X: 1.0208865 Y: 13.271095title: Curcuminoid Biosynthesis by Two Type III Polyketide Synthases in the Herb Curcuma longa publish year: 2009 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Curcuminoids found in the rhizome of turmeric, Curcuma longa, possess various biological activities. Despite much attention regarding the biosynthesis of curcuminoids because of their
pharmaceutically important properties and biosynthetically intriguing structures, no enzyme systems have been elucidated.
Here we propose a pathway for curcuminoid biosynthesis in the herb C. longa, which includes two novel type III polyketide synthases. One of the type III polyketide synthases, named diketide-CoA synthase
(DCS), catalyzed the formation of feruloyldiketide-CoA by condensing feruloyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. The other, named curcumin
synthase (CURS), catalyzed the in vitro formation of curcuminoids from cinnamoyldiketide-N-acetylcysteamine (a mimic of the CoA ester) and feruloyl-CoA. Co-incubation of DCS and CURS in the presence of feruloyl-CoA
and malonyl-CoA yielded curcumin at high efficiency, although CURS itself possessed low activity for the synthesis of curcumin
from feruloyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. These findings thus revealed the curcumin biosynthetic route in turmeric, in which DCS
synthesizes feruloyldiketide-CoA, and CURS then converts the diketide-CoA esters into a curcuminoid scaffold.


X: 1.8660952 Y: 13.482244title: Immune-stimulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of Curcuma longa extract and its polysaccharide fraction publish year: 2013 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: While curcuminoids have been reported to possess diverse biological activities, the anti-inflammatory activity of polar extracts (devoid of curcuminoids) of Curcuma longa (C. longa) has seldom been studied. In this study, we have investigated immune-stimulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of an aqueous based extract of C. longa (NR-INF-02) and its fractions in presence and absence of mitogens.
Effects of NR-INF-02 (Turmacin™, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India) on proliferation, nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukins (ILs) and prostaglandin (PGE2) levels of mouse splenocytes and mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) cells were determined.
NR-INF-02 increased splenocytes number in presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or concanavalin A. Treatment of NR-INF-02 showed a significant increase of NO, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, interferon (IFN) gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and MCP-1 production in unstimulated mouse splenocytes and mouse macrophages. Interestingly, NR-INF-02 showed potent inhibitory effect towards release of PGE2 and IL-12 levels in LPS stimulated mouse splenocytes. Further, NR-INF-02 was fractionated into polysaccharide fraction (F1) and mother liquor (F2) to study their immune-modulatory effects. F1 was found to be more potent than F2 toward inhibiting PGE2 and IL-12 in LPS stimulated splenocytes.
Present findings revealed the novel anti-inflammatory property of NR-INF-02 and its polysaccharide fraction by inhibiting the secretion of IL-12 and PGE2 in vitro.


X: 0.71168786 Y: 12.990154title: Difference of Curcumin Content in Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae) Caused by Hybridization with Other Curcuma Species publish year: 2011 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Curcumin, which is traditionally known to have effects on various types of diseases in humans, is found in Curcuma longa L. Previous reports have indicated that the curcumin content varies between the different lines of this species. To clarify the differences in the amounts of curcumin between the lines, we investigated the outcomes of cultivation ex-periments with the hybridization or introgression between C. longa and other Curcuma species using the matK gene of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and the external transcribed spacer (ETS) of nuclear DNA (nrDNA). The results show that there is heterogeneity of the ETS and incongruence between the matK and the ETS phylogenetic trees, suggesting that hybridization and introgression had taken place in the diversification of the various lines of C. longa. Moreover, al-though all of the lines had the same cpDNA haplotype of C. longa, the lines of homogeneous C. longa had a high con-tent of curcumin, whereas the lines created by hybridization and introgression with other Curcuma species had a me-dium or low level. These results suggest that the difference of curcumin content among the various lines of C. longa was caused by hybridization and introgression with other Curcuma species.


X: 1.352896 Y: 13.956302title: Curcuma longa extract supplementation reduces oxidative stress and attenuates aortic fatty streak development in rabbits publish year: 2003 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Objetivo
En este estudio se evalúa el efecto de un extracto de Curcuma longa sobre el desarrollo de aterosclerosis experimental (estrías grasas) en conejos, y su interacción con otros antioxidantes plasmáticos.

Métodos y resultados
Dos grupos de conejos macho New Zealand White, un grupo control y un grupo que recibió extracto de cúrcuma (CU), fueron alimentados con dieta aterogénica. El grupo CU fue tratado adicionalmente con un extracto hidroalcohólico de curcuma por vía oral. Seis animales de cada grupo se sacrificaron a los 10, 20 y 30 días. En comparación con el grupo CU, el grupo control presentó concentraciones plasmáticas de peróxidos lipídicos significativamente superiores en todos los tiempos ensayados (10, 20 y 30 días) y valores de d-tocoferol y coenzima Q significativamente menores a los 20 y 30 días. El análisis histológico de las estrías grasas reveló que la lesión en la aorta torácica abdominal fue significativamente menor en el grupo CU que en el grupo control a los 30 días.

Conclusiones
Los suplementos de Curcuma longa reducen el estrés oxidativo y atenúan el desarrollo de estrías grasas en conejos alimentados con una dieta rica en colesterol.


X: 1.3036066 Y: 13.686818title: Biological Activities of Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) -An Overview publish year: 2015 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Now-a-days, economic and medicinal importance of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) is an established fact, besides further research methodology is practiced to reach the extreme and extensive value of its diverse pharmacological and other uses. It has been appreciably used in traditional medicine as a household remedy for various diseases. Its anti-inflammatory, anticancer and anti-oxidant properties if exploited efficiently may benefit the mankind in colorful ways. It has a low toxic effect on body hence large doses can be given without any fear of toxicity that reflects its broad therapeutic index. This plant has benefited us of its various medicinal values besides other utilities.


X: 0.4533369 Y: 13.1471195title: Effect of maturity on some chemical constituents of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) publish year: 1988 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The effect of maturity on rhizome yield, essential oil content and com- position, and curcumin I. XI and 111 of the main Sri Lankan cultivar of Curcuma longa L. is reported. The optimum time of harvest for maximum rhizome yield, was found to be 9 months. The oil content in bulbs was higher than that of finger rhizomes. The optimum time for harvest for maximum yield of tunTIeric oil was found to be 7.5 - 8.0 months. Essential oil composition varied with maturity, sew quiterpenes (ar-turmerone and turmerone) increased while monoterpenes (1.8 cineole and a-phellandrene) declined in both bulbs and finger rhizomes. Monoterpene content was lower in the mother sets during the early stages of growth. Curcumin (curcumin, demethoxysurcumin, bis-demethoxycurcumin also termed curcumin I, 11 and 111 respectively) content was monitored using t.l.cuv spectrophotometry and a technique based on t.1.c.u~ densitometry which was developed during this study. Curcumin I content was highest, however curcumin 111 content was more than curcumin 11. Maturity did not affect the ratio of curcumins to any great extent. Advanced marurity resulted in a decline in total curcumin content. Maximum curcumin per bush was attained about 9 months after planting.


X: 1.3644623 Y: 13.486152title: Therapeutic uses of Curcuma longa (turmeric) publish year: 2001 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Curcuma longa commonly known as tumeric is traditionally used as a spice in Indian food. A wide range of biological activities e.g. anticancer,
antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and free radical scavenging activity of the plant suggests a logical basis for its traditional
use in foodstuff. Various phytothreapeutic uses ofCurcuma longa have been reviewed.


X: 0.33409956 Y: 13.225841title: Genetic variability, character association and diversity analysis in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) genotypes. publish year: 2014 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The experimental material comprised of 83 turmeric genotypes were evaluated at Faizabad (U.P.), India during 2011-12. The highest magnitude for coefficient of variation at genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic levels (PCV) was observed for number of tertiary rhizomes per plant followed by number of tillers per clump and number of secondary rhizomes per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was expressed for number of leaves per shoot followed by number of tertiary rhizomes per plant. The rhizome yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with weight of fresh rhizome per plant followed by weight of mother rhizome and number of primary rhizomes per plant. The highest positive direct effect on rhizome yield was exerted by weight of fresh rhizomes per plant followed by number of leaves per shoot. Among 83 turmeric genotypes in 10 clusters, the highest number of genotypes was grouped in cluster V (18 genotypes) followed by cluster III (14 genotypes), clusters VIII, IV, VII, I, X, VI IX, and II possessed 11, 10, 9, 7, 6, 4, 2 and 2 genotypes, respectively. The maximum intra- and inter-cluster distance was observed for the cluster II followed by cluster IX and cluster I. The highest percent contribution of genetic divergence was noticed with rhizome yield followed by weight of primary rhizomes and plant height. These cluster based analysis have proved to be effective methods in grouping turmeric accessions that may facilitate their effective utilization in crop improvement programmes through direct selection.


X: 2.6971555 Y: 13.616682title: The Effect of Dietary Supplements of Black Pepper Piper nigrum and Turmeric Curcuma longa Extracts on Dietary Amino Acid Utilization and Growth Performance in Common Carp publish year: 2021 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Long‐recognized physiological actions of black pepper Piper nigrum and turmeric Curcuma longa plants or their active ingredients (piperine [Pip] and curcumin [Curc], respectively) have been tested in nutritional and clinical experiments. Available data suggest that both dietary additives influence food acceptance, metabolism, and digestive physiology and increase the bioavailability of several drugs and nutrients. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to test how Common Carp Cyprinus carpio respond to diets supplemented with Pip, Curc, and black pepper extract (BP) in terms of food intake, growth, whole‐body composition, and muscle free amino acid (FAA) levels. We used the following dietary treatments: a reference diet based on casein and gelatin (CG), a diet in which a fraction of CG protein (20%) was replaced with an FAA mixture (Met0.4 [methionine 0.4%]), and three other diets identical to Met0.4 but supplemented with 0.02% Pip, Curc, or BP. We found that addition of spices and their active ingredients impacted fish growth (BP depressed growth by 30%); however, these dietary additives did not show any significant effect on food intake across the treatments. Dietary Pip increased total lipids in the whole body. The total indispensable FAA level was higher in the Curc group compared to the CG group only. The total dispensable FAA level in the BP group was higher than those in the CG and Met0.4 groups but was not different than those in the Pip and Curc groups. We conclude that further study is warranted with different levels of spices in fish diets. A summary of the current state of knowledge on the effect of Pip on nutrient flux and nutrient utilization, as well as possible regulatory mechanism(s) involved in the action of spices in fish, with a focus on Pip, is also provided.


