Xs: 3.9348629 Ys: -1.0418472 Publish year: 2019 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: The Mediterranean Diet: From an Environment-Driven Food Culture to an Emerging Medical Prescription abstract: The Mediterranean diet originates in the food cultures of ancient civilizations which developed around the Mediterranean Basin and is based on the regular consumption of olive oil (as the main source of added fat), plant foods (cereals, fruits, vegetables, legumes, tree nuts, and seeds), the moderate consumption of fish, seafood, and dairy, and low-to-moderate alcohol (mostly red wine) intake, balanced by a comparatively limited use of red meat and other meat products. A few decades ago, the Mediterranean diet drew the attention of medical professionals by proving extended health benefits. The first reports ascertained cardiovascular protection, as multiple large-scale clinical studies, starting with Ancel Keys’ Seven Countries Study, showed a marked reduction of atherosclerotic clinical events in populations with a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Ensuing trials confirmed favorable influences on the risk for metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. While its health benefits are universally recognized today by medical professionals, the present state of the Mediterranean diet is challenged by major difficulties in implementing this protective dietary pattern in other geographical and cultural areas and keeping it alive in traditional Mediterranean territories, also tainted by the unhealthy eating habits brought by worldwide acculturation.


Xs: 4.0715427 Ys: -0.8577088 Publish year: 2021 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Diets benefiting health and climate relate to longevity in northern Sweden abstract: Background:
Diets combining adequate nutritional quality and low climate impact are highly needed for human and planet health.

Objectives:
We aimed to 1) evaluate nutrient density indexes' ability to predict mortality, and 2) assess the effects of diets varying in nutrient density and climate impact on total mortality.

Methods:
Dietary data from 49,124 women and 47,651 men aged 35-65 y in the population-based prospective study Västerbotten Intervention Programme (Sweden) were used. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) were estimated using data from life cycle assessments. Fifteen variants of nutrient density indexes were evaluated and the index that best predicted mortality was used to estimate participants' nutrient density. GHGEs and nutrient density were adjusted for energy intakes. Total mortality risk was estimated by Cox proportional hazards models for 4 groups of women and men, respectively, i.e., higher nutrient density, lower climate impact (HNutr/LClim); higher nutrient density, higher climate impact (HNutr/HClim); lower nutrient density, lower climate impact (LNutr/LClim); and lower nutrient density, higher climate impact (LNutr/HClim-reference group).

Results:
NRF11.3, a Sweden-adapted variant of the Nutrient Rich Foods index, was identified to have the best ability to predict mortality in the study population. Median follow-up times for women and men were 16.0 and 14.7 y, respectively. For women a significantly lower mortality risk was found for HNutr/LClim (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.96; P = 0.008) and HNutr/HClim (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.97; P = 0.011) than for LNutr/HClim. Among men LNutr/LClim had a significantly higher mortality risk (HR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.21; P = 0.033) than LNutr/HClim.

Conclusions:
Diets beneficial for both health and climate are feasible and associated with lower mortality risk in women. Further studies are needed to understand how men may transition into diets that are more sustainable from a combined health and climate perspective.


Xs: 3.9334655 Ys: -1.0969064 Publish year: 2014 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Male longevity in Sardinia, a review of historical sources supporting a causal link with dietary factors abstract: The identification of a hot spot of exceptional longevity, the Longevity Blue Zone (LBZ), in the mountain population of Sardinia has aroused considerable interest toward its traditional food as one of the potential causal factors. This preliminary study on the traditional Sardinian diet has been supported by the literature available, which has been carefully reviewed and compared. Up to a short time ago, the LBZ population depended mostly upon livestock rearing, and consumption of animal-derived foods was relatively higher than in the rest of the island. The nutrition transition (NT) in urbanized and lowland areas began in the mid-1950s, fueled by economic development, whereas in the LBZ it started later owing to prolonged resistance to change by a society organized around a rather efficient pastoral economy. Even nowadays a large proportion of the population in this area still follows the traditional diet based on cereal-derived foods and dairy products. The LBZ cohorts comprising individuals who were of a mature age when NT began may have benefited both from the high-quality, albeit rather monotonous, traditional diet to which they had been exposed most of their life and from the transitional diet, which introduced positive changes such as more variety, increased consumption of fruits and vegetables and moderate meat intake. It could be speculated that these changes may have brought substantial health benefits to this particular aging group, which was in need of nutrient-rich food at this specific time in life, thereby resulting in a decreased mortality risk and, in turn, life-span extension.


Xs: 4.5769877 Ys: -1.4044971 Publish year: 2018 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Role of Dietary Protein and Muscular Fitness on Longevity and Aging abstract: Muscle atrophy is an unfortunate effect of aging and many diseases and can compromise physical function and impair vital metabolic processes. Low levels of muscular fitness together with insufficient dietary intake are major risk factors for illness and mortality from all causes. Ultimately, muscle wasting contributes significantly to weakness, disability, increased hospitalization, immobility, and loss of independence. However, the extent of muscle wasting differs greatly between individuals due to differences in the aging process per se as well as physical activity levels. Interventions for sarcopenia include exercise and nutrition because both have a positive impact on protein anabolism but also enhance other aspects that contribute to well-being in sarcopenic older adults, such as physical function, quality of life, and anti-inflammatory state. The process of aging is accompanied by chronic immune activation, and sarcopenia may represent a consequence of a counter-regulatory strategy of the immune system. Thereby, the kynurenine pathway is induced, and elevation in the ratio of kynurenine to tryptophan concentrations, which estimates the tryptophan breakdown rate, is often linked with inflammatory conditions and neuropsychiatric symptoms. A combined exercise program consisting of both resistance-type and endurance-type exercise may best help to ameliorate the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, to prevent muscle aging comorbidities, and to improve physical performance and quality of life. In addition, the use of dietary protein supplementation can further augment protein anabolism but can also contribute to a more active lifestyle, thereby supporting well-being and active aging in the older population.


Xs: 5.0777125 Ys: -0.8193528 Publish year: 2021 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Impact of Polyphenolic-Food on Longevity: An Elixir of Life. An Overview abstract: Aging and, particularly, the onset of age-related diseases are associated with tissue dys-function and macromolecular damage, some of which can be attributed to accumulation of oxidative damage. Recently, growing interest has emerged on the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Several studies collectively suggests that the intake of polyphenols and their major food sources may exert beneficial effects on improving insulin resistance and related diabetes risk factors, such as inflammation and oxidative stress. They are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet, and their intake has been associated with a reduced aging in humans. Polyphenolic intake has been shown to be effective at ameliorating several age-related phenotypes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired proteostasis, and cellular senescence, both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, effects of these phytochemicals (either pure forms or polyphenolic-food) are reviewed and summarized according to affected cellular signaling pathways. Finally, the effectiveness of the anti-aging preventive action of nutritional interventions based on diets rich in polyphenolic food, such as the diets of the Blue zones, are discussed.


Xs: 4.7288795 Ys: -1.2884884 Publish year: 2014 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: High corn oil dietary intake improves health and longevity of aging mice abstract: Corn oil has been recommended as a replacement for saturated fats because of its high levels of poly- and mono-unsaturated fatty acids. In the present study, we tested whether very high levels of corn oil (58.6% fat-derived calories, FDC) intake improve health and longevity of aging mice. Twelve month old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet (10% FDC of corn oil, N) or a high fat diet (58.6% FDC of corn oil, HF) for 13-15months. Our results show that a HF diet significantly increased the longevity of the aged mice (at 25months of age, 53.8% of mice died in the N group, whereas the mortality rate was only 23.2% in the HF group). High corn oil also reversed aging-increased blood lipids including triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL. Similarly, high corn oil intake overturned aging-raised pro-inflammatory markers including IL-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in the blood. In addition, corn oil intake reversed aging-damaged rotarod performance and liver function. Interestingly, the HF group was significantly heavier than the N group (53.6g/mouse vs. 41.3g/mouse); however, both HF and N groups had the same calorie intake (12.48kcal/d/mouse vs. 12.24kcal/d/mouse). Although, the HF group's food consumption was lower than that of the N group (2.4g/d/mouse vs. 3.4g/d/mouse). These results suggest that if total calorie consumption stays in the normal range, very high levels of corn oil intake improve health and longevity of aging mice.


Xs: 4.0744357 Ys: -1.1845146 Publish year: 2014 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Mediterranean Way of Drinking and Longevity abstract: ABSTRACT The relation between alcohol consumption and mortality is a J-shaped curve in most of the many studies published on this topic. The Copenhagen Prospective Population Studies demonstrated in the year 2000 that wine intake may have a beneficial effect on all cause mortality that is additive to that of alcohol. Wine contains various poliphenolic substances which may be beneficial for health and in particular flavonols (such as myricetin and quercetin), catechin and epicatechin, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, various phenolic acids and the stilbene resveratrol. In particular, resveratrol seems to play a positive effect on longevity because it increases the expression level of Sirt1, besides its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties. Moderate wine drinking is part of the Mediterranean diet, together with abundant and variable plant foods, high consumption of cereals, olive oil as the main (added) fat and a low intake of (red) meat. This healthy diet pattern involves a "Mediterranean way of drinking", that is a regular, moderate wine consumption mainly with food (up to two glasses a day for men and one glass for women). Moderate wine drinking increases longevity, reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and does not appreciably influence the overall risk of cancer.


