Xs: 5.509213 Ys: 2.153561 Publish year: 2021 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Study on pattern of consumption of fruits and vegetables and associated factors among medical students of Delhi abstract: Background: Fruits and vegetables are a rich source of essential micronutrients i.e. vitamins/minerals and dietary fibers required for the normal daily functionality of the body. Young adults such as medical students are a particularly vulnerable population in terms of health issues and adequate diet. Objective of the study was to find the pattern of fruits and vegetables consumption in undergraduate medical students of Delhi.Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned among 300 undergraduate students from medical college in New Delhi. The questionnaire consisted of questions about identification data, pattern of fruit and vegetable consumption. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 21.0 and for qualitative data analysis chi-square test was used.Results: Mean age of study subjects was 20.82±2.1 years and females (52.7%) were more as compared to (47.3%) males. Out of 300 participants, only one third (33.3%) of study participants consumed more than five servings of fruits and vegetables. More than half of study participants felt that unsafe use of pesticides, difficult to eat five servings in a day, poor handling and poor quality of fruits and vegetables were the most common barriers in consumption of FVs. Age and semester of study participants and education status of mothers were found significant predictors of consumption of recommended number of serving of FVs in day. Conclusions: This study concludes that only one third of study participants consumed more than five servings of fruits and vegetables which is recommended number of serving in a day. So, there is a need to increase awareness about importance of fruits and vegetables consumption among study population.


Xs: 3.7480338 Ys: 4.1240873 Publish year: 2023 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Analysis of Physiochemical and Functional Properties of Oat-Based Synbiotic Beverage Enriched with Phytonutrients abstract: Synbiotic food and beverages incorporate a synergistic combination of probiotics and prebiotics to foster enhanced health benefits compared to their individual counterparts. The present study analyzed the physiochemical and functional properties of a synbiotic beverage prepared with a combination of Lactobacillus casei as probiotic and oats as the prebiotic substrate versus L. casei (5 %) in the dairy matrix as control (C). This low-fat and hypo-caloric product was enriched with whey proteins and natural colors to enhance its favorable effects. Sensory analysis depicted variation 2 (V2) to manifest increased acceptance (8.0±0.2) and the highest count of viable probiotics (8.5×10 11 ±82) versus the other variants. V2 exhibited a significant content of proximate components, dietary fiber (TDF), and polyphenols along with an optimum organic acid production (88±0.3), titratable acidity (1.6±0.3), pH (4.3±0.2), and enhanced antioxidant capacity portrayed by reducing power (25 ± 0.9 mg/mL) and H 2 O 2 scavenging abilities (157.5±6.1 µg/mL) as well as improved survival in the in vitro simulated gastrointestinal environment compared to the control. Additionally, V2 revealed a shelf life of 28 days at refrigerated storage (4-6 °C) with suitable retention of organoleptic characteristics, acidity, and viability. Hence, the developed synbiotic and polyphenol-enriched beverage may impart beneficial health effects through its nutritional and functional properties.


Xs: 5.660126 Ys: 2.011565 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Consideration of Phytonutrients, Probiotics and Prebiotics for enhanced immunity during disaster relief situation- A review abstract: Background
Disasters cause diseases, disrupt food supply systems, and expose people to food and nutritional instability. Malnutrition issues, recurrent infections, contaminated food, and inadequate access to essential resources make an already vulnerable population more vulnerable. For the first 15 days, emergency food assistance is of the utmost importance. Nutritional challenges become critical for vulnerable groups and patients for their specific dietary requirements. In addition, infections, foodborne illness, poor immunity is yet another challenge faced by affected population after any disaster.

Method
Relevant literature was searched using Google Scholar, PubMed and other international organization databases using keywords such as “disaster and public health”, “ nutrition during disaster”, “food selection in disaster”, “biscuits or food bars for disaster”, “phytochemicals”.

Results
The current manuscript emphasizes on an analytical discussion of already available ready-to-eat foods that are now on the market as disaster relief products. Mortality during disaster is high in vulnerable groups due to their compromised immunity. These populations could be benefitted by providing a disaster relief food with addition immune-boosting nutraceutical properties such as phytochemicals, probiotics, and prebiotics. By providing disaster specific foods rich in probiotics, prebiotics and phytonutrients to the immune-compromised population, health consequences associated with disasters such as digestive issues, respiratory illnesses, and chronic diseases can be reversed.

Conclusion
Inclusion of phytochemicals and immunity boosting foods into the disaster relief program will help the population with special needs (who have compromised immunity or metabolic disorders) to have better coping strength to the adverse disaster conditions. Although providing adequate amounts of macronutrients is the first practical consideration, phytonutrients and probiotics would be helpful to alleviate a variety of health complications when a crisis began. Phytochemical-enriched ready-to-eat products can be used for additional immunomodulatory benefits in disaster relief. Food products having additional health benefits for disease-specific population should be developed and provided to them for better survival.


Xs: 6.3442454 Ys: 2.6851895 Publish year: 2018 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Development stage, storage temperature and storage duration influence phytonutrient content in cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) abstract: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) plays an important role in sustainable food security and livelihood improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The crop is rich in phytonutrients and minerals, which are key in solving malnutrition and hunger crisis, a major challenge in SSA. However, physiological status, storage temperature and duration affect phytonutrient levels and postharvest life of the leafy vegetable. Despite the significant importance of cowpeas, the maturity and postharvest storage effects on quality of the leafy vegetable remains unrevealed. The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of phytonutrients in cowpea leaves during development under field conditions in Kenya and in storage. The total carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch) were highest at 90 d after planting (105.9 ± 2.5 g kg⁻¹) compared to 30, 60 and 120 d. The total Phenolics (Gallic acid equivalents) increased gradually with age up to 12.0 ± 0.2 g kg⁻¹ by 120 d. Catechin equivalent flavonoids, trolox equivalent antioxidants (TEA) and chlorophyll were highest in concentrations at 60 d after planting with 8.0 ± 0.5 g kg⁻¹, 26.19 ± 0.5 g kg⁻¹ and 5.7 ± 0.4 g kg⁻¹ respectively. Quercetin equivalent flavonoids and total carotenoids did not show significant changes with age, while mineral concentration dynamics were specific for each element. Storage of cowpea leaves at room temperature (50–55 % relative humidity) led to a stronger decline of phytonutrients after 4 d, but mostly they remained stable at cold storage (5 °C). Results of this study highlight the importance of developmental stage at harvest, storage conditions and duration for the optimal availability of phytonutrients in freshly consumed leaves and for postharvest management strategies.


Xs: 5.8074875 Ys: 2.9739053 Publish year: 2013 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Differential and antagonistic effects of palm tocotrienols and other phytonutrients (carotenoids, squalene and coenzyme Q10) on breast cancer cells in vitro abstract: Palm vitamin E, tocotrienols in particular, are known to exert great anti-cancer effects on a variety of cell types. In this study, the effects of palm vitamin E, carotenoids, squalene and coenzyme Q10 were studied on two human breast cancer cell lines. All compounds caused anti-proliferative effect in vitro but tocotrienols (compounds and isomers) were generally more potent. The results show that the anticancer effects of palm vitamin E were more pronounced when these were used on their own rather than in combination with other phytonutrients (carotenoids, squalene and coenzyme Q10). The palm phytonutrient complex, which contains all the tested phytonutrients did not appear to exert better antiproliferative effects compared to the individual compounds. Our results show that tocotrienols, as well as other phytonutrients (carotenoids, squalene and coenzyme Q10), have anti-proliferative effects on breast cancer cells but different and antagonistic mechanisms may be employed in combination.


Xs: 6.039456 Ys: 2.4546218 Publish year: 2009 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Regulating Phytonutrient Levels in Plants – Toward Modification of Plant Metabolism for Human Health abstract: Plants constitute a major component of our diet, providing pigments and additional phytonutrients that are thought to be essential for maintenance of human health and are therefore also referred to as functional metabolites. Several fruit and vegetable species already contain high levels of several of these ingredients, while others do not. Nevertheless, efforts have been devoted to increasing and diversifying the content of phytonutrients, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamins, even in plants that normally produce high levels of such nutritional components. These efforts rely on transgenic and non-transgenic approaches which have exposed complex regulation mechanisms required for increasing the levels of functional metabolites in plants. The study of these regulatory mechanisms is essential to expedite improvement of levels of these metabolites in fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, and starchy roots or tubers. Such improvement is important for the following reasons: (1) to increase the efficiency of the industrial extraction of these compounds that are later being used as natural food supplements or fortifiers and as a source of natural colors to replace the chemical alternatives; (2) to improve and diversify the diet in populations of developing countries, where malnutrition may occur through lack of variety in the diet; (3) to provide fresh agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables highly enriched with certain phytonutrients to possibly substitute the chemically synthesized food supplements and vitamins; and (4) to provide an array of new and attractive colors to our diet.


Xs: 6.541052 Ys: 2.659374 Publish year: 2013 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytochemical screening and FT-IR studies on wild and common South Indian legumes abstract: The present study deals with the preliminary phytochemical screening, functional group identification of seed extract of wild and common legumes were investigated. Preliminary phytochemical tests are helpful in finding and locating chemical constituents which are source of pharmacologically active principles. The results of the phytochemical screening carried out on the seed extract of legumes showed the presence of useful phytonutrients. The extracts were subjected for identification of functional groups using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, presence of alcohol and hydroxyl groups, alkane groups, alkene groups, nitrogen-oxy groups, sulfur-oxy groups, aryl groups, aliphatic iodo groups. To sum up, the legumes of the present study reveals as one of the cheapest sources of phytonutrients.