X: 0.4839674 Y: 13.464237title: Antioxidant capacity of fresh and dried rhizomes from four clones of turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.) grown in vitro publish year: 2007 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Plant genotype, field conditions, and postharvest processing of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) can alter the combinations of phytochemicals in rhizomes. We investigated the effects of drying upon the antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts from rhizomes of four clones of turmeric grown in vitro under controlled conditions. Antioxidant properties of microrhizomes were also compared with commercially available rhizome powder. The antioxidant capacities of extracts were assayed for their ability to scavenge the DPPH* radical and chelate ferrous iron. Tissue drying negatively affected the ability of extracts to scavenge the DPPH* radical in all four accessions tested, whereas the effect of tissue drying on ferrous iron chelating ability of extracts was cultivar specific. Fresh tissue extracts were more potent than extracts from commercially available turmeric powder in all cases for both assays. The iron chelation assay revealed that extracts from recently dried tissue were significantly more potent than extracts from aged commercially available turmeric powder. DPPH* scavenging capacity of the dried tissue was usually of similar intensity to the commercially available powder with only one clone showing a significant difference in potency. Commercial drying methods may have negative effects on the antioxidants present in the rhizomes of turmeric. Genotypic selection minimized this effect. In vitro prepared rhizomes are a readily available source of fresh turmeric tissue from controlled environments irrespective of uncertainty associated with international outsource of seasonal, agricultural products.


X: 1.4896009 Y: 13.742558title: Safety and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Curcumin: A Component of Tumeric ( Curcuma longa ) publish year: 2003 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Tumeric is a spice that comes from the root Curcuma longa, a member of the ginger family, Zingaberaceae. In Ayurveda (Indian traditional medicine), tumeric has been used for its medicinal properties for various indications and through different routes of administration, including topically, orally, and by inhalation. Curcuminoids are components of tumeric, which include mainly curcumin (diferuloyl methane), demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcmin.
The goal of this systematic review of the literature was to summarize the literature on the safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin.
A search of the computerized database MEDLINE (1966 to January 2002), a manual search of bibliographies of papers identified through MEDLINE, and an Internet search using multiple search engines for references on this topic was conducted. The PDR for Herbal Medicines, and four textbooks on herbal medicine and their bibliographies were also searched.
A large number of studies on curcumin were identified. These included studies on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antifungal properties of curcuminoids. Studies on the toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin have included in vitro, animal, and human studies. A phase 1 human trial with 25 subjects using up to 8000 mg of curcumin per day for 3 months found no toxicity from curcumin. Five other human trials using 1125-2500 mg of curcumin per day have also found it to be safe. These human studies have found some evidence of anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin. The laboratory studies have identified a number of different molecules involved in inflammation that are inhibited by curcumin including phospholipase, lipooxygenase, cyclooxygenase 2, leukotrienes, thromboxane, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon-inducible protein, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-12 (IL-12).
Curcumin has been demonstrated to be safe in six human trials and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. It may exert its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of a number of different molecules that play a role in inflammation.


X: 0.84930074 Y: 12.399879title: The Inhibitory Effects of Curcuma longa L. Essential Oil and Curcumin on Aspergillus flavus Link Growth and Morphology publish year: 2013 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The essential oil from Curcuma longa L. was analysed by GC/MS. The major components of the oil were ar-turmerone (33.2%), α -turmerone (23.5%) and β -turmerone (22.7%). The antifungal activities of the oil were studied with regard to Aspergillus flavus growth inhibition and altered morphology, as preliminary studies indicated that the essential oil from C. longa inhibited Aspergillus flavus Link aflatoxin production. The concentration of essential oil in the culture media ranged from 0.01% to 5.0% v/v, and the concentration of curcumin was 0.01-0.5% v/v. The effects on sporulation, spore viability, and fungal morphology were determined. The essential oil exhibited stronger antifungal activity than curcumin on A. flavus. The essential oil reduced the fungal growth in a concentration-dependent manner. A. flavus growth rate was reduced by C. longa essential oil at 0.10%, and this inhibition effect was more efficient in concentrations above 0.50%. Germination and sporulation were 100% inhibited in 0.5% oil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of A. flavus exposed to oil showed damage to hyphae membranes and conidiophores. Because the fungus is a plant pathogen and aflatoxin producer, C. longa essential oil may be used in the management of host plants.


X: 1.4186524 Y: 13.899565title: Phase II clinical trial on effect of the long turmeric ( publish year: 2001 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The study examined patients who had symptoms indicating peptic ulcer. Forty-five patients, 24 males and 21 females, aged between 16-60 years were included in the study. Twenty-five patients, 18 males and 7 females, were endoscoped, their ulcers located in the duodenal bulb and gastric (angulus). The ulcer sizes varied between 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter. Capsule-filled turmeric was given orally in the dose of 2 capsules (300 mg each) five times daily, one half to an hour before meals, at 16.00 hours and at bedtime continuously. The result after 4 weeks of treatment showed that ulcers were absent in 48% or 12 cases (DU 9 and GU 3). Eighteen cases (DU 13 and GU 5) had absence of ulcer after 8 weeks of treatment. Nineteen cases (76%) (DU 14 and GU 5) did not have ulcers after 12 weeks of treatment. The rest, 20 cases were not found to have ulcers and some were not endoscoped. They appeared to have erosions, gastritis and dyspepsia. They received turmeric capsules for 4 weeks of treatment. The abdominal pain and discomfort satisfactorily subsided in the first and second week. They could take normal foods instead of soft meals. Blood chemistry and hematology of all 54 patients had no significant changes in hematological system, liver and renal functions both before and after treatment.


X: 1.1058532 Y: 14.160427title: Curcuminoids and Sesquiterpenoids in Turmeric ( Curcuma longa L.) Suppress an Increase in Blood Glucose Level in Type 2 Diabetic KK-A y Mice publish year: 2005 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Turmeric, the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., has a wide range of effects on human health. The chemistry includes curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids as components, which are known to have antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and antiinflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of three turmeric extracts on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice (6 weeks old, n = 5/group). These turmeric extracts were obtained by ethanol extraction (E-ext) to yield both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids, hexane extraction (H-ext) to yield sesquiterpenoids, and ethanol extraction from hexane-extraction residue (HE-ext) to yield curcuminoids. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the other groups were fed a diet containing 0.1 or 0.5 g of H-ext or HE-ext/100 g of diet or 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext/100 g of diet for 4 weeks. Although blood glucose levels in the control group significantly increased (P < 0.01) after 4 weeks, feeding of 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext, 0.5 g of H-ext, and 0.5 g of HE-ext/100 g of diet suppressed the significant increase in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, E-ext stimulated human adipocyte differentiation, and these turmeric extracts had human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand-binding activity in a GAL4-PPAR-gamma chimera assay. Also, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and ar-turmerone had PPAR-gamma ligand-binding activity. These results indicate that both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric exhibit hypoglycemic effects via PPAR-gamma activation as one of the mechanisms, and suggest that E-ext including curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids has the additive or synergistic effects of both components.


X: 1.4155102 Y: 13.300252title: Antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of Curcuma longa and its compounds publish year: 2018 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Antioxidant agent can eliminate the free radicals due to oxidative stress that has been reported as the main cause of diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated the effect of Curcuma longa rhizomes and its compounds curcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin as antioxidants and antidiabetic activity. The phytochemical assay was performed with modified Farnsworth method. Quantitative curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin and curcumol of C. longa extract (CLE) were evaluated using HPLC. The antioxidant assay was performed with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonate acid) (ABTS) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Antidiabetic properties were measured by inhibitory activity of α-, β-glucosidase, and α-amylase. This study suggested that CLE has terpenoids in high level. Based on HPLC test, CLE contained curcumin (16.92%), curcumol (15.51%), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (5.27%). Bisdemethoxycurcumin has DPPH scavenging activity (IC50= 64.94±2.44 μg/ml), curcumin has the highest activity (IC50=0.92±0.03 μg/ml) in ABTS assay, while CLE has the highest activity in FRAP assay (IC50=311.10 μM Fe(II)/μg) in the highest concentration (250.00 μg/ml). In antidiabetic assay, bisdemethoxycurcumin has the highest in α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50=3.76±0.33 μg/ml; 1.79± 0.15 μg/ml), while in β-glucosidase inhibitory activity curcumin has the highest activity (IC50=1.03±0.03 μg/ml). CLE and its compounds possess antioxidants and antidiabetic activities.


X: 0.95424694 Y: 13.330114title: Biosynthesis of curcuminoids and gingerols in turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale): Identification of curcuminoid synthase and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesterases publish year: 2006 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Members of the Zingiberaceae such as turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) accumulate at high levels in their rhizomes important pharmacologically active metabolites that appear to be derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. In ginger, these compounds are the gingerols; in turmeric these are the curcuminoids. Despite their importance, little is known about the biosynthesis of these compounds. This investigation describes the identification of enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the production of these bioactive natural products. Assays for enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway identified the corresponding enzyme activities in protein crude extracts from leaf, shoot and rhizome tissues from ginger and turmeric. These enzymes included phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyketide synthases, p-coumaroyl shikimate transferase, p-coumaroyl quinate transferase, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, and caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, which were evaluated because of their potential roles in controlling production of certain classes of gingerols and curcuminoids. All crude extracts possessed activity for all of these enzymes, with the exception of polyketide synthases. The results of polyketide synthase assays showed detectable curcuminoid synthase activity in the extracts from turmeric with the highest activity found in extracts from leaves. However, no gingerol synthase activity could be identified. This result was explained by the identification of thioesterase activities that cleaved phenylpropanoid pathway CoA esters, and which were found to be present at high levels in all tissues, especially in ginger tissues. These activities may shunt phenylpropanoid pathway intermediates away from the production of curcuminoids and gingerols, thereby potentially playing a regulatory role in the biosynthesis of these compounds.