Xs: 5.834182 Ys: -1.5541257 Publish year: 2020 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: The relationship between longevity and diet is genotype dependent and sensitive to desiccation in Drosophila melanogaster abstract: Dietary restriction (DR) is a key focus in ageing research. Specific conditions and genotypes were recently found to negate lifespan extension by DR, questioning its universal relevance. However, the concept of dietary reaction norms explains why DR's effects might be obscured in some situations. We tested the importance of dietary reaction norms by measuring longevity and fecundity on five diets in five genotypes, with and without water supplementation in female Drosophila melanogaster (N>25,000). We found substantial genetic variation in the response of lifespan to diet. Flies supplemented with water rescued putative desiccation stress at the richest diets, suggesting water availability can be an experimental confound. Fecundity declined at these richest diets, but was unaffected by water, and this reduction is thus most likely caused by nutritional toxicity. Our results demonstrate empirically that a range of diets need to be considered to conclude an absence of the DR longevity effect.


Xs: 4.2937794 Ys: -1.3110096 Publish year: 2011 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Impact of caloric and dietary restriction regimens on markers of health and longevity in humans and animals: A summary of available findings abstract: Considerable interest has been shown in the ability of caloric restriction (CR) to improve multiple parameters of health and to extend lifespan. CR is the reduction of caloric intake - typically by 20 - 40% of ad libitum consumption - while maintaining adequate nutrient intake. Several alternatives to CR exist. CR combined with exercise (CE) consists of both decreased caloric intake and increased caloric expenditure. Alternate-day fasting (ADF) consists of two interchanging days; one day, subjects may consume food ad libitum (sometimes equaling twice the normal intake); on the other day, food is reduced or withheld altogether. Dietary restriction (DR) - restriction of one or more components of intake (typically macronutrients) with minimal to no reduction in total caloric intake - is another alternative to CR. Many religions incorporate one or more forms of food restriction. The following religious fasting periods are featured in this review: 1) Islamic Ramadan; 2) the three principal fasting periods of Greek Orthodox Christianity (Nativity, Lent, and the Assumption); and 3) the Biblical-based Daniel Fast. This review provides a summary of the current state of knowledge related to CR and DR. A specific section is provided that illustrates related work pertaining to religious forms of food restriction. Where available, studies involving both humans and animals are presented. The review includes suggestions for future research pertaining to the topics of discussion.


Xs: 4.535348 Ys: -1.4799474 Publish year: 2003 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Does dietary sugar and fat influence longevity? abstract: Simultaneous consideration of the influence of the different types of carbohydrates and fats in human diets on mortality rates (especially the diseases of aging), and the probable retardation of such diseases by caloric restriction (CR) leads to the hypothesis that restriction of foods with a high glycemic index and saturated or hydrogenated fats would avoid or delay many diseases of aging and might result in life extension. Many of the health benefits of CR might thereby be available to humans without the side effects or unacceptability of semi-starvation diets.


Xs: 4.6321054 Ys: -1.5984659 Publish year: 2012 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Can we live longer by eating less? A review of caloric restriction and longevity abstract: Caloric restriction, decreasing caloric intake by 20-30%, was first shown to extend life in rats nearly 80 years ago. Since that time, limiting food intake for longevity has been investigated in species from yeast to humans. In yeast and lower animals, caloric restriction has repeatedly been demonstrated to lengthen the life span. Studies of caloric restriction in non-human primates and in humans are ongoing and initial results suggest prolongation of life as well as prevention of age-related disease. There is also data in rodents suggesting that short term caloric restriction has beneficial effects on fertility. Although caloric restriction has many positive effects on health and longevity, quality of life on a restricted diet as well as the ability to maintain that diet long term are concerns that must be considered in humans.


Xs: 4.451869 Ys: -0.98063177 Publish year: 2020 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: The Effects of High-Protein Diets on Kidney Health and Longevity abstract: Although high-protein diets continue to be popular for weight loss and type 2 diabetes, evidence suggests that worsening renal function may occur in individuals with-and perhaps without-impaired kidney function. High dietary protein intake can cause intraglomerular hypertension, which may result in kidney hyperfiltration, glomerular injury, and proteinuria. It is possible that long-term high protein intake may lead to de novo CKD. The quality of dietary protein may also play a role in kidney health. Compared with protein from plant sources, animal protein has been associated with an increased risk of ESKD in several observational studies, including the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Potential mediators of kidney damage from animal protein include dietary acid load, phosphate content, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and resultant inflammation. In light of such findings, adopting current dietary approaches that include a high proportion of protein for weight reduction or glycemic control should be considered with care in those at high risk for kidney disease. Given the possibility of residual confounding within some observational studies and the conflicting evidence from previous trials, long-term studies including those with large sample sizes are warranted to better ascertain the effects of high protein intake on kidney health.


Xs: 4.3387346 Ys: -1.2013483 Publish year: 2006 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Effects of a 14Day Healthy Longevity Lifestyle Program on Cognition and Brain Function abstract: Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a 14-day healthy longevity lifestyle program on cognition and cerebral metabolism in people with mild age-related memory complaints.

Methods:
Seventeen nondemented subjects, aged 35-69 years (mean: 53 years, standard deviation: 10) with mild self-reported memory complaints but normal baseline memory performance scores were randomly assigned to 1) the intervention group (N = 8): a program combining a brain healthy diet plan, relaxation exercises, cardiovascular conditioning, and mental exercise (brain teasers and verbal memory training techniques); or 2) the control group (N = 9): usual lifestyle routine. Pre- and postintervention measures included self-assessments of memory ability, objective tests of cognitive performance, and determinations of regional cerebral metabolism during mental rest with [fluorine-18]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET).

Results:
Subjects in the intervention group objectively demonstrated greater word fluency. Concomitantly, their FDG-PET scans identified a 5% decrease in activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The control group showed no significant change in any of the measures.

Conclusions:
A short-term healthy lifestyle program combining mental and physical exercise, stress reduction, and healthy diet was associated with significant effects on cognitive function and brain metabolism. Reduced resting activity in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may reflect greater cognitive efficiency of a brain region involved in working memory.


Xs: 3.8878696 Ys: -0.95503205 Publish year: 2020 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: The Street Food Culture in Europe abstract: At present, the food market shows apparently the prevailing position of fast-food operators in many Western Countries. However, the concomitant presence of the traditional lifestyle model known as the ‘Mediterranean Diet’ in Europe should not be excluded. The fragmentation of the current market of foods and beverages––sometimes discussed in terms of ‘Food Wars’––involves many possible products and lifestyles, including vegan foods, religion-based diets, ‘healthy’ or fast-weight loss diets, organic foods, Mediterranean Diet… and also the so-called ‘Street Foods’. These products are diffused as a cultural heritage in all known urbanised areas of the world, suggesting relationships with social aggregation, economic convenience, typical folk elements, etc. The study of street foods can help when speaking of the examination of several historical products of Sicily, Italy, and particularly of the largest Sicilian city, Palermo.


Xs: 4.0635366 Ys: -1.1183091 Publish year: 2021 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Longevity Foods in Myth, Legend and History abstract: Human beings have always had a tremendous interest in longevity foods, the foods that may be most beneficial for healthy longevity. This interest is natural and may be deeply rooted in human thought and experience. The present historical-cultural analysis will survey some of the historical traditions, myths, legends, cognitive, social, cultural and ethical norms related to the varied concepts of longevity foods, across the world, from antiquity to the early modern period. This work will provide a multi-disciplinary framework for the discussion of longevity nutrition, by presenting the search for longevity foods as intertwined in a rich historical, socio-cultural, ideological and cognitive milieu conducive to the pursuit of healthy longevity.


Xs: 5.369823 Ys: -1.6567874 Publish year: 2016 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Dietary and microbiome factors determine longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans abstract: Diet composition affects organismal health. Nutrient uptake depends on the microbiome. Caenorhabditis elegans fed a Bacillus subtilis diet live longer than those fed the standard Escherichia coli diet. Here we report that this longevity difference is primarily caused by dietary coQ, an antioxidant synthesized by E. coli but not by B. subtilis. CoQ-supplemented E. coli fed worms have a lower oxidation state yet live shorter than coQ-less B. subtilis fed worms. We showed that mutations affecting longevity for E. coli fed worms do not always lead to similar effects when worms are fed B. subtilis. We propose that coQ supplementation by the E. coli diet alters the worm cellular REDOX homeostasis, thus decreasing longevity. Our results highlight the importance of microbiome factors in longevity, argue that antioxidant supplementation can be detrimental, and suggest that the C. elegans standard E. coli diet can alter the effect of signaling pathways on longevity.


Xs: 4.806462 Ys: -1.4593139 Publish year: 2005 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: A Complex Dietary Supplement Extends Longevity of Mice abstract: Key factors implicated in aging include reactive oxygen species, inflammatory processes, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial dysfunction. All are exaggerated in transgenic growth hormone mice (TGM), which display a syndrome resembling accelerated aging. We formulated a complex dietary supplement containing 31 ingredients known to ameliorate all of the above features. We previously showed that this supplement completely abolished the severe age-related cognitive decline expressed by untreated TGM. Here we report that longevity of both TGM and normal mice is extended by this supplement. Treated TGM showed a 28% increase (p < .00008) in mean longevity. An 11% increase in mean longevity was also significant (p < .002093) for treated normal mice, compared to untreated normal mice. These data support the hypothesis that TGM are a model of accelerated aging, and demonstrate that complex dietary supplements may be effective in ameliorating aging or age-related pathologies where simpler formulations have generally failed.