Xs: 5.7540536 Ys: 2.7357337 Publish year: 2023 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrients as a Therapeutic Modality: An Overview abstract: Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Recent research demonstrates that phytochemicals are critical in preventing and managing gastrointestinal cancer. The increased intake of phytochemicals could reduce the risk of cancer by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and suppressing angiogenesis as well as cancer cell metastasis. These mechanisms are also known to counter Helicobacter pylori infection and modulate gut microbiota. There is preliminary data suggesting that daily supplementation with high doses of certain vitamins combined with conventional therapeutic agents may enhance their growth inhibitory effects on tumor cells and protect normal tissues against some of their toxic effects. This book attempts to fill gaps on the role of phytonutrients in the treatment of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). It discusses the action of individual vitamins on cellular and molecular parameters and describes how vitamins inhibit protein kinase C activity, increase the production of certain growth factors, and modulate the expression of a number of oncogenes. The book is divided into 2 parts. The first part summarizes the pathophysiology of GIT cancers and introduces readers to anticancer phytonutrients. A chapter on the status of FDA approved nutraceuticals rounds up this section. The second part of the book provides a systematic review on the different plant derived chemicals that can be used to treat GIT cancer. Each chapter in this section focuses on a specific type of phytochemical agent and its molecular mechanisms relevant to the disease. This book will give the reader a holistic view of gastrointestinal cancer treatment and the value of natural compounds in developing functional food and drugs for preventive medicine.


Xs: 6.421684 Ys: 3.104375 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Red Beet Pomace as a Source of Nutraceuticals abstract: Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) pomace, a by-product of the beet processing industry that has been in the focus of life sciences because it provides an economical source of plant-derived compounds. Beetroot pomace as an agro-waste is a rich source of indispensable phytochemicals. The most dominant pigment and antioxidant are betalains which have wide applications owing to their pigment and non-toxic properties. Beetroot pomace powder has different functional attributes and has wide application in food products. Beet pomace attributed distinct properties related to health that raise their pharmacological activity, in addition, to being rich in vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, and other useful substances. This chapter summarizes the nutritional content, bioactive profile, and health advantages of beetroot pomace to better understand the pomace’s nutraceutical potential.KeywordsBeetroot pomaceAgro wasteBetalainFunctional propertiesPharmacological attributes


Xs: 6.578661 Ys: 2.0261142 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Assessing the Usefulness of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract as a Biostimulant to Supplement Synthetic Fertilizers: A Review abstract: The extensive use of synthetic chemical fertilizers is associated with environmental pollution and soil degradation. In addition, the high costs of these fertilizers necessitate the search for alternative, eco-friendly and safe natural sources of phytonutrients. The liquid extracted from moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves has been used in agriculture to improve the growth and productivity of several crops. The efficacy of moringa leaf extract (MLE) is attributed to its high content of mineral nutrients, protein, vitamins, sugars, fiber, phenolics and free proline. In addition, MLE contains significant amounts of phytohormones, such as auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins. Furthermore, MLE is a valuable product promoting seed germination, plant growth and deeper root
development, delaying fruit senescence and increasing the yield and quality of crops grown under normal or stressful conditions. Here, we review the research on MLE as a biostimulant to enhance crop growth and productivity. Moreover, we emphasize its possible introduction to smallholder farming systems to provide phytonutrients, and we further highlight research gaps in the existing knowledge regarding MLE application. Generally, MLE is an inexpensive, sustainable, eco-friendly and natural biostimulant that can be used to improve the growth and productivity attributes of various crops under non-stressful and stressful conditions.


Xs: 6.6088276 Ys: 3.277089 Publish year: 2019 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Nutraceutical properties and phytochemical characterization of wild Serbian fruits abstract: Wild fruits grown in Serbia, i.e., elderberry (Sambucus nigra), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas), and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), are rich in secondary metabolites. In this study, the polyphenolic composition of wild fruit extracts and their antioxidant capacity were investigated by in vitro assays. Elderberry was characterized by the presence of arbutin (a skin protector), and cornelian cherry by syringic and gallic acids. In blackthorn, at least 11 different phenolic compounds were reported for the first time, including vanillic acid and naringin, the metabolite present in the highest amount. Blackthorn extracts were the richest in polyphenols (11.24–18.70 g GAE/kg FW) and had the highest activity in the DPPH radical test (180.93–267.11 mMTE/mL), while cornelian cherry extracts showed the most effective ferric ion chelating (81.37–90.66%) and antityrosinase inhibition capacities (21.75–74.23%). No sample was able to scavenge NO. Using the principal component analysis, wild fruit samples were classified into four separate clusters due to distinctive phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacity. Our investigation showed how every fruit could be considered unique in terms of its phytonutrient content. Thus, Serbian wild fruits may be a great source of bioactive natural compounds and could be therefore considered particularly useful in food supplement production. Particularly, as a source of natural antioxidants, these species could be used to extend the shelf life of food products and replace synthetic antioxidants, avoiding potential health risks and toxicity.


Xs: 6.290478 Ys: 3.3926725 Publish year: 2014 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Somatic Mining for Phytonutrient Improvement of ‘Russet Burbank’ Potato abstract: Screening of >800 somaclones of ‘Russet Burbank’, North America’s leading French fry cultivar, for improved yield and processing quality, led to the selection of 25 advanced lines. Three replicates of 3–5 tubers each from advanced lines were assessed after 5 months storage for antioxidant and polyphenol attributes; a subject receiving increased attention among plant breeders, nutritionists, and consumers. Phytonutrients affecting antioxidant components and total antioxidant capacity per serving (150 g fresh matter; one serving size) varied significantly among tubers of the 25 somaclones as well as between these somaclones and ‘Russet Burbank’ control plants (field tuber-derived and plantlet-derived). Several phenolics, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid derivatives, ferulic acid derivatives as well as the flavonoid rutin, ranged in concentration from 10- to 100-fold with some lines exceeding control tuber concentrations by >7-fold. Similarly, ascorbic acid ranged >3-fold (47.21 to 208.63 mg) on a per serving basis with some lines showing significantly greater concentrations than the control plantlet derived tubers (93.82 mg) by >2-fold. Antioxidant capacity, estimated using 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ranged up to 5-fold for the advanced somaclones (2,121.34 to 11,163.07 μM trolox equivalent/serving). Less variation occurred with other antioxidant capacity tests (DPPH, Folin-Ciocalteu). Overall 17/25 lines had increased antioxidant components. HPLC assays were necessary to confirm lines with better phytonutrient profiles. Somaclonal selection offers clear benefits for phytonutrient improvement in potato and can follow selection for yield and processing attributes.


Xs: 6.5262046 Ys: 3.1835299 Publish year: 2024 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Extraction of Capsaicin and Related Compounds by Using Conventional and Contemporary Technologies abstract: Bioactive phytocompounds are produced as secondary metabolites, which are not needed for the plant functioning every day, but are essential for competition, attraction, defence and signalling. Capsaicin, the main secondary metabolite in Capsicum species is responsible for the pungent flavour of the fruit and posses several health benefits. Other compounds such as carotenoids and phenolics found in Capsicum also exhibit significant bioactivities. During the last few decades, several high-yielding extraction techniques for capsaicin from pepper plants have been utilised. This chapter analyses the conventional and contemporary techniques used for the extraction of capsaicin and related compounds from real sources. Main approaches highlighted in this chapter are solvent extraction, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, aqueous two-phase system and enzymatic treatments.


Xs: 7.4915695 Ys: 2.5182552 Publish year: 2024 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrient Screening and In vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Polar and Nonpolar Extracts of Albizia gummifera, Prunus africana, and Combretum molle from Mount Elgon Region, Kenya abstract: Background: Globally, and particularly in less-developed countries, one of the principal factors associated with morbidity and mortality is infectious diseases. Over the years, the abuse and misuse of pharmaceutical products have caused an increase in resistant microbes, and consequently, today, the rate of infectious disease cases continues to increase to dangerously high levels as most medications have lost their efficacy. This indicates that there’s a need for new effective medications and calls for active research in drug discovery to curb this dangerous trend. Results: Obtained data demonstrated the presence of different bioactive compounds in the tested plant extracts such as glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and phenols. Using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, P. africana methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed significantly bigger inhibition zones compared to the rest against S. aureus (excluding controls). None of the tested extracts, however, were able to inhibit C. albicans and E. coli. The P. africana methanolic extract and the A. gummifera hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanolic extracts all inhibited the growth of S. aureus at the same minimum concentration of 31.25 mg/ml. The methanolic extract of C. molle exhibited the least activity against S. aureus, with an MIC of 250 mg/ml and mean zones of inhibition of 9.33±0.33 mm. Conclusions: This study revealed the presence of various phytoconstituents in crude extracts of the selected medicinal plants, but also highlighted the resistance of E. coli and C. albicans to these phytochemicals. The P. africana methanolic extract showed strongest inhibitory effect against S. aureus compared to the other plant extracts. The highest susceptibility was demonstrated by S. aureus, while E. coli and C. albicans were resistant to all the extracts. These findings support the usage of A. gummifera, P. africana, and C. molle in folk medicine against infections caused by S. aureus and highlight them as potential sources of phytonutrients for the development of new drugs.


Xs: 6.54104 Ys: 3.1792212 Publish year: 2023 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Prunus lusitanica L. Fruits: A Promising Underexploited Source of Nutrients with Potential Economic Value abstract: In recent times, less-known fruit species have increasingly attracted worldwide attention and their health benefits are at the forefront. The fruits of plants from the genus Prunus are good sources of nutrients due to their economic, agronomic, and healthy values. However, Prunus lusitanica L., commonly known as Portuguese laurel cherry is considered an endangered species. Thus, the present work aimed to monitor the nutritional components of P. lusitanica fruits grown in three locations in northern Portugal for four consecutive years (2016–2019), using AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), spectrophotometric, and chromatographic analysis. The results evidenced the abundance of phytonutrients in P. lusitanica, such as proteins, fat, carbohydrates, soluble sugars, dietary fibre, amino acids, and minerals. It was also highlighted that the variation of nutritional components was relatively linked to the year factor, being especially relevant in the frame of the current changing climate, among others. These findings suggest that P. lusitanica L. deserves to be conserved and planted because of its food and nutraceutical applications. However, more detailed information on this rare plant species, such as phytophysiology, phytochemistry, bioactivity, pharmacology, etc., is certainly required for the design and development of appropriate uses and valorization alternatives for this species.


