X: -1.3295755 Y: 3.2200062title: Atractylodin and β-eudesmol from Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. Inhibit Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Proliferation by Downregulating the Notch Signaling Pathway publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Objective:
Notch signaling pathway has been reported to be involved in the development and progression of various types of cancer, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Compounds that modulate this signaling pathway could be promising candidates for CCA treatment and control. The study investigated the antiproliferative activities and modulatory effects of atractylodin and β-eudesmol, the two bioactive compounds of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. , on Notch signaling and upstream molecules (Notch1 and Notch2 receptors, JAG1, mTOR, PI3K, and YAP), and downstream molecules (Snail) in HuCCT-1 (CCA cell line) and OUMS-36T-1 (normal fibroblast cell line). Gemcitabine (standard drug for CCA), and Notch inhibitors (DAPT and zebularine) were included in the experiments as positive control compounds.

Methods:
The antiproliferative activity was evaluated using MTT assay. mRNA and protein expression of Notch signaling molecules were evaluated using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis.

Results:
Atractylodin and β-eudesmol moderately inhibited HuCCT-1 cell growth with IC50 (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) of 29.00 ± 6.44 and 16.80 ± 4.41 µg/ml (mean±SD), respectively. The direction and extent of the modulatory effects on mRNA and protein expression in the CCA cell line varied with the signaling molecules. Notch1 receptor was shown to be the most promising target of atractylodin and β-eudesmol in CCA. The level of gene expression was significantly downregulated (0.042 to 0.195 fold of control) after treating HuCC-T1 cells with both compounds at low and high concentrations. The extent and change in Notch1 gene expression correlated well with protein expression.

Conclusion:
The notch signaling pathway could be a promising target of atractylodin and β-eudesmol in CCA.
.


X: -0.22868593 Y: 2.6011827title: Two new thiophene polyacetylene glycosides from Atractylodes lancea publish year: 2018 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Phytochemical investigation on the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea led to the isolation of two new thiophene polyacetylene glycosides (1 and 2) and six known compounds (3-8). Their structures were elucidated based on the extensive spectroscopic data (UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS). The absolute configurations of new compounds were established by calculated and experimental circular dichroism. All the compounds were assessed on the lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in BV2 cells and compounds 3, 7, and 8 showed moderate inhibitory activities.


X: -0.14681602 Y: 2.659283title: Biotransformation of Terpenoids from the Crude Drugs and Animal Origin by Microorganisms publish year: 2001 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Terpenoids, dehydrocostuslactone (2), costunolide (3), α-, β-, and γ-cyclocostunolides (4∼6), α-santonin (7) and atractylon (8) isolated from the crude drugs and (-)-ambrox (9) from animal origin were biotransformed by Aspergillus niger, A. cellulosae, and Botryospaeria dothidea etc. to afford the structurally interesting metabolites. Their stereostructures were established by a combination of high-resolution NMR spectrum, X-Ray crystallographic analysis and chemical reaction. The metabolic pathways of terpenoids by A. niger resembled those by mammals, but are quite different from those by A. cellulosae.


X: 1.436434 Y: 4.3593936title: Maize promoted the growth and volatile oil accumulation of Atractylodes lancea through rhizosphere VOCs publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Purpose
Different species within a multi-ecosystem can enhance their growth, nutrient absorption, and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Atractylodes lancea (A. lancea) and maize intercropping enhance A. lancea yield and secondary metabolite content.Few study have, however, exploration the rhizosphere interaction of A. lancea and maize intercropping.

Methods
In this study, we conducted pot experiments, A. lancea monoculture (A), A. lancea and maize intercropping without a root barrier (AI), with an impermeable plastic root barrier (AP), or with a permeable nylon root barrier (AN). Soil samples were collection from A. lancea roots for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection to explore the relationship between VOCs and intercropping between A. lancea and maize.

Results
Intercropping resulting in increased rhizome yield and atractylon content in A. lancea. This can be attributed to changes in the composition of VOCs in the A. lancea roots. The rhizosphere of A. lancea altered VOCs composition after intercropping with maizie, and these altered VOCs were significantly positive correlations with atractylon content and A. lancea biomass. Notably, 2,6,10-trimethyltetradecane and ethyl isocholate were identified as shared VOCs in the rhizosphere of A. lancea and maize. These VOCs likely play a role in the increased biomass and atractylon content of A. lancea, serving as potential communication substances between A. lancea and maize.

Conclusion
Our study provides evidence that identified from rhizosphere soil 2, 6, 10-trimethyltetradecane and ethyl isocholate is potential compounds that mediated rhizosphere interaction in A. lancea-maize intercropping. Our finding will help to further understanding the role of VOCs in ecosystems, and provide implications for studying the interaction in plant rhizosphere.


X: -1.7407576 Y: 7.582025title: Clinical Outcomes of a Treatment for Mild Cases of COVID-19 using a Polyherbal Concoction based on Thai Traditional Medicine: A Retrospective Chart Review publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Dating back to the COVID-19 pandemic, herbal medicine gained prominence as a potential means of managing the virus. However, published evidence supporting its efficacy remains limited. Vaccines and antiviral drugs undoubtedly constitute the primary defense against viral threats. However, herbal medicine remains a viable option for management in addressing future viral outbreaks. This study undertakes a retrospective analysis of 101 charts of patients who solely used an herbal concoction based on Thai traditional medicine for COVID-19 treatment in a local clinic. The concoction comprised a combination of 13herbs selected from two distinct formulas, Ya-ha-rak, Prasaporhyai, and other herbs. The findings indicate no fatality or health complications associated with the treatment. Concerning clinical outcome, nearly all patients achieved negative laboratory results for COVID-19 in less than two weeks, except for two individuals whose conditions did not improve within a two-week timeframe. These two patients opted to discontinue the current treatment to pursue alternative therapies. Notably, none exhibited pneumonia symptoms. Thus, this herbal approach seems safe and beneficial for mild COVID-19 cases. This is the first human clinical report on the antiviral properties of a formulation comprising principal medicinal plants sourced from Ya-ha-rak and Prasaporhyai. This study, though constrained by its inability to distinguish between patients who could recover without necessitating medical intervention, was conducted with the aspiration that it will trigger further advancement and investigations into the efficacy and safety of antiviral herbs, thereby enhancing our understanding and utilization of these natural resources.


X: -1.2922457 Y: 3.249998title: Suppression of Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Growth and Proliferation by Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC. through ERK-Signaling Cascade publish year: 2021 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Objective:
The study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of AL on the ERK signaling molecules (ERK, p-ERK, cyclin D, and eIF4B) and the growth and proliferation of CCA cells.

Materials and methods:
The viability of the three CCA cell lines CL-6, HuCCT1, and HuH28 was determined using MTT assay. The effect of Ras/ERK inhibitors on protein expression in the presence of AL extract was investigated. The protein extracted from each CCA cell following exposure to AL and/or Ras/ERK inhibitors were separated on 12.5% SDS-PAGE. The analysis of mRNA expression following 48 and 72 hours of AL exposure in comparison with 0 hours (non-exposed cells) was performed by using RT-PCR.

Results:
The potency of cytotoxic activity of AL (by MTT assay) was about three times higher than the standard drug 5-fluorouracil. The IC50 (concentration that inhibits cell growth by 50%) of AL for the CL-6, HuCCT-1 and HuH28 cell lines were 29.77±6.64, 35.45±4.96, and 35.32±6.69 µg/mL (mean+SD), respectively. The cells were exposed to AL extract at the IC50 for 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours in the absence and presence of Ras/ERK inhibitors (salirasib and XMD8-92). Protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. The results suggested the lack of significant inhibitory effect of AL on ERK at 48 and 72 hours of exposure in all CCA cell types. On the other hand, a significant inhibitory effect was observed with p-ERK expression in all CCA cell types. Cyclin D was significantly down-regulated at 72 hours of exposure in all cell types with different potencies. The expression of eIF4B was markedly inhibited in HuCCT-1 but slightly inhibited in CL-6 and HuH28 cells. Real-time PCR analysis revealed significant down-regulation of ERK following 72 hours of AL exposure in the HuCCT1 and HuH28, but not CL-6 cell.

Conclusion:
The ERK signaling cascade and downstream molecules are potential targets of action of AL in CCA.


X: 1.4020886 Y: 4.2889767title: The Medicinal Plant Atractylodes Lancea Recruits Specialized Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria From The Soil publish year: 2021 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Purpose: Atractylodes lancea is a medicinal plant used to treat rheumatic diseases, digestive disorders, night blindness, and influenza. However, the microbiome associated with A. lancea remains unclear. In this study, we assess the role of microorganisms in the roots of A. lancea in regulating plant growth and secondary metabolites, and investigate the microbial composition of the root of A. lancea.
Methods: The roots of A. lancea were inoculated with 10% soil suspension at different temperatures. Thereafter, the biological indices, major volatile oils, chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil, and the diversity of root endophytic and rhizosphere bacterial communities of A. lancea were assessed.
Results: Soil microorganisms could attenuate the damage of high-temperature to A. lancea and significantly promote the growth and accumulation of volatile oil. A. lancea recruited endogenous plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs) from soil, including Burkholderia-Caballeronia-paraburkholderia, Bradyrhizobium, Paenibacillus, Bacillus and Rhodococcus. These bacteria were positively correlated with four volatile oils. In the rhizosphere, PGPBs such as Novosphingobium are recruited.
Conclusions: Soil microorganisms promote the growth and development of A. lancea, improve the plant’s ability to resist high temperature stress, and accelerate secondary metabolite accumulation. Most importantly, A. lancea could recruit and enrich specialized PGPBs from the soil. The PGPBs were significantly and positively correlated with A. lancea secondary metabolite and soil nutrient content, and can be used as ideal biological material in A. lancea cultivation and quality improvement.