Xs: 4.742268 Ys: -1.6781311 Publish year: 2019 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Protein Quantity and Source, Fasting-Mimicking Diets, and Longevity abstract: Dietary modifications, including caloric restriction, dietary restriction, various intervals of fasting, and even limiting the time when food is consumed can have a pronounced impact on longevity. In addition, dietary modifications are powerful interventions to delay, prevent, or treat many aging-related diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Restricting amino acid and protein intake generally decreases aging-related comorbidities and thereby increases health and longevity. However, chronic dietary interventions are likely not feasible for most people due to low adherence to dietary protocols or resistance to drastic changes to lifestyle, and might even cause detrimental effects, possibly by negatively affecting the immune system and wound healing. The periodic use of low-protein, low-calorie fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) has the potential to promote health benefits, while minimizing the burden of chronic restriction. Protein restriction and FMDs together have the potential to play an important complementary role in medicine by promoting disease prevention and treatment, and by delaying the aging process at least in part by stimulating stem cell-based regeneration in periods of normal food intake after periodic FMD cycles. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize research on the impact of protein restriction on health and longevity in model organisms and to discuss the implementation of an FMD in mice and in human clinical trials and its effects on biomarkers of healthy aging. Taking into account the importance of sex on aging and diet, we include this information in all discussed studies. Whereas for some model organisms of aging, such as rodents, many studies are available, results are more limited for primates and/or humans.


Xs: 4.7056093 Ys: -0.9586683 Publish year: 2024 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Exploring the effects of the dietary fiber compound mediated by a longevity dietary pattern on antioxidation, characteristic bacterial genera, and metabolites based on fecal metabolomics abstract: Background
Age-related dysbiosis of the microbiota has been linked to various negative health outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effects of a newly discovered dietary fiber compound (DFC) on aging, intestinal microbiota, and related metabolic processes. The DFC was identified through in vitro fermentation screening experiments, and its dosage and composition were determined based on a longevity dietary pattern.

Methods
Aged SPF C57BL/6 J mice (65 weeks old) and young mice (8 weeks old) were divided into three groups: a subgroup without dietary fiber (NDF), a low DFC dose subgroup (LDF, 10% DFC), and a high DFC dose subgroup (HDF, 20% DFC). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in liver and serum samples of the mice were measured according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The expression levels of characteristic bacterial genera and fecal metabolite concentrations in mice were determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (¹H NMR). Metabolomics analysis was further conducted to identify biological functions and potential pathways related to aging.

Results
After an 8-weeks dietary intervention, DFC supplementation significantly attenuated age-related weight loss, organ degeneration, and oxidative stress. And promoted the growth of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacteroides (p < 0.05) in the intestinal tracts of aged mice. Metabolomic analysis identified glycolipid and amino acid metabolic pathway biomarkers associated with aging that were differentially regulated by DFC consumption. Correlation analysis between the identified microbial flora and the biomarkers revealed potential mechanistic links between altered microbial composition and metabolic activity with aging markers.

Conclusions
In conclusion, this study revealed an important mechanism by which DFC consumption impacts healthspan and longevity, shedding light on optimizing dietary fiber or developing fiber-based interventions to improve human health.


Xs: 4.5473304 Ys: -1.5634187 Publish year: 2009 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Caloric Restriction and Longevity The Science and the Ascetic Experience abstract: Aging involves a gradual increase in disorder of the systems that sustain living. Although stress is a major driver of this process, one stressor, caloric restriction (CR), is the only intervention proven to extend life span in multiple species as well as extend the persistence of those characteristics that are associated with youth. CR has been used since ancient times to enhance many of those characteristics: principally, increased activity levels and heightened levels of mental acuity. Religious ascetics, often living in monastic communities, have provided long-term opportunities to observe the effects of CR, or fasting, in humans. Tibetan medicine has made use of observations, which include that of enhanced immune function, in its dietary prescriptions. In the hopes of reaping these benefits for the general population, scientists focusing their research on the aging process have sought mimetics that will deliver the benefits of CR without requiring the discipline of fasting. The search begins with discovering the processes that make CR work.


Xs: 5.9853745 Ys: -1.3051909 Publish year: 2010 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Increase in Drosophila melanogaster longevity due to rasayana diet: Preliminary results abstract: We report preliminary results from an ongoing series of experiments on lifespan extension by appropriately modified Ayurvedic rasayanas in animal models. Here data are presented indicating lifespan extensions of 51-55% (up to 70-95% in the pilot experiment) in a standard strain of Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon-K) using a standard rasayana (Ayurvedic herbal formulation for life-extension) suitably adapted for insects. In a first experiment, two groups of 20 unmated D. melanogaster strain Oregon-K kept at 22°C received either rasayana or standard yeast diet; days of death were recorded. Another experiment investigated possible sex differences; equal sized (N = 30) groups of similar males, females, and controls were compared. Life lengths of all controls were in the strain's usual range: in Experiment 1, control life lengths were minimum 40 to maximum 53 days; experimental group figures were 81-91 days; groups were completely separated, experimental group minimum life length being 28 days more than control group maximum life length, i.e., about 2.5 full distribution widths - a sign test for the null hypothesis yields p < 2(-20), i.e., 10(-6) as maximum p. Experiment 2 found no differences between life lengths of males and females; but the maximum life length of 30 controls (60 days in males and 66 days in females) was once again far shorter than the minimum life length of the 60 in the two experimental groups, strengthening the findings of Experiment 1. Despite group sizes being relatively small, results are conclusive: the rasayanas in question increase D. melanogaster strain Oregon-K life length. The complexity of the formulation suggests that multiple mechanisms are involved - worth further investigation.


Xs: 4.2070394 Ys: -0.84482116 Publish year: 2008 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Vegetarian Diets, Chronic Diseases and Longevity abstract: Vegetarians form a non-homogenous group consisting of semivegetarians (plant food, dairy products, eggs and fish), lacto-ovo vegetarians (plant food, dairy products, eggs) and vegans (plant food only). According to pure vegetarian ideologists, people consuming vegetarian diet have better health and live longer than nonvegetarians, because persons consuming milk, dairy products, meat, eggs and fish are at health risk. In fact the most healthy people in Europe are inhabitants of Iceland, Switzerland and Scandinavia, consuming great amounts of food of animal origin. Meta-analysis of several prospective studies showed no significant differences in the mortality caused by colorectal, stomach, lung, prostate or breast cancers and stroke between vegetarians and "health-conscious" nonvegetarians. In vegetarians, a decrease of ischemic heart disease mortality was observed probably due to lower total serum cholesterol levels, lower prevalence of obesity and higher consumption of antioxidants. Very probably, an ample consumption of fruits and vegetables and not the exclusion of meat make vegetarians healthful. Now, the largest cohort study of diet and health on more than half million of persons, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, will bring new data on the relationships between diet, lifestyle and environmental factors and the incidence of cancer, cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. Vegetarianism is a form of food restriction; and in our overfed society, food restriction is a plus unless it results in a nutritional deficiency (Fig. 1, Tab. 2, Ref. 18).


Xs: 4.38724 Ys: -1.0904521 Publish year: 2018 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Exceptional Human Longevity abstract: Exceptional longevity represents an extreme phenotype. Current centenarians are survivors of a cohort who display delayed onset of age-related diseases and/or resistance to otherwise lethal illnesses occurring earlier in life. Characteristics of aging are heterogeneous, even among long-lived individuals. Associations between specific clinical or genetic biomarkers exist, but there is unlikely to be a single biomarker predictive of long life. Careful observations in the oldest old offer some empirical strategies that favor increased health span and life span, with implications for compression of disability, identification and implementation of lifestyle behaviors that promote independence, identification and measurement of more reliable markers associated with longevity, better guidance for appropriate health screenings, and promotion of anticipatory health discussions in the setting of more accurate prognostication. Comprehensive PubMed literature searches were performed, with an unbiased focus on mechanisms of longevity. Overall, the aggregate literature supports that the basis for exceptional longevity is multifactorial and involves disparate combinations of genes, environment, resiliency, and chance, all of which are influenced by culture and geography.


Xs: 4.9732666 Ys: -1.0819366 Publish year: 2018 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Prolonging healthy aging: Longevity vitamins and proteins abstract: It is proposed that proteins/enzymes be classified into two classes according to their essentiality for immediate survival/reproduction and their function in long-term health: that is, survival proteins versus longevity proteins. As proposed by the triage theory, a modest deficiency of one of the nutrients/cofactors triggers a built-in rationing mechanism that favors the proteins needed for immediate survival and reproduction (survival proteins) while sacrificing those needed to protect against future damage (longevity proteins). Impairment of the function of longevity proteins results in an insidious acceleration of the risk of diseases associated with aging. I also propose that nutrients required for the function of longevity proteins constitute a class of vitamins that are here named “longevity vitamins.” I suggest that many such nutrients play a dual role for both survival and longevity. The evidence for classifying taurine as a conditional vitamin, and the following 10 compounds as putative longevity vitamins, is reviewed: the fungal antioxidant ergothioneine; the bacterial metabolites pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and queuine; and the plant antioxidant carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, α- and β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and the marine carotenoid astaxanthin. Because nutrient deficiencies are highly prevalent in the United States (and elsewhere), appropriate supplementation and/or an improved diet could reduce much of the consequent risk of chronic disease and premature aging.