Xs: 5.940589 Ys: 3.155673 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Dietary sources, bioavailability and health effects of carotenoids abstract: Carotenoids are non-polar compounds found in fruits and vegetables. The consumption of these compounds has been associated with many beneficial effects on human health, especially on the prevention of chronic diseases that are currently considered as problems of public health. These effects have mainly been attributed to the antioxidant properties of carotenoids, although many other mechanisms are involved, including the influence of carotenoids in the expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Unfortunately, the bioavailability of these compounds is very limited. The effects of several factors on carotenoid bioavailability have been studied in order to identify the best strategies to increase the absorption of these compounds and, consequently, their bioactivity. Currently, important efforts have being carried out to determine the content and bioavailability of carotenoids from underutilized foods and the mechanisms involved in their bioavailability and beneficial effects. In this review, the recent findings on carotenoid sources, bioavailability and bioactivity are discussed.


Xs: 5.8749766 Ys: 2.372454 Publish year: 2017 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METAL LEVELS IN GREEN PEA (Pisum Sativum) A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED MARKETS IN ABUJA, FCT abstract: Background: Food safety is a major public concern worldwide. During the last decades, the increasing demand for food safety
has stimulated research regarding the risk associated with consumption of foodstuffs contaminated by pesticides, heavy metals
and or toxins. Materials and Methods: In this study, selected heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in Green peas sold at
Gwagwalada and Wuse markets in Abuja have been investigated . The samples were wet digested and the metals were
analysed using Atomic Absoprtion Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results: The mean metal levels were found to be 0.75, 17.38, 0.
75, 0.13, B.D.L, 34.50 µg/g for Cd, Cr, Cu Pb and Zn respectively. Zn was the highest metal found and Pb was below detection
limit. The metal levels found in the study were compared with regional or international standards to determine whether these
levels are within acceptable limits in foods. Conclusion: Notably, only Cd level was above the safe limits when compared with
the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC ) and World health Organization / Food and
Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO) tolerable limits for metals in fresh vegetables.


Xs: 6.073328 Ys: 2.2301822 Publish year: 2007 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Nutraceuticals, Nutritional Therapy, Phytonutrients, and Phytotherapy for Improvement of Human Health: A Perspective on Plant Biotechnology Application abstract: Plants are one of the most important resources of human foods and medicines. Rapidly increasing knowledge on nutrition, medicine, and plant biotechnology has dramatically changed the concepts about food, health and agriculture, and brought in a revolution on them. Nutritional therapy and phytotherapy have emerged as new concepts and healing systems have quickly and widely spread in recent years. Strong recommendations for consumption of nutraceuticals, natural plant foods, and the use of nutritional therapy and phytotherapy have become progressively popular to improve health, and to prevent and treat diseases. With these trends, improving the dietary nutritional values of fruits, vegetables and other crops or even bioactive components in folk herbals has become targets of the blooming plant biotechnology industry. This review attempts to display and remark on these aspects. It summarizes the progress made on nutraceuticals, nutritional therapy, phytonutrients, phytotherapy, and their related epidemiological investigations and clinical studies. It also covers markets of these health-promoting products and disease-preventing or healing systems, as well as regulations behind them that direct the development of biotechnology study and application. Finally, related patents are listed and briefly analyzed, regarding of plant biotechnological research and progress on transgenic crops to improve nutritional value, phytotherapy efficiency, or to produce pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites or high-valued protein medicines such as vaccines and antibodies.


Xs: 6.2602396 Ys: 3.0677893 Publish year: 2012 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Chemical composition, functional properties and processing of carrot-A review abstract: Carrot is one of the important root vegetables rich in bioactive compounds like carotenoids and dietary fibers with appreciable levels of several other functional components having significant health-promoting properties. The consumption of carrot and its products is increasing steadily due to its recognition as an important source of natural antioxidants having anticancer activity. Apart from carrot roots being traditionally used in salad and preparation of curries in India, these could commercially be converted into nutritionally rich processed products like juice, concentrate, dried powder, canned, preserve, candy, pickle, and gazrailla. Carrot pomace containing about 50% of β-carotene could profitably be utilized for the supplementation of products like cake, bread, biscuits and preparation of several types of functional products. The present review highlights the nutritional composition, health promoting phytonutrients, functional properties, products development and by-products utilization of carrot and carrot pomace along with their potential application.


Xs: 2.9021795 Ys: 3.8615704 Publish year: 2015 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrient diet supplementation promotes beneficial Clostridia species and intestinal mucus secretion resulting in protection against enteric infection abstract: Plant extracts, or phytonutrients, are used in traditional medicine practices as supplements to enhance the immune system and gain resistance to various infectious diseases and are used in animal production as health promoting feed additives. To date, there are no studies that have assessed their mechanism of action and ability to alter mucosal immune responses in the intestine. We characterized the immunomodulatory function of six phytonutrients: anethol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, capsicum oleoresin and garlic extract. Mice were treated with each phytonutrient to assess changes to colonic gene expression and mucus production. All six phytonutrients showed variable changes in expression of innate immune genes in the colon. However only eugenol stimulated production of the inner mucus layer, a key mucosal barrier to microbes. The mechanism by which eugenol causes mucus layer thickening likely involves microbial stimulation as analysis of the intestinal microbiota composition showed eugenol treatment led to an increase in abundance of specific families within the Clostridiales order. Further, eugenol treatment confers colonization resistance to the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. These results suggest that eugenol acts to strengthen the mucosal barrier by increasing the thickness of the inner mucus layer, which protects against invading pathogens and disease.


Xs: 6.536408 Ys: 2.7171977 Publish year: 2021 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Sprouting enhances phytonutrients and antioxidants in onion seeds abstract: Consumption of onion seed sprouts is getting popular for its flavour and texture. However, there is limited information on changes in the phytonutrients during sprouting of onion seed. The objective of this study was to determine the temporal variations in the phytonutrient content during the sprouting of onion seeds and to determine the appropriate time of sprouting for better nutrition. Seeds of three onion varieties (Bhima Red, Bhima Raj and Bhima Kiran) were germinated for different periods (5, 10 and 15 days). Changes in phytonutrients and antioxidant potential were analyzed. The highest flavonoids, thiosulfinates, and DPPH activity were observed in 10 days old sprouts, which were 38.78%, 160.71%, and 97.45% higher than seeds. Pyruvic acid, total phenols and ABTS activity was maximum in 15 days old sprouts, which was 682.69%, 189.03%, and 79.38% higher than seeds respectively. The sugars increased initially but declined with sprout age and the lowest levels were recorded in 15 days old sprouts. Sprouting enhanced the health-promoting phytonutrients and antioxidant activity of onion seeds and sprouts harvested at 10 and 15 days had a higher quantity of health-promoting phytonutrients.


Xs: 5.2198267 Ys: 2.779836 Publish year: 2021 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: The Potential of Toll-Like Receptors to Modulate Avian Immune System: Exploring the Effects of Genetic Variants and Phytonutrients abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pathogen recognition receptors, and primitive sources of innate immune response that also play key roles in the defense mechanism against infectious diseases. About 10 different TLRs have been discovered in chicken that recognize ligands and participate in TLR signaling pathways. Research findings related to TLRs revealed new approaches to understand the fundamental mechanisms of the immune system, patterns of resistance against diseases, and the role of TLR-specific pathways in nutrient metabolism in chicken. In particular, the uses of specific feed ingredients encourage molecular biologists to exploit the relationship between nutrients (including different phytochemicals) and TLRs to modulate immunity in chicken. Phytonutrients and prebiotics are noteworthy dietary components to promote immunity and the production of disease-resistant chicken. Supplementations of yeast-derived products have also been extensively studied to enhance innate immunity during the last decade. Such interventions pave the way to explore nutrigenomic approaches for healthy and profitable chicken production. Additionally, single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TLRs have shown potential association with few disease outbreaks in chickens. This review aimed to provide insights into the key roles of TLRs in the immune response and discuss the potential applications of these TLRs for genomic and nutritional interventions to improve health, and resistance against different fatal diseases in chicken.


Xs: 6.3401427 Ys: 3.1951563 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Tomato By-Products, a Source of Nutrients for the Prevention and Reduction of Malnutrition abstract: Malnutrition is a global phenomenon that mainly affects children under five years old, the elderly and food insecure people. It can be linked to undernourishment or overnutrition. To prevent it, a healthy and balanced diet, rich in energy and micronutrients, is necessary. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional composition and contribution of tomato by-products to prevent and reduce malnutrition. Thus, standard methods were used for proximate composition and bioactive compounds. Results showed that tomato by-products are rich in macronutrients and micronutrients capable of preventing undernutrition and reducing the incidence of the effects of overnutrition. The average carbohydrate, protein and lipid contents were 15.43%, 11.71% and 5.4% (DM) in peels and for seeds the contents were 58.75%, 15.4% and 22.2%, respectively. The average energy values were 280.47 kcal/100 g and 472.8 kcal/100 g DM for peels and seeds, respectively. The main minerals found were, in decreasing order, potassium, magnesium, sodium, iron and zinc. High contents of phenolic compounds, lycopene, β-carotene and vitamin C were also found in these by-products. They also presented important antioxidant activities. Due to their nutritional and bioactive compounds, tomato by-products may be included in functional food formulation programs to reduce the incidence of nutritional diseases.