X: 0.7266606 Y: 13.118479title: Biochemical Composition of Curcuma longa L. Accessions publish year: 2013 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The essential oil composition and total phenolic content (TPC) of curcuminoids were studied in rhizomes of nine Curcuma longa L. accessions. Curcuminoids, present in commercially available turmeric rhizomes, play vital roles in various pharmacological activities. A simple, rapid, and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) method was optimized for simultaneous determination of curcuminoids, namely, a mixture of curcumin, demethoxy curcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxy curcumin (BDMC) in rhizomes of C. longa. Chromatographic separation was performed on an RP C18 column within 13 minutes (11.4 to 12.95 minutes). Elution was accomplished by the application of acetonitrile and 1.5% acetic acid in water in a gradient system with flow rate of 2.0 mL min−1. PDA was employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The calibration curves were found linear (0.99) for all cucuminoids; the limit of detection and quantification ranged between 1.01 µ g mL−1 to 1.16 µ g mL−1 and 2.30 µ g mL−1 to 3.05 µ g mL−1, respectively, while recovery values ranged between 97.97% to 98.32%. The amount of curcumin varied from 0.46% to 2.17%, DMC from 0.13% to 0.92% and BDMC from 0.06% to 0.52%. The validated method was successively used to determine the above compounds in C. longa rhizomes. The TPC in rhizomes ranged from 14.12 mg g−1 to 27.72 mg g−1. The chemical composition of rhizome essential oil, analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS,) showed large variations in major compounds like ar-tumerone (7.31–38.66%), β-curcumene (1.58–24.53%), and curlone (1.55–15.97%).


X: -0.048466757 Y: 12.376205title: Study on performance evaluation of hybrid drier for turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) drying at village scale publish year: 2006 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Use of petroleum fuel or electricity for drying of agricultural produce is an expensive process at village scale in developing countries. Therefore, an appropriate technology for drying of agricultural produce has been developed and its performance for the drying of turmeric rhizomes has been evaluated. A direct type natural convection solar cum biomass drier was developed. The system is capable of generating an adequate and continuous flow of hot air temperature between 55 and 60 °C. Turmeric rhizomes were successfully dried in developed system. Dried turmeric rhizomes obtained under solar biomass (hybrid) drying by two different treatments viz., water boiling and slicing were similar in quality with respect to physical appearance like color, texture etc but there is significant variation in volatile oil. The quantitative analysis showed that the traditional drying i.e., open sun drying had taken 11 days to dry the rhizomes while solar biomass drier took only 1.5 days and produced better quality produce. The efficiency of the whole unit obtained was 28.57%.


X: 0.4140579 Y: 12.812714title: Classification of Curcuma longa and Curcuma zanthorrhiza using transfer learning publish year: 2022 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Curcuma zanthorrhiza (temulawak) are members of the Zingiberaceae family that contain curcuminoids, essential oils, starch, protein, fat, cellulose, and minerals. The nutritional content proportion of turmeric is different from temulawak which implies differences in economic value. However, only a few people who understand herbal plants, can identify the difference between them. This study aims to build a model that can distinguish between the two species of Zingiberaceae based on the image captured from a mobile phone camera. A collection of images consisting of both types of rhizomes are used to build a model through a learning process using transfer learning, specifically pre-trained VGG-19 and Inception V3 with ImageNet weight. Experimental results show that the accuracy rates of the models to classify the rhizomes are 92.43% and 94.29%, consecutively. These achievements are quite promising to be used in various practical use.


X: 1.0563684 Y: 12.996354title: Sesquiterpene and Phenylpropanoids from Curcuma longa publish year: 2010 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: A sesquiterpene and two phenylpropanoids were isolated from the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of a methanol extract of the rhizomes of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated as turmerone (1), trans-p-coumaric acid (2) and trans-ferulic acid (3) by extensive spectroscopic studies, including high field NMR and GCMS analyses. Introduction Curcuma longa (Family-Zingiberaceae, Bengali name-Halud) is a perennial herb that measures up to 1m high with a short stem and distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is widely cultivated in Asiatic countries such as Bangladesh, India and China (Araujo and Leon, 2001). The multicomponent essential oils of turmeric have antiviral (Kim et al., 2009), anti HIV (De Clercq, 2000), antibacterial (De et al., 2009), antioxidant (Singh et al., 2010) and antimutagenicity (Guddadarangavvanahally et al., 2002) properties. Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol derived from the rhizomes of C. longa possesses antioxidative, anticarcinogenic (Nishinaka et al., 2007; Bar-Sela et al., 2010), anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory (Ravindran et al., 2010) and hypolipidemic activities (Babu and Srinivasan, 1997). Previous phytochemical studies with Curcuma species led to the isolation of several sesquiterpenes such as wenyujinlactone A, neolita-mone A, zedoarondiol, isozedoarondiol, aerugidiol, curcumol, curdione, (1R,10R)-epoxy-(-)-1,10-dihydrocurdine (Wang et al., 2007) and parviflorene F (Ohtsuki et al., 2008) and some curcuminoids e.g., curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin (Pozharitskaya et al., 2008). We, herein, report the isolation of turmerone (1), trans-p-coumaric acid (2) and trans-ferulic acid (3) from the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of a methanol extract of C. longa.


X: 1.0283589 Y: 12.6438055title: Antifungal activity of Curcuma longa grown in Thailand publish year: 2000 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Curcuma longa Linn. or turmeric (Zingiberaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used and cultivated in tropical regions. According to Thai traditional texts, fresh and dried rhizomes are used as peptic ulcer treatment, carminatives, wound treatment and anti-inflammatory agent. Using hydro distillation, 1.88% and 7.02% (v/w) volatile oils were extracted from fresh and dried rhizomes, respectively, and 6.95% (w/w)crude curcuminoids were extracted from dried rhizomes. Dried powder was extracted with 95% ethanol and yielded 29.52% (w/w) crude ethanol extract composed of curcumin (11.6%), demethoxycurcumin (10.32%) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (10.77%). These extracts were tested for antifungal activity by agar disc diffusion method against 29 clinical strains of dermatophytes. It was found that crude ethanol extract exhibited an inhibition zone range of 6.1 to 26.0 mm. There was no inhibition activity from crude curcuminoids while curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycutcumin gave different inhibition zone diameters ranging from 6.1 to 16.0 mm. Although antifungal activity of undiluted freshly distilled oil and 18-month-old oil revealed some differences, the inhibition zone diameters for both extracts varied within 26.1 to 46.0 mm. With 200 mg/ml ketoconazole, the activities of the standard agent were similar to the oil, both freshly distilled and 18-month-old, but were significantly different from those of curcuminoid compounds and crude ethanol extracts (p < 0.01). Turmeric oil was also tested for its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth dilution method. The MICs of freshly distilled and 18-month-old oils were 7.8 and 7.2 mg/ml respectively.


X: 1.417326 Y: 13.637216title: Antiinflammatory effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) publish year: 2021 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Inflammation is a response to an injury and infection by the immune system. Based on visual observation the ancients characterized inflammation by five cardinal signs, namely, redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function. Persistent inflammation can lead to undesired health effects, including cancer. Hence, it is necessary to neutralize redness. Medicinal plants such as herbs and spices play a vital role in treating pathologies associated with inflammatory reactions. Spices possess antiinflammatory activity and have a long history of quick remedy in terms of inflammatory conditions, including fevers, migraine, and arthritis. Many of the diseases in the modern world are to be due to inflammation; consequently, spices, namely, turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale), help to cure inflammatory conditions. The active chemical compounds have proved a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities either in the form of powder, extracts, or in its isolated compounds with minimum side effects. This paper reviews the antiinflammatory activity of turmeric (C. longa) and ginger (Z. officinale).


X: 2.6552987 Y: 13.682721title: Curcuma longa as feed additive in broiler bird and its patho-physiological effects publish year: 2007 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Broiler birds (Vencob chicken of 3 days old) when given feed mixed with powdered rhizome of Curcuma longa (CL; @ 1 g/kg) for 42 days of age, showed significant decrease in serum uric acid and albumin as compared to control, whereas significant increase was recorded in the level of serum total protein and globulin. Level of serum glucose, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase and calcium showed no significant variation between the two groups. Micronutrient assay revealed significantly higher level of manganese, zinc, iron and copper in treated group as compared to control group. HA/HI test revealed better humoral response against RD vaccine in CL administered birds. Haematological study showed significantly higher haemoglobin and absolute neutrophil count in treated group. Addition of CL as feed additive also resulted in better growth rate, feed consumption and F:C efficiency in the treated birds. Thus, it could be concluded that powdered CL might be a useful feed additive, since it enhanced the F:C efficiency and had nephroprotective properties.


