and 62.5 percent respectively) were suffered from the intertrochanteric area fractures. The percentages of the patients who were operated by the proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) fixation were 59.3 and 64.1. The average length of postoperative hospital stay in Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital was statistically significant lowered from 5.4 to 3.5 days (p=0.001). There were no significant differences in postoperative complications (p=0.305). The activity of daily living scores (Barthel’s index) of the elderly patients on discharge date were 13.6 and 13.3, and at 6 weeks after discharge were at 17.0 and 17.2 respectively (p=0.874). Conclusion: The clinical outcomes of peritrochanteric hip fracture in the intermediate postoperative care project treated at the regional and district hospitals in Chiang Rai province were not different. The project lowered the average length of postoperative hospital stay in Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2011 source: HSRI

title: Alcohol Consumption in Thailand: Results from the 2007 Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Survey

abstract: Objective: The Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Behavior survey (CSAD) has been conducted
by the National Statistical Office every 3-4 years. In 2007, this survey added crucial questions for
alcohol policy, including quantity of drinking, binge drinking and untaxed alcohol consumption. In addition,
it has a large sample size which can represent the population at provincial level. The objective of this
study is to report alcohol consumption behaviors of the Thai population.
Methods: The 2007 CSAD was a stratified two-stage sampling. Data were collected from 79,560
households by structured questionnaire, face-to-face interview during July to September 2007. This study
analyzed data of sample aged 15 years or older [N=168,285]. The data were estimated to represent the
population using sampling weights.
Results: Prevalence of 12-month drinkers, 30-day drinkers, regular (weekly) drinkers, high-risk drinkers,
binge drinkers, and drink-driving was 30.0%, 21.1%, 16.4%, 2.8%, 4.9% and 10.1% respectively. 12.9%
of underage people (<20 years) reported consuming alcohol in the last 12 months. Alcohol drinkers were
highly prevalent in a group of people who were male, aged 20-49 years, married, low educated, middleincome
level, agriculture and labor, and living in rural area and the North and Northeast. Among all
provinces, prevalence of alcohol drinkers was highest in North provinces. The most consumed alcoholic
beverage was beer, followed by white spirits and colored spirits. Prevalence of untaxed alcohol drinkers
was 2.4% (2.3% for domestic products drinkers and 0.2% for imported products drinkers). Estimated
untaxed consumption was 4.7% of total alcohol consumption.
Discussion: The findings of this study illustrate situation of alcohol consumption of the Thai population
and critical information to be used for evaluation and monitoring in populations and provinces
with high prevalence of alcohol use.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2008 source: HSRI

title: Health Research System for Sustainable Health Reform in Thailand

abstract: During the past two decades health research has contributed substantially to health system development in Thailand. Health system has been increased its system complexity and thus increases demand for
health research for further development. This paper is aimed to explore the current health research system
in Thailand and its capacity to cope with the increasing demand. Literature review and in-depth interview of key informants were used for data collection. In addition, a series of brain-storming meetings and
a synthesis workshop were organized to help analysis and to draw recommendations for future development.
It was found that the national health research system was facing many problems including lack of
leadership, limited health research resources both research budget and health researchers with inefficient
use. Strengths of the system which could be a foundation for future development included an establishment of autonomous research funding agencies which created a productive working environment for
health researchers to work effectively and a new working model called “triangle that moves the mountain” which involved stakeholders and civic groups in the research management process which could
promote research utilization and health system change based on knowledge. In addition, capacity building has been shifted from a conventional formal training model to on the job training under mentorship of
senior health researchers.
It is recommended that capacity building of health researchers is urgently needed and this has to be
done on the job-training basis. Mobilization of additional research budget is needed not only for supporting more research studies required for on-going health system reforms but also for capacity building. A
possible solution for mobilizing addition research budget is through making research more responsive to
demand of other public organizations. Using earmarked budget, 1 percent of total health budget, by enactment of the National Health Research Bill could be a long term solution and needs a strong political
support. Research management system needs to be strengthened through competent research managers.
Increasing management capacity of these research managers needs a special training programme and
research management tools. Finally, strengthening leadership of national health research system needs a
structural reform. However, a temporary solution is to use an existing health research funding agency to
perform this leading function with an acceptance of other health research funding agencies


location: , 'Thailand year: 2007 source: HSRI

title: Risk Factors Causing Persistence of Stress after Flood Disaster Stress in Ang Thong Province

abstract: Following a flood disaster in 2006, the victims suffered both physical and mental
affliction because of the loss of their property and loved ones.  Post-disaster stress persisted in some persons.  We, therefore, conducted this study to determine what risk factors are related to the maintenance of postflood disaster stress on people in Pamoke district.  We also studied the relationship between remainder stress and socio-demographic
factors, health status and psychosocial factors. The subjects comprised 61 people who
suffered stress from a flood in 2006 in Pamok district.   General Health Questionnaire 12
Plus R (GHQ-12 Plus-R) was used for this study.  The frequency, percentage, odds ratio
(OR) and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data.  The results showed that the risk
factors for post-flood disaster stress were age over 60 years and lacking income.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2008 source: HSRI

title: Multidimensional Evaluation of lodine Deficiency in Residents of Dansai District, Loei Province

abstract: Formerly, the programs for the elimination of iodine deficiency disorder in Thailand
had used the total goiter rate in school children as an indicator for evaluating the
program. That indicator showed improvement, from 19.3 percent in 1989 to 1.31 percent
in 2003. However, for protection against brain damage from iodine deficiency, importance
must be given to the transfer of thyroid hormones across the placenta even during
early gestation. Thus, the ultimate focus must be women who are going to be pregnant,
pregnant women and neonates. The criteria recommended by WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD
are salt iodization, proportion of households consuming effectively iodized salt > 90 percent,
median urinary iodine in school age children > 10 μg/dl, thyroid size in school age
children, proportion with enlarged thyroid by ultrasound or palpation < 5 percent and
neonatal TSH, proportion with levels > 5 mU/l whole blood < 3 percent.
The present study took for examination thyroid size and collected blood and urine
specimens for TSH, thyroid function test, urinary iodine in many age groups both from
the hospital and the community in 1998 and 2003. The results showed that the goiter rate
in school age children by ultrasound decreased from 5.1 percent in 1998 to 0.5 percent in
2003, but this proportion was not similar to those identified according to thyroid size by
palpation i.e., 16.1 percent in 1998 and 21.4 percent in 2003. Median urinary iodine in
2003 in the subjects in age groups 0-1 year, 1-3 years, 4-6 years, 6-12 years, pregnant women
and elderly persons were 12.44, 15.49, 15.44, 15.31,11.30, 5.52 μg/dl, respectively. The levels
seemed to decline when compared with the 2003 findings of 19.62, 19.06, 15.83, 46.92,
7.17 μg/dl respectively. Neonatal TSH (serum based) >11.25 μlU/ml in 2003 were 26
percent, which showed that our area was a moderate iodine deficiency disorder area.
This might be caused by unsatisfied coverage with iodized salt at 45 percent.
In this study, most outcome indicators achieved the criteria, but the impact indicator
was unsatisfied in neonatal TSH. Accordingly, a process indicator such as coverage of
salt iodization showed the failure to achieve the criteria. Therefore, Dansai Crown Prince
Hospital would analyze the data in each community and show those data to people in the
community in order to solve this problem. We recommend that every district follow the
multidimensional evaluation of iodine deficiency disorder continuously as process, outcome
and impact indicators.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2021 source: HSRI

title: Development of test kit for detection of Nucleophosmin1 (NPM1) gene mutation in acute myelogenous leukemia patient for precision medicine