Xs: 6.4964094 Ys: 3.314723 Publish year: 2015 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrient and compositional analysis in traditionally-used Native American edible plants, Yucca whipplei from S. California abstract: Plant derived foods such as fruits and vegetables are rich sources of antioxidants, phenolics and other biologically active components shown to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Traditionally-used Native American edible plants are thought to be rich sources of phytonutrients, antioxidants, and biologically active components, however, research reports providing data on content and processing impacts are sparse. The objective of the study was to measure nutritional and compositional attributes of selected Native American edible plants and plant parts from Southern California including Yucca whipplei fruit pods and blossoms, and Urtica dioica leaves (commonly known as stinging nettle) in fresh, roasted and parboiled samples. Sample analyses of pH, moisture, total soluble solids (TSS), total chlorophyll, total carotene, antioxidant activity and phenolic content were conducted. HPLC chromatographic overlays were also made to illustrate the difference in antioxidant components in the fresh compared to processed plant samples. Total phenolic content was higher in both the fresh blossoms (548.8 mg GAE g-1 DW) and pods (254.7 mg GAE g-1 DW) as compared to cooked blossoms (459.1 mg GAE g-1 DW) and pods (198.1 mg GAE g-1 DW). These results were supported by the HPLC chromatograms that demonstrated differences in type of phenolic compounds and consequent reduced levels following cooking treatments. These plants were found to be rich sources of antioxidant activity and phenolic content, and influenced by processing under the conditions of this study.


Xs: 6.0645547 Ys: 2.5361023 Publish year: 2023 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: A review on health effects of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) on human lifestyle abstract: Thyme is a perennial aromatic herbaceous plant for medicinal, culinary, and for ornamental purposes. Thymus vulgaris is the most prevalent species. Thyme is a member of the genus, Thymus, of the mint family (Lamiaceae). Thyme leaves are one of the richest sources of metallic elements, iron, calcium, manganese, metallic element, and


Xs: 5.6060624 Ys: 2.5855048 Publish year: 2021 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Health-Promoting Phytonutrients Are Higher in Grass-Fed Meat and Milk abstract: While commission reports and nutritional guidelines raise concerns about the effects of consuming red meat on human health, the impacts of how livestock are raised and finished on consumer health are generally ignored. Meat and milk, irrespective of rearing practices, provide many essential nutrients including bioavailable protein, zinc, iron, selenium, calcium, and/or B12. Emerging data indicate that when livestock are eating a diverse array of plants on pasture, additional health-promoting phytonutrients—terpenoids, phenols, carotenoids, and anti-oxidants—become concentrated in their meat and milk. Several phytochemicals found in grass-fed meat and milk are in quantities comparable to those found in plant foods known to have anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and cardioprotective effects. As meat and milk are often not considered as sources of phytochemicals, their presence has remained largely underappreciated in discussions of nutritional differences between feedlot-fed (grain-fed) and pasture-finished (grass-fed) meat and dairy, which have predominantly centered around the ω-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid. Grazing livestock on plant-species diverse pastures concentrates a wider variety and higher amounts of phytochemicals in meat and milk compared to grazing monoculture pastures, while phytochemicals are further reduced or absent in meat and milk of grain-fed animals. The co-evolution of plants and herbivores has led to plants/crops being more productive when grazed in accordance with agroecological principles. The increased phytochemical richness of productive vegetation has potential to improve the health of animals and upscale these nutrients to also benefit human health. Several studies have found increased anti-oxidant activity in meat and milk of grass-fed vs. grain-fed animals. Only a handful of studies have investigated the effects of grass-fed meat and dairy consumption on human health and show potential for anti-inflammatory effects and improved lipoprotein profiles. However, current knowledge does not allow for direct linking of livestock production practices to human health. Future research should systematically assess linkages between the phytochemical richness of livestock diets, the nutrient density of animal foods, and subsequent effects on human metabolic health. This is important given current societal concerns about red meat consumption and human health. Addressing this research gap will require greater collaborative efforts from the fields of agriculture and medicine.


Xs: 5.956494 Ys: 3.451162 Publish year: 2003 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Antioxidant Activity of Blueberry and Other vaccinium Species abstract: Fruits, especially berries are a rich source of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds that are responsible for their protection against oxidative stress. Recent interest in the possible protective effects of dietary antioxidants against human degenerative diseases has prompted investigation of food constituents, including blueberries. The potential health benefits of berries, particularly blueberries are discussed in the context of their antioxidant potential and with reference to blueberries from Canadian crops grown in Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Quebec.


Xs: 5.793584 Ys: 2.800366 Publish year: 2013 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Role of Phytochemicals in Chemoprevention of Cancer: A Review abstract: Cancer is one of the most challenging health problems in the entire world today. It is a complex disease to treat. Even with advances in medical science disciplines such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy there is still no significant progress in its treatment. Conventional cancer therapies evoke severe side effects and in many cases, patients recover from cancer and die due to organ failure and immunosuppression. To redress these anomalies recourse to phytochemicals is advocated. The induction of apoptosis in a neoplastic cell line without affecting normal cells of the body is a key to the use of phytochemicals (chemopreventive agents) which perform a vital function in the battle against cancer. These active phytochemical chemopreventive agents such as sulforaphane, curcumin, gingerol and resveratrol found in fruits and vegetables modulate the molecular targets of cancer and induce cytoprotective enzymes that act in a co-ordinated fashion to detoxify and remove dangerous reactive substances formed by cancer causing agents. In addition, these chemopreventive agents inhibit, retard or reverse multi-stages of carcinogenesis via their anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic properties and also suppress cancer proliferation through induction and stimulation of cell death. Research has shown that they exert these abilities by counteracting certain cell signals that cause genotoxic damage and reduction-oxidation imbalance in cells. This discourse reviews the role of phytochemical chemopreventive agents, benefits and limitations associated with their use in cancer prevention as it portends great promise for normal cell protection.


Xs: 6.5494356 Ys: 3.424869 Publish year: 2018 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Antioxidant Capacity and Phytonutrient Content in the Seed Coat and Cotyledon of Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Various Regions in Mexico abstract: The common bean is a good source of protein and bioactive substances giving it a large antioxidant capacity. The extensive variability of bean genotypes creates the need to characterize them with regard to their nutritional value as a tool in biofortification programs. The purpose of this study was to obtain the antioxidant capacity and phytonutrient content both in the seed coat and the cotyledon of 12 common bean varieties from different regions in Mexico. In the case of the whole seed, lightness (L*), a* (red-purple) and b* (yellow-purple) color coordinates were determined, as well as the chroma and hue angle. In the case of the seed coat and the cotyledon, the protein content, the phytonutrient content and the antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)) were evaluated. A significant difference was observed (p ≤ 0.05) among bean varieties and between seed coat and cotyledon in all variables evaluated. Cotyledon showed a higher content of protein, H, Ni, Zn, Cu, N, P, K S and Mn, while the seed coat showed a higher content of Fe, Ca and Mg and a greater antioxidant capacity (59.99%). The Higuera Azufrado bean variety stood out as having a higher content of N, S and protein. We have concluded that the nutritional characterization performed on Mexican bean varieties represents a valuable tool for genetic enhancement programs and crop biofortification strategies.


Xs: 6.8469324 Ys: 3.3417368 Publish year: 2017 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Proximate Composition, Phytonutrients and Antioxidant Properties of Oven Dried and Vacuum Dried African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) Products abstract: Chrysophyllum albidum has been reported to be a medicinal plant due to its high Vitamin C content and the presence of phytonutrient such as phenols and flavonoids. Freshly harvested African star apple fruits were processed and separated into pulp, seeds and peel and were dried between 60°C to 65°C using different forms of drying technology, specifically Oven drying and Vacuum drying. The dried products were subjected to proximate, elemental and vitamin C analysis. Also, the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the products were determined and their antioxidant potentials explored. Results showed that samples that were vacuum dried retained their nutritional composition, phytonutrient content and antioxidant potentials better than samples that were oven dried. Also, results showed that the seeds appeared to contain more fibre, ash, protein and fat content than all other fruit parts. However, the pulp contained more moisture and Vitamin C content while the peels were the richest in carbohydrates. Results also revealed that the pulp had the highest phytonutrient content and as such exhibited more antioxidant potentials than all other fruit parts.


Xs: 6.776198 Ys: 2.8384943 Publish year: 2018 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of the Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (Litchi Tomato) fruit abstract: The present investigation aimed to establish the qualitative, quantitative parameters for Solanum sisymbriifolium (Family: Solanaceae) fruit through pharmacognostical, physicochemical and phytochemical studies. It is commonly known as Litchi tomato. This plant is perennial under shrub with maximum height of 2 meter. Stem is sub erect with glandular hairs and prickled, bearing small, white, actinomorphic flowers. The pharmacognostical evaluation results showed useful characters for the recognition of S. sisymbriifolium fruit. Transverse section showed presence of lignified, non-lignified fibers, scalariform vessels and oil globules in mesocarp region. Lignified stone cells, endosperm and endocarp are observed in powder microscopy. Physicochemical studies of fruit powder shows, total ash (6.4%), acid insoluble ash (0.5%), alcohol soluble extractive values (23.37%), and water soluble extractive values (26.52%) respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, terpenoids, carbohydrates and glycosides.