X: 1.6017431 Y: 13.139109title: Antiviral effect of Curcuma longa Linn extract against hepatitis B virus replication publish year: 2009 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: A medicinal herb Curcuma longa Linn has been used for treating various liver diseases caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Asia.
The study was performed in order to investigate the antiviral activity of Curcuma longa Linn against HBV replication in liver cells.
Aqueous extract of Curcuma longa Linn (CLL) was prepared and used to analyze its antiviral activity against HBV replication in HepG 2.2.15 cells, which contain HBV genomes. The inhibitory effect of CLL on HBV replication was examined by testing the levels of secreted HBV surface antigens (HBsAg), HBV DNAs, and HBV RNAs in HepG 2.2.15 cells using ELISA, Southern blot, and Northern blot analyses. Cytotoxic activities of CLL extract on various liver cells were analyzed by MTT assay. To dissect the inhibitory mechanism of CLL extract on HBV replication, the levels of p53 protein and p53 mRNAs were analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR in HepG 2.2.15 cells. The repression of CLL extract on HBV transcription was analyzed by RT-PCR and CAT assay.
CLL extract repressed the secretion of HBsAg from HepG 2.2.15 cells. CLL extract also suppressed the production of HBV particles and the level of intracellular HBV RNAs in HepG 2.2.15 cells, suggesting that CLL extract inhibits HBV replication. We found that the anti-HBV activity of CLL extract is mediated through enhancing the cellular accumulation of p53 protein by transactivating the transcription of p53 gene as well as increasing the stability of p53 protein. It turned out that CLL extract repressed the transcription of HBx gene by suppressing HBV enhancer I and X promoter through p53 protein. In addition, CLL extract did not have any cytotoxic effects on liver cells.
These data showed that CLL extract represses HBV replication through enhancing the level of p53 protein. CLL extract can be used as a safe and specific drug for patients with liver diseases caused by HBV infection.


X: 1.2119164 Y: 13.69613title: Acute and subchronic toxicity as well as mutagenic evaluation of essential oil from turmeric (Curcuma longa L) publish year: 2012 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The present study investigated the acute, subchronic and genotoxicity of turmeric essential oil (TEO) from Curcuma longa L. Acute administration of TEO was done as single dose up to 5 g of TEO per kg body weight and subchronic toxicity study for thirteen weeks was done by daily oral administration of TEO at doses 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg b.wt. in Wistar rats. There were no mortality, adverse clinical signs or changes in body weight; water and food consumption during acute as well as subchronic toxicity studies. Indicators of hepatic function such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were unchanged in treated animals compared to untreated animals. Oral administration of TEO for 13 weeks did not alter total cholesterol, triglycerides, markers of renal function, serum electrolyte parameters and histopathology of tissues. TEO did not produce any mutagenicity to Salmonella typhimurium TA-98, TA-100, TA-102 and TA-1535 with or without metabolic activation. Administration of TEO to rats (1 g/kg b.wt) for 14 days did not produce any chromosome aberration or micronuclei in rat bone marrow cells and did not produce any DNA damage as seen by comet assay confirming the non toxicity of TEO.


X: 0.9886475 Y: 14.155809title: Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) volatile oil inhibits key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes publish year: 2012 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Anti-diabetic capacity of Curcuma longa volatile oil in terms of its ability to inhibit glucosidase activities was evaluated. Turmeric volatile oils inhibited glucosidase enzymes more effectively than the reference standard drug acarbose. Drying of rhizomes was found to enhance α-glucosidase (IC(50) = 1.32-0.38 μg/ml) and α-amylase (IC(50) = 64.7-34.3 μg/ml) inhibitory capacities of volatile oils. Ar-Turmerone, the major volatile component in the rhizome also showed potent α-glucosidase (IC(50) = 0.28 μg) and α-amylase (IC(50) = 24.5 μg) inhibition.


X: 1.1058987 Y: 12.639083title: Isolation and characterization of bacterial endophytes of Curcuma longa L publish year: 2016 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Fourteen endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. were characterized on the basis of morphology, biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolates were identified to six strains namely Bacillus cereus (ECL1), Bacillus thuringiensis (ECL2), Bacillus sp. (ECL3), Bacillus pumilis (ECL4), Pseudomonas putida (ECL5), and Clavibacter
michiganensis (ECL6). All the strains produced IAA and solubilized phosphate and only two strains produced siderophore (ECL3 and ECL5) during plant growth promoting trait analysis. All the endophytic strains utilized glucose, sucrose and yeast extract as a carbon source where as glycine, alanine, cystine and glutamine as nitrogen source. The strains were mostly sensitive to antibiotic chloramphenicol followed by erythromycin while resistant to polymixin B. The endophytic strains effectively inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and some of the fungal strain like Fusarium solani and Alterneria alternata. The strain ECL2 and ECL4 tolerated maximum 8 % of NaCl concentration where as strains ECL5 and ECL6 6 % in salinity tolerance.


X: 0.91514015 Y: 13.131256title: The Biosynthetic Pathway of Curcuminoid in Turmeric ( Curcuma longa ) as Revealed by 13 C-Labeled Precursors publish year: 2008 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: In order to investigate the biosynthesis of curcuminoid in rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa), we established an in vitro culture system of turmeric plants for feeding (13)C-labeled precursors. Analyses of labeled desmethoxycurcumin (DMC), an unsymmetrical curcuminoid, by (13)C-NMR, revealed that one molecule of acetic acid or malonic acid and two molecules of phenylalanine or phenylpropanoids, but not tyrosine, were incorporated into DMC. The incorporation efficiencies of the same precursors into DMC and curcumin were similar, and were in the order malonic acid > acetic acid, and cinnamic acid > p-coumaric acid > ferulic acid. These results suggest the possibility that the pathway to curcuminoids utilized two cinnamoyl CoAs and one malonyl CoA, and that hydroxy- and methoxy-functional groups on the aromatic rings were introduced after the formation of the curcuminoid skeleton.


X: 1.7321973 Y: 13.183027title: Molecular targets for the management of cancer using Curcuma longa Linn. phytoconstituents: A Review publish year: 2020 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Medicinal plants are being used for therapeutic purposes since the dawn of human civilization. The therapeutic efficacy of medicinal plants is due to the presence of wide range phytochemical constituents or secondary metabolites. The medicinal plants are traditionally used for several types of ailments. Even in those pathological conditions where other methods of treatment fail to work. Curcuma longa Linn is very common ingredient used as spice in foods as preservative and coloring material in different part of the world. It has been used as a home remedy for a variety of diseases. Curcuma longa and its isolated constituent curcumin are widely evaluated for anticancer activity. Curcumin possesses broad remedial potential due to its multi-targeting effect against many different carcinoma including leukemia, genitourinary cancers, gastrointestinal cancers and breast cancer etc. Hence, Curcumin has potential for the development of new medicine for the treatment of several diseases.


X: 1.6487547 Y: 13.497999title: Identification of a novel compound (β-sesquiphellandrene) from turmeric (Curcuma longa) with anticancer potential: Comparison with curcumin publish year: 2015 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Considering that as many as 80 % of the anticancer drugs have their roots in natural products derived from traditional medicine, we examined compounds other than curcumin from turmeric (Curcuma longa) that could exhibit anticancer potential. Present study describes the isolation and characterization of another turmeric-derived compound, β-sesquiphellandrene (SQP) that exhibits anticancer potential comparable to that of curcumin. We isolated several compounds from turmeric, including SQP, α-curcumene, ar-turmerone, α-turmerone, β-turmerone, and γ-turmerone, only SQP was found to have antiproliferative effects comparable to those of curcumin in human leukemia, multiple myeloma, and colorectal cancer cells. While lack of the NF-κB-p65 protein had no effect on the activity of SQP, lung cancer cells that expressed p53 were more susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of SQP than were cells that lacked p53 expression. SQP was also found to be highly effective in suppressing cancer cell colony formation and inducing apoptosis, as shown by assays of intracellular esterase activity, plasma membrane integrity, and cell-cycle phase. SQP was found to induce cytochrome c release and activate caspases that lead to poly ADP ribose polymerase cleavage. SQP exposure was associated with downregulation of cell survival proteins such cFLIP, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, c-IAP1, and survivin. Furthermore, SQP was found to be synergistic with the chemotherapeutic agents velcade, thalidomide and capecitabine. Overall, our results indicate that SQP has anticancer potential comparable to that of curcumin.


X: 0.66032135 Y: 12.808309title: Chemical composition of Curcuma Longa leaves and rhizome oil from the plains of Northern India publish year: 2009 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Hydro distillation of rhizomes and leaves of Curcuma longa resulted in the isolation of 0.36% and 0.53% of oils (w/v) respectively on a fresh weight basis. GC and GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of 73 constituents in rhizomes comprising 95.2% of the oil, of which the major ones were ar-turmerone (31.7%), α-turmerone (12.9%), β-turmerone (12.0%) and (Z) β-ocimene (5.5%). In the oils, 75 constituents comprising 77.5% of the oils were identified, the major ones were α-phellantrene (9.1%), terpinolene (8.8%), 1,8-cinceole (7.3%), undecanol (7.1) and p-cymene (5.5%).


X: 1.2457274 Y: 14.208002title: Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its constituent (curcumin) on the metabolic syndrome: An updated review publish year: 2022 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Metabolic syndrome (MS) involves people with the following risk factors: obesity, hypertension, high glucose level and hyperlipidemia. It can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of MS in the world’s adult population is about 20%–25%. Today, there is much care to use medicinal plants. Turmeric) Curcuma longa(as well as curcumin which is derived from the rhizome of the plant, has been shown beneficial effects on different components of MS. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript was to introduce different in vitro, in vivo and human studies regarding the effect of turmeric and its constituent on MS. Moreover, different mechanisms of action by which this plant overcomes MS have been introduced. Based on studies, turmeric and its bioactive component, curcumin, due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, have antidiabetic effects through increasing insulin release, antihyperlipidemic effects by increasing fatty acid uptake, anti-obesity effects by decreasing lipogenesis, and antihypertensive effects by increasing nitric oxide. According to several in vivo, in vitro and human studies, it can be concluded that turmeric or curcumin has important values as a complementary therapy in MS. However, more clinical trials should be done to confirm these effects.


X: 0.41099003 Y: 13.009676title: Chemical composition of essential oils of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) publish year: 2002 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The essential oils of leaves, flowers, rhizomes and roots of turmeric (Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae) were analysed by GC-MS. The major constituent of flower oil was p-cymene-8-ol (26.0%) while leaf oil was dominated by α-phellandrene (32.6%). The rhizomes and roots contained ar-turmerone (31.0% and 46.8%, respectively) as major constituents.