X: 0.07679008 Y: 2.7169025title: New Sesquiterpenoids from the Rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala publish year: 2005 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: ABSTRACT


X: 0.045576826 Y: 2.7566376title: New Sesquiterpenoids from the Rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala publish year: 2005 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: ABSTRACT


X: 0.18714657 Y: 4.13273title: Development and application of DNA markers to detect adulteration with Scopolia japonica in the medicinal herb Atractylodes lancea publish year: 2021 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes lancea rhizomes are commonly consumed in east Asia as traditional medical herbs. However, in Korea, because of their morphological similarity, A. lancea rhizomes can be contaminated with those of Scopolia japonica imported from China. To detect adulteration with S. japonica in the complex products of A. lancea, we developed two PCR-based DNA markers, multiplex PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR primer combinations and real-time PCR was confirmed with a series of DNA concentrations (0.01-10 ng/µL). The specificity of the developed PCR assays was confirmed with 14 other species. In addition, 14 commercial A. lancea medicinal herbs and 20 blind samples were tested with the developed PCR assays to demonstrate the reliability. Taken together, the developed multiplex and real-time PCR-based target-specific primer sets may be useful for detecting the target species and have the potential to contribute to food safety and consumer health care.

Supplementary information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-021-01008-5.


X: -0.24295755 Y: 2.5766947title: Two new thiophene polyacetylene glycosides from Atractylodes lancea publish year: 2018 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Phytochemical investigation on the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea led to the isolation of two new thiophene polyacetylene glycosides (1 and 2) and six known compounds (3-8). Their structures were elucidated based on the extensive spectroscopic data (UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS). The absolute configurations of new compounds were established by calculated and experimental circular dichroism. All the compounds were assessed on the lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in BV2 cells and compounds 3, 7, and 8 showed moderate inhibitory activities.


X: 1.0791577 Y: 3.921973title: Research progress and prospect of endophytes from medicinal plant Atractylodes lancea publish year: 2021 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: The endophytes of medicinal plants play an important role in promoting the quality formation of the host. Therefore, this paper made a review of endophytes of medicinal plant Atractylodes lancea. According to previous studies, A. lancea boasts endophytes, such as fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes, among which the beneficial microorganisms help the growth and development of A. lancea. There is a close interaction between the volatile oil of A. lancea and endophytes. Different endophytes vary in regulating the composition and content of the volatile oil of A. lancea, which might contribute to the quality formation of A. lancea. However, the information of the endophytic flora of A. lancea obtained by traditional culture and isolation is not enough to reflect the real situation of the endophytes of A. lancea. Little is known about the endophytes of A. lancea from different chemical types and different habitats, which is not conducive to the study of the ecological relationship between A. lancea and endophytes and limits the development and utilization of the endophytes. Therefore, at the end of this paper, the authors put forward suggestions for future research on endophytes in A. lancea, including:(1)mining the core endophyte resources of A. lancea by combining high-throughput sequencing with traditional culture and isolation;(2)exploring the relationship between the diversity of endophytes and chemical types of A. lancea;(3)strengthening the application of endophytes in A. lancea cultivation, in order to facilitate the cultivation efficiency and quality of A. lancea.


X: 0.30207428 Y: 3.8430753title: Recent progress and ongoing challenges in Rhizoma atractylodis research: biogeography, biosynthesis, quality formation and control publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Rhizoma atractylodis, including Atractylodes lancea and Atractylodes chinensis, is widely utilized worldwide as a Chinese meteria medica (CMM) due to its rich content of various sesquiterpenoids and other medicinal components. Benefiting from the rapid and ongoing advancements in analytical technologies, significant strides have been achieved in advancing the analysis of Rhizoma atractylodis towards a more systematic, comprehensive, personalized, and intelligent approach. In this review, we highlight the progress made in the biogeography, biosynthesis, quality formation, and control of Rhizoma atractylodis over the past decade. Special attention is given to the incorporation of advanced genetics tools, modern omics technology, and chemometric methods that facilitate the accurate utilization of Rhizoma atractylodis. The elucidation of biosynthetic pathways, the formation of quality, and the control of active components continue to pose challenges in the study of Rhizoma atractylodis. Additionally, this review presents novel directions and opportunities aimed at enhancing ongoing research efforts.


X: 1.2653779 Y: 4.6461496title: The influences of inorganic elements in soil on the geolism of Atractylodes lancea publish year: 2002 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: To study the influence of inorganic elements in soil on the geolism of Atractylodes lancea.
The concentrations of 15 kinds of inorganic elements of regional A. lancea and their correspondingly soils were determined, and the data were analysed with the SPSS10.0 software.
The mean concentration of Ni in geoherbs of A. lancea was 3 times higher than that in the non-geoherbs. The accumulation of Ca is high in geoberbs. There is no relationship between the concentrations of inorganic elements in A. lancea and those in their corresponding soil.
A. lancea adjusts the concentration of inorganic elements mainly by active absorption, and there are good relationship between the accumulation of Fe and Cr, Fe and Hg, Hg and Cr, As and Pb, Co and Sr.


X: 0.7759768 Y: 3.2028506title: Differentiation of essential oils in Atractylodes lancea and Atractylodes koreana by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry publish year: 2016 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes rhizome is a valuable traditional Chinese medicinal herb that comprises complex several species whose essential oils are the primary pharmacologically active component. Essential oils of Atractylodes lancea and Atractylodes koreana were extracted by hydrodistillation, and the yield was determined. The average yield of essential oil obtained from A. lancea (2.91%) was higher than that from A. koreana (2.42%). The volatile components of the essential oils were then identified by a gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method that demonstrated good precision. The method showed clear differences in the numbers and contents of volatile components between the two species. 41 and 45 volatile components were identified in A. lancea and A. koreana, respectively. Atractylon (48.68%) was the primary volatile component in A. lancea, while eudesma-4(14)-en-11-ol (11.81%) was major in A. koreana. However, the most significant difference between A. lancea and A. koreana was the major component of atractylon and atractydin. Principal component analysis was utilized to reveal the correlation between volatile components and species, and the analysis was used to successfully discriminate between A. lancea and A. koreana samples. These results suggest that different species of Atractylodes rhizome may yield essential oils that differ significantly in content and composition. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


X: 0.7225143 Y: 3.2253668title: Analysis of volatile compounds from three species of Atractylodes by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry publish year: 2021 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: A total of 99 different volatile compounds were detected through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) from three species of Atractylodes, namely Atractylodes lancea, Atractylodes japonica, and Atractylodes chinensis. Thirteen-volatile flavor compounds i.e., acid, alcohol, aldehyde, alkane, alkene, alkyne, ester, ketone, monoterpene, oxygenated monoterpene, sesquiterpene, oxygenated sesquiterpene, and oxygenated triterpenoid detected from different species of Atractylodes. It was observed that all the species contained 38 common compounds, while A. lancea contained 7 unique compounds, A. japonica has 4 unique compounds, and A. chinensis hold 6 compounds not detected in the other extracts. In addition, essential oils from A. lancea and A. japonica possessed 11 compounds in common, and A. lancea and A. chinensis possessed 19 compounds in common. The remaining 14 compounds were detected only in A. japonica and A. chinensis. The total content of all components in the species was comparable, with 82.528%, 81.766%, and 81.799% of volatile components being detected for A. lancea, A. japonica, and A. chinensis, respectively. Curzerene was found to be the most predominant compound in both A. lancea (14.1%) and A. chinensis (16.7%), while murolan-3,9(11)-diene-10-peroxy was found predominantly in A. japonica (16.8%). The present study suggests that the identified volatile compounds may possess important biological properties, and could be suitable for application in both oriental medicines and the pharmaceutical industry.


X: -3.1734102 Y: 8.228535title: Atractylodes lancea rhizome derived exosome-like nanoparticles prevent alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Aberrant melanin overproduction can significantly impact an individual's appearance and cause mental and psychological distress. Current inhibitors of melanin production exert harmful side effects due to inadequate selectivity; thus a need to develop more selective melanin synthesis inhibitors is necessary. Extracellular vesicles are important agents of intercellular signalling in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Recently, plant-derived nanoparticles, similar to mammalian exosomes, have attracted attention for their use in health research. In this study, to investigate the potential of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) as inhibitors of melanin production, we used hot water to extract ELNs from the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (A-ELNs). The size of A-ENLs ranged from 34 to 401 nm and carried three microRNA: ath-miR166f, ath-miR162a-5p, and ath-miR162b-5p. These A-ENLs were applied to B16-F10 melanoma cells treated with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). After A-ELNs were taken up by B16-F10 cells, their melanin levels were significantly reduced. Furthermore, A-ELNs significantly reduced tyrosinase activity in B16-F10 cells and mRNA expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and DOPA chrome tautomerase. These results suggest that A-ELN suppresses melanogenic enzymes expression by downregulating Mitf, thereby inhibiting melanin synthesis. Hence, A-ELN can be developed into a novel topical drug after additional studies and optimization.


X: 0.99269515 Y: 3.6409605title: [Antimicrobial activity of volatile oil from Atractylodes lancea against three species of endophytic fungi and seven species of exogenous fungi] publish year: 2009 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: In order to investigate the inhibitory effects of host plants secondary metabolites on the growth of endophytic and exogenous fungi, the volatile oil from medicinal plant Atractylodes lancea was extracted with organic solvent extraction method, and its antimicrobial activity against three species of endophytic and seven species of exogenous fungi was determined by paper disc assay and spread-plate. The volatile oil had inhibitory effects on the growth of test endophytic fungi. It had strong antimicrobial activity against Rhodotorula glutinis and Saprolegnia, but weak activity against Rhizopus and Absidia. It suppressed the sporulation of Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger, but no effects on the growth of Phytophthora. Under the stress of high concentration volatile oil, the hyphal branches of test endophytic fungi increased, the distance between the branches became shorter, and the growth of aerial hyphae was inhibited. The test endophytic fungi had remarkable ability to metabolize and transform the volatile oil, and decreased the contents of its main ingredients. All the results showed that the volatile oil extracted from A. lancea had inhibitory effects on the growth of endophytic fungi, but the fungi could adapt to the volatile oil via metabolizing and decomposing it.