Xs: 4.338157 Ys: 2.85925 Publish year: 2023 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Oils as a source of bioactive lipids (olive oil, palm oil, fish oil) abstract: Edible oils are essential energy providers in human diets. However, these oils are also a natural source of bioactive compounds and phytonutrients. This chapter will provide an overview of the bioactive lipids from olive, palm, and fish oils. The nutritional and health benefits of these oils are well documented and frequently associated with their minor lipids, which exhibit significant positive effects on human health. Each oil displays a unique set of lipid families, called lipidome, with bioactive lipids belonging to different classes and with diverse structures and functions. Bioactive lipids, such as polar lipids, prenol lipids, or polyunsaturated fatty acids, have been reported to have health benefits and to prevent the onset of several disorders. The knowledge of the bioactive compounds present in these edible oils is used to develop novel biotechnological applications that incorporate these lipids into functional foods, cosmetic or pharmaceutical innovations to improve human health and well-being.


Xs: 6.5041394 Ys: 2.2852526 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrients and Technological Development in Formulations abstract: Phytomedicines are used by humans since ancient civilizations and is now considered as an important part of traditional and alternative system of medicine. In recent time, phytomedicines have gained special attention based on the fact that a number of current medicines are derived from plant source. Phytochemicals exhibits lesser side effects and are potentially strong therapeutic agents. The global market for herbal drugs is increasing day by day. It has gained widespread acceptance due to its efficacy, accessibility, minimum toxicity, and cost effectiveness. However, solubility, stability and bioavailability are some of the major hindrances in the commercialization process of phytomedicines. Nanotechnology have been potentially productive in improving the solubility, stability, bioavailability, and bioactivity of phytomedicines. Development of nano-phytomedicines or attaching phytomedicines with polymers and modifying their surface properties and permeability have altogether influenced the bioavailability of phytochemicals. Novel formulations like solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, niosomes, dendrimers, nanotube, liposomes, nano-emulsions nanospheres, phytosomes etc. Have been developed loaded with phytomedicines and have shown extraordinary result. This chapter extensively reviews phytomedicines based novel drug delivery systems having potential activity in different diseases like metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, neurological disorders, viral diseases, cancers, inflammatory diseases and wound healing and lastly future prospect is discussed.


Xs: 4.0708804 Ys: 4.9826365 Publish year: 2020 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: PSIV-18 Effects on performance and market weight of DNA 600 Duroc sired pigs when fed diets with a blend of phytonutrients (Lean Fuel) in combination with Narasin (Skycis) abstract: The objective was to determine effects on performance from using Narasin (Skycis, Elanco) or a phytonutrient blend (Lean Fuel, Furst-McNess Company), or used in combination. 856 pigs (40.7±3.1 kg BW) were used in the experiment and pens were blocked by nursery feeding program within block to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement with 8 pens per treatment: 1) Basal Diet met NRC2012 requirements (C), 2) Basal diet + 13.6 g/ton of Narasin throughout the study (Nar), 3) Basal diet + 1.25 kg of Lean Fuel from day 50 of the study to market (LF) and 4) Basal diet + 13.6 g/ton Narasin throughout the study + 1.25 kg of Lean Fuel from day 50 of the study to market (LF+Nar). Carcass data were collected by 3 market cuts (d 78, 92 and 106 of study) shipping 1/3 of pigs from every pen on each cut. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cray, NC) from Day 0 to 50, and as a 2x2 factorial arrangement from Day 50 to market and initial BW was used as covariate. No statistical differences in performance from Day 0 to 50. No difference in mortality: 1.34%, 1.32%, 1.36% and 0% of C, Nar, LF and Nar+LF, respectively. From Day 50 to market, main effect of Narasin improved ADG (1043 g/d vs 1025 g/d, P=0.02), and there was a trend for an interaction with LF (P=0.076), where LF+Nar had the greatest ADG 1055 g/d. Numerical increase in carcass weight for LF (94.92 vs 94.29 kg, P=0.19). Nar and Nar+LF had greater carcass weight for Cut 1 (P=0.072) and Cut 2 (P=0.01) as compared to the other treatments with no difference for Cut 3 and the results are given in Table 1. The results of this trial show improved performance from feeding Nar, and interactive effects on ADG and additive effects on carcass weight when using Nar and LF in combination.


Xs: 6.8807874 Ys: 4.0551605 Publish year: 2018 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrient composition, antioxidant activity and acceptability of muffins incorporated with red capsicum pomace powder abstract: Enzymatic liquefaction (EL) ensures fast extraction and enhanced recovery of bioactives from red capsicum along with reduced degradation of these compounds remained in the pomace. Hence, red capsicum pomace obtained as byproduct after EL was freeze dried to produce capsicum pomace powder (CP). CP had almost 80% of bioactives (total carotenoids 91.23 ± 2.35 mg/100 g) and antioxidant activity (DPPH 1.61 ± 0.12 µmol TE/g) compared to fresh pomace. CP was further used to develop muffins. Different concentrations (2–10%) of CP were mixed in wheat flour for preparation of muffins. Wheat flour was fortified with CP at different levels (2–10%) and subsequently, effect of CP fortification on height, texture, bioactives and sensory quality of muffins was observed. CP fortification improved the quality in terms of color, flavor and texture. During storage, hardness values (34.42–32.56 N) showed decreasing trend with increase in CP content. Overall, 6% CP fortification was found most acceptable without causing significant change in porosity and crust uniformity of fortified muffins. Thus, present study demonstrated that fortification of muffins with 6% CP as functional ingredient offers an opportunity to develop quality muffins with enhanced antioxidant activity (DPPH 13.04 ± 0.02 µmol TE/g) and total carotenoids (3.46 ± 2.41 mg/100 g).


Xs: 6.7586064 Ys: 3.481538 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Physicochemical characteristics acylglycerols and phytonutrients composition of fat from few selected Indian grown vegetable and fruit seeds as new source of edible oil abstract: The physic-chemical characteristics of fat from a few selected vegetable and fruit seeds were studied to evaluate the fats for edible applications. The fat extracted from ash gourd seeds (ASF), pumpkin seeds (PSF), tomato seeds (TSF), date fruit seeds (DSF), and jack fruit seeds (JSF), were analyzed for moisture, fat content, fatty acid composition and later only three seeds with a higher fat content were taken up for further studies. These had fat 0.89-54.5%; linoleic (9.4-72.8%), oleic (4.1-43.8%), palmitic (10.8-35.4%), lauric(0-18.6%), stearic(1.8-8.5%), linolenic(0.1-3.9%)+other acids; unsaponifiable matter 0.48-5.0%; free fatty acids 2.7-8.4%, peroxide value 5.9-11.8 meq O 2 /Kg, saponification value 196.4-236.1 mg KOH/g, iodine value 107.6-135.3 gI 2 /100g, triacylglycerols 70.7-86.6%, diacylglycerols 10.6-17.9%, monoacylglycerols 0.1-2.9%, TAGs LLL n (13.8-33. phytonutrients viz., tocopherols (42-141.9mg%), phenolics (1.3-4.3mg%) and carotenoids (1.3-3.4mg%). These chemical constituents are normally present in all edible oils and hence could be new source of edible oil.


Xs: 5.4775534 Ys: 2.3568668 Publish year: 2023 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Nutrient synergy: definition, evidence, and future directions abstract: Nutrient synergy refers to the concept that the combined effects of two or more nutrients working together have a greater physiological impact on the body than when each nutrient is consumed individually. While nutrition science traditionally focuses on isolating single nutrients to study their effects, it is recognized that nutrients interact in complex ways, and their combined consumption can lead to additive effects. Additionally, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) provide guidelines to prevent nutrient deficiencies and excessive intake but are not designed to assess the potential synergistic effects of consuming nutrients together. Even the term synergy is often applied in different manners depending on the scientific discipline. Considering these issues, the aim of this narrative review is to investigate the potential health benefits of consuming different nutrients and nutrient supplements in combination, a concept we define as nutrient synergy, which has gained considerable attention for its impact on overall well-being. We will examine how nutrient synergy affects major bodily systems, influencing systemic health. Additionally, we will address the challenges associated with promoting and conducting research on this topic, while proposing potential solutions to enhance the quality and quantity of scientific literature on nutrient synergy.


Xs: 7.1435337 Ys: 2.9931002 Publish year: 2011 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Bioactive phytonutrients (omega fatty acids, tocopherols, polyphenols), in vitro inhibition of nitric oxide production and free radical scavenging activity of non-cultivated Mediterranean vegetables abstract: Hydroalcoholic extracts from 18 non-cultivated vegetables traditionally consumed in Southern Italy were tested for their free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) in the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical) screening assay and for their in vitro inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. The strongest activity was shown for Rubus caesius (leaves), Mentha spicata subsp. glabra (leaves) and Origanum vulgare subsp. viridulum (stems and leaves) with IC50 values of 5, 6, 8μg/ml, respectively. Extracts from non-cultivated Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum (seeds), Amaranthus retroflexus (leaves) and M. spicata subsp. glabra (leaves) showed high in vitro inhibition of nitric oxide production, with an activity comparable to a reference drug, indomethacin. A significant cytotoxic effect was shown for the seeds of F. vulgare subsp. piperitum. A. retroflexus (leaves) presented the highest content in linoleic acid. R. caesius and M. spicata subsp. glabra had relatively high polyphenols content, 482 and 334mg/g of extract, respectively.


Xs: 5.9780893 Ys: 2.8450224 Publish year: 2014 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Selective anti-cancer effects of palm phytonutrients on human breast cancer cells abstract: Palm oil contains a number of phytonutrients. To date, most of the studies using palm phytonutrients have
focused on palm vitamin E. The objective of this study was to compare the anti-cancer activities of four
major palm phytonutrients, namely tocotrienol-rich fraction, carotenoids, squalene and co-enzyme Q10
using some cell-based assays. Two human breast cancer cell lines, the highly aggressive triple-negative
MDA-MB-231 and the estrogen-dependent MCF-7 cells, were treated with these palm phytonutrients to
determine their anti-cancer effects. Palm vitamin E exhibited higher ability to induce cell death by
apoptosis in both human breast cancer cells compared to the other palm phytonutrients (carotenoids,
squalene and co-enzyme Q10), which was absent in normal NIH/3T3 cells. In addition, there was higher
cleavage of the poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) enzyme in palm vitamin Etreated
MDA-MB-231 cells compared to the other phytonutrients. All the tested palm phytonutrients
suppressed the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-kB)
protein in the breast cancer cells exposed briefly to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a). Palm
phytonutrients possess varying extent of anti-cancer effects on the human breast cancer cells.


