Xs: 4.3572288 Ys: 2.6531367 Publish year: 2009 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Hypolipidemic effects of proanthocyanidins and their underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms abstract: Proanthocyanidins are the most abundant polyphenols in human diets. Epidemiological studies strongly suggest that proanthocyanidins protect against cardiovascular diseases. Despite the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of these flavonoids, one of the mechanisms by which proanthocyanidins exert their cardiovascular protection is improving lipid homeostasis. Animal studies demonstrate that proanthocyanidins reduce the plasma levels of atherogenic apolipoprotein B-triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and LDL-cholesterol but increase antiatherogenic HDL-cholesterol. The results in humans, however, are less clear. This review summarizes the results that have been published on plasma triglyceride, apolipoprotein B, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in humans and animal models in response to proanthocyanidin extracts and proanthocyanidin-rich foods. The physiological processes and biochemical pathways that are related to lipid homeostasis and affected by proanthocyanidin consumption are also discussed. Intestinal lipid absorption, chylomicron secretion by the intestine and VLDL secretion by the liver are the processes that are most repressed by proanthocyanidins, which, therefore, induce hypolipidemic effects.


Xs: 3.5091388 Ys: 2.5967445 Publish year: 2017 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Determinants of HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity after Virgin Olive Oil Ingestion: Interrelationships With Fluidity of HDL Monolayer abstract: Scope:
Cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL (CEC) is inversely associated with cardiovascular risk. HDL composition, fluidity, oxidation, and size are related with CEC. We aimed to assess which HDL parameters were CEC determinants after virgin olive oil (VOO) ingestion.

Methods and results:
Post-hoc analyses from the VOHF study, a crossover intervention with three types of VOO. We assessed the relationship of 3-week changes in HDL-related variables after intervention periods with independence of the type of VOO. After univariate analyses, mixed linear models were fitted with variables related with CEC and fluidity. Fluidity and Apolipoprotein (Apo)A-I content in HDL was directly associated, and HDL oxidative status inversely, with CEC. A reduction in free cholesterol, an increase in triglycerides in HDL, and a decrease in small HDL particle number or an increase in HDL mean size, were associated to HDL fluidity.

Conclusions:
HDL fluidity, ApoA-I concentration, and oxidative status are major determinants for CEC after VOO. The impact on CEC of changes in free cholesterol and triglycerides in HDL, and those of small HDL or HDL mean size, could be mechanistically linked through HDL fluidity. Our work points out novel therapeutic targets to improve HDL functionality in humans through nutritional or pharmacological interventions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Xs: 3.7438731 Ys: 2.580039 Publish year: 2011 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Soy products as healthy and functional foods abstract: Over the recent decades, researchers have documented the health benefits of soy protein, especially for those who take soy protein daily. Soy products offer a considerable appeal for a growing segment of consumers with certain dietary and health concerns. It is quite evident that soy products do reduce the risks of developing various age-related chronic diseases and epidemiologic data strongly suggest that populations that regularly consume soy products have reduced incidence and prevalence of the aforementioned age-related conditions and diseases than populations that eat very little soy. The subject of what specific components is responsible for the plethora of reported health benefits of soybean remains a strong controversial issue, as the scientific community continues to understand what component(s) in soy is /are responsible for its health benefits. Soy constituents' benefits mostly relate to the reduction of cholesterol levels and menopause symptoms and the reduction of the risk for several chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease and osteoporosis. A variety of soy products are available on the market with different flavors and textures and a low-fat, nutritionally balanced diet can be developed from them. This article summarized the beneficial health, nutritional and functional properties of the soy ingredients and intends to illustrate the most current knowledge with a consciousness to motivate further research to optimize their favorable effects.