Xs: 4.7316575 Ys: -1.7471392 Publish year: 2004 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: It's Never Too Late: Calorie Restriction is Effective in Older Mammals abstract: Calorie restriction (CR – the selective reduction of energy intake without compromising other essential nutrients), is the most powerful intervention known to retard biological aging in mammals. Yet although CR research dates back nearly 70 years, it was regarded largely as a laboratory curiosity for most of that time, because of the belief that CR worked through retarding growth early in the life history, and therefore had no relevance for intervention in aging in adults. A landmark report by Weindruch and Walford overturned this belief unambiguously demonstrating that with a suitably-modified protocol, CR would retard aging and extend lifespan in young-adult mice. This report launched the modern era of CR research. There have remained, however, reasons to doubt that CR would work in substantially older organisms. A new report from Steven Spindler’s group answers the question, showing that it is possible to achieve decisive extensions of mean and maximal lifespan and significant early reductions in cancer-associated mortality, even in animals in early seniority. This article places this new report in the context of previous research and discusses its implications for biomedical intervention in the degenerative aging process.


Xs: 5.206521 Ys: -1.7729363 Publish year: 2007 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Bishop, N. A. & Guarente, L. Genetic links between diet and lifespan: shared mechanisms from yeast to humans. Nature Rev. Genet. 8, 835-844 abstract: Caloric restriction is the only known non-genetic intervention that robustly extends lifespan in mammals. This regimen also attenuates the incidence and progression of many age-dependent pathologies. Understanding the genetic mechanisms that underlie dietary-restriction-induced longevity would therefore have profound implications for future medical treatments aimed at tackling conditions that are associated with the ageing process. Until recently, however, almost nothing was known about these mechanisms in metazoans. Recent advances in our understanding of the genetic bases of energy sensing and lifespan control in yeast, invertebrates and mammals have begun to solve this puzzle. Evidence is mounting that the brain has a crucial role in sensing dietary restriction and promoting longevity in metazoans.


Xs: 5.0841665 Ys: -1.0500234 Publish year: 2022 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Dietary Phytochemicals that Can Extend Longevity by Regulation of Metabolism abstract: Diet provides energy and nutrition for human survival, and also provides various joy of taste. Extensive studies have shown that the major components of diet, such as protein, carbohydrate and fat, play important roles in regulating aging and longevity. Whether other dietary ingredients can help prevent aging and extend longevity is a very interesting question. Here based on recent findings, we discussed dietary plant ingredients that can extend longevity by regulation of metabolism, targeting TRP channels, mitophagy, senescence pathways and circadian rhythms. Better understanding of the detailed effects and mechanisms of dietary ingredients on longevity regulation, would be helpful for developing new intervention tools for preventing aging and aging related diseases.


Xs: 5.5768723 Ys: -1.6430042 Publish year: 2011 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Increased transulfuration mediates longevity and dietary restriction in Drosophila abstract: The mechanisms through which dietary restriction enhances health and longevity in diverse species are unclear. The transsulfuration pathway (TSP) is a highly conserved mechanism for metabolizing the sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine and cysteine. Here we show that Drosophila cystathionine β-synthase (dCBS), which catalyzes the rate-determining step in the TSP, is a positive regulator of lifespan in Drosophila and that the pathway is required for the effects of diet restriction on animal physiology and lifespan. dCBS activity was up-regulated in flies exposed to reduced nutrient conditions, and ubiquitous or neuron-specific transgenic overexpression of dCBS enhanced longevity in fully fed animals. Inhibition of the TSP abrogated the changes in lifespan, adiposity, and protein content that normally accompany diet restriction. RNAi-mediated knockdown of dCBS also limited lifespan extension by diet. Diet restriction reduced levels of protein translation in Drosophila, and we show that this is largely caused by increased metabolic commitment of methionine cycle intermediates to transsulfuration. However, dietary supplementation of methionine restored normal levels of protein synthesis to restricted animals without affecting lifespan, indicating that global reductions in translation alone are not required for diet-restriction longevity. Our results indicate a mechanism by which dietary restriction influences physiology and aging.


Xs: 4.1343603 Ys: -0.8285062 Publish year: 2011 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Comments on Dietary Restriction, Okinawa Diet and Longevity abstract: Longevity in Okinawa is considered to be a result of traditional low calorie diet. Le Bourg suggests that Okinawa is an example of severe malnutrition, which is harmful for later generations. We believe that current loss of longevity advantage in Okinawa is a result of diet westernization and that the dietary restriction is a valid way of life extension in humans.


Xs: 4.6902905 Ys: -1.633966 Publish year: 2006 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: The potential for dietary restriction to increase longevity in humans: Extrapolation from monkey studies abstract: Based on results emerging from long-term studies of dietary restriction in rhesus monkeys, we offer our views regarding whether dietary restriction can increase longevity in humans. Because lifespan data in monkeys remain inconclusive currently, we respond that "we do not for sure". Based on the vast literature regarding the effects of healthy, low calorie diets on health and longevity in a wide range of species, including humans, and based on data emerging from monkey studies suggesting that dietary restriction improves markers of disease risk and health, we respond that "we think so." Because it is unlikely that an experimental study will ever be designed to address this question in humans, we respond that "we think we will never know for sure." We suggest that debate of this question is clearly an academic exercise; thus, we would suggest that the more compelling discussion should focus on whether basic mechanisms of DR can be discovered and if such discoveries can lead to the development of effective DR mimetics. Even if proof that DR or DR mimetics can increase longevity in humans will likely never emerge, we would suggest that endpoints regarding disease risk and disease incidence as well as maintenance of function can be examined in human clinical trials, and that these will be highly relevant for evaluating the effectiveness of such treatments.


Xs: 6.042029 Ys: -1.225579 Publish year: 2009 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Experimental studies of blowfly (Calliphora stygia) longevity: A little dietary fat is beneficial but too much is detrimental abstract: This paper is one in a series of experimental studies on the effects of food composition on aging and longevity, using the golden-haired blowfly Calliphora stygia as the animal model. Here we examine how diet fat content affects blowfly life history traits such as longevity, reproduction, feeding rate, body mass, total fat content and membrane fatty acid composition. The highest median and maximum longevity was observed in blowflies fed on low fat diets, while high-fat diets caused more rapid death of the blowflies. A major result was that blowflies feeding on the lowest fat diet had the highest maximal lifespan demonstrating that low levels of diet fat enhanced blowfly lifespan. Diet also influenced gender-specific mortality rates; females lived longer on a high-fat diet, while males lived longer on a low fat diet. Furthermore, we provide data for and explain how blowfly feeding rates, egg production and male harassment affected blowfly longevity. Our results highlight the need for further studies to understand how dietary fats are metabolised and utilised in the golden-haired blowfly.


Xs: 4.1950383 Ys: -0.879978 Publish year: 2021 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: LIVE LONGER, BUT HOW? NUTRITION AND AGING abstract: The elderly population increases and more prolonged life expectancy and increased worldwide, and with this increase, healthy aging gained importance. The increased expectancy of a longer and healthier life has created curiosity about how nutrition can be. Nutrition is one of the critical factors for healthy aging. Some diet models and diet applications (for example, calorie restriction) extend the quality and span of life. Life expectancy is longer in some places globally (Blue Zones, Hunza, Abkhazia, Vilcabamba), which is mainly linked to nutrition. Peoples who live longer eat natural foods, primarily vegetables and fruits, fish, yogurt, and drink pure water. In addition to nutritional behavior, lifestyle is essential. In the world's healthy elderly's have social, mental, and physically active life.


Xs: 3.9885614 Ys: -0.9283216 Publish year: 2019 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: A Low-Glycemic, Mediterranean Diet and Lifestyle Modification Program with Targeted Nutraceuticals Reduces Body Weight, Improves Cardiometabolic Variables and Longevity Biomarkers in Overweight Subjects: A 13-Week Observational Trial abstract: Among the comorbidities of high body mass index, cardiovascular disease continued to be the leading cause of death and disability globally in 2015, while type 2 diabetes remained second. The primary objectives of this observational study were to confirm the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of our calorie-restricted Mediterranean diet with targeted dietary supplementation (PROG1) using globally recognized dietary supplementation. Fifty healthy overweight and obese subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors were assigned a modified Mediterranean diet, including protein shakes and targeted supplementation (PROG2), providing ∼68-76% of subject estimated calorie requirements. Salivary nitrite was assessed weekly and key cardiometabolic metrics were recorded at baseline and weeks 9 and 13. PROG2 was well tolerated with 86% compliance. The most common adverse effects were bloating, flatulence, and constipation, which were self-limiting. Subjects exhibited decreases (P < .01) from baseline of 12% in body weight, 18% in body fat, and 8.8% in waist circumference. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides (TG) were reduced (P < .01), respectively, 19%, 22%, and 40%. Lipid ratios of TC/high-density lipoprotein (HDL), TG/HDL, and oxidized LDL (oxLDL)/HDL were decreased 15% (P < .01), 35% (P < .01), and 13% (P < .05), respectively. Inflammation biomarkers, oxLDL and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, were reduced 17% (P < .01) and 30% (P < .05), respectively. Reductions of 9.0% for systolic (P < .01) and 12% (P < .01) for diastolic blood pressure were noted. In concert, the nitrogen dioxide salivary biomarker for nitric oxide was increased relative to baseline. PROG2 produced a dramatic 50% reduction in subjects meeting cardiometabolic syndrome criteria and a 38% decrease in Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risk. These results confirmed our previous findings that the addition of targeted nutraceutical supplementation to a calorie-restricted Mediterranean diet with lifestyle modifications improves multiple longevity risk factors more effectively than diet and lifestyle modification alone.