Xs: 6.449756 Ys: 3.2145016 Publish year: 2011 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Effect of leaf position on the distribution of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity among green and red lettuce cultivars abstract: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in consumption of red fruits and vegetables due to its rich dietary sources of antioxidant, phenolics and anthocyanins. In this study, phytochemical and antioxidant properties of green and red lettuce cultivars were studied. Particularly, the effect of leaf position on these properties was compared. Eight conventionally grown cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), with four green (Fonseca, Freckles, Krizet and Filipus) and four red (Versai, Nation, Paradai and Cherokee) cultivars were studied. Their leaves were divided into three groups; outer, middle and inner part. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of each group of leaves was assessed by both trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Leafcolor, total soluble solids, total phenolics (TP), total anthocyanin (TACY), chlorophyll a and b were determined. The results demonstrated that outer leaves have the highest phytonutrient content and antioxidant properties. Outer leaves exhibited significantly higher TP and TAC than middle and inner leaves in both red and green color lettuce. The average TP content of red lettuce were 845, 297 and 195 μg gallic acid equivalent per gram fresh weight in the outer, middle and inner leaves, respectively. Also TAC of outer leaves was significantly higher than middle and inner leaves in both red and green color lettuce. The magnitude of difference between red and green cultivars was sigificant as determined by both TEAC and FRAP methods.


Xs: 6.247243 Ys: 2.4023309 Publish year: 2006 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Impact of Cultivar and Production Practices on Yield and Phytonutrient Content of Organically Grown Watermelon abstract: Cultural practices can affect quality and phytonutrient content of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai]. Knowing which cultivars perform well under various production systems, and how these systems affect quality, yield, and phytonutrient content is imperative to ensure high quality and yield. There is limited information on how watermelon cultivars perform when grown with organic practices. Production characteristics of six watermelon cultivars from certified organic seed sources were compared under high (black plastic and mechanical cultivation for weed control) and low input (no-till) organic culture. The high input production method almost doubled the number of fruit produced for all cultivars; producing greater yields and heavier average fruit weights, but fruit had decreased quality (lower Brix and lycopene content) compared with the low-input production. ‘Triple Star’ was the most productive seedless cultivar in terms of number of fruit in both organic fields and had the highest marketable yield in the low-input field. ‘Early Moonbeam’ produced the largest number of fruit and the smallest fruit of the seeded cultivars. ‘Allsweet’, a seeded cultivar, had the highest marketable yield due to its larger size. ‘Triple Star’ had the highest quality (high lycopene and Brix content) in the low input field, but all triploid cultivars had similar quality aspects in the high input field. Among seeded cultivars, ‘Allsweet’ had the best quality at both locations; however, average lycopene content/fruit under low-input production was not significantly different when compared with ‘Sugar Baby’.


Xs: 2.9806838 Ys: 3.8047636 Publish year: 2023 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Bioactive phytochemicals and their potential roles in modulating gut microbiota abstract: Dietary phytochemicals, including polyphenols, sulfur-containing compounds, terpenoids, polysaccharides, saponins, pigments, and phytohaemagglutinins, have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and cancer-preventive or therapeutic properties. Upon entering the body, these compounds pass through the stomach, liver, small intestine, and colon in that order. Bacteria play an important role in the absorption and processing of dietary phytochemicals in the small intestine and in the large intestine. However, the specific processes by which dietary phytochemicals are absorbed and metabolized in the host colon have not been elucidated. This paper describes the metabolism of phytochemicals (including polyphenols, terpenoids, and plant organosulfides) in the colon and describes the roles played by these dietary phytochemicals in the colon, with emphasis on their effects on the gut microbiota. Upon entry into the host, phytochemicals are absorbed and metabolized mainly in the colon, and the differences in their absorption and metabolism are largely due to differences in the colonic microbiota. Moreover, phytochemicals can be absorbed in the intestine by acting on them through enzymes produced by intestinal cells and stem cells, or by interacting with the intestinal flora, thus ameliorating the associated diseases.


Xs: 6.514199 Ys: 3.3173685 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Polyphenols Content, Antioxidant Properties and Allergenic Potency of Organic and Conventional Blue Honeysuckle Berries abstract: Blue honeysuckle berries are a rich source of polyphenols with strong antioxidant properties. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of organic and conventional cultivation on the polyphenols, antioxidant and allergenic potency of blue honeysuckle berry cultivars: ‘No 30′, ‘Jolanta’ and ‘Indygo’ in two growing seasons. Identification of individual polyphenols was performed using the HPLC method; the total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The determination of allergic potency was tested by ELISA. In the second year of the study the total polyphenols were significantly higher in organic blue honeysuckle than in the conventional blue honeysuckle. In both growing seasons, the ‘Indygo’ cv. was characterized by the highest concentration of all bioactive compounds 3241.9 mg and 3787.2 mg per 100 g−1 D.W. A strong correlation was found between the polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity for organic fruit in both years, as well as for allergenic potency. Contrary to the best bioactive properties was ‘Indigo’ cv., with the highest allergenic potency (108.9 and 139.2 ng g−1 D.W.). The lowest content of specific allergens was found in the ‘No 30′ cv. Since honeysuckle is still a new cultivated plant, information about its allergenic potency is insufficient.


Xs: 4.9185033 Ys: 0.96396035 Publish year: 2021 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Water–Food–Energy Nexus in the Context of Climate Change: Developing a Water Security Index for Water Resource Management in Vietnam abstract: Reasonable distribution of water for agricultural and electricity production is pivotal for economic development, environmental protection, and social equality, and this task is becoming more challenging. This is because the demand for water, food, and energy has increased significantly recently due to population growth, higher standards of living, and industrialization, especially in developing countries like Vietnam. Agricultural activities in Vietnam account for about 20% of GDP, and the total freshwater consumption is up to approximately 70% for the irrigation of agricultural cultivation, making it the largest water consumer. Food production and manufacturing processes also consume about 20% of the total energy production. Energy is necessary for food production, transportation, and distribution as well as extracting, pumping, collecting, transporting, and treating water. Consequently, Vietnam confronts with the problems of water, food, and energy shortages if these links are not thoroughly addressed. Additionally, climate change, causing the alteration of weather conditions, will exacerbate a range of risks to water, food, and energy. Study results to deliver a comprehensive review of water, food, and energy nexus in Vietnam and to propose using water security index and coupled water–energy–food modeling for better water resources management plans in the context of climate change.


Xs: 5.718474 Ys: 1.7162566 Publish year: 2023 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Improvement of nutritional quality of food crops with fertilizer: a global meta-analysis abstract: Providing the world's population with sufficient and nutritious food through sustainable food systems is a major challenge of the twenty-first century. Fertilizer use is a major driver of crop yield, but a comprehensive synthesis of the effect of fertilizer on the nutritional quality of food crops is lacking. Here we performed a comprehensive global meta-analysis using 7859 data pairs from 551 field experiment-based articles published between 1972 and 2022, assessing the contribution of fertilization with a wide set of plant nutrients to the nutritional quality of food crops (i.e., fruits, vegetables, cereals, pulses/oil crops, and sugar crops). On average, fertilizer application improved crop yield by 30.9% (CI: 28.2-33.7%) and nutritional quality (referring to all nutritionally relevant components assessed; carbohydrates, proteins, oil, vitamin C, representative mineral nutrients, and total soluble solids) by 11.9% (CI: 10.7-12.1%). The improvements were largely nutrient-and crop species dependent, with vegetables being the most responsive. Potassium, magnesium, and micronutrients played important roles in promoting crop nutritional quality, whereas the combined application of inorganic and organic source(s) had the greatest impact on quality. Desirable climatic conditions and soil properties (i.e., silt loam, soil organic matter 2.5-5.0%, and pH 4.5-8.5) supported further enhancements. Considering cross-continent responsiveness, the increase in the nutritional quality of food crops with fertilizer application was greatest in Africa. In a nutshell, our findings pave the way towards a quantitative understanding of nutrient management programs and responsible plant nutrition solutions that foster the sustainable production of nutritious and healthy food crops for human consumption.


Xs: 6.3619423 Ys: 2.9778001 Publish year: 2020 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Feasibility study for the surface prediction and mapping of phytonutrients in minimally processed rocket leaves (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) during storage by hyperspectral imaging abstract: A comprehensive study of the feasibility of hyperspectral imaging in visible (400–1000 nm) and near infrared (900–1700 nm) regions was investigated for prediction and concentration mapping of Vitamin C, ascorbic acid (AA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) and phenols in wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) over a storage span of 12 days at 5 °C. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) with different data pretreatments and wavelength selection resulted in satisfactory predictions for all parameters in the NIR range except DHAA. Prediction models were used for concentration mapping to follow changes over time. The prediction maps will be comprehensively study to assess the pixel to pixel variation within the rocket leaves. The PLSR models for Vitamin C, AA and phenols yielded an R² of 0.76, 0.73 and 0.78, respectively in external prediction with root mean square errors approximately equivalent to those of reference analysis. Conclusively, hyperspectral imaging, with the correct mapping approach, can be a useful tool for the prediction and mapping of phytonutrients in wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) over time.