abstract: Mutations of nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene represent the most frequent molecular alteration in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), especially in the AML patients with normal karyotype. Moreover, NPM1 gene mutations have been shown to carry favorable prognostic significance in AML. Therefore, Screening of NPM1 mutations show valuable clinical importance in terms of risk assessment and treatment decisions of physician in AML patients. In this study, we developed a in house test kit for detection of NPM1 gene mutation cover 4 types (type A, B, D and type J) in 1 reaction based on Enhanced-improved and complete enrichment-co amplification at lower denaturation temperature-polymerase chain reaction (E-ice-COLD-PCR) combined with High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Method: For E-ice-COLD-PCR, blocker probe is very importance to block wild-type amplification. Blocker probe hybridized complete match with wild-type sequence while incomplete match with mutant sequence. After critical temperature step in each cycle, blocker probe allows completely denature mutant-blocker probe heteroduplex while wild-type-blocker probe heteroduplex remain strongly hybridized, which only allow the amplification of mutant. The PCR reaction was performed using 1x NPM1 HRM master mix, 400 nM of NPM-LNA probe, 5 ng of genomic DNA and sterile water with a total reaction volume of 25 μL. The thermocycling program consisted of an initial denaturation at 95°C for 3 min followed by 40 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 5 s, probe hybridization at 70°C for 30 s, critical denaturation at 88°C for 40 s, primer annealing at 60°C for 10 s and extension at 72°C for 30 s, with a final extension at 72°C for 3 min. The final step was melting curve with continuous increase in temperature from 65°C to 85°C (0.2°C per acquisition, 5 s hold before each acquisition) by using CFX96 Touch Real-Time PCR or Mini MJ Thermal Cycler (conventional PCR machine) A total of 83 AML blood samples from Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital were evaluated by NPM1 HRM master mix, standard PCR and direct sequencing. Results: we show herein 2x NPM1 HRM master mix exhibited similar sensitivity and specificity with direct sequencing. NPM1 mutations were detected in 9 of 83 AML patients with 2x NPM1 HRM master mix. Moreover, The PCR products from E-ice-COLD PCR were confirmed by direct sequencing. The result show that 100% concordance with E-ice-COLD-PCR assay and direct sequencing with type A mutation and easily to interpretation. Interestingly, The PCR products from standard PCR show that 8 of 83 patients were positive. One sample showed inconsistent result between standard PCR assay and direct sequencing. Perhaps, the low level of mutations in wild-type background interferes the direct sequencing led to verification of the mutation sample as wild-type. Therefore, performing E-ice-COLD-PCR prior to direct sequencing allow substantial increasing the limit of detection of direct sequencing. Conclusions: Compared to standard PCR and direct sequencing, a new test kit, 2x NPM1 HRM master mix was shown to detect mutations in the NPM1 gene cover 4 types in 1 reaction. Moreover, E-ice-COLD- PCR is a PCR-based method that can be use for enrichment low level of mutated in mixtures of wild-type and mutant allele. E-ice-COLD PCR protocol can easily be integrated in the routine molecular diagnosis of AML using Real-time PCR or conventional PCR machine.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2008 source: HSRI

title: Results of a Diabetic Patient Care System Development at Health-care Service Network of Kantang Hospital, Kantang District, Trang Province

abstract: The objective of this study was to explore the performance of the diabetic patients’
care system that referred patients to the primary care unit (PCU) in the Kantang network
health service one year ago. It was to compare the output of care between, before and
after patients were referred for diabetic care from Kantang Hospital to the PCU. A self-administered questionnaire, using the PRECEDE PROCEED Model, was used
among 14 PCU personnel and 97 patients between October 1 and 31, 2007. The study
found that most of the participants were in the age group 41-55 years (40.2%), females
reprecented the majority of them at 79.4 percent, couples at 81.4 percent, the level of education
at the primary school level at 76.3 percent, agricultural occupation at 32.0 percent,
duration of disease 1-5 years at 83.5 percent. The participants with no related disease
comprised 51.5 percent of the total; those with hypertension, 32.0 percent, normal body
mass index (BMI), 55.7 percent and higher level at 41.2 percent. The levels of blood sugar
both before and after referral were not different. Loss to follow-up after referral decreased
significantly (p-value < 0.05). The level of knowledge about diabetes was found to be at
high at 76.63 percent. With regard to the level of behavior for diabetic control, the highest
behavior was drug use at 92.58 percent; the least behavior that patients performed was
exercise activity at 52.80 percent. The association between knowledge and behavior with
regard to eating, drug use and general health care was moderate, but with stress management,
low there seemed to be no effect on exercise activity behavior. Concerning the
service that patients got at the PCU after referral, almost all items were high at more than
90 percent, except participation in group practice activity, which was moderate at 14.4
percent. The level of the patients’ satisfaction toward the service was found to be moderate
to high, at 86.94 percent.
The overall findings indicated that the output of care both at the DM clinic in the
hospital and the PCU was not different; thus, this system can continue to perform but
there should be concern about the problems and attendance.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2006 source: HSRI

title: Buddhist empowerment for people with disabilities: Case studies in Bangkok and neighboring areas

abstract: The study aims at analyzing Buddhist teachings, way of thinking and attitudes to supporting human dignity and self development in the disabled. The research also focuses on the disabled’s attitudes and expectations towards religious communities.
	The study methodology included documentary research and field work by participating, non participating observations and in depth interviews of 20 disabled persons and others living in Bangkok and suburbs. The results of this study are as follows. The “Etemal Principle” of Buddhist teaching never considers disability as a limitation for spiritual development in order to attain the highest goal, nirvana. However, some teaching and some monastic rules exclude religious participation, space and rights to the disabled e.g. ordination may be related to social and culture context. These problematic context may be the teachings in the level of cultural expression’. The disabled and society should be aware of there two levels of teachings. The disabled and society should also understand Buddhist teachings, such as the law of Kamma and Paticcisamuppade, holistically in order that a may empower human dignity and security of the disable and may support the both disable and society. It may also be good to reconsider the issues of ordinary in order to find a solution without offering monastic rules. Furthermore, dialogue between the disabled society and network should be held with the cooperation of the religious community. New technology for learning Buddhist teaching should also be produced it order to empower disabled to lead a perfect, happy and fruitful life. These factors may lead to higher level of self development.
	The result of the in-dept interviews indicated that the disabled negative perspectives towards themselves. Society does not offer good opportunity for them. The religious community (Sangha) is not yet able respond to the disabled as the source of Dhamman therapy, natural therapy and community therapy.
	The suggestions are: religious personnel and human resources in the religious community should change and develop positive attitudes, ways of thinking and the proper ability to empower.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2008 source: HSRI

title: Development of elderly network in Sangkha district, Surin province

abstract: There is a growing number of elderly people in Thailand nowadays. This study
was aimed at investigating the situation and problems of promoting a network of aging
groups in Sangkha district, Surin Province. The study sample consisted of 39 public health
officials in Sangkha district and committee members of Sangkha’s aging groups by staging
for survey data, planning, doing and assesing the findings on the elderly at three
community levels, i.e., village, subdistrict and district. Activities in the group emphasized
religion, occupation, economy, and health linked to physical exercise and psychological
support. Suggestions were put forward that the elderly could develop their own
group, which would enhance their pride and be the best adaptation in their lives.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2000 source: HSRI

title: Australian health systems

abstract: The Australian Health System:case study of health care technology assessment system, the system of health care complaints, community involvement in health policy development and the development of health manpower	The main purposes of doing the review of particular components of the Australian health system were to look into its development experiences and various features as time went by. This review was aimed at reviewing Australian health care technology assessment system, the system of health care complaints, community involvement in health policy development and the development of health manpower. 	Health care technology assessment is considered as part of doing the policy research through these following stages : determining what health care technology should be assessed, evaluating various impacts resulted from using a particular technology, reporting the results and giving policy recommendation to policy makers and disseminating them to public. 	The development of the health care complaint system in Australia is basically on the principles which are the fault-based system with avoidable injuries and the no-fault based system with unavoidable injuries. There are a number of degrees of complaints process in Australia. If the injuries caused by no one’s fault, the case would be ended after both parties, the patient and the provider, reached an agreement. If the patient wonders his or her injuries or lost benefits were caused by the wrongdoing of the provider, he or she may report to the registration board to which the provider is registered. The board will set up the Medical Tribunal composed of the judge, the representative from the same specialty of the provider and the consumer representative. The tribunal will consider the case and if the provider did the wrong action to cause harm for the patient, the penalty will impose on the provider. Nevertheless, compensation for the patient can not be sought out through this process.	Community involvement has been increasingly used for developing health policy and implementing health policy in order to increase responsiveness to communities’ needs and to support decentralised management of health system. The WHO also supported this approach by considering it as one of the important strategies of health promotion and prevention. The Australian Commonwealth Government has put that strategy into practice by setting up the Consumers’ Health Forum (CHF) as a channel for NGOs and communities to be part of health policy development. 	The last context reviewed in this report is health manpower development in which the report specifically picks up the development of general practitioners in Australia. To promote more integrated and efficient health care system, the Commonwealth Government set up the review committee to determine Australian GP’s problems. Originally, the necessity of determining GP problems was actually called out by the Australian Health Ministers’ Conference. The review committee was composed of technicians from the supply side and representatives from consumer groups and the central government and state governments. The Australian GP development was started from the trial projects in several areas around the country so as to seek suitable models and develop general practitioners’ skills and capacity to cope with changes.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2008 source: HSRI