Xs: 5.200477 Ys: -1.794023 Publish year: 2008 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Dietary restriction suppresses proteotoxicity and enhances longevity by an hsf-1-dependent mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans abstract: Dietary restriction increases lifespan and slows the onset of age-associated disease in organisms from yeast to mammals. In humans, several age-related diseases are associated with aberrant protein folding or aggregation, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. We report here that dietary restriction dramatically suppresses age-associated paralysis in three nematode models of proteotoxicity. Similar to its longevity-enhancing properties, dietary restriction protects against proteotoxicity by a mechanism distinct from reduced insulin/IGF-1-like signaling. Instead, the heat shock transcription factor, hsf-1, is required for enhanced thermotolerance, suppression of proteotoxicity, and lifespan extension by dietary restriction. These findings demonstrate that dietary restriction confers a general protective effect against proteotoxicity and promotes longevity by a mechanism involving hsf-1.


Xs: 6.0789557 Ys: -1.1032201 Publish year: 2014 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Protein content in larval diet affects adult longevity and antioxidant gene expression in honey bee workers abstract: In honey bees, adult longevity is strongly dependent on the quantity of dietary protein ingested after emergence, but relatively little is known about the role played by the protein content of larval diet. In total, 15 colonies of Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola (Hymenoptera: Apidae) bees with sister queens were randomly allocated to one of three groups (five colonies per group), provided with pollen substitutes (PS) with protein concentrations of 15, 25, or 35%, designated as PS15, PS25, and PS35, respectively. In a field experiment, we measured the PS consumption and collected samples for analyzing body protein content and gene expression. On day 29, groups of 50 newly emerged workers from each colony were obtained and confined in cages for measuring survival and longevity. Results showed that bees consumed significantly more PS15 and PS25 than PS35. However, the total protein intake of PS15 was less than that of the others. Increasing the protein available to larvae (PS35) significantly increased total accumulated protein before emergence, adult survival, and longevity. Furthermore, bees fed PS25 or PS35 tended to have higher mRNA levels for genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, providing a potential physiological mechanism for observed survival differences among the three dietary treatments. We conclude that protein content in larval diet could positively influence worker longevity likely because of the increased related antioxidant gene expression.


Xs: 4.705027 Ys: -1.4273617 Publish year: 2023 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Influence of a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet on age-related changes in the myocardium in rats abstract: The increase in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders associated with longevity actualizes the study of the effect of high-calorie diets on heart aging.
Aim : the experimental study of the effect of a high-carbohydrate hig -fat diet on the myocardium in young and old age.
Material and Methods . A morphological study of the myocardium was carried out in four groups of male Wistar rats: group 1 - 150-day-old animals were kept on a standard diet; 2nd - 150 days, kept at a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet (HCHFD) for 90 days (from 60 days of age); 3rd - 540 days old, kept on a standard diet; 4th - 540 days old, kept at HCHFD for 90 days (from
450 days of age). ELISA method in blood serum was used to determine the concentration of fibronectin, transforming growth factor beta-1, connective tissue growth factor.
Results . In groups 2-4, leukostasis, focal lympho-monocytic infiltration of the myocardial stroma, an increase in the number of myocardial cells with karyopyknosis and edema of the perinuclear zone of the sarcoplasm, contracture disorders, and an increase in the specific volume of the connective tissue of the stroma were detected. The defeat of myocardial cells and fibrosis were most pronounced in group 4. HCHFD increased the concentration of fibronectin in animals in both age groups with predominance in group 4, caused a tendency to increase the content of transforming growth factor beta-1, connective tissue growth factor in blood serum. Thus, HCHFD accelerates and enhances age-related changes in the white rat myocardium.


Xs: 4.5015364 Ys: -1.5299481 Publish year: 2007 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Potential Long-Term Consequences of Fad Diets on Health, Cancer, and Longevity: Lessons Learned from Model Organism Studies abstract: While much of the third world starves, many in the first world are undergoing an obesity epidemic, and the related epidemics of type II diabetes, heart disease, and other diseases associated with obesity. The amount of economic wealth being directly related to a decline in health by obesity is ironic because rich countries contribute billions of dollars to improve the health of their citizens. Nevertheless, nutritional experiments in model organisms such as yeast, C. elegans, Drosophila, and mice confirm that "caloric restriction" (CR), which is defined generally as a 30-40% decrease in caloric intake, a famine-like condition for humans seen only in the poorest of countries, promotes good health and increases longevity in model organisms. Because caloric restriction, and dieting in general, requires a great deal of will power to deal with the feelings of deprivation, many fad diets, such as the Atkins, South Beach, and Protein Power, have been developed which allow people to lose weight purportedly without the severe feelings of deprivation. However, the long-term effects of such fad diets are not known and few experiments have been performed in the laboratory to investigate possible side affects and adverse consequences. In this paper, we review studies with fad-like dietary conditions in humans and model organisms, and we propose a "Dietary Ames Test" to rapidly screen fad diets, dietary supplements, and drugs for potential long-term health consequences in model organisms.


Xs: 4.9440565 Ys: -1.6967242 Publish year: 2015 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Macronutrients and caloric intake in health and longevity abstract: Both lifespan and healthspan are influenced by nutrition, with nutritional interventions proving to be robust across a wide range of species. However, the relationship between nutrition, health and aging is still not fully understood. Caloric restriction is the most studied dietary intervention known to extend life in many organisms, but recently the balance of macronutrients has been shown to play a critical role. In this review, we discuss the current understanding regarding the impact of calories and macronutrient balance in mammalian health and longevity and highlight the key nutrient-sensing pathways that mediate the effects of nutrition on health and ageing.


Xs: 4.8411 Ys: -1.417476 Publish year: 2010 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Obesity, longevity, quality of life abstract: Previous investigations demonstrated that optimization of murine immunological reactivity in tissue culture required a sulfhydryl compound; the most effective being 2-mercaptoethanol (2-Me). Since these reports, 2-Me was found beneficial for both growth/function of other cell-types in vitro, including those of other species, and when fed orally, it impeded and/or reversed some in situ physiological changes associated with aging. More recently, thiol-containing compounds possessing oxidation-reduction potentials weaker than 2-Me were found to impart beneficial effects for many other, including human, diseases. Based on these effects, the research herein addressed the question: What consequences might dietary 2-Me impart on health and disease of mice other than those associated with aging? The main parameters monitored over the lifetime of individual animals exposed to dietary 10⁻³ M 2-Me in their drinking water were: quality of life (obesity and development of recumbent, emaciated and/or cachectic health); longevity; and appearance of tumors. Instead of anticipated toxic attributes, the following unique benefits were found; mean survival of a moderately-lived strain (A/J) was increased 40.8%, high-fat-diet obesity was curtailed in C57BL/10 mice, and a goal of aging intervention protocols, namely preventing loss of quality of life during aging (recumbent, emaciated and/or cachectic) was achieved. Various mechanisms are discussed as they pertain to these findings.


Xs: 3.9775472 Ys: -0.55511963 Publish year: 2001 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Implications from and for food cultures for cardiovascular diseases: Japanese food, particularly Okinawan diets abstract: Okinawans, who have a different ethnicity and food cultural history to other Japanese nationals, and an exceptional longevity have been studied at home and as migrant groups in Hawaii and Brazil. Biomarkers for fish and soy intake and intervention studies indicate that these foods, along with seaweed and green vegetables are candidates for chronic non-communicable disease prevention.


Xs: 4.881118 Ys: -1.1047204 Publish year: 1997 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Antioxidant supplementation & age-associated lesion incidence abstract: We studied the potential for augmented antioxidant consumption started during middle-age to alter lesion incidence. One hundred sixty-eight male C57BL/6 mice aged 18 months were fed modified AIN76 (C), or C supplemented with one of the following: 470 ppm vitamin E, 0.5% glutathione, 470 ppm vitamin E + 0.5% glutathione. 11 ppm melatonin, or 1 % strawberry extract. Mice had ad libitum access to food and water. Those surviving to 24 months of age were sacrificed, and samples of heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and testes were evaluated for lesions using standard histologic methods. At 24 months of age, there were no differences between diet groups in body weight, 45.92±8.0 g, or in the average number of lesions observed per mouse. Antioxidant supplementation started during middle-age appears to he an ineffective means to alter age-associated lesion patterns in older mice. The mice in this study were significantly heavier than a reference population (RP) of male C57BL/6 mice fed a grain-based diet (34.48±4.4 g, p=0.0006). Fatty liver was observed in 73% of the mice in this study, significantly more than in the RP (p=0.04). Additionally, the severity of fatty liver was much more profound in this study. Focal kidney atrophy was observed significantly more frequently in this study than in the RP (p=0.0009). Further, the kidneys from 87% of the mice in this study were observed to contain proteinaceous casts which were seen in no RP mice. These observations suggest this semi-synthetic diet formulation is inappropriate for long-term study of older mice.


Xs: 4.879309 Ys: -1.3078583 Publish year: 2008 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Intercalated disk remodeling in ?-sarcoglycan-deficient hamsters fed with an ?-linolenic acid-enriched diet abstract: Cardiomyocyte intercalated disks of delta-sarcoglycan-deficient cardiomyopathic hamsters (CMPHs) exhibit a pathological accumulation of the N-cadherin/catenin complex. CMPHs fed with an alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)-enriched diet (CMPH/FS) display an extended longevity compared to those fed with a standard diet (CMPH/PT) owing to, among others, the amelioration of both cardiac tissue structure and myocardial function. The present investigation was aimed at evaluating whether and to what extent the ALA-enriched diet affects the remodeling of CMPH cardiomyocyte intercalated disks and the expression of molecules, including N-cadherin, catenins and connexin 43 (CX43), involved in their organization. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the expression of N-cadherin, alpha- and beta-catenin is significantly reduced in cardiomyocyte intercalated disks of CMPH/FS vs. CMPH/PT and is lowered to levels similar to those found in healthy hamsters (GSH/PT), as well as transmission electron microscopy indicated that the cardiomyocyte intercalated disk ultrastructure is also re-established in CMPH/FS. In addition, the delocalization of CX43 as well as the presence of gap junctions were detectable at the lateral plasmamembrane of CMPH/FS cardiomyocytes, while the expression of myocardial CX43 was markedly reduced in both CMPH/PT and CMPH/FS, as compared to GSH/PT. Collectively, the present results demonstrate a substantial effect of an ALA-enriched diet on cardiomyocyte intercalated disk structure and molecular composition and further supports the beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of potentially dangerous arrhythmias in cardiac diseases.