X: 1.3408046 Y: 4.5123115title: First Report of Paraphoma chrysanthemicola Causing Crown and Leaf Rot of Atractylodes lancea in China publish year: 2022 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes lancea is an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant whose rhizome is used for treating complaints such as rheumatic diseases, digestive disorders, night blindness and influenza. Jiangsu Province is the optimal cultivation location for high-quality A. lancea rhizome. Since June 2019, symptoms of crown rot and leaf rot were observed in about 10-20% of the A. lancea in a plantation (31° 36' 1" N, 119° 6' 40" W) in Lishui, Jiangsu, China. Lesions occurred on the stem near the soil line and on the leaves (Fig. 1A). Disease incidence reached approximately 80-90% by September, 2021 (Fig. 1B) and resulted in severe loss of rhizome and seed yields. For pathogen isolation, ten samples of symptomatic stem segments and ten diseased leaves were collected, surface-sterilized using 5% NaClO solution, rinsed with sterile water, cut into 0.5-2 cm segments, and plated to potato dextrose agar (PDA), and then incubated at 30°C in darkness. Pure cultures of four isolates showing morphological characteristics of Paraphoma spp. were obtained, identified as a single P. chrysanthemicola strain, and named LSL3f2. Newly formed colonies initially consisted of white mycelia; the five-day-old colonies developed a layer of whitish grey mycelia with a grey underside. 20-day-old colonies had white mycelium along the margin and with a faint yellow inner circular part with irregular radial furrows, and the reverse side looking caramel and russet (Fig. 1C). Pycnidia were subglobose (diameter: 5 to 15 μm; Fig. 1D). Unicellular, bicellular or strings of globose or subglobose chlamydospores developed from hyphal cells (Fig. 1E and 1F). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and large subulin-28S of LSL3f2 were cloned using primers ITS1/ITS4 and LR0R/LR7 (Aveskamp et al. 2010, Li et al. 2013), and deposited in GenBank (OK559658 and OK598973, respectively). BLASTn search and phylogenetic analysis showed the highest identity between LSL3f2 and P. chrysanthemicola sequences (Fig. 1G) and confirmed LSL3f2 as P. chrysanthemicola. Koch’s postulates were completed using one-month-old vegetatively propagated A. lancea plantlets growing on autoclaved vermiculite/peat mixture at 26°C with a light/dark cycle of 12/12 hours. Each plantlet was inoculated with 5 ml of conidial suspension in water (1 × 108 cfu/ml) by applying to soil close to the plantlet, with sterile water used as a mock control (n = 10). By 20 days post-inoculation, inoculated plantlets showed a range of disease symptoms consistent to those observed in infested fields (Fig. 1H). Pathogenicity was additionally confirmed using detached leaves inoculated with a colonized agar plug of LSL3f2 or an uninoculated control comparison (diameter = 5 mm) and incubated at 26℃ in the dark. Five to seven days post-inoculation, detached leaves showed leaf rot symptoms including lesions, yellowing and withering consistent with those in infested fields, while control leaves remained healthy (n = 10, Fig. 1I). The pathogen was reisolated from the diseased plantlets and detached leaves, in both cases demonstrating the micromorphological characteristics of LSL3f2. P. chrysanthemicola has been reported to cause leaf and crown rot on other plants such as Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Moslemi et al. 2018), and leaf spot on A. japonicain (Ge et al. 2016). However, this is the first report of P. chrysanthemicola causing crown and leaf rot on A. lancea in China.


X: 0.10563465 Y: 3.7516403title: Quantitative analysis of atractylenolides I and III in atractylodes japonica publish year: 2013 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: This study was conducted to determine the content of atractylenolides I and III in Atractylodes japonica. An established HPLC-DAD method was used to monitor contents of atractylenolides I and III in A. japonica obtained from Korea and China and compared with contents of A. macrocephala, A. chinensis, and A. lancea. Quantitative analysis of atractylenolides I and III was carried out on a Shiseido C18 column (S-5 μm, 4.6 mm I.D. × 250 mm) with gradient elution composed of acetonitile- water. The results show that the average content of atractylenolides I and III in A. japonica were 0.0954 and 0.1963%, respectively, and contents of A. lancea were higher than A. macrocephala, A. chinensis. In this study, we identified the differentiation of the quality of A. japonica from different species and collected locations and established content standard of atractylenolides I and III in A. japonica and this content standard was helpful to quality control of A. japonica.


X: -0.14071113 Y: 2.9777567title: Structure Elucidation of Acylsucrose Derivatives from Atractylodes lanceae Rhizome and Atractylodes Rhizome publish year: 2009 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: The mass chromatographic fingerprints of the water extracts of Atractylodes rhizome and Atractylodes lancea rhizome were analyzed by LC-MS. Three new acylsucrose derivatives [2,6,3',6'-tetra(3-methylbutanoyl)sucrose (1), 2,4,3',6'-tetra(3-methylbutanoyl)sucrose (2), and a mixture of 3',4',6'-tris(3-methylbutanoyl)-1'-(2-methylbutanoyl)sucrose and 1',3',4',6'-tetra(3-methylbutanoyl)sucrose (6)), along with three known acylsucroses (2,6,3',4'-tetra(3-methylbutanoyl)sucrose (3), 2,4,3',4'-tetra(3-methylbutanoyl)sucrose (4) and a mixture of 2,3',6'-tris(3-methylbutanoyl)-1'-(2-methylbutanoyl)sucrose and 2,1',3',6'-tetra(3-methylbutanoyl)sucrose (5)] were isolated as the marker compounds of Atractylodes rhizome and Atractylodes lancea rhizome. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by MS/MS analyses and NMR experiments.


X: -0.54829174 Y: 3.2047997title: Determination of atractylodin in rat plasma by HPLC-UV method and its application to a Pharmacokinetic Study publish year: 2012 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: A simple and rapid method for quantification of atractylodin in rat plasma was developed by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection for the first time. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water (76:24, v/v). The wavelength was set at 340 nm. The calibration curve ranged from 0.025–5.0 µg/mL. Both accuracy and precision were satisfactory. This new method was applied to pharmacokinetics of atractylodin after oral administration of 30 g/Kg Atractylodis Rhizoma and intravenous administration of 2 mg/Kg of single atractylodin to rats. For oral administration, the main pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, T0.5, and ke were 1.93 ± 0.9 mg/L, 2.25 ± 0.5 hr, 8.08 ± 1.3 hr, and 0.09 ± 0.02/hr, respectively. For intravenous administration, T0.5, Ke, Vc, and CL were 3.30 ± 0.38 hr, 0.21 ± 0.02/hr, 31.7 ± 5.8 L/kg, and 6.59 ± 1.1 L/h/kg, respectively.


X: 0.06767084 Y: 3.4341595title: [Simultaneous determination of atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol, atrctylodin in Atractylodes lancea and hierarchical cluster analysis] publish year: 2010 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: To develop a GC method for simultaneous determination of 4 compounds (atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin) in Atractylodes lancea.
A HP-1 capillary column (0.25 mm x 30 m, 0.25 microm) was used. The detector was FID:Inlet temperature was 250 degrees C. The detector temperature was 250 degrees C. The column temperature was set at 145 degrees C and held for 25 min after injection, then programmed at 10 degrees C x min(-1) to 250 degrees C and held for 10 min at the temperature. The carrying gas was nitrogen, split ratio was 40:1. Injection volume was 2 microL, Cluster analysis was performed by SPSS13.0 software.
The linear ranges for atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin were 0.0122. 32 (r = .9998), 0.008-1.68 (r = 0.9998), 0.009-1.76 (r = 0.9999), 0.016-3.20 g x L(-1) (r = 0.9997), respectively. The average recoveries (n = 3) of atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin were 98.0%-99.0%, 97.7%-99.4%, 98.4%-99.2%, 97.8%-99.7%, respectively. The samples analyzed were divided into two classes.
This method is simple, specific, repeatable and stable. It can be applied for the simultaneous determination of 4 compounds (atractylone, hinesol, beta-eudesmol and atractylodin) in A. lancea, which will provide the basis for the quality control of A. lancea. The contents of 4 active compounds were significantly different between geo-authentic and non-authentic producing areas.


X: 1.4398142 Y: 4.2657714title: Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals Novel Insights about the Biocontrol Potential of Burkholderia ambifaria CF3 on Atractylodes lancea publish year: 2024 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Root rot caused by Fusarium spp. is the most destructive disease on Atractylodes lancea, one of the large bulks and most common traditional herbal plants in China. In this study, we isolated a bacterial strain, CF3, from the rhizosphere soil of A. lancea and determined its inhibitory effects on F. oxysporum in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. To deeply explore the biocontrol potential of CF3, we sequenced the whole genome and investigated the key pathways for the biosynthesis of many antibiotic compounds. The results revealed that CF3 is a member of Burkholderia ambifaria, harboring two chromosomes and one plasmid as other strains in this species. Five antibiotic compounds were found that could be synthesized due to the existence of the bio-synthesis pathways in the genome. Furthermore, the synthesis of antibiotic compounds should be confirmed by in vitro experiments and novel compounds should be purified and characterized in further studies.


X: -0.6375388 Y: 3.308596title: Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.: Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Attributes, and Safety Profile publish year: 2022 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC has important implication in traditional medicine and modern implication. Rhizome, being the most important part of the herb, is helpful for numerous diseases we face. Originating in the eastern part of Asia, its rhizome is now used in many important remedies due to its active constituents. As an anti-inflammatory and treatment for spleen disorders, it is an integral part of Chinese traditional medicine. Although this plant has been used for centuries, we still don’t know much about it. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the active chemical constituents of A. lancea, its pharmaceutical activity, dosage, and toxicity levels and some major studies that have been conducted as well as its potential to become a leading source of medicinal formulations. A thorough yet summarized over view of the plant has been portrayed here with future recommendation for better understanding.Keywords
Atractylodes lancea Thunb. DC
Active constituentsAnticancerAnti-inflammatorySafety


X: 0.1210295 Y: 3.8470397title: Chemical characterization of rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis identified by ITS sequences of nrDNA publish year: 2006 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: A comparison was made with regard to interspecific and geographical characteristics of nine pharmacologically active components in dried rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea, A. chinensis, and the hybrids between them, which were identified by sequence data of internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal DNA. The chemical constituents of the nine components were determined. Principal component analysis using the contents data of these nine constituents revealed that A. lancea differs chemically from A. chinensis. The hybrids possessed chemical variations within the limits observed in both the species. The relationships between these chemical variations and geographical localities were numerically analyzed by the Mahalanobis-Taguchi method, and this analysis enabled the classification of individuals from the localities into four groups.