Xs: 6.1501184 Ys: 2.6505013 Publish year: 2021 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Nutritional Quality of Colored Vegetables: A review abstract: Vegetables are a crucial part of the human diet and a major source of biologically active substances, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. Coloured vegetables are rich in all these and are great sources of antioxidants. An easy way to get a complete range of vitamins and minerals is by eating a diversity of colourful foods which our body needs to thrive. Mainly these five types (Red, Orange/Yellow, White/Brown, Green, Blue/Purple) of vegetables cover almost all the vegetables which consume in our diet daily basis. For people suffering from atherosclerosis, hypertension, and high cholesterol, red vegetables are the best option to get higher antioxidants, Lycopene, and ellagic acid fight against cancer. Vitamin C boosts overall immunity. Carotenoids in yellow colour vegetables are good for healthy eyesight. Blue vegetables provide flavonoids. White/brown veggies, like green vegetables, are high in phytonutrients. Folate in green vegetables helps to prevent congenital disabilities in pregnant women. Different diseases can be avoided by eating a variety of coloured vegetables in the right proportions. Consuming coloured vegetables is not only vital but also necessary to reap all of the health advantages. This article makes a review and discussion on the nutritional quality of major types of colourful vegetables.


Xs: 5.356591 Ys: 2.5791934 Publish year: 2018 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Diet and Psychosis: A Scoping Review abstract: Introduction:
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) represent a cluster of severe mental illnesses. Diet has been identified as a modifiable risk factor and opportunity for intervention in many physical illnesses and more recently in mental illnesses such as unipolar depression; however, no dietary guidelines exist for patients with SSD.

Objective:
This review sought to systematically scope the existing literature in order to identify nutritional interventions for the prevention or treatment of mental health symptoms in SSD as well as gaps and opportunities for further research.

Methods:
This review followed established methodological approaches for scoping reviews including an extensive a priori search strategy and duplicate screening. Because of the large volume of results, an online program (Abstrackr) was used for screening and tagging. Data were extracted based on the dietary constituents and analyzed.

Results:
Of 55,330 results identified by the search, 822 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Observational evidence shows a connection between the presence of psychotic disorders and poorer quality dietary patterns, higher intake of refined carbohydrates and total fat, and lower intake or levels of fibre, ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, vegetables, fruit, and certain vitamins and minerals (vitamin B12 and B6, folate, vitamin C, zinc, and selenium). Evidence illustrates a role of food allergy and sensitivity as well as microbiome composition and specific phytonutrients (such as L-theanine, sulforaphane, and resveratrol). Experimental studies have demonstrated benefit using healthy diet patterns and specific vitamins and minerals (vitamin B12 and B6, folate, and zinc) and amino acids (serine, lysine, glycine, and tryptophan).

Discussion:
Overall, these findings were consistent with many other bodies of knowledge about healthy dietary patterns. Many limitations exist related to the design of the individual studies and the ability to extrapolate the results of studies using dietary supplements to dietary interventions (food). Dietary recommendations are presented as well as recommendations for further research including more prospective observational studies and intervention studies that modify diet constituents or entire dietary patterns with statistical power to detect mental health outcomes.


Xs: 5.6978765 Ys: 1.6621794 Publish year: 2008 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Educating for Evolving Consciousness: Voicing the E-mergency for Love, Life and Wisdom abstract: This chapter takes as its starting point the notion that human consciousness is evolving beyond the boundaries of formal,
reductionist modes of thinking. The emergence of new modes of thinking and new knowledge patterns is discussed via discourses
that identify postformal reasoning, integral thinking, and planetary consciousness. The chapter explores the theoretical relationships
between several themes arising from the evolution of consciousness literature and a diversity of postformal educational approaches.
Four core pedagogical values emerge from the intersection between these two clusters: love, life, wisdom, and voice. These
core values are elucidated theoretically in relation to philosophies of education and practically through examples from the art of education. They are offered as pedagogical seeds for evolving consciousness through education in the 21st century.


Xs: 5.698742 Ys: 1.6926631 Publish year: 2007 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Exploring the Benefits of Organic Nutrient Sources for Crop Production and Soil Quality abstract: ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. organic, nutrient sources, soil quality, health benefits, environment SUMMARY. Consumer demand for organically grown produce has increased dra-matically over the past decade, most likely because of the perceived benefits to the environment and human health. A major component of organic production is providing organic sources of nutrients to promote plant growth as well as sustain soil quality. Organic nutrition of plants can present opportunities and challenges to the grower. The primary objective of this article is to review scientifically based information dealing with the effects of organic nutrient sources on crop yields and quality, soil properties, and environmental risks. Effects of organic nutrient sources are often evaluated by comparison with conventional production, but this approach can be problematic because nutrient source may be confounded with many other cropping system components. Despite these drawbacks, a careful examination of the literature suggests the following conclusions. Soil quality is generally improved with application of organic nutrient sources, but careful management is required to avoid environmental risks of nitrate (NO 3) leaching and phosphorus accumulation. Provided that nutrient supply is equal, yields with organic sources tend to be similar to those with inorganic sources. However, lack of available nitrogen (N) that is synchronous with plant demand often limits yields in organic cropping systems. Limited N availability and varied supply of other nutrients from organic sources may contribute to the differences sometimes observed in dry matter content, tissue NO 3 and mineral concentration, vitamin C and other phytochemicals, and taste. Phytonutrient content also may be affected by differences in pest control strategies among cropping systems regardless of nutrient source. There is a slight, but significantly, increased risk of produce contamination by Escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria contamination on produce when organic nutrient sources are used, but if proper guidelines are followed, contamination with the lethal serotype O157:H7 does not appear to be a major concern. Appropriate management of organic inputs is critical to achieving potential benefits for crop production and soil quality. T he use of organic farming tech-niques to grow crops has gained in popularity in recent years as a result of both an increase in consumer demand for organically grown produce and a genuine desire on the part of many growers to sus-tain or improve the soil (Dimitri and Greene, 2002). Now, organic produce generally commands a higher price than conventional produce (Oberholtzer et al., 2005), prompt-ing producers to grow crops organi-cally. The increased consumer demand appears to be driven primarily by the perception that organically grown produce is safer and more nutri-tious to eat than produce grown con-ventionally (Lockie et al., 2002; Williams and Hammitt, 2001). Ever since mainstream agricul-ture switched from more natural nutrient sources such as manure or compost to chemically manufactured synthetic fertilizers over the past 60 to 70 years, there has been much debate about the effect that these nutrient sources have on crop and soil quality. In a review over 30 years ago on this subject, Barker (1975) concluded that both organic and synthetic fertil-izers have a role in agriculture and the good points of each should be acknowledged. Before and since that time, many studies have been con-ducted in an attempt to quantify dif-ferences in crop and soil attributes resulting from conventional and organic production methods.


Xs: 6.062587 Ys: 2.804861 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Date Palm as Source of Nutraceuticals for Health Promotion: a Review abstract: Purpose of Review
Chronic diseases are problematic to health professional specially when using drugs throughout the course of life with un-tolerated side effects. Returning to nature through using nutraceuticals might have both protective and therapeutic effects. Date palm was claimed to be a good source of such nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients. The purpose of the present review was to spot light on the different phytochemicals, phytonutrients, and remedial effects of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) in a goal to be utilized in form of nutraceuticals. The possible mechanisms of action of the remedial effects were among the aim of the study.

Recent Findings
A protein hydrolyzate prepared from date seed could prevent DNA mutation and susceptibility to cancer. In addition to cancer prevention, date palm fruit improved the treatment outcome of cancer pediatric patients and possesses anti-angiogenic activity as one of the important anticancer mechanisms of action. On the other hand, date seed extracts was recently reported to protect from ulcerative colitis. It seems that all the aforementioned remedial effect might be ascribed to immunoregulatory effect of date palm. These findings proposed that date palm is beneficial for health.

Summary
Date palm fruit is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers, energy, and easily digestible and absorbable sugars that instantaneously replenish and revitalize the body specially after fasting condition. Mineral contents in date fruits include potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium. Diverse health claims were reported to belong to various parts of the tree including the edible part of fruits, the seeds, the leaves, spathe (an envelope-like structure that encloses male and female date palm flowers), and pollen grains due to the presence of different bioactive constituents. The main phytochemicals and phytonutrients reported in date palms are phenolic compounds, carotenoids, sterols, anthocyanins, and others. In folk medicine, date palm fruits are used for enhancing immunity and treating gastrointestinal tract disorders, edema, bronchitis, wound, cancer, as well as infectious diseases. However, the exact health benefits and remedial effects of date palm were not fully and deeply investigated. The present review focused on the bioactive constituents and the reported health benefits of date palm and proposed mechanism of action.


Xs: 6.8166575 Ys: 4.434034 Publish year: 2016 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Improvement of Phytonutrients and Antioxidant Properties of Wheat Bran by Yeast Fermentation abstract: Introduction: Utilizing nonedible part of food crop as functional food components has received more attention in recent years. Wheat bran is a reservoir of several health beneficial components. But due to the presence of non-starch polysaccharides in the cell wall, the bioavailability of phytonutrients will be very low. Our main objective is to understand the effect of fermentation by Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on Phytonutrients and antioxidant properties of wheat bran.

Methods: The wheat bran is subjected to fermentation with Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for 24h time period. Later the variations in the Phytonutrients and antioxidant properties of fermented wheat bran was analysed and compared with that of control.

Results: It was found that the soluble, bound and total polyphenol content was increased by 48%, 21.5% and 34% respectively and flavonoid content was increased by 20%. Anti-nutritional compounds such as tannins were reduced by 35%. Due to enhancement of phytonutrients components such as polyphenols and flavonoids, the in-vitro total antioxidant capacity was also increased by 2 folds, whereas the free radical scavenging was enhanced by 56% compared to control samples.