Xs: 5.757479 Ys: -1.4837985 Publish year: 2001 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: I'm not dead yet! abstract: Mutating a single gene, Indy, which stands for ‘I'm not dead yet’, can double the lifespan of fruitflies from 37 days to between 69 and 71 days. Reported in the 14 December issue of Science, the authors B. Rogina et al. speculate that the way the Indy gene mutation works to extend life might be via changes in the normal metabolism of food. ‘What is interesting about this line of research is the recurrence of the link between metabolism, caloric restriction and longevity’ said Dr. David Finkelstein, research director for metabolic regulation research at the National Institute on Aging.


Xs: 5.6354 Ys: -1.6575903 Publish year: 2014 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: G×G×E for Lifespan in Drosophila: Mitochondrial, Nuclear, and Dietary Interactions that Modify Longevity abstract: Dietary restriction (DR) is the most consistent means of extending longevity in a wide range of organisms. A growing body of literature indicates that mitochondria play an important role in longevity extension by DR, but the impact of mitochondrial genotypes on the DR process have received little attention. Mitochondrial function requires proper integration of gene products from their own genomes (mtDNA) and the nuclear genome as well as the metabolic state of the cell, which is heavily influenced by diet. These three-way mitochondrial-nuclear-dietary interactions influence cellular and organismal functions that affect fitness, aging, and disease in nature. To examine these interactions in the context of longevity, we generated 18 "mito-nuclear" genotypes by placing mtDNA from strains of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans onto controlled nuclear backgrounds of D. melanogaster (Oregon-R, w1118, SIR2 overexpression and control) and quantified the lifespan of each mitonuclear genotype on five different sugar:yeast diets spanning a range of caloric and dietary restriction (CR and DR). Using mixed effect models to quantify main and interaction effects, we uncovered strong mitochondrial-diet, mitochondrial-nuclear, and nuclear-diet interaction effects, in addition to three-way interactions. Survival analyses demonstrate that interaction effects can be more important than individual genetic or dietary effects on longevity. Overexpression of SIR2 reduces lifespan variation among different mitochondrial genotypes and further dampens the response of lifespan to CR but not to DR, suggesting that response to these two diets involve different underlying mechanisms. Overall the results reveal that mitochondrial-nuclear genetic interactions play important roles in modulating Drosophila lifespan and these epistatic interactions are further modified by diet. More generally, these findings illustrate that gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment interactions are not simply modifiers of key factors affecting longevity, but these interactions themselves are the very factors that underlie important variation in this trait.


Xs: 4.08832 Ys: -1.0207351 Publish year: 2007 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Olive oil and longevity abstract: Several lines of evidence point to olive oil and the olive oil-centered Mediterranean diet as conducive to longevity. The evidence stems from ecological, as well as analytic epidemiological studies assessing olive oil, monounsaturated lipids or the Mediterranean dietary pattern in relation to the incidence of, or mortality from, major common diseases, or overall mortality. Mechanistic considerations are addressed by biochemical studies, whereas randomized clinical trials provide further support to the evidence generated from observational investigations. The content of olive oil in several microcomponents with antioxidant potential, as well as its high content in monounsaturated lipids appear to be essential for the beneficial effect of this food.


Xs: 5.196123 Ys: -1.7837961 Publish year: 2007 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: An AMPK-FOXO Pathway Mediates Longevity Induced by a Novel Method of Dietary Restriction in C. elegans abstract: Dietary restriction (DR) is the most effective environmental intervention to extend lifespan in a wide range of species. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of DR on longevity are still poorly characterized. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated by a decrease in energy levels, raising the possibility that AMPK might mediate lifespan extension by DR.
By using a novel DR assay that we developed and validated in C. elegans, we find that AMPK is required for this DR method to extend lifespan and delay age-dependent decline. We find that AMPK exerts its effects in part via the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16. FOXO/DAF-16 is necessary for the beneficial effects of this DR method on lifespan. Expression of an active version of AMPK in worms increases stress resistance and extends longevity in a FOXO/DAF-16-dependent manner. Lastly, we find that AMPK activates FOXO/DAF-16-dependent transcription and phosphorylates FOXO/DAF-16 at previously unidentified sites, suggesting a possible direct mechanism of regulation of FOXO/DAF-16 by AMPK.
Our study shows that an energy-sensing AMPK-FOXO pathway mediates the lifespan extension induced by a novel method of dietary restriction in C. elegans.


Xs: 5.9383307 Ys: -1.3379649 Publish year: 2023 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: The remoulding of dietary effects on the fecundity / longevity trade-off in a social insect abstract: Background
In many organisms increased reproductive effort is associated with a shortened life span. This trade-off is reflected in conserved molecular pathways that link nutrient-sensing with fecundity and longevity. Social insect queens apparently defy the fecundity / longevity trade-off as they are both, extremely long-lived and highly fecund. Here, we have examined the effects of a protein-enriched diet on these life-history traits and on tissue-specific gene expression in a termite species of low social complexity.

Results
On a colony level, we did not observe reduced lifespan and increased fecundity, effects typically seen in solitary model organisms, after protein enrichment. Instead, on the individual level mortality was reduced in queens that consumed more of the protein-enriched diet – and partially also in workers – while fecundity seemed unaffected. Our transcriptome analyses supported our life-history results. Consistent with life span extension, the expression of IIS (insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signalling) components was reduced in fat bodies after protein enrichment. Interestingly, however, genes involved in reproductive physiology (e.g., vitellogenin) were largely unaffected in fat body and head transcriptomes.

Conclusion
These results suggest that IIS is decoupled from downstream fecundity-associated pathways, which can contribute to the remoulding of the fecundity/longevity trade-off in termites as compared to solitary insects.


Xs: 4.5855665 Ys: -0.9758565 Publish year: 2019 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Antioxidant Diets and Functional Foods Promote Healthy Aging and Longevity Through Diverse Mechanisms of Action abstract: Based on long-term historical data, humans now a days enjoy longer life spans than that of their ancestors. The Guinness Book of World Records has listed a person who had the longest life span and lived up to the age of 122 years [1]. Looking back to the past couple of centuries, longevity
has increased worldwide due to medical advances, reduced infant mortality, improved socioeconomic conditions, good sanitation, and healthy nutrition. Even in Africa, where malnutrition is rampant
and people suffer from serious infections, men and women live longer these days compared to the past century [2,3]. However, it has been observed that both nature and nurture play significant roles to promote healthy aging and longevity. For instance, early life environment, socioeconomic conditions, availability of healthy foods, and lifestyle factors can contribute greatly to the development of chronic diseases that impact on our aging and life span in adulthood life [4]. It is now recognized
that maternal health and nutrition contribute heavily in fetal programming and its intrauterine growth. Premature delivery and low birth weight contribute to cardiovascular pathology [5], as well as pre- and post-natal development that subsequently impact on the offspring’s health
and longevity [6,7]. It is therefore imperative that the healthcare providers should remain cognizant of the fact that maternal/fetal health plays an important role in reducing the incidence of noncommunicable
diseases (NCDs) during postnatal life, and healthy aging and longevity. Also, it is the duty of the mother to keep active and eat healthy foods during pregnancy, and reduce the risk of stress on the intrauterine guest.
According to the WHO, the number of elderly seniors (greater than 60-70 years) has increased continuously during the past 60 years, and the projected global increase of elderly population will be 56% from 901 million to 1.4 billion people between 2015 and 2030 [8]. It is estimated that in 2030, the number of 80-year-old persons will become three times greater than in 2015 [8]. Although there is a worldwide increase in life expectancy resulting from the advancement of health care system,
improved nutrition, better sanitation, and socioeconomic status, the elderly people are also facing increased incidences of NCDs, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), neurodegenerative disorders, and cancers. The NCDs not only increase the health care costs and pose an economic burden in developed and developing countries, but also result in poor quality of life (QoL) among the elderly folks, especially in poor countries [9-11]. There is an overwhelming evidence that both genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to the occurrence of NCDs, including a number of lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, sedentary habits), unhealthy dietary habits, heavily salted foods, sugar-loaded beverages, malnutrition, and lack of micronutrients (vitamins and trace
elements). Many epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have focused on the specific food nutrients (e.g., Mediterranean-type diet), nutritional supplements, intake of functional foods and probiotics, and lifestyle modifications that slow the onset of aging and reduce age-related illnesses, and consequently promote healthy aging, longevity, and improvement of QoL among the elderly people.