X: 0.450957 Y: 13.04053title: Extraction of Essential Oil and Pigments from Curcuma longa [L.] by Steam Distillation and Extraction with Volatile Solvents publish year: 2003 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Curcuma longa [Linn] (turmeric), of the Zingiberaceae family, has a great importance in the food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this work was to identify the best processing conditions to maximize the yields of essential oil and pigments, as well as their content of ar-turmerone, (alpha and beta)-turmerone, and the curcuminoids, respectively. Autoclave pressure and distillation time were the variables studied for the steam distillation process. The highest yields of essential oil (0.46 wt %) and pigment (0.16 wt %)-expressed as curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin-were obtained at a pressure of 1.0 x 10(5) Pa and a time of 2 h. On the other hand, with extraction by volatile solvents, the best yield of essential oil (5.49 wt %) was obtained when using 0.175, 0.124, 0.088 mm particles (Foust, A. S.; Wenzel, L. A.; Clump, C. W.; Maus, L.; Andersen, L. B. Princípios das Operações Unitárias; Editora Guanabara Dois S.A.: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1982), at 40 degrees C, and 6 h of extraction. However, the best yield of pigment (7.98 wt %) was obtained under the same conditions, except for the temperature (30 degrees C).


X: 1.2976404 Y: 13.928762title: The Spice For Hypertension: Protective Role of Curcuma Longa publish year: 2018 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Untreated hypertension is a major cause for a variety of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of hypertension. Elevation of blood pressure is attributed to an impairment between the balance of antioxidants and pro-oxidants. Over generation of free radicals causes a reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability. Eventually, this will increase total peripheral resistance and lead to endothelial dysfunction. Hypertension does not usually cause noticeable symptoms until it reaches the advanced stage to bring serious health problems with lifelong complications. Hypertensive patients are required to take medications for indefinite period of time to prevent further deterioration. Many of these therapeutic agents are expensive and may have unwanted adverse reactions. Curcuma longa (CL) or turmeric is one of the alternative herbs which confers medicinal properties. This review aims to summarise the effects of CL and its active constituents on blood pressure derived from preclinical and clinical published articles. Studies documented that CL and its active constituents could reduce blood pressure. These were achieved by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity, calcium (II) ion concentration interference, â 2 -adrenergic receptor activation, and renin-angiotensin system inhibition. There is a potential role of CL in the management of hypertension. However, limited studies of CL have been conducted on human. Thus, more well-planned studies should be carried out to ascertain its effectiveness.


X: 0.32799834 Y: 12.964227title: ESSENTIAL OIL OF Curcuma longa L. RHIZOMES CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, YIELD VARIATION AND STABILITY publish year: 2020 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a medicinal plant that is cultivated worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the variability in the percentage and the chemical composition of volatile oils from 12 turmeric samples. Rhizomes of the turmeric plant were collected from three different producers in the Brazilian like savanna (Cerrado) habitat in the state of Bahia. The chemical composition of the oils derived from the rhizomes was analysed by thin-layer chromatography and GC-MS. The average oil content was 3.97% ± 0.61%, varying from 3.0% to 5.16%. There were differences between producers; however, all samples met the specification of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis revealed qualitative similarity in both oil and curcuminoid components among the samples. The major components identified in the oils by gas chromatography were ar-turmerone (40.00% ± 13.20%), α-turmerone (10.05% ± 2.90%) and curlone (22.73% ± 12.72%). Regarding stability, there was a difference between the essential oil percentages after 6 months, but the content was maintained adequate and the chromatographic profile remained similar. The vegetable raw material obtained from C. longa rhizomes produced in the western region of the state of Bahia met the quality requirement of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia.


X: 1.0313206 Y: 14.178483title: Turmerin, the antioxidant protein from turmeric (Curcuma longa) exhibits antihyperglycaemic effects Turmerin, the antioxidant protein from turmeric (Curcuma longa) exhibits antihyperglycaemic effects publish year: 2011 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: 2012): Turmerin, the antioxidant protein from turmeric (Curcuma longa) exhibits antihyperglycaemic effects, A wide range of proteinaceous inhibitors are present in plants to protect themselves from hydrolytic enzymes. In this study, turmerin, a water-soluble peptide in turmeric rhizomes, was evaluated for its inhibitory potential against glucosidase and its antioxidant (AO) capacity. Turmerin inhibited -amylase and -glucosidase activities with IC 50 values 31 and 192 mg mL À1 , respectively. Under the experimental conditions, those values for a standard glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, were 81 and 296 mg mL À1 , respectively. The AO capacity of turmerin was evaluated using in vitro assay systems. Turmerin showed good DPPH (IC 50 ¼ 29 mg mL À1) and superoxide (IC 50 ¼ 48 mg mL À1) and moderate ABTS (IC 50 ¼ 83 mg mL À1) radical scavenging and Fe(II) chelation (IC 50 ¼ 101 mg mL À1) capacities. The inhibitory potential showed by turmerin against enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, as well as its moderate AO capacity, could rationalise the traditional usage of turmeric rhizome preparations against diabetes.


X: 1.6835985 Y: 13.473677title: Neuroprotective role of curcumin from Curcuma longa on ethanol-induced brain damage publish year: 1999 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: In the present study, curcumin from Curcuma longa was screened for neuroprotective activity using ethanol as a model of brain injury. Oral administration of curcumin to rats caused a significant reversal in lipid peroxidation, brain lipids and produced enhancement of glutathione, a non-enzymic antioxidant in ethanol intoxicated rats, revealing that the antioxidative and hypolipidaemic action of curcumin is responsible for its protective role against ethanol induced brain injury. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


X: 1.4246578 Y: 13.9211445title: The Golden Spice Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and Its Feasible Benefits in Prospering Human Health-A Review publish year: 2021 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: From the evolution of the mankind, Turmeric has been used in conventional medication. India is in lead for producing, marketing and exporting the Turmeric and its value added products. Curcuma longa (Turmeric) is an In-dian rhizomatous medicinal herb from the Zingiberaceae family that is common and widely available across the globe. The components of Turmeric are curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin and these are collectively known as curcuminoids. Curcumin, the active ingredient of Tur-meric is generally investigated by the scientific community for its wide range of antioxidant activity, anti-Inflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity, anti-metabolic syndrome activities, neuroprotective activity, antimicrobial effects, anti-arthritis effects, anti-viral effects, anti-asthma and anti-diabetic effects , anti-obesity, cardio and liver toxicity protection activity, anti-depression How to cite this paper: Sahoo, and anxiety activities. Turmeric has been widely used as a typical household treatment for cough, sore throat, respiratory ailments and could be an effective immunity booster against SARS-CoV-2 therapy during the ongoing pandemic situation. Safety evaluation studies indicate that both turmeric and curcumin are well tolerated at a very high dose without any toxic effects. Thus, turmeric and its constituents have the potential for the development of modern medicine for the treatment of various diseases. So in this review, we describe the various metabolic roles of curcumin and activities for the benefit of human health.


X: 0.5897133 Y: 12.68975title: Composition and bioactivity assessment of essential oils of Curcuma longa L. collected in China publish year: 2017 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Curcuma longa L. rhizomes collected from 20 different habitats in China are used to analyze yield, composition and bioactivity of essential oils extracted from them. The yield of the 20 essential oils vary from 4.03 to 5.27% depending on the habitat where they were collected. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), 81 components are identified in the 20 essential oils, and their major compounds are ar-turmerone (0.92–42.85%), β-turmerone (5.13–42.54%), α-zingiberene (0.25–25.05%), ar-curcumene (1.21–15.70%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (0.05–14.88%). The essential oils of rhizomes collected from different habitats exhibit different antimicrobial activities, and the essential oils from Guangxi have generally better activities. These essential oils also show different DPPH (IC50, 4.37–11.59 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50, 4.21–13.25 μg/mL) radical-scavenging activities, being most of them more effective than Trolox C (IC50, 10.72 and 11.42 μg/mL). They also exhibit significantly different cytotoxicity against B16 cells (IC50, 13.96–135.97 μg/mL) and LNCaP cell (IC50, 19.63–127.81 μg/mL), and essential oils from Luchuan in Guangxi have the highest cytotoxicity. Some essential oils show outstanding anti-inflammatory activities by markedly down-regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in vivo. Therefore, Curcuma longa L. rhizome, one of the popular traditional Chinese medicines with excellent bioactivities, can be more rationally utilized based on their chemical composition and bioactivity in the further.


X: 1.8248825 Y: 13.829257title: Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the Treatment of 10 Types of Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 31 Randomized Controlled Trials publish year: 2022 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Objective
To evaluate the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Methods
Databases such as Embase, Web of Science, PubMed and The Cochrane Library were searched from the database establishment to February 2022 to collect RCTs of Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Then the literature was screened and the data were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results
A total of 34 records were included, involving 31 RCTs and 10 types of autoimmune disease. Among them, ankylosing spondylitis (AS) involves one RCT, Behcet ‘s disease (BD) involves one RCT, Crohn ‘s disease involves two RCTs, multiple sclerosis (MS) involves two RCTs, oral lichen planus involves six RCTs, psoriasis involves two RCTs, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves five RCTs, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) involves two RCTs, arteritis involves one RCT, ulcerative colitis (UC) involves nine RCTs. Among them, most of the RCTs of ulcerative colitis (UC), oral lichen planus, RA showed that curcumin and curcumin extracts improved clinical or laboratory results. Crohn ‘ s disease, MS, SLE, psoriasis included two RCTs; they all showed improvements (at least one RCT reported improvements in clinical outcomes). AS, BD and arteritis included only one RCT, and the clinical results showed improvement. However, due to the small number of RCTs and the small number of patients involved in each disease, there is still a need for more high-quality RCTs.

Conclusion
Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract had good clinical efficacy in the treatment of Psoriasis, UC and RA, so Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract could be used in the treatment of the above diseases in the future. The results of Meta-analysis showed that Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract did not show efficacy in the treatment of oral lichen planus, while Takayasu arteritis, SLE, MS, AS, BD and CD did not report sufficient clinical data for meta-analysis. Therefore, large-sample, multi-center clinical trials are still needed for revision or validation.