X: -0.31533566 Y: 2.621496title: Two New Compounds from Rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea publish year: 2017 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: In our phytochemical investigations on the 80% EtOH extract of the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea, two new compounds named (10R, 11R, 12R)-tridecane-2E, 8E-diene-4, 6-diyne-1, 10, 11, 12, 13-pentol-10-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and isoscopoletin 6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) were isolated using various column chromatographic methods. Their planar structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses (UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-ESIMS). The relative configurational assignment of 1 was deduced by visualized Newman projections in association with the 1D NOESY spectra, whereas its absolute configuration was established by comparison of experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with known compounds. These results will benefit subsequent stereochemical studies of those open-chain polyhydric alcohols. Compounds 1 and 2 showed weak inhibitory effects on α-glucosidases and protein tyrosine phosphates 1B (PTP1B) at a concentration of 10 μmol•L⁻¹.


X: 0.5201589 Y: 4.074892title: The microRNA analysis of sesquiterpenoids biosynthesis by Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. with early stem growth mutation publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with high medicinal value, and its active ingredients are a variety of sesquiterpenoids. In recent years, due to blind exploitation and environmental degradation, the wild resources are gradually exhausting, and the quality of artificially cultivated A. lancea is declining, so it is urgent to seek excellent quality resources of A. lancea. We obtained a mutant of A. lancea with early stem growth under high temperature and hormone stress. Compared with the wild-type, the mutant grows better and contains higher sesquiterpenoid content, so the stem development in advance is considered as the superior shape feature of A. lancea. Although the mechanism of high yield sesquiterpenoids of the mutant was preliminarily explained from the perspective of physiology and biochemistry, its molecular regulation mechanism is still unclear. The formation of superior shape features in medicinal plants is regulated by epigenetic regulatory factors, so this study intends to further explore the mechanism of efficient synthesis of sesquiterpenoids from the perspective of microRNAs of the stem early development mutant of A. lancea. MicroRNA sequencing of wild-type and mutant A. lancea showed that 105 differentially expressed microRNAs were identified. Further Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analysis of target genes showed that these differentially expressed microRNAs regulated key genes of hormone signal transduction pathway, circadian rhythm, terpene synthesis and carbon metabolism pathway, as well as a large number of transcription factors, thus promoting the growth and development of A. lancea and the accumulation of active sesquiterpenoids, and enhancing the ability to resist adverse environments. This study revealed the molecular mechanism of microRNAs regulating the growth and development of mutant A. lancea and efficiently synthesizing sesquiterpenoids from the perspective of epigenetics, and provided a theoretical basis for the breeding of excellent varieties of A. lancea.


X: 1.3885566 Y: 4.4266357title: Allochthonous Trichoderma Isolates Boost Atractylodes lancea Herb Quality at the Cost of Rhizome Growth publish year: 2024 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes lancea is a perennial herb whose rhizome (AR) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with immense market demand. The cultivation of Atractylodes lancea faces outbreaks of root rot and deterioration in herb quality due to complex causes. Here, we investigated the effects of Trichoderma spp., well-known biocontrol agents and plant-growth-promoters, on ARs. We isolated Trichoderma strains from healthy ARs collected in different habitats and selected three T. harzianum strains (Th2, Th3 and Th4) with the strongest antagonizing effects on root rot pathogens (Fusarium spp.). We inoculated geo-authentic A. lancea plantlets with Th2, Th3 and Th4 and measured the biomass and quality of 70-day-old ARs. Th2 and Th3 promoted root rot resistance of A. lancea. Th2, Th3 and Th4 all boosted AR quality: the concentration of the four major medicinal compounds in ARs (atractylon, atractylodin, hinesol and β-eudesmol) each increased 1.6- to 18.2-fold. Meanwhile, however, the yield of ARs decreased by 0.58- to 0.27-fold. Overall, Th3 dramatically increased the quality of ARs at a relatively low cost, namely lower yield, showing great potential for practical application. Our results showed selectivity between A. lancea and allochthonous Trichoderma isolates, indicating the importance of selecting specific microbial patches for herb cultivation.


X: -0.38320193 Y: 2.8183846title: Further Phenols and Polyacetylenes from the Rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea and their Anti-Inflammatory Activity1 publish year: 2001 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: From the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea, 2-[(2'E)-3',7'-dimethyl-2',6'-octadienyl]-4-methoxy-6-methylphenol (1) was isolated as a new natural product. The compound showed strong inhibitory effects on 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), but exhibited only weak antioxidative activities [IC50 = 0.1 microM (5-LOX), 2 microM (COX-1), 9 microM (PMN/FMLP), 28 microM (PMNIOZ)]. Moreover, five new acetylenes were isolated and elucidated as (3Z,5E,11E)-tridecatriene-7,9-diynyl-1-O-(E)-ferulate (2), erythro-(1,3Z,11E)-tridecatriene-7,9-diyne-5,6-diyl diacetate (3), (1Z)-atractylodin (4), (1Z)-atractylodinol (5), (1Z)-acetylatractylodinol (6) plus the known (4E,6E,12E)-tetradecatriene-8,10-diyne-1,3-diyl diacetate (7). Among the acetylenes, only 2 showed strong inhibition of 5-LOX and COX-1 activity (IC50 (5-LOX) = 3 microM, IC50 (COX-1) = 1 microM). In addition, the fatty acids linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid with previously established 5-LOX-/COX-1 inhibitory actions were identified as major constituents of the n-hexane extract and thus seem to contribute to the plant's in vitro activity.


X: 0.48564887 Y: 3.780818title: Assessment of cropping patterns of Atractylodes lancea by mass spectrum metabolomics publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Background: Atractylodes lanceapossesses immense potential for application in pharmaceuticals, food and health products, cosmetics, and agricultural production. However, due to the depletion of natural resources, researchers are investigating high-yield and efficient cropping models for Atractylodes. Until now, the differences and changes of chemical constituents in Atractylodes under different cropping patterns and growth years have been very limited, so further exploration and research are needed.
Materials and methods: Raw materials for Atractylodes are supplied by Maoshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Planting Company, a laboratory cooperative planting site. The standard product is provided by China Institute of Food and Drug Control. The samples and standards were dissolved in methanol for analysis during October-December 2022. Tests were performed by utrl high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for quantitative and metabolomic analysis. Stoichiometric analysis and metabolic pathway analysis were conducted based on mass spectrometry
Results: After conducting content tests, it was discovered that the intercropped biennial Atractylodescontained the required 3% or more atractylodin. After testing, Atractylodes lancea samples did not contain phorate pesticides. On this basis, 411 volatile metabolites were extracted and identified, while 111 secondary metabolites were identified. 36 volatile metabolites and 26 secondary metabolites showed significant differences between the two cropping patterns and different growth years. Through metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, it was found that volatile metabolites had significant differences in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathway.
Conclusions: The biennial intercropping approach, yielded Atractylodes extracts with content levels that were 1.8, 1.9, and 2.3 times higher than those derived from biennial monocrop, annual intercrop, and annual monocrop, respectively. It was also found that secondary metabolites more accurately reflected the distinctions brought about by the different cropping patterns and growth periods in Atractylodes. Hence, this experiment holds significant value as a reference for developing environmentally sustainable agricultural practices for growing this herb. It can also be used to establish an authentic production area model and for the evaluation of herb quality.


X: 0.44155732 Y: 4.088176title: Early stem growth mutation alters metabolic flux changes enhance sesquiterpenoids biosynthesis in Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC publish year: 2022 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. is a well-known medicinal herb in China, containing abundant active components, including a variety of sesquiterpenoids. Owing to a shortage of wild resources, artificial cultivation has become the main breeding mode, leading to the germplasm degradation. In preliminary research, our research group found that a mutant tissue culture seedling of A. lancea is an excellent germplasm resource, characterized by early stem growth and higher sesquiterpenoid content than that of the wild type. In this study, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying efficient sesquiterpenoids synthesis by this mutant A. lancea were systematically evaluated. The results showed that the photosynthetic efficiency, central carbon metabolism efficiency, and energy metabolism efficiency were significantly improved in mutant A. lancea compared with the wild type, and the content of endogenous hormones, such as gibberellin and jasmonic acid, changed significantly. In addition, levels of key metabolites and the expression level of key genes in the mevalonate and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate pathways were significantly higher in mutant type than in wild type, resulting in elevated sesquiterpenoid synthesis in the mutant. These physiological and biochemical properties explain the rapid growth and high sesquiterpenoid content of mutant A. lancea.

Supplementary information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11240-022-02240-5.


X: 1.3062664 Y: 4.3225title: Effects of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species on the growth, physiology, and major components of essential oil of atractylodes lancea publish year: 2018 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: To investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on survival, growth, physiological characteristics, and essential oil accumulation of Atractylodes lancea plantlets, three strains of AMF, including Glomus etunicatum BGC AM0048 (A1), Glomus tortuosum BGC AM0001 (A2), and Glomus mosseae BGC AM0045 (A3), were used to inoculate A. lancea tissue culture seedlings in a greenhouse experiment. The results showed that the inoculation of AMF increased the survival rate of seedlings. The mycorrhizal infection rates in the three inoculated groups were in the order of A3 (63.39%), A2 (47.81%), A1 (42.41%) at 35 d after transplanting, and their positive effects on the growth of A. lancea followed the same order of infection rate, with A3 group showing the best performance. Compared to the control group, plant height, root length, and leaf number per plant in A3 group significantly increased by 21.9%, 65% and 38.7% respectively. The activities of disease resistance enzymes (PAL, PPO, β-1,3glucanase), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POD) as well as chlorophyll (a+b) content in the leaves of AMF treatment groups were improved at some extent. Moreover, AMF inoculation increased the accumulation of the major components (hinesol, β-eudesmol and atractylodin) in the essential oil. Our results showed that there was difference in the preference of AMF for plants. G. mosseae BGC AM0045 (A3) could be used as an excellent fungal strain to inoculate A. lancea seedlings for the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizae in artificial cultivation. © 2018, editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Ecology. All rights reserved.