Xs: 6.38337 Ys: -1.1093841 Publish year: 2007 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Longevity, fecundity, and progeny sex ratio of Pteromalus cerealellae in relation to diet, host provision, and mating abstract: We investigated the effects of diet (sugar feeding), host provision, and mating on the longevity, fecundity, and progeny sex ratio of Pteromalus cerealellae (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), an ectoparasitoid of several stored-product insects. Sugar feeding (25% sucrose solution) increased male lifespan by a factor of 3–4 relative to sugar-starved (provided water only) or completely starved (provided no water and no sugar solution) males, irrespective of mating status or host provision. Sugar feeding also increased longevity of females which were not provided hosts, but had no effect on longevity of females which were provided hosts, suggesting that supplemental sugar feeding is beneficial to females only in the absence of hosts. Females had a significantly greater longevity than males: Mean(±SE) longevity of sugar-fed unmated females provisioned with no hosts (36.3±1.2 days) was significantly greater than mean longevity of sugar-fed unmated males provisioned with no hosts (29.7±0.9 days). A negative effect of mating on longevity was recorded only in the absence of hosts but not when hosts were provided. In general, sugar feeding resulted in a modest increase in progeny production by female P. cerealellae and this was significant for one batch of attacked hosts. However, cumulative lifetime progeny (mean±SE) of sugar-fed females (64.2±9.2) was not significantly greater than that of sugar-starved (44.5±6.8), or completely starved (54.5±9.3) females. Nevertheless, progeny of sugar-fed females was female-biased (53% females) compared to male-biased progeny recorded for completely-starved females (37% females). These results suggest the potential impact of sugar feeding on survival, fecundity, and sex allocation in P. cerealellae.


Xs: 2.7864478 Ys: 3.8190439 Publish year: 2018 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Diet-induced inflammation: From gut to metabolic organs and the consequences for the health and longevity of ruminants abstract: Dietary shifts play an important role in decreased longevity in ruminant livestock. Ruminants evolved as cellulose fermenters adapt to fiber-rich diets. Instead, high-producing ruminants nowadays are commonly fed with grain-based diets to increase intake and productivity. Such diets, however, trade off the health of the animal. One negative aspect of such feeding is related to elevated levels of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) in the gut lumen and the likelihood of LPS translocation across the gut causing systemic and local (tissue) inflammation with consequences for production and longevity. However, the view for toxicity of gut LPS is oversimplified, overlooking the physicochemistry of LPS and the translocation route that determine the fate and immune reactive activity of LPS within the host. The barrier and defensive mechanisms of rumen morphology and intestinal mucus are understated. LPS cross the epithelial barrier paracellularly through impaired tight-junction and transcellularly through receptor-mediated transcytosis and the lipoprotein pathway transporting lipids. The lipoprotein pathway delivers LPS to the circulation before reaching the liver for detoxification and is believed to be the major natural route of gut LPS translocation at least in non-ruminants. Ruminant research has focused on endotoxemia and systemic inflammation but with little success and conflicting results, not to mention that low-grade inflammation is not easy to detect. In fact, LPS in the circulation must be effectively removed to avoid an adverse effect of rising level of LPS in the circulation. Circulating LPS could be transported towards target tissues in various organs, leading to local inflammation and altered metabolic activity in the tissues. Therefore, it might be feasible to capture tissue inflammation, especially in the metabolic organs including the liver, adipose tissues, and mammary gland. The present review gathers research updates and presents a comprehensive view of the physicochemical properties and bioactivity of LPS and the possibilities of translocation as well as other possible fate of LPS at each gut site in ruminants. Furthermore, we describe the involvement of three key metabolic organs including the liver, adipose tissue, and mammary gland in response to gut-derived LPS that lead to inflammation in the tissue posing consequences for the health and longevity of dairy cows.


Xs: 5.2417464 Ys: -1.7581052 Publish year: 2016 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Intestinal Autophagy Improves Healthspan and Longevity in C. elegans during Dietary Restriction abstract: Author
Dietary restriction (DR) without inducing malnutrition has robust beneficial effects on lifespan in many species, including humans. The cellular recycling process of autophagy contributes to DR-mediated longevity. Autophagy is triggered by nutrient scarcity and increases the degradation of cytosolic molecules and organelles in the lysosomes. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, we previously showed that genes involved in autophagy are required for lifespan extension through DR; however, it is not clear whether autophagy in individual tissues plays critical roles in DR-mediated longevity. Here, we investigated the contribution of autophagy in genetically dietary-restricted eat-2 mutants. Our major findings include: (i) Inhibition of autophagy in the intestine prevents the long lifespan observed in eat-2 mutants; (ii) the intestine of eat-2 mutants contains an expanded lysosomal compartment and flux assays indicate increased autophagosome turnover, consistent with elevated autophagy in this tissue; (iii) intestinal autophagy is required for the improved intestinal integrity observed in eat-2 mutants; (iv) autophagy inhibition impairs motility in older animals; and (v) inhibition of autophagy in the intestine accelerates the motility decline in eat-2 mutants. Collectively, these studies suggest a critical role for intestinal autophagy in dietary-restricted animals, and highlight the importance of this process in maintaining fitness and longevity.


Xs: 4.6988807 Ys: -1.4547824 Publish year: 2016 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Human longevity: Genetics or Lifestyle? It takes two to tango abstract: Healthy aging and longevity in humans are modulated by a lucky combination of genetic and non-genetic factors. Family studies demonstrated that about 25 % of the variation in human longevity is due to genetic factors. The search for genetic and molecular basis of aging has led to the identification of genes correlated with the maintenance of the cell and of its basic metabolism as the main genetic factors affecting the individual variation of the aging phenotype. In addition, studies on calorie restriction and on the variability of genes associated with nutrient-sensing signaling, have shown that ipocaloric diet and/or a genetically efficient metabolism of nutrients, can modulate lifespan by promoting an efficient maintenance of the cell and of the organism. Recently, epigenetic studies have shown that epigenetic modifications, modulated by both genetic background and lifestyle, are very sensitive to the aging process and can either be a biomarker of the quality of aging or influence the rate and the quality of aging.
On the whole, current studies are showing that interventions modulating the interaction between genetic background and environment is essential to determine the individual chance to attain longevity.


Xs: 6.246025 Ys: -1.3119389 Publish year: 2004 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: The impact of diet switching on resource allocation to reproduction and longevity in Mediterranean fruit flies abstract: Understanding the factors that determine the allocation and utilization of organism resources may provide an insight into the mechanisms of adaptation, ageing and reproduction. Resource allocation, which is regarded as a method of adaptation, increases fitness and is genetically controlled. Experiments with variable diet feeding of female Mediterranean fruitflies (Ceratitis capitata) demonstrated that the feeding regime dramatically influences lifespan, mortality and the reproduction of flies. An analysis of experimental data and numerical experiments reveals that resource allocation could explain lifespan increase when females are switched from a sugar-only to a protein-containing diet. The heterogeneity of the initial female cohort in terms of the total amount of resources and its allocation to the processes of maintenance and reproduction plays a significant role in this.


Xs: 4.774345 Ys: -1.520901 Publish year: 1995 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: The Biosure Study: Influence of composition of diet and food consumption on longevity, degenerative diseases and neoplasia in Wistar rats studied for up to 30 months post weaning abstract: The 1200-rat Biosure Study had six interrelated aims: (1) To see whether dietary restriction (80% ad lib.) reduces the age-standardized incidence of fatal or potentially fatal neoplasia before the age of 30 months. (2) To see whether the beneficial effects of diet restriction can be achieved by (a) limiting the daily period of access to food to 6 hr, or by (b) limiting the energy value of the diet. (3) To see whether reduced calorie intake between weaning and age 4 months influences survival and/or incidence of non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases. (4) To compare effects of food consumption, energy intake and protein intake on survival and disease. (5) To study the relationships between body weight at different ages with eventual survival and disease incidence. (6) To provide a database for studying relationships between various in-life measurements and eventual survival and disease incidence in individual animals. Twelve groups of SKF Wistar rats consisting of 50 animals of each sex were fed according to different dietary regimens from when they were weaned at the age of 3 wk until they died, or had to be killed because they were sick, or until the experiment was terminated at 30 months. For five of the 12 dietary regimens, satellite groups consisting of 30 animals per sex were maintained in parallel and used to supply information on the effect of diet on circulating hormone levels during the course of the study. During the 13 wk post weaning a Standard Breeder diet (SB) was provided either ad lib. (four groups), 80% ad lib. (three groups), or with access to food limited to 6 hr per day (one group). During this same period two other groups were fed a Low Nutrient Breeder diet (LB) ad lib. A further group was fed a Low Nutrient Maintenance (high fibre) diet (LM) ad lib. Finally, one group was fed the high protein Porton Rat diet (PR) ad lib.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


Xs: 4.023874 Ys: -1.1100252 Publish year: 2023 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Low Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Probable Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 7+ Project abstract: Muscle strength is a relevant metric of aging. Greater adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with better health outcomes across all life stages; however, evidence on the relationship between Mediterranean diet and muscle strength in older adults is inconclusive. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between adherence to Mediterranean diet and handgrip strength in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults from the Longevity Checkup 7+ project. A total of 2963 participants (mean age 72.8 ± 5.7 years; 54.4% women) were analyzed. Mediterranean diet adherence was evaluated using a modified Medi-Lite score and categorized as low (≤8), good (9 to 11), or high (≥12). Handgrip strength was categorized as normal or low according to cut-points by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Older adults with lower Mediterranean diet adherence had a significantly higher prevalence of probable sarcopenia (25.9%) than those with good (19.1%) or high (15.5%) adherence. The proportion of participants with probable sarcopenia increased with age, but it remained lower in the good and high adherence groups. Logistic regression showed that greater Mediterranean diet adherence was associated with a lower risk of probable sarcopenia. Older age, female sex, and physical inactivity were associated with a greater risk of probable sarcopenia. Our findings emphasize the positive association between healthy lifestyles, including adherence to Mediterranean diet, and physical function in old age.