X: -2.0740104 Y: 11.32102title: Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Curcuma longa tuber powder publish year: 2012 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Green synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles is a vastly developing area of research. Metallic nanoparticles have received great attention from chemists, physicists, biologists, and engineers who wish to use them for the development of a new-generation of nanodevices. In this study, silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized from aqueous silver nitrate through a simple and eco-friendly route using Curcuma longa tuber-powder extracts, which acted as a reductant and stabilizer simultaneously. Characterizations of nanoparticles were done using different methods, which included ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The ultraviolet-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanoparticles showed an absorption peak at around 415 nm. Transmission electron microscopy showed that mean diameter and standard deviation for the formation of silver nanoparticles was 6.30 ± 2.64 nm. Powder X-ray diffraction showed that the particles are crystalline in nature, with a face-centered cubic structure. The most needed outcome of this work will be the development of value-added products from C. longa for biomedical and nanotechnology-based industries.


X: 0.87678367 Y: 13.127819title: Quality Characteristics of Fish Paste Containing Curcuma longa L. Powder publish year: 2012 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: This study was conducted to investigate rheological and sensory characteristics of fish paste prepared with Curcuma longa L. powder (0, 1, 3, 5, 7%). The moisture content of the fish paste ranged from 71.35 to 72.97%. Increasing the amount of Curcuma longa L. powder in the fish paste tended to decrease the pH value and the folding test good score in all samples. Increasing the amount of Curcuma longa L. powder in the fish paste also tended to decrease the lightness (L) in the hunter color value, but to increase the redness (a) and yellowness (b). For the textural characteristics, the addition of Curcuma longa L. powder increased the strength and decreased the springiness. In a sensory evaluation, the addition of 3% Curcuma longa L. powder had the best score in taste and overall preference. Therefore, this results suggest that adding 3% Curcuma longa L. powder would be feasible for making Curcuma longa L. fish paste.


X: 1.7471328 Y: 13.714543title: Investigation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Curcuma longa in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients publish year: 2010 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Helicobacter pylori infection of the lining of the stomach induces an array of inflammatory cytokine production leading to gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on the production of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in gastric mucosa from H. pylori-infected gastritis patients. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either OAM (Omeprazole, Amoxicillin and Metronidazole) treatment or a course of curcumin. Gastric biopsies were collected before and after treatment and were examined for the level of inflammatory cytokines mRNA by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The eradication rate of H. pylori in patients that received OAM treatment was significantly higher than the patients that received curcumin (78.9% versus 5.9%). The levels of IL-8 mRNA expression in the OAM group significantly decreased after treatment, but no changes of other cytokines were found. This emphasizes an important role of IL-8 in H. pylori infection. The decreases of cytokine production were not found in the curcumin group. We concluded that curcumin alone may have limited anti-bactericidal effect on H. pylori, and on the production of inflammatory cytokines. Nevertheless, other studies have reported that patients treated with curcumin had relieved symptoms. Further investigation should be carried out as the use of curcumin in combination with therapeutic regimens may be beneficial as an alternative treatment.


X: 0.8103426 Y: 12.498701title: Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Curcuma longa L. Kasur Variety publish year: 2013 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The essential oil from the leaves of Curcuma longa L. Kasur variety grown in Pakistan was extracted by hydro-distillation. Chemical constituents of the essential oil were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The chromatographic analysis of oil showed 25 constituents, out of which nine chemical constituents were identified. The eucalyptol (10.27%) was the major component of the essential oil. α-pinene (1.50%), β-phellandrene (2.49%), β-pinene (3.57%), limonene (2.73%), 1,3,8-p-menthatriene (1.76%), ascaridole epoxide (1.452%), 2-methylisoborneol (2.92%), 5-isopropyl-6-methyl-hepta-3, dien-2-ol (2.07%) were also present in considerable quantity. The antimicrobial properties of leaves of Curcuma longa were tested by disc diffusion method against various human pathogens, including eight fungal and five bacterial strains. Essential oil showed maximum resistance against Fusarium miniformes MAY 3629 followed by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 whereas; it exhibited least resistance against Fusarium oxysporium ATCC 48122. The results of the antimicrobial assay revealed that essential oil showed significant inhibitory activity against the tested organisms.


X: 1.0923333 Y: 12.6518755title: Fungicidal Property of Curcuma longa L. Rhizome-Derived Curcumin against Phytopathogenic Fungi in a Greenhouse publish year: 2003 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Fungicidal activity of Curcuma longa rhizome-derived materials against Botrytis cineria, Erysiphe graminis, Phytophthora infestans, Puccinia recondita, Pyricularia oryzae, and Rhizoctonia solani was tested using a whole plant method in vivo. It was compared with synthetic fungicides and four commercially available compounds derived from C. longa. The response varied with the tested plant pathogen. At 1000 mg/L, the hexane extract of C. longa showed fungicidal activities against E.graminis, P. infestans, and R. solani, and the ethyl acetate extract of C. longa showed fungicidal activities against B. cineria, P. infestans, Pu. recondita, and R. solani. Curcumin was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction using chromatographic techniques and showed fungicidal activities against P. infestans, Pu. recondita, and R. solani with 100, 100, and 63% control values at 500 mg/L and 85, 76, and 45% control values at 250 mg/L, respectively. In the test with components derived from C. longa, turmerone exhibited weak activity against E. graminis, but no activity was observed from treatments with borneol, 1,8-cineole, sabinene, and turmerone. In comparison, potent fungicidal activity with chlorothalonil against P. infestans at 50 mg/L and dichlofluanid against B. cinerea at 50 mg/L was exhibited. These results may be an indication of at least one of the fungicidal actions of curcumin derived from C. longa.


X: 1.0715779 Y: 13.189319title: Curcuma longa leaves exhibits a potential antioxidant, antibacterial and immunomodulating properties publish year: 2011 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The use of herbs to treat illness has its roots in an ancient holistic healing tradition that originated in Asia more than 3000 years ago. Plants rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites like tannins, terpanoids, alkaloids, alkaloids and flavonoids, which have been found in vitro to have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.Turmeric, a representative of plant genus Curcuma, is the member of ginger family, Zingiberaceae. There are five different varieties we have taken Curcuma amada, Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma longa, Curcuma zeodaria, Curcuma caesia. The active substance of turmeric is the polyphenol curcumin, also known as natural yellow 3. It exists at atleast 2 tautomeric forms, keto and enol. It has aroma and flavour and it is used in cosmetics and food additive besides medicinal properties. The present study is a new attempt in leaves segments of the plant Curcuma longa to prove the medicinal potential of the whole plant. This study also includes the comparison of the different species of Curcuma. The active constituents of turmeric are the flavonoid curcumin and volatile oils including turmeron, atlanton and gingibaron. Our experiments are based on 50% methanolic extract of Curcuma leaves to perform anti bacterial, anti oxidant and immunomodulating properties. The antibacterial activity has been done by the help of Disc Diffusion Susceptibility Testing (Kirby-Bauer Method) against four species of bacteria which include Bacillus cereus, Diploccocus pneumoneae, Streptococcus pyrogens & Micrococcus glutamicus. Antioxidant activity has been detected by the Fenton's reaction. Immunomodulation activity has been seen in curcuma leaves. The results of the present study reveal that all the five species of curcuma exhibit an antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity on different concentration of leave extract. The extract was found to increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages against yeast cells. However, the best activity has been revealed by curcuma longa among the all species of curcuma. In near future the pharmaceuticals studies can be extended to prove its tremendous medicinal properties in case of drug preparation for immune cell properties enhancement and to prove its potential value unlike Curcuma rhizome.


X: 0.48933345 Y: 13.40877title: Comparison of chemical composition and antioxidant potential of volatile oil from fresh, dried and cured turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes publish year: 2012 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The present work was conducted to assess and compare the chemical composition of volatile oils from fresh, dried and cured turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes from a selected single source. In addition, their antioxidant and radical scavenging potentials were correlated with chemical composition. Major components were ar-turmerone (21.0â€“30.3%), Î±-turmerone (26.5â€“33.5%) and Î²-turmerone (18.9â€“21.1%). Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values were 38.9, 68.0 and 66.9 Î¼M at 1 mg of oil/ml for fresh, dried and cured rhizome respectively in ABTS assay. IC50 values for fresh, dried and cured rhizome oil to quench DPPH radicals were 4.4, 3.5 and 3.9 mg of oil/ml respectively. Fresh, dried and cured rhizome oils showed antioxidant capacity of 358, 686 and 638 mM of ascorbic acid equivalents per 1 mg of oil respectively. The rhizome oil shows good reducing potential and was concentration dependent. It is inferred that the cured rhizomes provided high yield of volatile oil with appreciably high antioxidant potential.


X: 1.8029523 Y: 13.577104title: A hot water extract of Curcuma longa inhibits adhesion molecule protein expression and monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-stimulated human endothelial cells publish year: 2015 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The recruitment of arterial leukocytes to endothelial cells is an important step in the progression of various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, its modulation is thought to be a prospective target for the prevention or treatment of such diseases. Adhesion molecules on endothelial cells are induced by proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and contribute to the recruitment of leukocytes. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hot water extract of Curcuma longa (WEC) on the protein expression of adhesion molecules, monocyte adhesion induced by TNF-α in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment of HUVECs with WEC significantly suppressed both TNF-α-induced protein expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte adhesion. WEC also suppressed phosphorylation and degradation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) induced by TNF-α in HUVECs, suggesting that WEC inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway.