X: 1.1696553 Y: 4.3788title: Cross-Talk Between Calcium-Calmodulin and Brassinolide for Fungal Endophyte-Induced Volatile Oil Accumulation of Atractylodes lancea Plantlets publish year: 2014 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Using pharmacological and biochemical approaches, the signalling pathways between calcium (Ca2+)–calmodulin (CaM), brassinolide (BL), and nitric oxide (NO) for fungal endophyte-induced volatile oil accumulation were investigated in Atractylodes lancea plantlets. Gilmaniella sp. AL12 inoculation elevated the concentrations of BL, CaM, and [Ca2+]cyt, expression of the calmodulin 1 (CaM1) gene, and the levels of volatile oils. Treatment with AL12 or exogenous BL led to significant increases in the levels of cytosolic Ca2+ and CaM and CaM1 expression in plantlets. However, the upregulation of BL was almost completely blocked by pretreatments with CaM antagonists and Ca2+ channel blockers. Pretreatment with a BL inhibitor, brassinazole (BRz), did not influence the increase in levels of CaM induced by the endophyte. CaCl2-induced increases in NO generation, CaM antagonists, and Ca2+ channel blockers were able to suppress NO production, and the NO-specific scavenger was not able to suppress the generation of [Ca2+]cyt in plantlets. Exogenous BL was not able to induce NO generation, and BRz had no effect on NO generation. Our results suggest that Ca2+–CaM induced by this endophyte mediates NO generation and BL concentration, and also functions downstream of BL signalling, resulting in the upregulation of volatile oil accumulation in A. lancea plantlets.


X: 0.47141126 Y: 3.6351857title: Authenticating the geographic origins of Atractylodes lancea rhizome chemotypes in China through metabolite marker identification publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Introduction
Atractylodes lancea is widely distributed in East Asia, ranging from Amur to south-central China. The rhizome of A. lancea is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, however, the quality of products varies across different regions with different geochemical characteristics.

Method
This study aimed to identify the chemotypes of A. lancea from different areas and screen for chemical markers by quantifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a targeted metabolomics approach based on GC–MS/MS.

Results
The A. lancea distributed in Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, and a region west of Henan province was classified as the Hubei Chemotype (HBA). HBA is characterized by high content of β-eudesmol and hinesol with lower levels of atractylodin and atractylon. In contrast, the Maoshan Chemotype (MA) from Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and other northern regions, exhibited high levels of atractylodin and atractylon. A total of 15 categories of VOCs metabolites were detected and identified, revealing significant differences in the profiles of terpenoid, heterocyclic compound, ester, and ketone among different areas. Multivariate statistics indicated that 6 compounds and 455 metabolites could serve as candidate markers for differentiating A. lancea obtained from the southern, northern, and Maoshan areas.

Discussion
This comprehensive analysis provides a chemical fingerprint of selected A. lancea. Our results highlight the potential of metabolite profiling combined with chemometrics for authenticating the geographical origin of A. lancea.


X: 1.4883626 Y: 4.4690065title: Colonization cues of leaf- and root-inhabiting bacterial microbiota of Atractylodes lancea derived in vitro and in vivo publish year: 2018 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Background and aimsRecent studies have demonstrated that leaf inhabiting endophytic bacteria can be selective derived from the air, and root inhabiting endophytic bacteria can selectively come from the soil. We wonder if inhabiting bacteria in plant leaves can also come from the roots, and vice versa. Methods
We designed an experimental device to study plant Atractylodes lancea acquirements of bacterial endophytes from both the inside and abiotic environment. Inhabiting bacterial microbiota and volatile oil profiles in leaf and root compartment of Atractylodes lancea were estimated through Illumina Mi-seq platform and gas chromatography, respectively. ResultsThe majority of inhabiting bacterial endophytes in leaves and roots were coming from the soil. However, air-borne bacteria also participated in defining root endophytic bacteria populations. The bacteria population from different Atractylodes lancea compartments are under different selection, thus ultimately root and leaf endophyte types differ, which ultimately influence the volatile oil profiles in the leaf and root compartments of Atractylodes lancea. Conclusions
These results provide a first glimpse of the inhabiting bacterial microbiota that transmit between inside of plant leaf and root compartments.


X: 0.4639171 Y: 3.7978873title: Spatial metabolomics reveals potential biomarkers for red secretory cavities in Atractylodes lancea natural accessions publish year: 2022 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes lancea, known as Cangzhu in Chinese , has been widely used in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The colour of secretory cavity (SC) at Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR) differs greatly among geographic origins and cinnabar-like red SCs of AR is considered of high quality in TCM. However, chemical basis underlying this colour variation across natural accessions and within plant tissues are largely unknown, impeding implications of efficacy of cinnabar-like spots for Cangzhu in TCM. Here, we carried out laser capture microdissection (LCM) based metabolomics on three A. lancea natural accessions with distinct AR colour patterns. Multivariate statistics across various SC types identified three polyacetylenes significantly associated with the red SCs of AR. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) further indicated that they are likely the causal compounds underlying the cinnabar-like colour of SCs in A. lancea. We thus provide a clear example of using spatial metabolomics to reveal key metabolite markers associated with important pharmaceutical properties by using very limited number of natural accessions in a non-model plant. It will further guide the elucidation of biosynthetic pathways for polyacetylenes in herbaceous plant A. lancea .


X: 0.80064154 Y: 3.2000794title: [Studies on chemical constituents in essential oil from wild Atractylodes lancea in dabie mountains] publish year: 2004 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: The chemical constituents in essential oil of wild Atractylodes lancea (Thumb.) DC. from Dabie Mountains were studied. The essential oil was extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction equipment and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. 49 compounds were identified and they represent 92.49% of the total peak aeras. The extraction method and solvent selection of the essential oil were studied. The oil yields and major constituents from Atractylodes lancea (Thumb.) DC. from Dabie Mountains were contrasted to that had been reported. The results showed that Atractylodes lancea (Thumb.) DC. from Dabie Mountains had more essential oil (10.14%) and there were more constituents in it. The main constituents in the essential oil were hinesol, beta-eudesmol, 1H-cyclopropa (a) naphthalene, 1a,2,3,5,6,7,7a,7b-octaphdro-1,1,7,7a-tetramethyl-, [1aR-(1a. alpha, 7. alpha, 7a. alpha,7b. alpha-)] -and gamma-eudesmol. Both the major constituents and contents were different from that had been reported.


X: -0.5830263 Y: 3.200707title: β-Eudesmol (a Main Component of Atractylodes lancea)-lnduced Potentiation of Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockade in Diaphragm Muscles of Normal and Diabetic Mice publish year: 1989 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Potentiating effects of β-eudesmol on neuromuscular blockade were investigated in phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscles of normal and alloxan-diabetic mice. Pretreatment with β-eudesmol potentiated the blocking effects of suc-cinylcholine to a greater extent in diabetic muscles than in normal ones. This effect was saturated after 30-min pretreatment in normal muscles. Further potentiation was observed after 60-min pretreatment in diabetic muscles. These results suggest that β-eudesmol modifies the sensitivity of diabetic mice to depolarizing blockers so that they have a higher susceptibility to these compounds.


X: 1.0793571 Y: 4.180493title: Comparative analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome and medicinally active ingredients of Atractylodes lancea from different geographical origins publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: This study aimed to explore the important role of the rhizosphere microbiome in the quality of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (A. lancea). The rhizosphere microbial community of A. lancea at two sampling sites was studied using metagenomic technology. The results of α-diversity analysis showed that the rhizosphere microbial richness and diversity were higher in the Maoshan area. The higher abundance of core microorganisms of the rhizosphere, especially Penicillium and Streptomyces, in the Maoshan area compared with those in the Yingshan area might be an important factor affecting the yield of A. lancea. Redundancy analysis illustrated that the available phosphorus had a significant effect on the rhizosphere microbial community structure of A. lancea. We also showed that the plant–microbe and microbe–microbe interactions were closer in the Maoshan area than in the Yingshan area, and Streptomyces were the main contributors to the potential functional difference between the two regions. A. lancea in the Maoshan area had a high content of atractylodin and atractylon, which might be related to the enhanced abundance of Streptomyces, Candidatus-Solibacter, and Frankia. Taken together, this study provided theoretical insights into the interaction between medicinal plants and the rhizosphere microbiome and provides a valuable reference for studying beneficial microbes of A. lancea.


X: 1.4550751 Y: 4.470767title: Insights into the impacts of autotoxic allelochemicals from rhizosphere of Atractylodes lancea on soil microenvironments publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes lancea suffers from continuous cropping obstacles that have become a major constraint in its cultivation, but there is still little information on the autotoxic allelochemicals and their interaction with soil microorganisms. In this study, we firstly identified the autotoxic allelochemicals from rhizosphere of A. lancea and determined their autotoxicity. Third-year continuous A. lancea cropping soils, i.e., rhizospheric soil and bulk soil, compared with control soil and one-year natural fallow soil were used to determine soil biochemical properties and microbial community. Eight allelochemicals from A. lancea roots were detected and exhibited significant autotoxicity effects on seed germination and seedling growth of A. lancea with the highest content of dibutyl phthalate in rhizospheric soil and lowest IC50 value of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol inhibiting seed germination. The contents of soil nutrients and organic matter, pH value, and enzyme activity were altered between different soils, and the parameters of fallow soil were close to those of the unplanted soil. The PCoA analysis indicated that the community composition of both bacteria and fungi were differed significantly among the soil samples. Continuous cropping decreased OTUs numbers of bacterial and fungal communities, and natural fallow restored them. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Actinobacteria decreased, and that of Acidobacteria and Ascomycota increased after three years cultivation. The LEfSe analysis identified 115 and 49 biomarkers for bacterial and fungal communities, respectively. The results suggested that natural fallow restored the structure of soil microbial community. Overall, our results revealed that autotoxic allelochemicals caused the variations of soil microenvironments and resulted in replantation problem of A. lancea, and natural fallow alleviated the soil deterioration by remodeling the rhizospheric microbial community and restoring soil biochemical properties. These findings provide important insights and clues for solving the continuous cropping problems and guiding the management of sustainable farmland.