title: Propagation of Knowledge about Poisonous Plants and Animals in a Community through Simple Civil Society

abstract: This study was undertaken to determine qualitative data pertaining to the availability, beliefs, attitudes,
and utilization of poisonous plants and animals in a community using group discussion, followed
by an assessment of the efficiency of conveying the knowledge by civil society. The format was a quasiexperimental
research approach in 11 villages in Khukhan district, Sisaket Province. The experiment was
conducted by means of a stratified random sampling procedure; 120 samples were retrieved. The data
obtained were statistically assessed in respect of frequency, percentage, means plus or minute the standard
deviation, and paired t-test for comparison.
The results showed that, among the 23 kinds of poisonous plants and animals studied, jatropha,
tapioca, toad, Copelandia cyaneseens, Russula emetica, and Phaeogyroporus portentosus were present in
every village in the fields, around temples and residences, etc. This finding, together with the traditional
beliefs and attitudes of the villagers regarding poisonous plants and animals, could possibly lead to a
health risk for the community. After utilizing simple civil society communication, the study group had
shown significantly increased knowledge (p <0.05). The factors affecting the result of the learning process
included language and the villagers’ traditional beliefs and attitudes. Although the statistical increase
was not distinctive, the propagation of knowledge on poisonous plants and animals among the community
through a simple civil society was a learning strategy that was related to some extent to the educational
level in the community with regard to the local villagers in their own community. Furthermore, this
type of learning strategy may also be adapted for utilization in other public health-related work.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2023 source: HSRI

title: Exploring Hospital Resources in Providing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

abstract: Background: Acute kidney injury can occur from many reasons. As a result, the body cannot excrete wastes from the body. In Thailand, the number of acute kidney injury patients accessing renal replacement therapy show a decreasing trend with two potential assumptions: true reduction in the number of patients; or inaccessible to the treatment. There are no measures from relevant agencies to address this problem, in addition to different service systems even in the same service providers. Moreover, the reimbursement for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) does not reflect the actual cost of the service. Objective: The objective of this study was to survey the hospital resources for providing CRRT in Thailand. Methods: The study used data from a document review and secondary data from a previous study in Thailand including distribution of hospitals, medical personnel training information and characteristics of patients receiving services. A questionnaire survey on CRRT services in 280 public and private hospitals registered to the National Health Security System in the fiscal year 2020 was undertaken. Results: The survey revealed that hospitals were capable of providing CRRT services to more patients if the reimbursement to hospital increased to an average of 25,563 baht per patient. Given the appropriate reimbursement rates for CRRT services, 88% of the hospitals could provide services to more number of patients with acute kidney injury in critical periods, leading to greater access to CRRT.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2002 source: HSRI

title: The suffering of Thai people within the health system

abstract: The Suffering of Thai People Within the Health SystemThe Suffering of Thai People Within the Health System is a study that utilizes a qualitative and case study research study design. The data for this study were collected from in-depth interviews of eight marginalized groups including elderly, disabled people, people with kidney problem, chronic patients, people with HIV/AIDS, migrant workers, homeless children, women who are violence victims, and patients who are victims of medical malpractice.	The study specifically focused on: 1) suffering of Thai people from different perspectives, namely social, economic, political, cultural and medical aspects; 2) the coping processes for their suffering caused by different problems, within the context of the existing health and social system of individuals; 3) the social support and social service mechanisms that exist, and the result from these systems. The study of marginalized groups will reflect the nature of their coping with suffering and the context of the existing social structure and services in which they exist. The study found that the nature of suffering includes: 1) physical suffering that includes illnesses that happen which are more severe than those usually experienced by middle class people; 2) psychological suffering resulting from abandonment from family members, feeling of being their family’s burden; 3) social suffering from being in an unjust social and cultural system were exploitation, gender inequality, social stigmatization, and dehumanization exist to varying degrees. These are all factors that exacerbate the victims’ physical and psychological suffering.	 How to Cope with Suffering 	The studied population coped with their own suffering alone. They lack social capital and family support. Most of them are faced with abandonment from the community and society, and they lack knowledge and skills in self-care practices. They were poor and disadvantaged and they must struggle to survive day by day. These life conditions deliberately or non-deliberately cause them to get more and more sickness. The study found patterns of coping strategies including utilizing existing medical and social health services from government and non-government sectors, self-care practices, alternative medicine such as traditional Thai and Chinese herbal medicine, witchcraft, and monk healers. Some victims cope with their suffering by listening to the Thamma, becoming a monk, or interpreting their own suffering as their own karma and accepting it.Medical and Social Services		Support from medical and social services from both government and non-government organizations for the marginalized groups does exist to some degree. The existing problems with these services include:  lack of collaboration in working together; lack of provision of information related to patient’s rights and welfare needed for the patients; lack of sensitivity to the patient’s needs and problems; having discriminatory attitudes toward patients; lack of responsibility in following health professional ethics and principles; and using economic criteria to judge patient’s rights to receive services.RecommendationsForm the study, it should be pointed out that the suffering of the Thai people is not only caused from the medical system but also from the social and cultural systems of the country. Health system reform alone is not enough to solve the problem of suffering of the Thai people. The solution of this problem is also social and educational reform for the existing unjust society.For the government sector, the state must have mechanisms to decrease the gap between the poor and the rich, and reforming the health services and information provided to the patients to make it accessible and equitable. The state should strengthen the capacity of the people to utilize self-care practices. The critical solution is the reform of the existing policy-related structures that are obstacles for the marginalized groups to achieve well-being. Reforming health policy should be similar to the reformation of social policy including providing information and fundamental human rights to the public. Advocacy procedures should be understandable and practical. Partnership between government and non-government sectors should be emphasized. Civil society, especially family, should play a major role in supporting the patients. The community members should create support mechanisms among themselves to take care of their own health, economic and social problems; so that the need to depend on government can be decreased.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2021 source: HSRI

title: The Lesson Learned of Implementation Role for Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Communities Among Village Health Volunteers in North Eastern, Thailand

abstract: This research aimed to explore the roles of village health volunteers (VHV), implement processes of surveillance, prevention and control (IPC) of COVID-19 in communities among Village Health Volunteers (VHV) with key success factors and barriers. Moreover, policy suggestions were provided. This research captured lessons learned in 5 steps: define the project; collect data; verify and synthesize; store and disseminate. Methodological approaches were quantitative and qualitative parts. Surveys of 207 VHV took place in February-May 2021. Participants were recruited to take part in-depth interviews that they were VHV, policy makers and executive committees of Center of Disease Control (COVID-19 situation administration) at level of Province, District, and Sub-district in Health Region 7,8,9,10. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and multiple logistic regression. Content analysis of interview transcripts identified IPC implement processes of COVID-19, key success factors and barriers. Findings showed that VHV had worked on 5 IPC components including searching and screening for COVID-19 in high-risk groups (97.6%), home visits for person who might have been exposed to COVID-19 (89.4%), collaborated with other organizations (87.9%), completed a record and reported (86.0%), reported and separate of high-risk groups (84.5%). Regarding to IPC of COVID-19 implementation, the level of implementation was top-down direction from national policy to area based practices. The factors statistically significantly related to IPC practices in communities were occupation, Public Health Region and multiple communication channels to the communities. It was found that the farmers VHV took place on 5 components of IPC 6.87 times more regularly than those who had other occupations (95% CI 2.63-17.91, p-value<0.001). VHV working for the Public Health Region 9 had 2.76 times more regularly in practice than other Northeastern Region (95% CI 1.17-6.53, p-value 0.021). The VHV who used more than 5 channels in provided information of COVID-19 to local people in communities included home visit; local audio announcement; leaflet; documents; and online media had 3.98 time more regularly in practices than VHV who used less than 5 channels to communicate in publicly (95% CI 1.61-9.84, P-Value 0.003). VHV who had the role to coordinate with local team network had more 6.55 time than VHV who did not take action on this role. (95% CI 0.88-48.59, P-Value 0.066). In the implement policy to practice, VHV were key persons working on control COVID-19 in their villages. They had kept taking steps to protect themselves avoiding exposure to the virus, Home visit by knocking the door with team network. Key success factors were VHV were local people with high intention, collaboration with team network and village people. VHV got facilities both financial and none-financial support, and monitoring. VHV had some barriers of their works such as their knowledge and skills of IPC, unclear IPC guidelines, level of corporate from other organizations, unclear information of policy implementation, Inadequate supplies of appropriate IPC devices, and unawareness from people. Therefore, the development should be composed of redesign of administration, capacity building providing for VHV, the support of facilities, the management of health information technology, and collaboration with network.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2020 source: HSRI