Xs: 6.199641 Ys: -1.2747759 Publish year: 2009 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Shelly, T. E. and S. S. Kennelly. Influence of male diet on male mating success and longevity and female remating in the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephitidae) under laboratory conditions. Florida Entomol abstract: El propósito del presente estudio fué para investigar el efecto de la proteina dietética en el comportamiento del apareamiento y la sobrevivencia de machos de la mosca mediterranea, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), como una manera de mejorar la eficacia de la producción en masa de los machos en programas de liberaciones de machos esteriles para suprimir las poblaciones silvestres. Nuestro estudio, conducido en el laboratorio, se enfocó en tres preguntas principales: 1) Si la inclusión de proteina en la dieta del adulto afecta el éxito en el apareamiento de los machos silvestres y de los machos criados en masa? 2) Si la duración de la cópula y la tendencia de reaparearse las hembras silvestres con la pareja inicial son afectadas por la raza (silvestres versus criados en masa) y la dieta (alimentadas con proteina versus privadas de proteina)? 3) Si la inclusión de proteina en la dieta del adulto afecta la longevidad de los machos criados en masa? En pruebas de apareamiento con moscas silvestres, los machos alimentados con proteina tuvieron una ventaja de apareamiento sobre los machos privados de proteina. Sin embargo, la adición de proteina a la dieta no aumentó el éxito de aparearse en los machos criados en masa en competencia con machos silvestres con las hembras silvestres. La inclusión de proteina en la dieta del macho no tuvo un efecto aparente sobre la tendencia de las hembras para reaparearse, la duración de la cópula, o la longevidad del macho. Independientemente de la dieta del macho, no encontramos una diferencia en la duración de la cópula entre machos silvestres y machos criados en masa al aparearse con hembras silvestres, y las hembras silvestres apareadas inicialmente con machos silvestres o con machos criados en masa mostraron una tendencia similar para aparearse de nuevo. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para técnica del insecto estéril (SIT).


Xs: 3.9189918 Ys: -1.1197944 Publish year: 2023 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Survival and longevity of European rulers: geographical influences and exploring potential factors, including the Mediterranean diet — a historical analysis from 1354 to the twentieth century abstract: Significant regional variability in lifespan in Europe is influenced by environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors, including diet. This study investigates the impact of geographical region on the lifespan of European rulers spanning from the fourteenth century to the present day. By analyzing historical records and literature, we aim to identify region-specific dietary patterns and lifestyle factors that may have contributed to longer lifespans among rulers. The hypothesis to be tested is that rulers from Southern European countries, where the traditional Mediterranean diet is consumed by the local people, may exhibit longer lifespans compared to rulers from other regions, due to the well-documented health benefits associated with this dietary pattern. We extracted comprehensive information for each ruler, encompassing their sex, birth and death dates, age, age of enthronement, duration of rulership, country, and cause of death (natural vs. non-natural). To determine their nationality, we coded rulers based on their hypothetical present-day residence (2023). Utilizing the EuroVoc Geographical classification, we categorized the countries into four regions: Northern, Western, Southern, Central and Eastern Europe. While Cox regression models did not find significant differences in survival rates among regions, further analysis stratified by time periods revealed intriguing trends. Contrary to our initial predictions, the Northern region displayed better survival rates compared to the Southern region between 1354 and 1499, whereas survival rates were similar across regions from 1500 to 1749. However, after 1750, all regions, except the Southern region, exhibited significantly improved survival rates, suggesting advancements in healthcare and lifestyle factors. These findings underscore the dynamic influence of both region and time period on health and longevity. Interestingly, despite the prevalence of the Mediterranean diet in the Southern region of Europe, rulers from this region did not demonstrate longer lifespans compared to their counterparts in other regions. This suggests that additional lifestyle factors may have played a more prominent role in their longevity. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the intricate relationship between region, time period, and lifespan among European rulers. Although the Mediterranean diet is often associated with health benefits, our findings indicate that it alone may not account for differences in ruler longevity across regions. Further research is warranted to explore the impact of other lifestyle factors on the health and lifespan of European rulers throughout history.


Xs: 4.4220247 Ys: -1.1902317 Publish year: 2013 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Nutrition and Healthy Ageing: Calorie Restriction or Polyphenol-Rich "MediterrAsian" Diet? abstract: Diet plays an important role in mammalian health and the prevention of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Incidence of CVD is low in many parts of Asia (e.g., Japan) and the Mediterranean area (e.g., Italy, Spain, Greece, and Turkey). The Asian and the Mediterranean diets are rich in fruit and vegetables, thereby providing high amounts of plant bioactives including polyphenols, glucosinolates, and antioxidant vitamins. Furthermore, oily fish which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids is an important part of the Asian (e.g., Japanese) and also of the Mediterranean diets. There are specific plant bioactives which predominantly occur in the Mediterranean (e.g., resveratrol from red wine, hydroxytyrosol, and oleuropein from olive oil) and in the Asian diets (e.g., isoflavones from soybean and epigallocatechin gallate from green tea). Interestingly, when compared to calorie restriction which has been repeatedly shown to increase healthspan, these polyphenols activate similar molecular targets such as Sirt1. We suggest that a so-called "MediterrAsian" diet combining sirtuin-activating foods (= sirtfoods) of the Asian as well as Mediterranean diet may be a promising dietary strategy in preventing chronic diseases, thereby ensuring health and healthy ageing. Future (human) studies are needed which take the concept suggested here of the MediterrAsian diet into account.


Xs: 4.343712 Ys: -1.3521951 Publish year: 2006 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Caloric restriction and human longevity: What can we learn from the Okinawans? abstract: Caloric (or dietary) restriction (CR) extends lifespan and lowers risk for age associated diseases in a phylogenetically diverse group of species. Whether prolonged CR increases average or maximum lifespan or promotes a more youthful physiology in humans at advanced ages is not yet known. However, available epidemiological evidence indicates that CR may already have contributed to an extension of average and maximum life span in one human population and appears to have lowered risk for age associated chronic diseases in other human populations. We review the human studies in the context of a special human population, older Okinawans, who appear to have undergone a mild form of prolonged CR for about half their adult lives.


Xs: 6.219347 Ys: -1.1266725 Publish year: 2017 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Temporal Dynamics of Phlebotomine Sand Flies Population in Response to Ambient Temperature Variation, Bam, Kerman Province of Iran abstract: Background:
Variations in climate condition may have changed the dynamic of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) and its agents such as sand flies and reservoir in the Bam Kerman the dry region of Iran.

Objectives:
In this study we intend to examine the seasonal and interannual dynamics of the phlebotomine mosquito as a function of ambient temperature in Bam, Kerman one of the main leshmaniasis prevalence area in Iran.

Methods:
The MODIS land surface temperature product (LST; MODIS/Terra LST/E Monthly L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG [MOD11C3]) and land-based climatic data were used as explanatory variables. Monthly caught mosquitoes in Bam, Kerman, were used as a dependent variable. The temporal associations were first investigated by inspection of scatterplots and single-variable regression analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was developed to reveal the association between ambient temperature and the monthly mosquito abundance at a 95% confidence level (P < 0.05).

Findings:
The findings indicated that the monthly variation of 0-10 cm of soil depth temperature is the main driver of phlebotomine mosquito temporal dynamics. The developed multivariate model also indicated that the ambient temperature variation was responsible for >0.80 of temporal dynamics of phlebotomine mosquitos in Bam.


Xs: 6.086815 Ys: -0.85264814 Publish year: 2019 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Dietary Phytochemicals, Honey Bee Longevity and Pathogen Tolerance abstract: Continued loss of natural habitats with native prairies and wildflower patches is eliminating diverse sources of pollen, nectar and phytochemicals therein for foraging bees. The longstanding plant-pollinator mutualism reiterates the role of phytochemicals in sustaining plant-pollinator relationship and promoting honey bee health. We studied the effects of four phytochemicals—caffeine, gallic acid, kaempferol and p-coumaric acid, on survival and pathogen tolerance in the European honey bee, Apis mellifera (L.). We recorded longevity of worker bees that were provided ad libitum access to sugar solution supplemented with different concentrations of phytochemicals. We artificially infected worker bees with the protozoan parasite, Nosema ceranae. Infected bees were provided access to the same concentrations of the phytochemicals in the sugar solution, and their longevity and spore load at mortality were determined. Bees supplemented with dietary phytochemicals survived longer and lower concentrations were generally more beneficial. Dietary phytochemicals enabled bees to combat infection as seen by reduced spore-load at mortality. Many of the phytochemicals are plant defense compounds that pollinators have evolved to tolerate and derive benefits from. Our findings support the chemical bases of co-evolutionary interactions and reiterate the importance of diversity in floral nutrition sources to sustain healthy honey bee populations by strengthening the natural mutualistic relationships.


Xs: 5.1321883 Ys: -1.299231 Publish year: 2010 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Predicting whether dietary restriction would increase longevity in species not tested so far abstract: Dietary restriction (DR) is often considered as a nearly universal means to extend longevity in animal species. This article argues that whether DR will increase longevity is dependent on life-history strategies. Long-lived species are not expected to live much longer under DR, contrarily to short-lived ones. However, species able to cover long distances are not expected to live longer under DR, even if they are short-lived. Human beings are long-lived and can also cover long distances: thus, DR would probably not increase their lifespan. One may wonder whether DR mimetics would have some effects in human beings if DR does not increase longevity in this species.