X: -3.987481 Y: 9.991142title: Mechanisms of the Traditional Chinese Herb Atractylodes lancea against COVID-19 Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking publish year: 2022 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL) has been proven to be effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, TCMSP, TCMID, OMIM, GeneCards, PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction were used to collect potential targets for AL against COVID-19. The online STRING analysis platform and Cytoscape were used for generating a (protein-protein interaction) PPI network. The Cytoscape and Autodock software were used for determining hub genes and key compounds. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed via DAVID database. A total of 84 common targets were obtained. The antiviral pathways were main pathways in traetment. 10 hub genes and key compounds were screened by CytoHubba. We found that AL2, AL6 and AL38 had lower binding energy with key proteins. Our study demonstrated that AL might be used to treat COVID-19 by improving the "cytokine storm", regulating some antiviral pathways, and inhibiting the key protein through which the SARS-CoV-2 invades the host cell. These findings give a pharmacological basis and support for treating COVID-19 with AL.


X: 0.23287381 Y: 4.5132213title: Comparative plastome analyses and evolutionary relationships of all species and cultivars within the medicinal plant genus Atractylodes publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes DC., a member of the Asteraceae family, is a crucial medicinal plant in East Asia. However, determining the taxonomy and phylogeny of Atractylodes remains challenging due to its hybridization and similar morphological features. To address this issue, we conducted a study wherein we sequenced 21 complete plas-tomes of all species and cultivars in Atractylodes. Our analysis revealed that all the plastomes within this genus had a typical quadripartite structure and ranged from 153,129 to 153,300 bp in length. Comparative plastome analyses revealed ten highly variable regions (trnH-psbA, rps18-rpl20, trnL-trnF, psbA-trnK, ndhD-ccsA, rpl20, trnK-matK, psbC-trnS, trnL-rpl32, petA-psbJ). A total of 4 polymorphic SSRs among 21 Atractylodes samples and 8 polymorphic SSRs among a wild and two cultivated populations of A. macrocephala were identified. Our phylogenetic analysis based on both plastid and RAD datasets was highly supported and provided insights into the plastid capture events that occurred in the A. lancea complex through putative ancient hybridization. Overall, our study provides a robust phylogeny and a temporal framework for further research on phylogeographic and population genetics of Atractylodes. The genomic resources we have accumulated will also be available for genetic engineering and germplasm exploration of this medicinally and economically important genus.


X: -0.23956156 Y: 2.728708title: Glycosides of Atractylodes lance publish year: 2003 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Five sesquiterpenoid glycosides (two guaiane-type glycosides and three eudesmane-type glucosides) and a glucoside of an acetylene derivative were newly isolated from the water-soluble portion of the methanolic extract of Atractylodes lancea rhizome together with 26 known compounds. Their structures were characterized as atractyloside A 14-O-beta-D-fructofuranoside, (1S,4S,5S,7R,10S)-10,11,14-trihydroxyguai-3-one 11-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, (5R,7R,10S)-isopterocarpolone beta-D-glucopyranoside, cis-atractyloside I, (2R,3R,5R,7R,10S)-atractyloside G 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and (2E,8E)-2,8-decadiene-4,6-diyne-1,10-diol 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic investigation. The presence of six characteristic guaiane-type glucosides in both rhizomes of A. lancea and Atractylodes japonica suggested a close chemotaxonomic relationship between them.


X: 0.0946897 Y: 4.2098746title: Identification of Atractylodes plants in Chinese herbs and formulations by random amplified polymorphic DNA publish year: 2001 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: An efficient, precise, and sensitive method for identifying Atractylodes plants has been established and will contribute significantly to quality control and scientific analysis in Chinese traditional medicine.
Twenty primers were applied for setting up the RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) markers of Atractylodes plants, Atractylodes lancea DC (A lancea DC), Atractylodes japonica Koidz (A japonica K), and Atractylodes ovata DC (A ovata DC). The primer OPF03, OPF05, and OPF14 could discriminate them successfully. The results were also able to apply on the Chinese formulations with Atractylodes purchased from local markets.
RAPD was used to investigate phylogenetic relationships among and within closely related species. RAPD analysis reflects heritable changes in the nucleotides sequence in both the coding and noncoding regions, because it is conducted directly from the DNA level. This work first conducted RAPD analysis of Atractylodes plants to establish their RAPD makers.
The RAPD markers could be applied extensively in the Chinese herbal formulations.


X: 0.48762906 Y: 3.6253858title: Authenticating the geographic origins of Atractylodes lancea rhizome chemotypes in China through metabolite marker identification publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Introduction
Atractylodes lancea is widely distributed in East Asia, ranging from Amur to south-central China. The rhizome of A. lancea is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, however, the quality of products varies across different regions with different geochemical characteristics.

Method
This study aimed to identify the chemotypes of A. lancea from different areas and screen for chemical markers by quantifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a targeted metabolomics approach based on GC–MS/MS.

Results
The A. lancea distributed in Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, and a region west of Henan province was classified as the Hubei Chemotype (HBA). HBA is characterized by high content of β-eudesmol and hinesol with lower levels of atractylodin and atractylon. In contrast, the Maoshan Chemotype (MA) from Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and other northern regions, exhibited high levels of atractylodin and atractylon. A total of 15 categories of VOCs metabolites were detected and identified, revealing significant differences in the profiles of terpenoid, heterocyclic compound, ester, and ketone among different areas. Multivariate statistics indicated that 6 compounds and 455 metabolites could serve as candidate markers for differentiating A. lancea obtained from the southern, northern, and Maoshan areas.

Discussion
This comprehensive analysis provides a chemical fingerprint of selected A. lancea. Our results highlight the potential of metabolite profiling combined with chemometrics for authenticating the geographical origin of A. lancea.


X: 1.1324048 Y: 4.2327194title: Role of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in the essential oil increasing of suspension cells from Atractylodes lancea induced by endophytic fungal Cunninghamella sp. AL4 elicitor publish year: 2009 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Crude elicitor of one endophytic fungi (belong to Cunninghamella sp., named AL4) induced multiple responses in Atractylodes lancea suspension cells, including rapid generation of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sequentially followed by enhancement of essential oil production. Adding NO-specific scavenger 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5, 5-tetramethylimidazol ine-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) and H2O2 scavenger catalase (CAT) could block elicitor-induced NO and H2O2 generation respectively, but could all partly block elicitor-induced essential oil biosynthesis. Adding NO-donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and H2O2 could all promote essential oil accumulation in A. lancea cells, but the effect of both was different. These results strongly suggested that NO and H2O2 may all act as signaling molecule to mediate AL4 elicitor promoting essential oil accumulation in suspension cells of A. lancea. Furthermore, adding cPTIO and CAT contemporarily could not completely inhibit essential oil accumulation induced by AL4 elicitor. This result suggested that AL4 elicitor could also promote essential oil accumulation in suspension cells of A. lancea by other means.


X: 0.7386301 Y: 4.3086085title: Transcriptomic and physiological analysis of atractylodes chinensis in response to drought stress reveals the putative genes related to sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis publish year: 2024 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Background
Atractylodes chinensis (DC) Koidz., a dicotyledonous and hypogeal germination species, is an important medicinal plant because its rhizome is enriched in sesquiterpenes. The development and production of A. chinensis are negatively affected by drought stress, especially at the seedling stage. Understanding the molecular mechanism of A. chinensis drought stress response plays an important role in ensuring medicinal plant production and quality. In this study, A. chinensis seedlings were subjected to drought stress treatment for 0 (control), 3 (D3), and 9 days (D9). For the control, the sample was watered every two days and collected on the second morning after watering. The integration of physiological and transcriptomic analyses was carried out to investigate the effects of drought stress on A. chinensis seedlings and to reveal the molecular mechanism of its drought stress response.

Results
The malondialdehyde, proline, soluble sugar, and crude protein contents and antioxidative enzyme (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) activity were significantly increased under drought stress compared with the control. Transcriptomic analysis indicated a total of 215,665 unigenes with an average length of 759.09 bp and an N50 of 1140 bp. A total of 29,449 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between the control and D3, and 14,538 DEGs were detected between the control and D9. Under drought stress, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis had the highest number of unigenes in the metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. To identify candidate genes involved in the sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, we observed 22 unigene-encoding enzymes in the terpenoid backbone biosynthetic pathway and 15 unigene-encoding enzymes in the sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways under drought stress.

Conclusion
Our study provides transcriptome profiles and candidate genes involved in sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis in A. chinensis in response to drought stress. Our results improve our understanding of how drought stress might affect sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways in A. chinensis.


X: 0.11060117 Y: 4.0875278title: Identification of the Crude Drug Atractylodes Rhizome (Byaku-jutsu) and Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome (So-jutsu) Using Chloroplast TrnK Sequence as a Molecular Marker. publish year: 2000 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Novel methods for molecular authentication of Atractylodes-derived crude drugs (Jutsu) were established based on PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct sequencing of chloroplast trnK. Two regions inside the chloroplast trnK were selected as molecular markers for identification and discrimination of Atractylodes Rhizome (Byaku-jutsu) and Atractylodes Lancea Rhizome (So-jutsu). The Region 1 fragment (260 bp) amplified from So-jutsu and Wa-byaku-jutsu (Atractylodes Rhizome derived from A. japonica) gave 2 bands of 180 bp and 80 bp on agarose gel electrophoresis after digestion with a restriction endonuclease HinfI, whereas the fragment amplified from Kara-byaku-jutsu (Atractylodes Rhizome derived from A. ovata) remained undigested, which allowed unambiguous identification of Kara-byaku-jutsu. By direct sequencing of Region 2 (436 bp) and comparison of the nucleotide sequence data sets we could not only discriminate Byaku-jutsu and So-jutsu but also identify the original plant species of each crude drug specimen. A simple and reliable protocol for rapid preparation of DNA suitable for PCR from as little as 1 mg of Atractylodes-derived crude drugs was also described.