title: Policy development for enhancing incentives for human resources for health to work in the rural and remote areas to support primary care services

abstract: The problem of shortage of human resource for health (HRH) in remote areas has been concerned for decades. Providing financial and non-financial incentives is one of the effective solutions. The objectives of this study include (1) to indicate incentives and quality of life of HRH working on remote areas and (2) to develop policies for motivating HRH to be willing to working in remote areas. The quantitative and qualitative research has been used. We used qualitative method for development of attributes and response level for an analysis of Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE). The DCE was conducted into two groups: group 1 - physicians, dentists and pharmacists; and group 2 - nurses and multidisciplinary team. The thematic analysis and conditional logit regression model were used for qualitative research and DCE, respectively. Regarding results from qualitative analysis, the attributes influencing decision making of HRH working in remote areas include income, workload, self development, working in hometown, horizontal relationship, good facilities (e.g. electricity, water supply, especially the internet that is important for work and recreational activities), having a safe and convenient house, being instilled as government official, clean environment and family issues. The results from conditional logit regression model determine that workload, convenient stores, and private accommodation are important incentives, however, the most important attribute was income. It was found that if they got income a 40% higher than friends working in urban areas, they had 4.2 times more chance to work in remote areas; If a 60% higher, 8.3 times more chance to work in remote areas. For Nurses and multidisciplinary team, workload, self development, working in hometown, living in private accommodation, being instilled as government official, especially income are important incentives. It was confirmed that income is the most important incentive to motivate HRH working in remote areas. The current incentive policy of providing subsidy for HRH working remote areas should be remained. Another policy to be considered is providing scholarship to local students to work in their hometown as well as providing private accommodation to meet requirement of workers. This policy can be managed at the level of provinces and regions.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2008 source: HSRI

title: Distribution and Workload of Thai Dental Nurses in a Primary Care Unit in 2006

abstract: This study was aimed at surveying the distribution of dental hygienists and their job identification
in a primary care unit (PCU) in 2006. Also, a dental health workforce database of the Division of Dental
Health, Department of Health, was updated for 2006, using a questionnaire survey on the working status of dental nurses dispatched to 450 PCUs in Thailand’s 75 provinces. Almost all (94.9%) responded to the
questionnaire. The analysis revealed that 97 percent of the dental nurses in Thailand in 2006 were working
under the Ministry of Public Health and 95.9 percent of their workplaces were outside Bangkok. These
included 55.7 percent working in community hospitals and 32.5 percent in PCUs. The ratio nationwide of
dental nurses increased from 1:21,331 in 2002 to 1:16,883 in 2006, excluding Bangkok. Among those working
in PCUs, the workload of those involved in oral health care to other types of care was 3:1 in terms of
time sharing. The proportion of jobs in curative care, promotion and prevention, and proactive services
was cited as 3:1:1. With regard to workforce in capacity-building, training is required in (1) oral health
promotion and proactive activities, (2) oral health prevention and disease control, (3) health literacy and
communication, (4) project planning, management and evaluation according to local priorities, and (5)
first-aid treatment.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2000 source: HSRI

title: Pharmaceutical registration policy in Thailand : development and implementation

abstract: This research seeks to fill the gap in knowledge on pharmaceutical registration policy in Thailand, by
using a mixture of public and health policy analysis and technical aspects, and focuses on content,
context, actor and process. The two specific questions are; (a) what is pharmaceutical registration
policy in Thailand? (b) What are the factors influencing the pharmaceutical registration policy process?
The thesis focuses on both policy development and the implementation process.
The objectives of pharmaceutical registration policy in Thailand had been found to be unbalanced;
focusing more on access and obscuring the general goal of quality, safety and efficacy. A survey of
tracer drug registration (1983-1997) found that the registration system in Thailand has double
standards between new and non-new drugs, with little success in re-evaluation of previous registered
drugs. The research showed a large variation in registration time (1-2147 days), a high number of
approved drugs, contrasted with few rejected or withdrawn. Hence the Thai registration system may
be described as ‘entrepreneurial and permissive’ or as taking a ‘laissez-faire’ approach.
This research has identified four main groups of factors that led to the failure of implementation. First,
policy on registration was not well developed because of the unbalanced influences of different actors
with varying powers; this was reflected too in the implementation process, which was also influenced
by a variety of actors. Second, there are continuing technical weaknesses in the drug regulatory
structure and process. Third, the advisory consultative process in the registration system was not well
managed. Fourth, key actors’ attitudes and perceptions, and organisational hierarchy had an important
influence on decision-making. On the basis of the understanding of these weaknesses, it may be
possible to introduce new potential measures in the future.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2015 source: HSRI

title: Factors Relating to Access of Medical Rehabilitation Services Amongst the People with Mobility Impairment

abstract: The methodology of this research was a Mixed method ,combination of survey research and In-depth
interview. The Objective to study medical rehabilitation services situation , to study factors relating to access
of medical rehabilitation service amongst people with mobility impairment and to utilize information for
policy planning in the aspect of development of the service system. A sample of people with mobility
impairment were drawn using multi-stage sampling from 10 provinces in 4 regions of Thailand. The samples
used in the research were 400. The questionnaire was used to collect the data from June to September
2013.The response rate was 97.25%. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, t –
test, F test, chi-square test, and Forward stepwise logistic regression analysis. The study results situation of 26
items of rehabilitation services, service sectors can provide only some items. The most accessibility of service
consist of evaluation, medication and advice & councelling. While the less accessibility consist of vocational
rehabilitation, skill & knowledge training for care giver and social skill training for people with mobility
impairment. Correlation factors according to rehabilitation accessibility consist of gender, medical right, type
of impairment, onset of disability, travelling to the health service and public facilities. These factors can be
used as a predictor of rehabilitation accessibility at 14.5 percentage.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2000 source: HSRI

title: Research in farmer's self-protection for pesticides poisioning in amphur Nonsaat changwat Udornthani

abstract: This study was aimed at elaborating prevention behaviours from pesticide poisoning among farmers in Amphur Nonsa-aad, Udonthani province. The study was cet in 6 villages from which 293 farmers having used organophosphate and organocarbamate pesticides were recruited. Of these users, 100 used only organophosphates, 14 used only organocarbamate, 179 used both. Survey of preference of brands used was found that Decarbam 50 and Furadan 3% were the most popular pesticides(46.79% and 45.39% respectively). Others were Folidon E 605(27.3%), Spato(17.41%), Anthracil 60(12.29%). Vegetables most frequently used of pesticides were Tang-ran-yai(Curcumis sativas)(74.74%) and Tang-tai(Curcumis melo)(74.74%). Others were long bean(22.87%), waterrmelon(19.8%), chilli(10.92%). Blood cholinesterase in farmers was also tested using ‘reactive paper’ before and after spraying pesticides for 2 – 4 hours.        Prevention behavious from pesticide poisoning of farmers were categorised in this study into 3 stages of practice, i.e., preparation, spraying and after spraying. Same data were collected using 2 methods, i.e., from in-depth interview and a direct observation.         From interviewing, inappropriate practices among 293 farmers in the preparation stage were found in mixing of pesticides(2%), gloves wearing(48.1%), masks wearing(36.2%). After spraying, inappropriate practices were found such as equipment used(0.7%), clothing(11.9%), gloves wearing(35.2%), shoes wearing(39.9%), walking direction according to wind(44.4%), eating and drinking food or smoking(24.4%). After spraying, inappropriate practices were found. These were bathing(20.8%) and clothes changing(7.8%).         From direct observation, inappropriate practices among 34 users in the preparation stage were found in gloves wearing(67.6%) and mask wearing(52.9%). During spraying stage, inappropriate practices were found about clothing(11.8%), gloves wearing(61.8%), mask wearing(50.0%), shoes wearing(44.1%), walk direction according to wind(38.2%), eating and drinking food or smoking(23.5%). After spraying, inappropriate practices were found in bathing(41.2%), clothes changing(8.8%).         Deviation in percentage found between the 2 methods may have been due to practicing from different frame and2or that some farmers gave answers for an interview different from the real practices.         Blood cholinesterases found before spraying period from 239 farmers were in ‘in-risk’ and ‘not-safe’ levels for 41.0%. After spraying pesticides for 2 – 4 hours, blood cholinesterases of 43 users were ‘in-risk’ and ‘not-safe’ levels for 53.49%. When the blood cholinesterases were compared within the same users of 24 farmers, 41.6% was found in ‘in-risk’ and ‘not-safe’ levels before spraying period and the number was increasing to be 58.4% after spraying.          Symptoms after spraying were described by farmers in orderly. These were headache(43.3%), nausea2vomiting(11.3%), dyspnea(8.2%), sweating(6.8%), tremor(6.5%), saliva increasing(6.5%) and moth dryness(5.1%).          The study concluded that farmers had inappropriate prevention behaviours from pesticide poisoning in all the three stages of practice, i.e., in preparation, spraying and after spraying pesticides. The decrease in blood cholinesterases after spraying pesticides 2 – 4 hours go along with these inappropriate practices.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2015 source: HSRI