Xs: 3.41983 Ys: 1.9156308 Publish year: 2008 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Dietary Cholesterol from Eggs Increases Plasma HDL Cholesterol in Overweight Men Consuming a Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet abstract: Carbohydrate-restricted diets (CRD) significantly decrease body weight and independently improve plasma triglycerides (TG) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Increasing intake of dietary cholesterol from eggs in the context of a low-fat diet maintains the LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)/HDL-C for both hyper- and hypo-responders to dietary cholesterol. In this study, 28 overweight/obese male subjects (BMI = 25-37 kg/m2) aged 40-70 y were recruited to evaluate the contribution of dietary cholesterol from eggs in a CRD. Subjects were counseled to consume a CRD (10-15% energy from carbohydrate) and they were randomly allocated to the EGG group [intake of 3 eggs per day (640 mg/d additional dietary cholesterol)] or SUB group [equivalent amount of egg substitute (0 dietary cholesterol) per day]. Energy intake decreased in both groups from 10,243 +/- 4040 to 7968 +/- 2401 kJ (P < 0.05) compared with baseline. All subjects irrespective of their assigned group had reduced body weight and waist circumference (P < 0.0001). Similarly, the plasma TG concentration was reduced from 1.34 +/- 0.66 to 0.83 +/- 0.30 mmol/L after 12 wk (P < 0.001) in all subjects. The plasma LDL-C concentration, as well as the LDL-C:HDL-C ratio, did not change during the intervention. In contrast, plasma HDL-C concentration increased in the EGG group from 1.23 +/- 0.39 to 1.47 +/- 0.38 mmol/L (P < 0.01), whereas HDL-C did not change in the SUB group. Plasma glucose concentrations in fasting subjects did not change. Eighteen subjects were classified as having the metabolic syndrome (MetS) at the beginning of the study, whereas 3 subjects had that classification at the end. These results suggest that including eggs in a CRD results in increased HDL-C while decreasing the risk factors associated with MetS.


Xs: 2.8662996 Ys: 1.4593225 Publish year: 2007 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: The comparison in daily intake of nutrients, dietary habits and body composition of female college students by body mass index abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the body composition, dietary habits, daily intake of nutrients and clinical blood indices in female college students by body mass index of normal weight, overweight and obese. The subjects of this research were 141 respondents of a survey carried out on students, and subjects were given 60 minutes to answer questionnaires, by recording their own answers. The average heights and weights of subjects by BMI were 162.17 cm, 52.73 kg in normal weight group, 162.35 cm, 62.22 kg in overweight group and 161.72 cm, 69.82 kg in obesity group, respectively. As for the survey daily of meals, starving breakfast and kind of snacks of subjects were significantly different among the groups by BMI. In animal protein food intakes, meat intake was the highest 'every day' food consumed by subjects, and there was a significant difference in distribution of BMI among subjects. Fruits, and greenish and yellow vegetables intakes were the highest 'every day' foods indicated by the normal weight group. Consumption of carbonated beverages and juices showed a significant difference among groups by BMI. The average of total-cholesterol was the overweight group was the higher value. There was a significant difference in diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure among the groups by BMI. Average daily calories intake levels were insufficient and the intake ratio of carbohydrates, protein, and fat was the normal weight group 68:17:15, the overweight group 64:18:18 and the obese group 73:14:13. Results of the daily vitamin intake analyses displayed riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, and folic acid levels lower than the RI levels. Fe intake was the normal weight group 81%, overweight group 76%, obese group 59% of the RI level. Therefore, it is necessary for college students to establish regular meals, good quality snacks and consuming more vitamin and mineral nutritions for optimal health conditions.


Xs: 3.3187797 Ys: 3.2648113 Publish year: 2020 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials abstract: The effectiveness of probiotic consumption in controlling dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been unclear. We reviewed relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to clarify the effect of probiotic intake on dyslipidemia in T2DM patients. The Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were used for searching relevant RCTs published up to October 2020. The total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations were selected as the primary indicators for dyslipidemia. The results of 13 eligible RCTs showed that probiotic intake could significantly reduce TC (SMD: −0.23, 95% CI: (−0.37, −0.10)) and TG (SMD: −0.27, 95% CI: (−0.44, −0.11)) levels, but did not regulate LDL-C or HDL-C concentrations. Subgroup analysis showed that multispecies probiotics (≥two species), but not single-species probiotics, significantly decreased TC and TG concentrations. Furthermore, powder, but not liquid, probiotics could reduce TC and TG concentrations. This meta-analysis demonstrated that probiotic supplementation is helpful in reducing TC and TG concentrations in T2DM patients. However, more well-controlled trials are needed to clarify the benefits of probiotics on dyslipidemia in T2DM patients.