X: 0.30694526 Y: 3.8392403title: Recent progress and ongoing challenges in Rhizoma atractylodis research: biogeography, biosynthesis, quality formation and control publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Rhizoma atractylodis, including Atractylodes lancea and Atractylodes chinensis, is widely utilized worldwide as a Chinese meteria medica (CMM) due to its rich content of various sesquiterpenoids and other medicinal components. Benefiting from the rapid and ongoing advancements in analytical technologies, significant strides have been achieved in advancing the analysis of Rhizoma atractylodis towards a more systematic, comprehensive, personalized, and intelligent approach. In this review, we highlight the progress made in the biogeography, biosynthesis, quality formation, and control of Rhizoma atractylodis over the past decade. Special attention is given to the incorporation of advanced genetics tools, modern omics technology, and chemometric methods that facilitate the accurate utilization of Rhizoma atractylodis. The elucidation of biosynthetic pathways, the formation of quality, and the control of active components continue to pose challenges in the study of Rhizoma atractylodis. Additionally, this review presents novel directions and opportunities aimed at enhancing ongoing research efforts.


X: -0.64066046 Y: 3.3225543title: [Pharmacodynamics of water extracts from Atractylodes lancea before and after processing] publish year: 2012 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: To study the pharmacological changes of Atractylodes lancea before and after processing and the processing mechanism on the basis of the pharmacological changes.
The model of dampness retention in the middle-jiao rats was established to determine small intestine peristalsis rate, GAS level, urine volume and AQP2 content from urine in different groups.
All treatment groups showed increase in small intestinal peristalsis rate and GAS level. The bran-processed group showed significant difference from the negative group. The high dose A. lancea group showed increase in urine volume and decrease in urine AQP2 content in model rats, which were different from the negative group.
Water extracts from bran-processed A. lancea can obviously increase small intestinal peristalsis and GAS level, indicating that A. lancea has the effect for strengthening spleen and stomach after stir-baking with bran. Its impact on urine and urine AQP2 content in model rats demonstrates that its dryness of A. lancea is alleviated after stir-baking with bran.


X: 0.1066605 Y: 3.4391394title: Study on HPLC fingerprint of water-soluble constituents in Atractylodes lancea from different locations publish year: 2009 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Fingerprints of water-soluble constituents in Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. were established by HPLC-ELSD, and the fingerprints of water-soluble constituents in wild and cultivated A. lancea from different locations were compared. The results show that the fingerprint obtained by HPLC-ELSD is stable and reliable, and has a good reproducibility. The retention time of water-soluble constituents in tested samples is less than 65 min and the fingerprint has 16 typical common peaks. The fingerprints are quite similar to the standard chromatogram, indicating that the chromatogram fingerprint could be used as the characteristic fingerprint for the water-soluble constituents in A. lancea. The chemical component of water-soluble constituents in wild A. lancea from Jiangsu Province are essentially identical with those in the cultivated ones which are mainly sesquiterpenoids, and the main component is atractyloside A. While water-soluble constituent in wild A. lancea from Hubei Province also contains a higher content of sesquiterpenoids, but the main component is not atractyloside A.


X: 1.4543189 Y: 4.597762title: Interactions of two endophytic fungi colonizing Atractylodes lancea and effects on the host’s essential oils publish year: 2013 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: We investigated interactions between endophytic fungi infecting the same host; Gilmaniella sp. AL12 and Cunninghamella sp. AL4 are endophytes of Atractylodes lancea (Asteraceae). We studied the effect on the host’s essential oils of the single inoculation of one fungus and the mixed inoculation of both. We also observed the effects of these inoculations on endophytic fungal colonization and distribution. Single inoculation included two groups: single inoculation of AL12 (AL12 group), and single inoculation of AL4 (AL4 group). Mixed inoculation included three groups: AL4 inoculation first, followed by AL12 (AL4/AL12), simultaneous inoculation of AL4 and AL12 (AL4_VS_AL12), and AL12 inoculation first, followed by AL4 (AL12/AL4). The control (CK) did not include any fungi. AL4 was observed to prefer to colonize rhizomes, and AL12 to colonize blades of plants. The isolation rate of each fungus in the mixed inoculation group was lower than in the single inoculation group; this may have been due to niche competition. When we inoculated AL12 first and then AL4, the isolation rate of AL4 in stems, leaves, and roots decreased. Similarly, when we inoculated AL4 first and then AL12, the isolation rate of AL12 decreased in the stems and leaves. However, in the roots it appeared that the invasion of AL4 changed the volatile oil levels and that this helped the colonization of AL12; the colonization rate of AL12 following single inoculation was slightly lower than in the AL12/AL4 group and the AL4_VS_AL12 group. This may illustrate that these endophytes have a long history of mutual colonization of roots, and thus have synergies with each other. We used tissue staining to observe inoculated plant tissue. No hyphae were observed intruding into plant cells, and the hyphae of the two fungi were not observed intertwining; meaning that there was no physical interaction between them. However, we found hyphae colonizing the interspaces of leaf tissues and between root cortical cells. These hyphae were single bend fold and unbranched. These mycelia exhibited adaptive morphology compared with those in in vitro pure culture. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed us to more clearly observe endophytic colonization between root cortical cells. Gas chromatography showed that both single and mixed inoculation significantly increased levels of atractylone and atractylodin in the essential oils of A. lancea. In particular, the relative percentage of atractylodin in groups AL12/AL4 and AL4/AL12 was twice as much as in the control group, and the relative percentage of atractylone in AL4_VS_AL12 was more than three times that of the control. The gas chromatograph of the host’s essential oil was more complex following mixed inoculation than it was in the control.


X: 0.14143115 Y: 3.851699title: Metabolic fingerprinting for discrimination of DNA-authenticated Atractylodes plants using 1H NMR spectroscopy publish year: 2021 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Identifying different species of the genus Atractylodes which are commonly used in Chinese and Japanese traditional medicine, using chromatographic approaches can be difficult. ¹ H NMR metabolic profiling of DNA-authenticated, archived rhizomes of the genus Atractylodes was performed for genetic and chemical evaluation. The ITS region of the nuclear rDNA was sequenced for five species, A. japonica , A. macrocephala , A. lancea , A. chinensis , and A. koreana . Our samples had nucleotide sequences as previously reported, except that part of the A. lancea cultivated in Japan had a type 5, hybrid DNA sequence. Principal component analysis (PCA) using ¹ H NMR spectra of extracts with two solvent systems (CD 3 OD, CDCl 3 ) was performed. When CDCl 3 extracts were utilized, the chemometric analysis enabled the identification and classification of Atractylodes species according to their composition of major sesquiterpene compounds. The ¹ H NMR spectra using CD 3 OD contained confounding sugar peaks. PCA removal of these peaks gave the same result as that obtained using CDCl 3 and allowed species distinction. Such chemometric methods with multivariate analysis of NMR spectra will be useful for the discrimination of plant species, without specifying the index components and quantitative analysis on multi-components.

Graphic abstract


X: -0.38126218 Y: 3.5978613title: Atractylodes lancea volatile oils target ADAR2‐miR‐181a‐5p signaling to mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation publish year: 2022 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodeslancea Rhizoma (Rhizoma atractylodis [RA]) has long been recommended for the treatment of arthritis in traditional Chinese medicine, but its mechanism of action is still unclear. RA contains a large amount of Atractylodes lancea volatile oils (Atr). In this study, we investigated whether Atr can promote mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) chondrogenic differentiation. The Atr were extracted from RA by steam distillation method, and the effect of Atr on MSCs was detected by the CCK8 assay. The optimal concentration of Atr for MSCs cultivation was 3 μg/ml. The differentially expressed miR-181a-5p was screened by miRNA microarray assay, and its mimics and inhibitors were transfected into MSCs. It was found that the inhibitor of miR-181a-5p could upregulate cartilage-specific genes such as SOX9, COL2A1, and ACAN. Meanwhile, we also found that the expression of gene editing enzyme ADAR2 was significantly increased in the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs induced by Atr, and the bases of precursor sequence of miR-181a-5p were changed from A to G. After ADAR2 deletion, the expression of cartilage-specific genes was significantly down-regulated and the precursor sequence bases of miR-181a-5p were not changed. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the predicted target gene of miR-181a-5p was yingyang1 (YY1), and the targeting relationship was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. After deleting YY1, the expression of cartilage-specific genes was significantly down-regulated. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Atr can promote chondrogenic differentiation of MSC through regulation of the ADAR2-miR-181a-5p signaling pathway. This may provide a new insight into the possible mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (Atr) in treating inflammatory joint diseases.