Conclusion: This findings shows that, with the aid of fermentation process modification in structural and functional properties of bran can be achieved and thus the bioprocessed bran can be used as the ingredient for functional food preparation.


Xs: 7.3542056 Ys: 2.7226698 Publish year: 2015 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrient Analysis in Terminalia catappa Fruit Flesh, Nut, Shell abstract: Terminalia catappa fruit is rich in phytochemicals and nutrients which contribute to the therapeutic potential. Fruit as a whole is very tasty but the curiosity in analyzing the flesh and seed separately made an attempt to do this work. The present study was carried out for the presence of phytochemicals, phytonuutrients, behavior with different chemicals, fluorescence as well as percent yield. Phytochemicals such as carbohydrate, alkaloids, glycosides, saponin, flavonoid, tannin and phenolic compounds, Protein and amino acids whereas, yellow and green fluorescence was observed with nut, flesh. The percent yield observed was 12.912, 09.086, 08.122. The carbohydrate content calculated was high with flesh 94.66±9.23mg/g and protein was higher in 13.95±0.30mg/g and nut contains moderate amount of amino acids. From the result it is concluded that Terminalia catappa fruit flesh, nut might be a potential source for the generation of herbal drug


Xs: 7.181678 Ys: 4.0853963 Publish year: 2013 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Production of Palm Oil with methane avoidance at Palm Oil Mill: A case study of cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment abstract: The study discusses a case study of cradle to gate life cycle assessment for the production of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with methane avoidance at palm oil mill. The improved milling process enables total utilization of the oil palm fruit to produce alow oil palm based food source. The minimal modification in the mill includes cleaning of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) and obtaining the low oil food source from the aqueous stream. The oil palm fruit processing plant enables the significant reduction of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) such as methane and carbon dioxide emissions by avoiding the formation of liquid biomass in the form of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). The attributional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) shows the improved milling process contributes to significant reduction of GHG emission from palm oil mills as compared to the process of capturing biogas from POME. The palm based food source contains phytonutrients, namely carotenoids, tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienols) and water soluble polyphenols.


Xs: 6.805968 Ys: 3.209034 Publish year: 2021 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytochemical Analysis of the Desert Date Balanites aegyptiaca abstract: Phytochemical analysis of the mesocarp of eleven morphologically different individuals of Balanites aegyptiaca was assessed. The antioxidant activity of their methanol extracts was also evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used in combination with the metabolome detected by spectrophotometer of the evaluated individuals to distinguish between them. HCA separated the eleven individuals of Balanites aegyptiaca into to three groups according to the metabolites content and total antioxidant capacity of their extracts. Group 1 is characterized with higher content of carbohydrates and lower content of other detected metabolites and antioxidant capacity. Group 2 is characterized with moderate contents of the detected metabolites, whereas Group 3 is characterized with higher contents of all detected secondary metabolites, total antioxidant capacity and strong DPPH radical scavenging. Total antioxidant capacity showed a positive correlation with total proteins, phenolics, saponins and DPPH radical scavenging activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed a positive correlation with total proteins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total saponins, and negatively correlated with total carbohydrates. To our knowledge, this is the first report underlying the metabolomic of morphologically different B. aegyptiaca fruits using metabolome combined with multivariate data analysis.


Xs: 2.0291743 Ys: 2.4105802 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__complex_carbohydrates_diet source: Thai title: The Research Review of the Association between 2 Types of Carbohydrates (Natural and Refined Carbohydrates) and Sleep Quality in Humans abstract: The rising prevalence of insomnia has inspired this research on identifying the best food for improving sleep quality in humans. However, there is still no direct evidence to conclude specific food recommendations for sleep. Therefore, this study’s objective is to unravel the relationship between diets, particularly carbohydrate foods, and sleep. Following PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, which focuses mainly on the effects of natural and refined carbohydrates on sleep in order to avoid redundancy with previous reviews. The findings suggest that diets rich in natural carbohydrates, such as kiwi fruits, tart cherries, rice, and milk, enhance sleep quality. White rice, with its complex carbohydrate structure, increases REM sleep and reduces SWS. On the contrary, processed carbohydrates found in noodles, confectionery, carbonated drinks, and processed foods are positively associated with sleep disruptions due to greater insulin response and reduced tryptophan availability. In conclusion, natural carbohydrates have a positive impact on sleep, while refined carbohydrates and specific carbohydrate-containing foods may have negative effects. However, the multifaceted roles of sleep-inducing hormones and their crucial contribution to the circadian rhythm should also be considered aside from the mechanism of carbohydrates in sleep.


Xs: 3.443319 Ys: 0.74345404 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__complex_carbohydrates_diet source: Thai title: DIET, BODY MASS INDEX AND DENTAL CARIES AMONG THAI CHILDREN AGED 3 TO 5 YEARS abstract: Early childhood caries (ECC) can cause pain and interfere with healthy
nutrition affecting a child growth. The aim of this study was to determine if there
is an association between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) among Thai
children aged 3 to 5 years. We randomly selected 100 students attending Suan
Missakawan School, Bangkok, Thailand. We examined each child to determine the
number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) giving a DMFT score. We also
measured the height and weight for each subject and calculated their body mass
index (BMI) as weight in kilograms divided by height in meter squared. Parents
or guardians were asked to complete a questionnaire asking general information
and the diet of the child. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using the
Kruskal-Wallis test. Associations between caries and variables were examined
using the Spearman’s correlation with significance set at p<0.05. The mean (±SD)
age of the subject, the mean (±SD) DMFT score of the subject and the mean (±SD)
BMI for the subjects were 4.21(±0.71) years old, 5.27(±4.78) and 16.46(±2.56) kg/
m2, respectively. Seventy-one percent of subjects had a normal BMI, 25% were
overweight and 4% were underweight. Eighteen percent had no caries (DMFT
score=0), 32% had a few caries (DMFT score=0.1-3.0), 14% had many caries (DMFT
scores=3.1-6.9), and 36% had very many caries (DMFT≥7). The DMFT score was
not significantly associated with a history of sugar consumption or BMI. The
DMFT score was significantly negatively associated with estimated fat consumption
and estimated iron consumption based on the diet reported by the parents or
guardians. Further studies are needed to determine if these reported diets reflect
actual consumption and if the associations are still significant.


Xs: 3.4810967 Ys: 0.5710847 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__complex_carbohydrates_diet source: Thai title: Trends of increases in potential risk factors and prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus in Thailand abstract: Over the past three decades, undernutrition in Thailand has drastically reduced by over seven times. However, since 1995 the number of patients afflicted with non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, has rapidly increased, even among the young. Unhealthy life styles due to urbanization are a major reason for this increase. Less physical activity and low consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as high consumption of added free sugar, are common. Every year, the Thai people increase their consumption of energy from fat and protein, while lowering their intake of energy from complex carbohydrates. Per capita and on average, a Thai individual consumes up to 20% of total energy from added free sugar. Barker’s hypothesis and Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis (DOHaD) can partially explain the increase in diabetes mellitus at this rapid rate. To alleviate the problem, the main strategy has been consumer education to reduce diabetes mellitus prevalence. Sugar elimination from infant formula is mandatory and sugar taxation is being considered. Simplified nutrition labeling is voluntarily as part of consumer education, as well as encouraging food industries to produce healthier food products. Currently, a multi-sectoral approach is used for alleviating diabetes mellitus in Thailand.


Xs: 3.4772158 Ys: 0.88788706 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__complex_carbohydrates_diet source: Thai title: Association Between Diet and Acne Severity: A Cross-sectional Study in Thai Adolescents and Adults abstract: The association between diet and acne has been growing in concern. Every country has its own food culture. A few studies surveyed the influence of Asian cuisine on acne. This study investigated the association between acne severity and diet/lifestyle factors in 2,467 Thai adolescents and adults. The data were collected from the validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The prevalence of mild acne was 52%, moderate acne was 22%, and 8% severe acne in Thai adolescents and adults. No acne was found in 18% of participants. The dietary factors associated with increased acne severity were the consumption of chocolate >100 grams/weeks (aOR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07-1.56), oily and fried food >3 times/week (aOR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.07-3.16) and white rice (aOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.24-2.63). On the contrary, the factors associated with decreased acne severity were the consumption of sugar-free tea (aOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.43-0.87), and vegetables (aOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62-0.89).


Xs: 3.511924 Ys: 0.672044 Publish year: 2008 keyword: thai__complex_carbohydrates_diet source: Thai title: Development of nutrition education tool: Healthy eating index in Thailand abstract: A healthful diet can reduce major risk factors for chronic diseases. To assess the dietary status of Thais and monitor changes in food consumption patterns, the Healthy Eating Index for Thais (THEI) is developed, an important tool for meeting the nutrition goals and determining people's overall diet quality. This index measures how well the diets of Thai people conform to the recommendations of the Food Guide Thailand Nutrition Flag. The THEI consists of 11 components, each representing different aspects of a healthful diet: Components 1-5 measure the degree to which a person's diet conforms to serving recommendations for the five major food groups of Thailand Nutrition Flag; Components 6, 7 and 8 measure total fat, saturated fat and added sugar consumption, respectively; Components 9 and 10 measure total cholesterol and sodium intake; and Component 11 examines variety in a person's diet. Each of the 11 components has a score ranging from 0 to 10, for a total score of 110. The dietary intake data from selected working adults were collected to derive the THEI scores. The average THEI score indicated that the diets of most people needed improvement and some individuals were more likely than others to consume a poor diet. This suggests a continued role for nutrition education and promotion efforts should result in a significant improvement of people's overall diet quality. In conclusion, the THEI is an useful index for describing overall diet quality for Thais and serves as a basic tool for providing nutrition education and promotion.