X: 1.5511957 Y: 13.427331title: Cardioprotective effects of Curcuma longa L. extracts against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats publish year: 2010 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: This study was designed to investigate the possible mechanisms whereby Curcuma longa could protect against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Administration of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg i.p.) induced cardiomyopathy manifested by significant elevation in serum creatine kinase MB (Ck-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities. In addition, cardiotoxicity was further confirmed by significant increase in each of serum and cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA) level, serum iron and nitric oxide concentrations, cardiac calcium level, catalase and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activities as well as by the noticeable reduction in cardiac total antioxidant capacity, vitamin C levels and blood glutathione (GSH) concentration. Oral administration of Curcuma longa ethanolic or water extract (200 mg/kg) prior to doxorubicin produced a significant protection which was evidenced by significant reduction in mortality, CK-MB and LDH -activities. Moreover, they significantly increased GSH markedly, decreased cardiac calcium, and cardiac and serum MDA. In addition, both extracts significantly reduced serum nitric oxide, increased cardiac ascorbic acid, and ameliorated the antioxidant enzymes activities. In conclusion, Curcuma longa extracts renders resiliency against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity due to their contents of polyphenolic compounds that might serve as novel adjuvant therapy with doxorubicin.


X: 1.3115587 Y: 13.164011title: Curcuma Longa: Staining Effect on Histomorphology of the Testis publish year: 2012 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Background: The use of non-allergic, non-toxic and eco-friendly natural dyes has become a matter of significant importance due to the increased environmental awareness in order to avoid some hazardous synthetic dyes. Method: The ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa was diluted using 1% acetic acid in 70% ethanol to a concentration of 0.2 g/ml. It was used to stain histological sections of the testes for 15 minutes. Curcuma longa was also used as a counter stain for Haematoxylin. Phytochemical constituents were investigated. Results: The Curcuma longa dye distinctly stained the seminiferous epithelium and interstitium yellow. Curcuma longa provided a good counter stain for Haematoxylin, taking up the acidic staining characteristics with Haematoxylin staining the basic staining characteristics. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids. Conclusion: Curcuma longa has good potential for use as a counter stain for Haematoxylin in the staining of tissues in lieu of Eosin.


X: 2.672517 Y: 13.731898title: Use of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance and some physiological traits on the broiler diets publish year: 2012 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: This study was conducted at the poultry farm ,Veterinary Public Health .,College of Veterinary Medicine, to study the effect of Tumeric (Curcuma longa) on broiler performance and some physiological traits .Two hundred fifty day-old (Rose308) broiler chicks were all located randomly to five treatments from 1-42 days of age, with tow replicate pens (25 birds /pen) per treatment. Chicks were fed the following :-Diet (1)Using basal diet free from herbal plants kept as control , Diet (2) Basal diet + 0.25% of Curcuma longa (250 gm/100kg of feed) Diet (3) Basal diet + 0.50% of Curcuma longa (500 gm/100kg of feed).Diet (4) Basal diet + 1% 0f Curcuma longa (1000 gm/100kg of feed).Diet (5) Basal diet plus 1.5 % of Curcuma longa (1500 gm/100kg of feed).Results revealed that the inclusion of turmeric at the levels of 0.50% in the diets improved body weight ,feed conversion ratio ,there were a significant difference in feed consumption. At the same time there was no significant difference for edible parts, were as found significant difference (P˂ 0.05) for dressing percent for all treatments treat with compare for control group. At the same time there was no significant difference in PCV, RBC, Hb, WBC while there was significant difference in H/L ratio, Albumin and globulin.


X: 1.1641909 Y: 14.207935title: Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of combination of Curcumin from Curcuma longa, Linn, and partially purified product from Abroma augusta, Linn. in streptozotocin induced diabetes publish year: 2002 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Dietary spice components ofCurcuma longa andAbroma augusta have been screened for their protective effect against reactive oxygen species induced lipid peroxidation. They have been found to be efficient antioxidant when administered in combination. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of oral administration (300mg/Kg) of the aqueous extract of turmeric whose active ingredient isCurcumin andAbromine powder as a hypoglycemic agent mixed with diet. The effect of this aqueous extract on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defense system in rat tissues like liver, lung, kidney and brain was studied for 8 weeks in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The administration of an aqueous extract of turmeric and abromine powder resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and an increase in total haemoglobin. The aqueous extract also resulted in decreased free radical formation in the tissues studied.The decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increase in reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) clearly showed the antioxidant property of the mixture. It is suggested that these changes initially counteract the oxidative stress in diabetes however, a gradual decrease in the antioxidative process may be one of the factors which results in chronic diabetes. These results indicate that the mixture of the two plants have shown antidiabetic activity and also reduced oxidative stress in diabetes. A combination ofAbroma augusta and Curcuma longa also restored the other general parameters in diabetic animals. The results were statistically analyzed and indicated that combination of herbal extracts showed better efficacy as compared to individual herbal plant extracts used.


X: 1.5543224 Y: 13.746396title: Curcuma longa (Turmeric): Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities and Toxicity Profiles- A Review publish year: 2023 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Introduction: Curcuma longa, popularly known as Turmeric, is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant used in folk medicine for the treatment, prevention, and management of various illnesses such as cancer, diabetes, Arthritis, diarrhoea, inflammation, psoriasis, hepatobiliary diseases, gastric and peptic ulcers. Results: This study reviewed the ethnomedicinal potentials, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities of C. longa. In vitro and in vivo studies reported that C. longa and its major bioactive constituent (curcumin) possess various pharmacological properties. These include; anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-osteoarthritis, antidiarrheal, cardioprotective, anti-oxidative, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-microbial, renoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. This review demonstrated that the various pharmacological activities of C. longa might be attributed to the presence of numerous bioactive compounds. However, these varying potentials have not been effectively analysed for optimal application in developing new therapies. Also, the applicability and mode of action of the different bioactive compounds found in C. longa have not been fully exploited. Conclusion: This study showed that C. longa could be exploited by pharmaceutical industries to develop pharmaceutical products. However, there is a need for human clinical trials and quality control studies to establish effective and safe doses of C. longa and its major bioactive constituent-curcumin suitable for treating several diseases.


X: -0.24300192 Y: 2.7752092title: New Sesquiterpenes (I) and Calebin Derivatives (II) from Curcuma longa publish year: 2007 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.


X: 1.2638597 Y: 12.856528title: Antimicrobial Activity of Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. on Pathogenic Bacteria of Shrimp and Chicken publish year: 2010 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Ethanol turmeric extract, hexane turmeric extract and curcuminoids (from the ethyl acetate extract of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa, which contained 86.5% curcumin) were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on 24 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from shrimp and chicken. The ethanol turmeric extract and the hexane turmeric extract showed inhibitory effects against 13 bacteria studied, namely: Vibrio harveyi, V. cholerae, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. intermidis, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus and Edwardsiella tarda. The curcuminoids showed an inhibitory effect against eight bacteria, namely: A. hydrophila, Str. agalactiae, Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. intermidis, B. subtilis, B. cereus and Ed. tarda. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the ethanol turmeric extract, curcuminoids and hexane turmeric extract ranged from 3.91 to 125, 3.91 to 500 and 125 to 1000 ppt, respectively. The results appeared to indicate that the ethanol turmeric extract has high potential to inhibit some pathogenic bacteria of shrimp and chicken to a greater degree than curcuminoids and hexane tumeric extract.


X: 1.6820202 Y: 13.985002title: A review of therapeutic potentials of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its active constituent, curcumin, on inflammatory disorders, pain, and their related patents publish year: 2021 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its constituent, curcumin, have been used for their therapeutic properties for a long time. Most of the medicinal impacts of turmeric and curcumin might be attributed to their anti‐inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant effects. In the present review, the preventive and therapeutic potentials of turmeric and its active constituent, curcumin, on inflammatory disorders and pain as well as patents related to their analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects, have been summarized to highlight their value on human health. A literature review was accomplished in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Google Patent, Patentscope, and US Patent. Several documents and patents disclosed the significance of turmeric and curcumin to apply in several therapeutic, medicinal, and pharmaceutical fields. These phytocompounds could be applied as a supplementary therapy in phytotherapy, inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, osteoarthritis, psoriasis, dermatitis, and different types of pain including neuropathic pain. However, because of inadequate clinical trials, further high‐quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plant. Consistent with the human tendency to the usage of phytocompounds rather than synthetic drugs, particular consideration must be dedicated to bond the worth of turmeric and curcumin from basic sciences to clinical applications.


X: 1.2711709 Y: 13.237616title: Extraction, isolation and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Curcuminoids from Curcuma longa publish year: 2011 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) is herb and considered an effective medicine in Ayurveda. It contains number of active ingredients like curcuminoids, turmerone, etc. Curcuminoids is one of the important active ingredients and has number of medicinal uses such as anti-inflammatory, anti –HIV, antitumour, antiviral, anticancer, antifungal and ant parasitic. In present study, soxhlet extraction experiment was carried out for extraction of crude curcuminoids. Isolation of curcuminoids was done with crystallization. The anti-inflammatory activity was also evaluated.


X: 0.9293256 Y: 12.490158title: Mechanisms of antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic properties of essential oil derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on Aspergillus flavus publish year: 2017 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The antifungal activity and potential mechanisms in vitro as well as anti-aflatoxigenic efficiency in vivo of natural essential oil (EO) derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) against Aspergillus flavus was intensively investigated. Based on the previous chemical characterization of turmeric EO by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, the substantially antifungal activities of turmeric EO on the mycelial growth, spore germination and aflatoxin production were observed in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, these antifungal effects were related to the disruption of fungal cell endomembrane system including the plasma membrane and mitochondria, specifically i.e. the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis, mitochondrial ATPase, malate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase activities. Moreover, the down-regulation profiles of turmeric EO on the relative expression of mycotoxin genes in aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway revealed its anti-aflatoxigenic mechanism. Finally, the suppression effect of fungal contamination in maize indicated that turmeric EO has potential as an eco-friendly antifungal agent.


X: 1.0307978 Y: 13.486664title: Chemical Analysis of the Chinese Herbal Medicine Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) publish year: 2010 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Turmeric (Curcuma longa L., Zingiberaceae family) is a well known Chinese herbal medicine. It possesses diverse pharmacologic effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. The main bioactive constituents of C. longa include sesquiterpenes, which are responsible for its aroma, and curcuminoids, which contribute to its bright yellow color. Both sesquiterpenes and curcuminoids exhibit great potential as therapeutic agents for various diseases including colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Particularly, curcumin, one of the major curcuminoids of turmeric, has been proved to be effective in cancer treatment and prevention by recent phase I clinical trials. In order to ensure the efficacy and safety of turmeric in clinical applications, sensitive and accurate analytical methods are of significance for the comprehensive quality control of C. longa. This review summarizes recent progress in the chemical analysis of sesquiterpenes and curcuminoids in turmeric.