title: A Production Trend on Health Manpower under Praboromarajchanok Institute for Health Workforce Development

abstract: Thailand has experience of health care reform for a decade. Therefore health care services require more new health workers with more capabilities and competencies according to the changes in the system. Praboromarajchanok Institute for Health Workforce Development (PIHWD) is a government organization and responsible for production and development of health workforce to serve the needs of the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH). This qualitative research was designed to study health workforce needs, the desirable competencies of the graduates and distribution of health workforce who graduated from Sirindhorn College of Public Health under PIHWD, MoPH including Bachelor degree in Community Public Health, Community Dental Public Health and a high class certificate of Pharmacy Technician. Data were collected by in-depth interviews and focus groups discussion between June and October 2558. The purposive sampling was applied and 8 provincials were determined by using geographic information system (GIS) distribution of health workforce. The samples consisted of executive’s administrator from Ministry of Public Health, PIHWD and Provincial, District and Sub-district of Public Health Offices. They were also chiefs of Local Authority, supervisors and co-workers of the graduates and local people. Content analysis was applied using transcriptions from audio recordings and memory information. Data summary were then classified and interpreted for research conclusion. The study showed that most executives have commented that three professionals’ health workers are still shortage consideration by using GIS and the hourly rate equivalent employees (FTE). The distribution of health workforce of these programs is disproportion mainly in the central region where is densely than in the Northeast. In addition, the retention rate in position was decreased because of the lack of motivation at work. Producing health workforce of the 3 programs should come from Sirindhorn College of Public Health under PIHWD because of the expertise of the staffs and they provide specific training programs that serve community needs, especially bachelor of community dental public health and a high class certificate of pharmacy technician. These are the only programs that have been produced in Thailand. The desirable performances of the health workers are not only
their specific health professionals. They should have a new set of the 2 1 st century
skills including learning, literacy and life skill such as abilities of leadership,
Knowledge Management, conducting research, plan strategic, information technology
and necessary languages. The results indicated that the production of health
workforce is still the needs in order to serve the changes of health care system.
Stake holders who are involved should consider various factors that come into effect
on the production of health workforce. Thus, a mechanism for driving the
development of research on the health professionals from three programs should
continue and systematic develop in order to force the policy into practice, literally.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2015 source: HSRI

title: Disabled Persons Satisfaction with Rehabilitation and Assistive Devices Services Provided by Public Hospital in 8 Provinces

abstract: Patient satisfaction on health service is derived from direct experience and expectation of patients,
which directly relates to therapeutic compliance. Results of patient satisfaction can be used in developing the health service system. This study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction of disabled persons on the
rehabilitation and assistive device services, where they were provided in government hospitals. This study
used a structural questionnaire together with face-to-face interview by trained staff and collected satisfaction
information from disabled persons who used rehabilitative or assistive device services at the regional
or general hospitals and community hospitals in 8 provinces, namely Phrae, Phitsanulok, Maha Sarakham,
Roi Et, Lop Buri, Samut Prakan, Surat Thani and Trang. The study evaluated 7 dimensions (with 1-4
sub-dimensions), namely, interpersonal manner, quality of care, service accessibility, finance, environment,
adequacy of providers and equipment, and outcome of services. The data from 244 disabled
persons found that average score of satisfaction in all dimensions was 3.77 out of 5. Interpersonal manner
and quality of care were the dimensions that got the highest score at 4.14 each, while the finance dimension
was scored the lowest at 3.15. The waiting time was scored as the lowest sub-dimension comparing to
all sub-dimensions. However, there were no dimensions or sub-dimensions that scored lower than
3. Some additional comments and suggestions from disabled persons were provided for improving the
services in terms of distance and comfort of settings, and waiting time. Policymakers and providers should
consider those issues as important issues for the improvement of rehabilitative and assistive device
services. The services that respond to the needs of disabled persons can help their compliance and
continuity in receiving rehabilitation and assistive device services, which will directly improve health
status of disabled persons.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2004 source: HSRI

title: A study of dissemination of health information via internet

abstract: According to the advanced technology information, varieties of information are increasing disseminated on the Internet. In particular, health information is contained in web site in order to gain knowledge, give opinions from experience and advertise health products and clinics. Although those webs are rapidly increased on the Internet but there is no guarantee that how credible the health information or health web is. Thus the purposes of this research were 3 folds: to (1) survey the credibility of Thai health webs, and (2) analyze the process of health web development. This study was employed 2 research approaches: (1) survey approach by examining credibility of 255 webs, based on study criteria from 1,888 Thai health webs. These data were analyzed by using frequency and percentage (2) qualitative approach by interviewing 30 webmasters regarding how to develop health web. The qualitative data were analyzed by using content analysis method to explore the process of web development. The majors’ findings were as follows: 1. Findings from the survey, twelve criteria of a web credibility were used to examine the webs. There were 99.20 % of health webs via the Internet proposed health information with legal or/and ethical contents. There were 77.30, 71.80, and 71.80 % of health webs giving an e-mail address of a webmaster and contacting channel for users, and provide successful links to other sources respectively. However, few health webs (9%) were given a disclaimer. Other criteria including date of creation, date of last update, references, and authors were disclosed on the webs only 12.20, 13.70, 32.20, and 33.30% respectively. 2. According to interviews, webmasters reported 7 steps of web development: (1) Beginning with individual interest, the initiation of developing a health web was started with an interest to create Thai health web after exploring health webs from other countries via the Internet. (2) Learning to create web, webmasters learned how to create a web by asking experts or self studying. (3) Letting aims and target group, some webmasters developed health webs for providing health information to public while some wanted to advertise their health products or clinics. Thus, the target groups of those health webs are general people and health care personnel. (4) Developing web patterns, some webmasters created a web by themselves whereas some hired experts to develop it. (5) Searching information, webmasters used variety of sources, such as individual expertise, experience, and other experts, and so on to collect health information. (6) Transforming data, after collecting enough health information, webmasters would transform those data from using technical terms to be general terms for people understandable in the patterns of new articles, cut and paste articles, and questions and answers column. (7) Updating information, this step, webmasters would regularly or irregularly update their health information. Comparing data between from survey and interviews, it was found that most webmasters less realized to show the credibility of health information and health web. In addition, some webs were not screened inappropriate language and or disconnected contents before posing new information on the Internet.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2017 source: HSRI

title: The Inpatient and Outpatient Utilization by Health Care Providers of Thai Population in 2015

abstract: Advancement of Universal Health Coverage in Thailand since 2002 increased access to both
outpatient (OP) and inpatient (IP) services. This study aimed to analyze the utilizations of government
health insurance schemes and also the factors affecting access to outpatient and inpatient services in
2015. Based on the 2015 Health and Welfare Survey data, descriptive and logit model was performed
to analyze individual utilization of outpatient and inpatient and the factors determining the heath care
utilization.
Results demonstrated that universal health coverage scheme covered the majority of Thai
population. However, the general characteristic, employment and economic status of beneficiaries
differed across different schemes. The illness rate for ambulatory care was 3.1 episodes per capita per
year. Over-the-counter medicines had the biggest share around 27.2 percent, while the hospitalization
was 0.06 admission per capita per year. Most of them were admitted at community hospital and
general hospital (39.6 percent and 38.7 percent respectively), while the hospitalization in private
hospital was only 11.3 percent. In addition, there are some other factors that affected the utilization
of both outpatient and inpatient services such as household characteristic, chronic diseases and the
variation of benefit package of each scheme.
Many people chose to buy drug (around one-third of total treatments). It is important to
establish safety measures through awareness on rational use of drugs and develop a mechanism to
ensure drug quality. Policy maker should strengthen primary care services such as family care team,
home health care and long-term care to reduce the utilization gap in vulnerable groups especially the
poor and elderly and reduce financial burden from medical treatment of patient with chronic disease.
Moreover, government should expand the coverage to uninsured group to increase access to health
care services without financial burden to reduce the gap among health insurance groups.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2017 source: HSRI

title: A Study on Influential Success Factors and Approach to Moving Forward the Implementation of the  Provincial Public Health Committee

abstract: The National Public Health Committee (NPHC) has made a resolution to establish the Provincial Public Health Sub-Committee (PPHSC) according to the Public Health Law B.E. 2535 operating in all 76 provinces since September B.E. 2557. After reviewing the performance of the PPHSC which found some problems and barriers emerged unable to enforce the PPHSC’s resolutions and orders, the NPHC then set out a correct resolution by adjusting the legal role, authority, and composition of the Committee and including changing name from the Provincial Public Health Sub-Committee (PPHSC) to the Provincial Public Health Committee (PPHC) as revised and enacted by the new Public Health Law (Volume 3) B.E. 2560. The Public Health Law Administration Center of Department of Health and the Faculty of Public Health of Khon Kaen University were then to study the influential success factors and approach in moving forward the implementation of the PPHC.