X: -0.846308 Y: 2.5241957title: Characterization of pectic polysaccharides having intestinal immune system modulating activity from rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea DC publish year: 2001 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Two acidic polysaccharides (ALR-a and ALR-b, former names ALR-5IIb-2-2 and 5IIc-3-1, respectively; although ALR-5IIb-2-2 and 5IIc-3-1 were used as their abbreviations in a previous paper (Planta Med., 64 (1998) 714), here the polysaccharides have been abbreviated to ALR-a and ALR-b, respectively, in order to avoid complexity) have been purified from rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea DC. as intestinal immune system modulating polysaccharides (Planta Med., 64 (1998) 714). Endo-α-d-(1→4)-polygalacturonase digestion of ALR-b gave large proportions of a fragment (PG-1) eluted in the void volume, and the lowest-molecular-weight fraction (PG-3) in addition to a small proportion of intermediate fraction (PG-2). Component sugar and methylation analyses using base-catalyzed β-elimination indicated that PG-1 consisted of a rhamnogalacturonan core with side chains rich in neutral sugars and that PG-3 mainly contained (1→4)-linked galacturono-oligosaccharides. PG-2 comprised characteristic component sugars such as 2-Me-Fuc, 2-Me-Xyl, apiose (Api) and aceric acid (AceA), but PG-2 lacked some glycosidic linkages compared with those of the typical rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II). PG-2 showed potent intestinal immune system modulating activity, but PG-1 and galacturono-oligosaccharides in PG-3 had no activity.Further gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography of ALR-a gave a potent intestinal immune system modulating polysaccharide (ALR-a-Bb). Component sugar and methylation analyses indicated that ALR-a-Bb also comprised unusual component sugars characteristic in RG-II as well as PG-2 derived from ALR-b.ALR-a-Bb or PG-2 from ALR-b little affected directly the proliferation of bone marrow cells. PG-2 from ALR-b expressed similar significant intestinal immune system modulating activity to RG-II (GL-RI) isolated from leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, but RG-II obtained from a pharmacologically active pectin (bupleuran 2IIb) of Bupleurum falcatum L. had no activity.


X: 0.21487741 Y: 3.8139665title: Recent progress and ongoing challenges in Rhizoma atractylodis research: biogeography, biosynthesis, quality formation and control publish year: 2023 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Rhizoma atractylodis, including Atractylodes lancea and Atractylodes chinensis, is widely utilized worldwide as a Chinese meteria medica (CMM) due to its rich content of various sesquiterpenoids and other medicinal components. Benefiting from the rapid and ongoing advancements in analytical technologies, significant strides have been achieved in advancing the analysis of Rhizoma atractylodis towards a more systematic, comprehensive, personalized, and intelligent approach. In this review, we highlight the progress made in the biogeography, biosynthesis, quality formation, and control of Rhizoma atractylodis over the past decade. Special attention is given to the incorporation of advanced genetics tools, modern omics technology, and chemometric methods that facilitate the accurate utilization of Rhizoma atractylodis. The elucidation of biosynthetic pathways, the formation of quality, and the control of active components continue to pose challenges in the study of Rhizoma atractylodis. Additionally, this review presents novel directions and opportunities aimed at enhancing ongoing research efforts.


X: 0.3074132 Y: 4.351078title: A preliminary study on relationship between Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis as analyzed by RAPD publish year: 2001 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: To study the relationship between A. lancea and A. chinensis by RAPD analysis.
Using 10 random primers, RAPD of seven Atractylodes samples was performed. The result was analyzed by RAPDistance Package Version 1.04.
A total of 60 polymerphic loci were amplified. It appears that the Atractylodes samples tend to cluster in relation to their habitats, and A. lancea has close phylogenetic relationship with A. japonica.
A certain correlation among the chemical composition, genetic diversity and geographic distribution has been revealed. It is reasonable to separate A. lancea from A. chinensis according to their habitats.


X: -0.039150603 Y: 3.2513204title: Qualitative and quantitative determination of Atractylodes rhizome using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry with data-dependent processing publish year: 2018 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: A quick and effective workflow based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electron spray ionization and LTQ‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ LTQ‐Orbitrap MS) was established for compositional analysis and screening the characteristic compounds of three species of Atractylodes rhizome for quality evaluation. This technique was employed to determine the seven main components in Atractylodes rhizome samples. Ultimately, seventy‐eight constituents were identified; of these, seven characteristic compounds were selected for species discrimination, including atractylodin (63), atractylenolide I (43), atractylenolide II (49), atractylenolide III (53), atractylon (69), methyl‐atractylenolide II (54), and (4E,6E,12E)‐tetradecadecatriene‐8,10‐diyne‐1,3‐diacetate (59). The seven main compounds, including six characteristic compounds, were simultaneously determined in twenty‐nine batches of Atractylodes rhizome samples. Thus, the method validation showed acceptable results. Quantitative analysis showed significantly different contents of the seven main components among the three species of Atractylodes rhizome, which indicates possible distinctions in the pharmacological effects. This established method can simultaneously provide qualitative and quantitative results, for compositional characterization of Atractylodes rhizomes and for quality control.


X: 1.3909913 Y: 4.409015title: Microbial diversity and community structure changes in the rhizosphere soils of Atractylodes lancea from different planting years publish year: 2020 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes lancea is a type of typical traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herb that is economically important in China. The traditional planting method of A. lancea is to plant in situ continuously for many years, which often leads to impediments for its growth and development and soil-borne diseases. The root-associated microbiome is believed to play an important role in plant resistance and the quality of products from the plant. This study aims to reveal detailed changes in the populations of rhizosphere microorganisms, and providing theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases in A. lancea. A high-throughput sequencing approach was utilized to illustrate changes in the microbial community from different planting years. Results and conclusions: The results show that the diversity and composition of the root-associated microbiome was significantly impacted by the consecutive monoculture of A. lancea. At the level of the comparisons of the phyla, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota declined significantly. In contrast, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Mortierellomycota distinctly increased. Comparisons at the genus level indicated that Sphingomonas, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Pedobacter, and Tausonia decreased significantly, whereas Mortierella, Cylindrocarpon, Dactylonectria, and Mucor distinctly increased. In conclusion, this study helps to develop an understanding of the impediments involved in the consecutive monoculture of A. lancea.


X: -1.2648048 Y: 3.1522343title: Enhanced oral bioavailability and biodistribution of atractylodin encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticle in cholangiocarcinoma publish year: 2020 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodes lancea (Thunb) DC. and its bioactive compound atractylodin (ATD), have been shown to exert promising anticancer activity against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) both in vitro and in vivo. However, the clinical development of ATD could be hindered due to hydrophobicity and poor pharmacokinetic properties, and thus, the requirement of high dose administration and the risk of toxicity. In the present study, ATD‐loaded in PLGA nanoparticles (ATD‐PLGA) and that coated with chitosan (ATD‐PLGA‐CS) were developed using nanoprecipitation and single emulsification methods, respectively. The optimized ATD‐PLGA formulation provided superior physical and pharmaceutical properties over ATD‐PLGA‐CS. The antiproliferative activity of ATD‐PLGA against the two CCA cell lines, HuCCT1 and CL6, and the normal cell line (OUMS‐36T‐1F) was evaluated using MTT assay. Results showed that normal epithelial cell was less sensitive to ATD‐PLGA compared to both CCA cell lines. In mice, the radiolabelled 99mTc‐ATD‐PLGA showed superior pharmacokinetic profile over free 99mTc‐ATD, as evidenced by a 2.7‐fold increase of area under plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC0‐∞), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (tmax), and mean residence time (MRT). Higher accumulation of 99mTc‐ATD‐PLGA was observed in vital organs/tissues such as blood, liver, heart, and kidney, compared with free 99mTc‐ATD‐PLGA. Altogether, the results suggest that PLGA NPs could be a suitable drug delivery carrier for ATD in CCA.


X: -0.64922005 Y: 3.4658515title: Antiviral activities of atractylon from Atractylodis Rhizoma publish year: 2016 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: Atractylodis Rhizoma is a traditional medicinal herb, which has antibacterial, antiviral, anti‑inflammatory and anti‑allergic, anticancer, gastroprotective and neuroprotective activities. It is widely used for treating fever, cold, phlegm, edema and arthralgia syndrome in South‑East Asian nations. In this study, 6 chemical compositions of Atractylodis Rhizoma were characterized by spectral analysis and their antiviral activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Among them, atractylon showed most significant antiviral activities. Atractylon treatment at doses of 10‑40 mg/kg for 5 days attenuated influenza A virus (IAV)‑induced pulmonary injury and decreased the serum levels of interleukin (IL)‑6, tumor necrosis factor‑α and IL‑1β, but increased interferon‑β (IFN‑β) levels. Atractylon treatment upregulated the expression of Τoll‑like receptor 7 (TLR7), MyD88, tumor necrosis factor receptor‑associated factor 6 and IFN‑β mRNA but downregulated nuclear factor‑κB p65 protein expression in the lung tissues of IAV‑infected mice. These results demonstrated that atractylon significantly alleviated IAV‑induced lung injury via regulating the TLR7 signaling pathway, and may warrant further evaluation as a possible agent for IAV treatment.


X: 0.826591 Y: 4.288166title: Physiological-biochemical response of Atractylodes lancea from different habitats to waterlogging stress and comprehensive evaluation of their waterlogging tolerance with TOPSIS approach publish year: 2016 keyword: Atractylodes_lancea content: In order to provide theoretical basis for selection of waterlogging-tolerance varieties of Atractylodes lancea, the effects of waterlogging on physiological indexes, photosynthesis parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of A. lancea from three different sites were studied. The results showed that: (1) Along with prolonging of waterlogging stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in leaves of A. lancea from the different sites increased first and then declined. The activities of SOD and POD reached the highest values on day 2 and day 6, respectively. The activities of CAT of A. lancea from Yingshan and Xinyang reached the highest value on day 2, while that from Jurong was the highest on day 4 and showed longest upward cycle and greatest maximum. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) contents showed a rising trend, and were significantly higher than those in control group on day 7. (2) Along with prolonging of waterlogging stress, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal limitation (Ls) decreased and were significantly lower than those in control group on day 7, but there was no obvious difference among the different site groups. (3) The maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) and potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo) decreased, and these two indexes from Jurong site were significantly higher than those from the other two sites. Waterlogging stress had greater effects on the Fv/Fo than on the Fv/Fm. Actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv′/Fm′), electron transport rate (ETR), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) increased in the earlier days and then declined with prolonging time. Each group’s Fv′/Fm ′ and ETR reached the highest values on day 1; the qP and NPQ reached the highest values on day 1 for Yingshan and Xinyang site groups, but on day 3 for Jurong site group. The assessment of physiological indexes, photosynthesis parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of A. lancea from the different sites using TOPSIS method indicated that the order of waterlogging-tolerance of A. lancea varieties was Jurong> Yingshan> Xinyang. © 2016, editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Ecology. All rights Reserved.