X: 1.8647335 Y: 13.831663title: Efficacy and Safety of Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract in the Treatment of Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial publish year: 2022 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Background
Modern pharmacological research found that the chemical components of Curcuma longa L. are mainly curcumin and turmeric volatile oil. Several recent randomized controlled trials (RCT) have shown that curcumin improves symptoms and inflammation in patients with arthritis.Methods
Pubmed, Cochran Library, CNKI, and other databases were searched to collect the randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Then, the risk of bias of RCTs were assessed and data of RCTs were extracted. Finally, RevMan 5.3 was utilized for meta-analysis.ResultsTwenty-nine (29) RCTs involving 2396 participants and 5 types of arthritis were included. The arthritis included Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Osteoarthritis (OA), Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and gout/hyperuricemia. Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract were administered in doses ranging from 120 mg to 1500 mg for a duration of 4-36 weeks. In general, Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract showed safety in all studies and improved the severity of inflammation and pain levels in these arthritis patients. However, more RCTs are needed in the future to elucidate the effect of Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract supplementation in patients with arthritis, including RA, OA, AS and JIA.Conclusion
Curcumin and Curcuma longa Extract may improve symptoms and inflammation levels in people with arthritis. However, due to the low quality and small quantity of RCTs, the conclusions need to be interpreted carefully.


X: 1.4567561 Y: 13.904607title: Cyclocurcumin, an Antivasoconstrictive Constituent of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) publish year: 2017 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Despite the increasing attention on the therapeutic potential of Curcuma longa (turmeric), the biological activities of curcuminoids other than curcumin are not well understood. Here, we investigated antivasoconstrictive activities of C. longa extract and its ingredients using freshly isolated rat aortic rings. C. longa extract significantly suppressed agonist-stimulated vasoconstriction, and cyclocurcumin was found to be the most potent (IC50 against phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction: 14.9 ± 1.0 μM) among the 10 tested ingredients including four curcuminoids. Cyclocurcumin significantly inhibited contraction of vascular smooth muscle, which was mediated by the suppression of myosin-light-chain phosphorylation and calcium influx via the L-type calcium channel. The inhibitory effect of cyclocurcumin was observed to be reversible and without cytotoxicity. Taken together, we demonstrated that cyclocurcumin, a bioactive ingredient in C. longa, may have a therapeutic potential as a novel antivasoconstrictive natural product.


X: 1.82987 Y: 13.126033title: Cytotoxic and Antitumor Effects of Curzerene from Curcuma longa publish year: 2016 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Curzerene is a sesquiterpene and component used in oriental medicine. It was originally isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Curcuma rhizomes. In this study, anticancer activity of curzerene was examined in both in vitro and in vivo models. The result of the MTT assay showed that curzerene exhibited antiproliferative effects in SPC-A1 human lung adenocarcinoma cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. The anticancer IC50s were 403.8, 154.8, and 47.0 µM for 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. The flow cytometry analysis indicated curzerene arrested the cells in the G2/M cell cycle and promoted or induced apoptosis of SPC-A1 cells. The percentage of cells arrested in the G2/M phase increased from 9.26 % in the control group cells to 17.57 % in the cells treated with the highest dose (100 µM) of curzerene. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that curzerene induced the downregulation of GSTA1 protein and mRNA expressions in SPC-A1 cells. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in SPC-A1 cell-bearing nude mice by using curzerene (135 mg/kg daily), meanwhile, curzerene did not significantly affect body mass and the organs of the mice, which may indicate that curzerene has limited toxicity and side effects in vivo. In conclusion, curzerene could inhibit the proliferation of SPC-A1 human lung adenocarcinoma cells line in both in vitro and in vivo models. Focusing on its relationship with GSTA1, curzerene could induce the downregulation of GSTA1 protein and mRNA expressions in SPC-A1 cells. Curzerene might be used as an anti-lung adenocarcinoma drug candidate compound for further development.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.


X: 0.69666874 Y: 12.252559title: Bioactivities of the Leaf Essential Oil of Curcuma Longa (Var. Ch-66) On Three Species of Stored-Product Beetles (Coleoptera) publish year: 2002 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Essential oil extracted from the leaves of turmeric, Curcuma longa L., was investigated for contact and fumigant toxicity and its effect on progeny production in three stored-product beetles, Rhyzopertha dominica F. (lesser grain borer), Sitophilus oryzae L. (rice weevil), and Tribolium castaneum Herbst (red flour beetle). Oviposition-deterrent and ovicidal actions of C. longa leaf oil were also evaluated against T. castaneum. The oil was insecticidal in both contact and fumigant toxicity assays. The adults of R. dominica were highly susceptible to contact action of C. longa leaf oil, with LD50 value of 36.71 microg/mg weight of insect, whereas in the fumigant assay, adults of S. oryzae were highly susceptible with LC50 value of 11.36 mg/liter air. Further, in T. castaneum, the C. longa oil reduced oviposition and egg hatching by 72 and 80%, respectively at the concentration of 5.2 mg/cm2. At the concentration of 40.5 mg/g food, the oil totally suppressed progeny production of all the three test insects. Nutritional indices indicate >81% antifeedant action of the oil against R. dominica, S. oryzae and T castaneum at the highest concentration tested.


X: 0.7975487 Y: 12.403531title: The Inhibitory Effects of Curcuma longa L. Essential Oil and Curcumin on Aspergillus flavus Link Growth and Morphology publish year: 2013 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The essential oil from Curcuma longa L. was analysed by GC/MS. The major components of the oil were ar-turmerone (33.2%), α -turmerone (23.5%) and β -turmerone (22.7%). The antifungal activities of the oil were studied with regard to Aspergillus flavus growth inhibition and altered morphology, as preliminary studies indicated that the essential oil from C. longa inhibited Aspergillus flavus Link aflatoxin production. The concentration of essential oil in the culture media ranged from 0.01% to 5.0% v/v, and the concentration of curcumin was 0.01-0.5% v/v. The effects on sporulation, spore viability, and fungal morphology were determined. The essential oil exhibited stronger antifungal activity than curcumin on A. flavus. The essential oil reduced the fungal growth in a concentration-dependent manner. A. flavus growth rate was reduced by C. longa essential oil at 0.10%, and this inhibition effect was more efficient in concentrations above 0.50%. Germination and sporulation were 100% inhibited in 0.5% oil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of A. flavus exposed to oil showed damage to hyphae membranes and conidiophores. Because the fungus is a plant pathogen and aflatoxin producer, C. longa essential oil may be used in the management of host plants.


X: 0.8922847 Y: 13.0156975title: Production of Curcuminoids in Different in vitro Organs of Curcuma longa publish year: 2012 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is one of the most important spice and safe food additives. Its main constituents, curcuminoids, showed anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant effects. In the present work, an in vitro propagation method was developed to achieve selected plant organs with quantified curcuminoid content. In vitro plants were obtained from sprouting buds as primary explants. The major curcuminoid constituents, such as curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DEM), and bis-demethoxycurcumin (bis-DEM) were examined in different organs by LC-DAD-ESI-MS. A significant production of curcumin (more than 260 microg g(-1) fresh weight) was obtained from in vitro microrhizomes, especially grown in a Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with kinetin (0.1 mg L((-1)), alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 1 mg L(-1)), sucrose (6%), agar (5%) and activated charcoal (0.1%). The analyzed microrhizomes showed reduced amounts of DEM and bis-DEM in comparison with CUR levels. In addition a shoot culture line was suitable to biosynthesize curcuminoids, in a ratio very similar to that identified in the fresh rhizomes of parent plants. This study represents the first direct quantification of curcuminoids in turmeric in vitro shoots and microrhizomes to be used in dietary supplements.


X: 0.14134209 Y: 12.791569title: Biological synthesis of Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles by Curcuma longa plant extract and study its biological properties publish year: 2016 keyword: Curcuma_longa content: The objective of this study was biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) using
Curcuma longa aqueous extract and characterize them. Study their effect on the growth, sporulation,
pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum and some wheat plants parameters compared with standards
industrials nanoparticles. C. longa aquatic extract was used to biosynthesis TiO2 NPs by two methods.
At first method, TiO2 was found in both colloidal solutions (CS) and nanopawder while it found in jest
nanopawder in second method. All biosynthetic nanoparticles were in nano size. It was: 91.37 nm,
76.36 nm of (CS) and nanopawder for first methods respectively while it was 92.6 nm of nanopawder
in second method. All nanoparticles have good optical properties. Crystal’s shape of nanopawder were
in three form: anatase, rutilr and brookite and it was anatase in colloidal solutionat first method while
it was pure anatase innanopawder when at second method. The average crystallite size of was
calculate by Scherer's equation, it was 43.088 nm and 22.881 nm for nanopawder and colloidal
solution respectively at first method. It was 45.808 nm for nanopawder at second method. All
concentrations of nanoparticles were reduced fungal and spores. These decreasing were more effective
using biosynthetic compare with industrial synthetic nanoparticles. There were reductions in dampingoff
caused by F. graminearum by biosynthetic NBs in both varieties of plant (Al-Rasheed and
Tamuze-2). These was better than the effect of industrial synthetic nanoparticles. The resistance to
damping off and the growth of plant in Al-Rasheed variety was more sensitive compared with
Tamuze-2 variety especially at higher concentrations. There were decrease in all plant's parameters at
most concentrations of TiO2 biological synthetic compare with industrial synthetic nanoparticles in AlRasheed
variety, while there were inductions in some plant's parameters by biosynthetic nanoparticles
World Scientific News 49(2) (2016) 204-222
-205-
compared with industrial synthetic in Tamuze-2 variety. Finally, C. longa can be used to biosynthesis
TiO2 NPs with good biological properties.