This research was a cross-sectional descriptive study with three objectives set forth by exploring of; 1) success factors that influencing the achievement of the PPHSC according to its legal role and authority, 2) guidance in moving forward the PPHC’s implementation, and 3) desirable roles of the PPHC according to the Public Health Law B.E. 2560. The researchers collected related quantitative and qualitative data sets from the PPHSC, by selecting the provinces with high performance one province of each region totaling 12 provinces; Chiang Rai, Uttaradit, Kampangpetch, Surin, Sakonnakhon, Roiet, Yasothorn, Prachinburi, Samut Songkram, Ang Thong, Phuket, and Satun. Collection data by using the questionnaire for 234 PPHSC members, making in-depth interviews of the PPHSC chairperson, secretary, and assistant secretary totaling 36 persons, organizing PPHSC consultation meetings of each province, analyzing key information from PPHSC meeting minutes and its performance reports during B.E. 2558-2559. The study was done April to December B.E. 2560. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics while the qualitative used content analysis.

The study results revealed the key factors influencing the success of the PPHSC’s performance were; 1) a high valuation of the matter by the provincial governor is the most influential factor, 2) the effective implementation made by the PPHSC secretary by driving the environmental health actions using the PPHSC’s resolutions, 3) if the matter brought to the PPHSC’s meeting agenda as conformation to the national and provincial policies as well as that of highly concerned and interested by national and local public, 4) the provincial local administrative office strongly supported and pushed forward the compliance with the PPHSC’s resolutions, 5) cooperation of local administrative organizations, concerned agencies, and communities in compliance with the PPHSC’s resolutions, 6) technical support from Regional Health Centers and Department of Health.

Guidance on driving the mission and implementation of PPHC according to the Public Health Law (Volume 3) B.E. 2560 were; 1) initiation policy advocacy, 2) strongly technical support to the mission and implementation of PPHC from central and regional agencies, and 3) effective due actions and evaluation in compliance with the PPHC’s resolutions. Recommendations to the desirable roles of the PPHC according to the Public Health Law (Volume 3) B.E. 2560, the desirable roles of PPHSC needed every mission and action conforming to the Articles of the Public Health Law (Volume 3) B.E. 2560 however the desirable roles by this study was not fully meeting the assignment roles by the Public Health Law.

The due enforcement of the Public Health Law (Volume 3) B.E. 2560 on 19 December 2560 onward on the PPHC, the Department of Health as the leading agency in support of compliances to the public health law by driving the PPHC as a key mechanism for driving the provincial environmental health actions, the Department of Health should make use of this research results in building capacity of PPHC, implementing guidance, and future follow-up and evaluation for the improvement of PPHC’s performances.


location: , 'Thailand year: 1995 source: HSRI

title: Epidemiology of traffic accident Nongkhai Province 1994-1995

abstract: Epidemiology of traffic accident in Nongkhai province 1994-1995All of accident cases attended in the provincial hospital and all community hospitals had been interviewed and recorded in a nearly formalized form since June 1994 until May 1995. The one year records of 22,918 accident were classified into 12  categories. There were 25,863 injured cases and 269 fatal cases. 36.6 percent of total accident of 8,388 incidents were traffic accidents, those included 11,236 injured cases and 193 fatal cases. They were calculated as 43.3 percent of total injured cases (1,597.8 per 100,000 of total provincial population) and 71.7 percent of total dead cases. (24.4 per 100,000 of total population) respectively. Number of injures in male was more than in female 27.2 time, most of the cases were in the group of 10-49 years old similarly the number of dead in male was more than in female 4.6 times. The statistic of 61.6 percent of dead cases among the male were commonly in the group aged 10-49 years. Females died in a high percentage of 79.4  were the group aged below 49 years. Farmers, laborers and students (in school and collages) were the groups of high risk.  Most of traffic accidents occurred in the central district (Maung      District) and the second high were located in Phonpisai  District. The number of injured cases increased with in the duration of December to April and abruptly decreased in the duration of May to September and then gradually increased. The dead incidents were less during June to September, 16.00-19.00 hours of Saturday was the hazardous period while the accidents usually  accrued. Slippery road, sliding and fall doing of the motorcycles caused the number of accidents, 87.4 percent of the vehicles involving in the accident had no insurance and 90.3 percent of the drivers had no driving license. Among injured persons and fatal persons (include motorcycle and other automobile) there are 4.2 ,  1.7 percent of driver and 1.7 , 1.8  percent of passenger respectively were antiknock helmet or safety belt (upon kind of vehicle). But smell of consumer alcohol were datable from 28.8 percent of injured person' s breathing. The lesion of injury were commonly found in the extremities, head and face of the injured cases. The first aids before transferring to the hospital seemed to be very scarce.  This study leads to the development of data collecting system and would be useful for accident prevention planning.  Moreover, further study should be done to find out for factors affecting the accidents.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2003 source: HSRI

title: Management factors change towards implementation of health promotion and disease prevention in the universal converage health insurance program : case study provices inPublic Heatlh Region 6

abstract: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the effect of management factors the implementation of health promotion and disease prevention in the Universal Coverage Health Insurance Program. The study was conducted in 61 Contracting unit for Primary care (CUP) among 118 CUP of all 7 provinces  of  Regional 6. These provinces are Khon Kaen, Undornthani, Nongkai, Skolnakorn, Loei, Kalasin and Nongbualampoo.  The qualitative methods were applied for data collection.	The results revealed that in The 2002 Fiscal Year, all 7 provinces of regional 6 followed the health for all policy of the Ministry of Public Health closely.  Some  provinces modified organization structure of the division responsible for this task, some province added more unit or additional committee. Each province set up PCU to provide curative, health promotion, disease prevention, rehabilitation and dental public health with proactive work based on family medicine principle. However, there are slightly difference in focus point of this policy which came from different basic thinking of administrator and previous health promotion work. There was adaptation of concept to be based mainly on benefit package. Additional works which clearly showed were family file, house call, and exercise. There was personnel distribution form provincial level to CUP including sending new nursing graduates to work at PCU in some provinces, There were personnel development, budget allocation for health promotion and disease prevention based  on individual card or proportional budget resulting in more budgets for both CUP and PCU and additional supplies for PCU and health center if compared with before project implementation. However, there were still some problems with finance regulation, not much public participation, communication of officers about health promotion. The outcome depended on concepts and supports of chairman of primary health care network which majority of them are still focused on curative rather than health promotion and discase prevention. Budget allocation to PCU had important problem from conflicts between hospital directors and public health district chief. However, there was overall increase in health promotion and disease prevention. Some CUP had project to analyze try to help solving community problems. 	In 2003 budget year, fix cost distribution of budget helped reduce the conflicts between PCU and hospital director and easier implementation, but it reduced incentive to write project to do the work that suit the area. The policy of the Ministry of Public Health to carry out health promotion and disease prevention by separating activities and duration may not suit every area. The reduction of budget allocation to the provinces in the Northeast effected health promotion work especially exercise.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2009 source: HSRI

title: Satisfaction with Health Education and Health Promotion among Patients Attending the Outpatient Service of King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital

abstract: This study was aimed at exploring satisfaction with health education about health promotion among 324 patients attending the outpatient department, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in the period from January to April 2006. The majority of them (63.6%) were women, whose education levels were lower than diploma in 50.3 percent; 6.0 percent had qualifications higher than bachelor’s degree. Their occupations were housewives and laborers in 33.9 and 26.8 percent, respectively. The reasons for the visit were annual check-up in 67.5 percent and follow-up appointment in 17.3 percent. The reasons for choice in attending this hospital were knowledge of its good service and the expertise of physicians and nurses (82.1%) and of its up-to-date medical equipment (48.4%). The study disclosed that television was the most influential medium (77.8%) and newspapers (48.5%).
Regarding satisfaction with the health education given, patients were most impressively satisfied with the health educators’ suggestions (79.4%), simple terms used in communication (73%) and patients’ self study of the documents and leaflets provided (30%). Another indication of satisfaction was that most patients were willing to recommend acquaintances to visit this hospital (93.8%). There were no associations of satisfaction for health education as such between health promotion and personal factors (sex, age, educational level, and occupation).


location: , 'Thailand year: 2023 source: HSRI

title: Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Coronary Artery Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary intervention (PCI) in Thailand: Thai PCI Registry

abstract: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death and disability in Thailand. The incidence of CAD has constantly been increasing. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the standard and mainstay of CAD treatment. In Thailand, PCI has been performed for more than 20 years. Because of the benefit of PCI in reducing mortality, morbidity and symptom, it is recommended by many clinical practice guidelines as a standard treatment of CAD. Since the Ministry of Health realized the benefit of PCI and support the opening of new catheterization laboratories (cath lab) in all parts of the country, the number of cath lab and the number of PCI cases in Thailand has rapidly increasing for the last ten years. PCI registry is very important, as it provides many useful information (e.g. baseline demographic data of the patients, practice pattern, device and equipment use, outcome of treatment, complications, success rate, emergency CABG rate), as well as information regarding health care system (e.g. prevalence of referral cases, waiting time of the system, appropriateness of PCI, cost of PCI, cost-effectiveness/cost-utility which could be compared to treatment of other diseases (such as cancer, etc.). The information is essential in improving the outcomes of PCI, in preventing complications, in increasing the efficacy and safety of PCI, which may lead to more effective national resource allocation and proper reimbursement. With the reasons given, many countries have conducted their own data collection and PCI registry. The good examples include SCARR registry of Sweden, NCDR of USA and NCVD PCI registry of the National Heart Association of Malaysia. Cardiovascular Intervention Association of Thailand (CIAT) realized the importance of having our own data, therefore initiating the project “Thai PCI Registry” in order to collect the data of patients undergoing PCI in current clinical practice in our country. The project received financial support from Health System Research Institute (HSRI). This report is the full report of the finalize of Thai PCI registry project which received financial support from HSRI. There were 22,741 patients participating in Thai PCI registry. Approximately 70% were male with the mean age of 63.85 years. Two third of all patients use Universal Coverage (UC) scheme. Most common presentation was stable CAD (37.6 %) and most common procedures were performed electively (61.3%). More than half of all patients were referral cases. In terms of coronary anatomy, most patients were classified as triple vessel disease (33.0%) follow by double vessel disease (28.7%) and single vessel disease (26.4%), respectively. Twelve percent of all patients had left main stenosis. The main vascular access was femoral approach (12,199 cases; 53.6%). When we categorized the patients into their presentation of acute coronary syndrome and stable coronary disease, we found that 27.6% was STEMI, 29.8% was Non STEMI, 37.6% was Stable CAD, and others was 5.1%. The In-hospital mortality rate was 6.7%, 2.0%, 0.3%, and 3.4%, respectively. with overall in-hospital mortality was 2.7%. The overall success rate of PCI in this registry was 96% which was very good and comparable to data from other countries. The factors that were independently associated with procedural failure included older age, referral cases, hypertension, history of heart disease, complex lesion, long lesion, and poor TIMI flow. The incidence of procedural complications was approximately 5%. The common complications reported included coronary dissection, side branch occlusion, no reflow, coronary perforation, device dislodge, acute stent thrombosis. The factors that were independently associated with procedural complications included older age, female, health care coverage, hypertension, history of heart disease, cardiogenic shock, requirement of IABP/mechanical support, unsuccessful vascular access, long lesion, thrombotic lesion, complex lesion, bifurcation and abnormal TIMI flow. The common clinical complications included post-PCI MI (1,856 cases, 8.5%), bleeding within 72 hours (1,053 cases, 4.8%), stroke (83 cases, 0.4%) and emergency CABG (0.34%). In term of mortality, the in-hospital mortality rate was 2.71%. The independent factors associated with incidence of clinical complications included older age, female, referral cases, peripheral vascular disease, requirement of dialysis, emergency PCI, ACS, cardiogenic shock, requirement of IABP/mechanical support, left main stenosis, unsuccessful PCI, and procedural complication. In summary, the Thai PCI registry was completed with great success. Many goals and objectives were achieved which included 1) establishing national network which can be a platform of nation-wide collaboration of other registry in the future, 2) creating CRF in PCI cases which can be used by any participating sites even after completion of the registry or can also be used by general public by request, 3) Training the new researchers from all area of the country, 4) obtaining crucial data which will lead to improvement of PCI outcomes, prevention of complications and improvement of health care system resulting in better care of patients with cardiovascular diseases in the future.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2014 source: HSRI

title: Violence Against Children Treated at One Stop Service Center at Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital

abstract: One of the strategic plans for a current policy in an integrated management of the problem involving
violence against children and women is to develop the data register and management system. This research
aims to study the basic data and characteristics of children treated at the Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima
Hospital. The study found that during the year 2010-2012, 437 children were treated at OSCC, 412 cases
were female, and 25 cases were male, aged between 4 days and 17 years and 10 months. The main reason
for arrival at the hospital was sexual and physical violence. Nearly all cases were suffered from first time
violence. Main problem in teenagers were having sex with their boyfriends. In case of physical abuse,
most of those children were abused by their parents or close relatives. Event of violence usually occur
from January to March and October to December each year. Sexual violence tends to happens on weekdays
over weekends. Time of sexual violence was highest during 06:01 and 09:00 pm. Most of patients
came to the hospital within one day after the incident. Nearly all perpetrators were non-family member
persons, but the stranger was only 11 percent. The main external factor that encouraged acts of sexual
violence was an intimate environment and the opportunity allows. The scene of violence mostly occurred
at home. The main result of treatment was cure or palliative, however, some died of violence. The average
cost of medical-related care was 3,306.06 THB. In conclusion, sexual problem among teenagers are the
primary problem for OSCC. The major risk comes from the patient’s own and external factors. Parents
should take care to protect their children closely.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2001 source: HSRI

title: Health service system for emergency conditions in developed countries

abstract: Health Service System for Emergency Conditions in Developed countries	Health service system for emergency conditions in developed countries was originally built in attempt to reduce life lost from road accident. Early response to injuries was a principle of reducing death and injuries especially in working group. Later, the system was extended to cover other injuries especially heart disease and considered as social safety net. To quicken the service provision, mobile service was made possible to reach the situation area and available for 24 hours. The system could be activitated by anyone either involving or seeing the scene. The study was carried out by reviewing the systems of the US, France, Australia and Sweden. 	The system of the US, Australia and Sweden had central call centres and mobile emergency team some of which had physicians for example the French and the Swedish while the US and the Australian had advanced emergency staff. The US, the Australian and the Swedish had doctors who had specialty in emergency care The provision system, patients’ right to emergency care and emergency team were legislated in all studied systems. Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance and special service contracts covered emergency care in the US. In France, Australia and Sweden, local government budget and national health insurance supported the emergency care. 	The development of the emergency system in Thailand should focus on the system of call centres and its reporting, mobile service, emergency room and referral system. Integrating the system into the health care system should be done for efficient use of resources. Community participation in all process should be strengthened. Legislation, budgeting, personnel development and research were important issues to support the system. Equity principle should be considered and put into practice.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2008 source: HSRI

title: A Study of the Medical Care of Diabetes Patients Comparing Those Treated at a One-stop Service Clinic of Nongwuasaw Hospital and at Nonwai Medical Care Center, Udon Thani Province

abstract: The objectives of this study were to compare the results of the care services
   provided at two primary care settings, a one-stop service clinic of Nongwuasaw
   Hospital and the Nonwai Medical Care Center, both located in Udon Thani Province.
   A simple random sampling method was used according to the specified criteria in order
   to recruit the subjects for study in the period from March to May 2008. As a result,
   271 patients from each of the medical centers were obtained. The variables to be
   compared were fasting blood sugar levels, other clinical variables, knowledge, practice
   and satisfaction of the patients. The questionnaires approved by five experts were used
   for collecting study data. The descriptive statistics, number, percentage, mean, standard
   deviation, median, minimum and maximum values were used to analyze the data
   obtained. The student t-test was used to show the differences in the knowledge,
   practice, patientsû satisfaction and the results in controlling the level of the fasting
   blood sugar in the blood as well as other parameters; the results were presented along
   with the degree of freedom, df, and p-value at the statistically significant level of 0.05.
   Most of the subjects (70.1%) were females; the subjects were aged 20-86 years, with
   the median age being 58 years and 31.4 percent were 51-60 years old; 74.2 percent
   were married and 71.2 percent had completed primary school; the economic status of
   almost all of the subjects (97 percent) was at the average level; and they were diabetic
   for 3.5 ± 2.2 years. These general characteristics of the subjects of the two centers
   were compared, and showed no statistically significant differences. The results of the
   clinical parameters, however, showed that the levels of fasting blood sugar and urine
   albumin of the DM patients who had received services from the Nonwai Medical
   Center were statistically lower than that of the DM patients who had attended the One-
   stop Service Clinic of Nongwuasaw Hospital (p-values = 0.003 and 0.05, respectively).
   The levels of HbA1c, cholesterol and triglyceride in the blood and the body mass
   index of both groups were not statistically different. With regard to DM knowledge,
   the patients who had received services at the One-stop Service Clinic of Nongwuasaw
   Hospital had lower knowledge scores than those who had received services at the
   Nonwai Medical Care Center (p-value < 0.001). However, there was no statistical
   difference in terms of practice scores. Patients who had received services at the One-
   stop Service Clinic of Nongwuasaw Hospital had significantly lower satisfaction scores
    than those who had received services at the Nonwai Medical Care Center (p-value = 0.05).
    The study concluded that diabetic care at the Nonwai Medical Care Center is
   more efficient than that of the One-stop Service Clinic of Nongwuasaw Hospital.
   However, the study had a limitation in that it was not a randomized controlled trial;
   therefore, such study is needed in the future to make conclusions.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2011 source: HSRI

title: Sexual Abuse among Children and Youth under Influence of Alcohol Consumption

abstract: The purpose of this research was to study the situation and trends of sex crimes in relation to consumption
of alcoholic beverages as well as to explain the types of sexual abuse carried out while under the
influence of adolescents and youth in Thailand. The sources of information were cases related to sex
crimes which appeared in print media over the past 10 years (between B.E. 2541-2551) and from the collection
of qualitative data from in-depth interviews. The sample group consisted of 15 adolescents and youth
at the Central Observation and Protection Center, Nonthaburi who committed sex crimes.
From the research it was found that information from print media portrayed the number, violence,
and complications of sex crimes related to the increased consumption of alcohol in Thailand, at three fold
over the past ten years. The age of victims and perpetrators is greatly varied, with the age of victims
between 4-102 years old and of perpetrators between 15-76 years old. From information on the perpetrators
it was found that the ages are decreasing and are increasingly youth or adolescents. The crimes mostly
take place at night and the abuse reported in print media the most is rape. The majority of the crimes are
carried out by known people, especially family members.
From interviewing youth who carried out crimes, it was found that 13 of 15 drank alcoholic beverages
2-3 hours before committing the crime and ¯ drank with the victims. Drinking alcoholic beverages
plays a role in bringing together groups which lead to planning and thinking of committing crimes. An
interesting point found was that perpetrators did not drink to get drunk (20-30 grams of pure alcohol), but
to become confident and brave enough to carry out the crimes without any consideration.
Recommendations from this study include the need to be more rigorous and strict with using related
laws such as forbidding the sales of alcohol to people under 20 years old according to the Royal Decree on
Control of Alcoholic Beverages, B.E. 2551. Information on sex crimes and other crimes need to be collected
and there information on alcohol consumption of the perpetrators should be collected as well. This is
because alcohol is related to sex crimes and other crimes. There should be measures to publicize and
change attitudes in society regarding alcohol consumption and sex crimes are not a normal aspect in
society.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2009 source: HSRI

title: Quality Development of Patient Care Team Using the Integrated Case Conference: A Study at Sung Noen Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, 2008

abstract: The purpose of this action research study was to solve clinical risks in patient care by professional
health care teams. Researchers and participants were heath personnel in Sung Noen Community Hospi-tal, including the hospital director, physicians, pharmacists, registered nurses, laboratory technicians, radio-
logy technicians, physical therapists, psychologists and ayurvedic doctors. The study was divided
into three steps: (1) situation analysis: by analyzing clinical risk incident reports and former preventive
measures, (2) implementation: by setting up integrated case conferences, i.e. integrated patient care by
professional health care teams, with physicians serving as leaders (the physicians set up case conferences
once a month), (3) monitoring and evaluation: by participating in conference meetings, using questionnaires
created by a quality development center, evaluating new preventive measures and clinical practice
guidelines (CPG) released and enabled to practice. The study was conducted from October 2007 to December
2008, a total of 18 months. It was found that the clinical risk incident report in 2007 was higher in
coverage, especially patient care topics, but repeated incidents were still periodically reported; also there
was a lack of root cause analysis (RCA) of clinical risk in time and discontinuity of preventive measure
practices. An integrated case conference on high-level clinical risk topics, with physicians as leaders, was
set up to analyze the root cause analysis (RCA) of the patient care process. The results were new preventive
measures and new clinical practice guidelines that were more practical for promoting quality in patient
care teams. This study showed that integrated case conferences could be effectively conducted in
community hospitals


location: , 'Thailand year: 2012 source: HSRI

title: Rural retention of medical graduates trained by the collaborative project to increase rural doctors (CPIRD)

abstract: The collaborative project to increase rural doctors (CPIRD) has been implemented since 1995. This
study therefore aims to assess whether the medical graduates trained by the CPIRD project were retained in rural areas longer than those trained by regular training project.
The total of 1,093 CPIRD medical graduates and 6,064 medical graduates from regular training project
during 2001 - 2007 were included. The data was traced back from 2001 to 2010 in relation to their mobility.
Survival analysis was used for data analysis.
The study found that at the 4th year of their work, 69% of CPIRD medical graduates were retained in
the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) compared to 59% of those trained by regular training project were.
Harzard ratio was 0.66 (p<0.001) and it indicated that normal track medical graduates had a probability to
resign from the MOPH 1.5 times than that of the CPIRD, significantly. After 3 years of public compulsory
work ended, 52% of CPIRD medical graduates were retained at rural hospitals while 47% of the normal
track medical graduates were. Harzard ratio was 0.88 (p= 0.001) and it indicated that normal track medical
graduates had greater chance to move out of rural areas 1.14 times than that of the CPIRD ones, significantly.
The median survival time in rural of the CPIRD medical graduates was declined from 10 years to 4
years, comparing to that of the normal track medical graduates that was declined from 6.5 years to 3 years.
Although physicians under the CPIRD project have higher rural retention, the median survival time
in rural had declined over 10 years and it become close to that of the normal track physicians. The trends
indicated that the improvement of the CPIRD project is needed in order to attract and retain more physicians
in rural areas.


location: , 'Thailand year: 2022 source: HSRI

title: Policy Recommendations on School Food and Nutrition from Global Organizations and the Policy and Practice in Thailand

abstract: This study aimed to review the school food and nutrition (SFN) policy recommendations from international organizations and the SFN policy and practice in Thailand. Policy documents were collected from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and related organizations in Thailand such as ministries of education, public health, agriculture and cooperatives, and Thai Health Promotion Foundation. Documents were analyzed based on the SFN framework, consisting of four key components; 1) healthy food environment and school food, 2) food and nutrition education, 3) inclusive procurement and value chain, 4) enabling policy, legal and institutional environment. Forty-two policy recommendations have been suggested, such as the development of a national strategy for food and nutrition in school, control of unhealthy food marketing, supporting use of local food produce for school meals, encouraging community engagement, promoting food and nutrition role models among teachers, and management of conflict of interest among involved stakeholders. Thailand has followed 34 out of 42 recommendations, such as, free school lunch, child nutritional standard, Thai School Lunch program for sustainable provision of school food, and other food and nutritional promotion programs in school. However, future SFN policies should be developed on the food/nutritional literacy among school children, teachers, and parents, conflict of interest management among involved stakeholders, and the health promotion in particular food and nutrition for all personnel in schools. Furthermore, existing SFN policies need to be strengthened, for instance, the inclusive school lunch, law and regulation to control unhealthy food marketing in school, and SFN policy monitoring and evaluation. The present study of international recommendations should be further used to guide the future SFN policy and practice in Thailand.