Xs: 3.3859313 Ys: 2.579282 Publish year: 2010 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Ruminant-Produced trans-Fatty Acids Raise Plasma Total and Small HDL Particle Concentrations in Male Hartley Guinea Pigs abstract: Although trans-fatty acid (tFA) intake has been positively associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), the relative effect of consuming industrially produced (IP)- compared with ruminant-produced (RP)-tFA on CHD risk factors is unclear. This study was designed to examine the effects of feeding partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO), IP-tFA source, and butter oil (BO), RP-tFA source, on the development of atherosclerosis and risk factors associated with CHD. Forty-eight male Hartley guinea pigs were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet containing (9% by weight) PHVO, BO, coconut oil (CO; positive control), or soybean oil (SO; negative control) for 8 or 12 wk (n = 6/group). Morphological analysis revealed that none of the groups developed atherosclerosis. Plasma and hepatic lipids did not differ between the tFA groups, but total and small HDL particles were significantly higher in the BO group than in the PHVO group and mean HDL particle size was significantly smaller in the BO group than in the PHVO group. Compared with the other treatment groups, the SO treatment resulted in significantly lower total cholesterol (TC) and LDL cholesterol in plasma, whereas hepatic TC was significantly higher in the SO group than in the other treatment groups. Plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations did not differ between the tFA and CO treatments. These results demonstrate that when fed at a high dose, IP- and RP-tFA had the same effect on established CHD risk factors in male Hartley guinea pigs. The effects of RP-tFA on HDL particle sizes and concentrations warrant further investigation.


Xs: 3.7151375 Ys: 2.648915 Publish year: 2005 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Grain Sorghum Lipid Extract Reduces Cholesterol Absorption and Plasma Non-HDL Cholesterol Concentration in Hamsters abstract: Grain sorghum is a rich source of phytochemicals that could potentially benefit human health. In this study, male hamsters were fed AIN-93M diets supplemented with a hexane-extractable lipid fraction from grain sorghum whole kernels. The grain sorghum lipids (GSL) comprised 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, or 5.0% of the diet by weight. After 4 wk, dietary GSL significantly reduced plasma non-HDL cholesterol concentration in a dose-dependent manner with reductions of 18, 36, and 69% in hamsters fed 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0% GSL, respectively, compared with controls. Liver cholesteryl ester concentration was also significantly reduced in hamsters fed GSL. Plasma HDL cholesterol concentration was not altered (P > 0.05) by dietary treatment. Cholesterol absorption efficiency was significantly reduced by GSL in a dose-dependent manner. Cholesterol absorption was also directly correlated with plasma non-HDL cholesterol concentration (r = 0.97, P < 0.05), suggesting that dietary GSL lowers non-HDL cholesterol, at least in part, by inhibiting cholesterol absorption. TLC and GLC analyses of the GSL extract revealed the presence of plant sterols and policosanols at concentrations of 0.35 and 8.0 g/100 g GSL, respectively. Although plant sterols reduce cholesterol absorption, policosanols may inhibit endogenous cholesterol synthesis. The data suggest that these components of GSL extract may work collectively in lowering plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations. Our findings further indicate that grain sorghum contains beneficial components that could be used as food ingredients or dietary supplements to manage cholesterol levels in humans.


Xs: 3.8554692 Ys: 2.8296847 Publish year: 2021 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds Modulate the HDL Lipidome in Hypercholesterolaemic Subjects: A Lipidomic Analysis of the VOHF Study abstract: Scope:
The lipidomic analysis of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) could be a useful way to identify new biomarkers of HDL function.

Methods and results:
A randomized, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial (33 hypercholesterolaemic subjects) was performed with a control virgin olive oil (VOO), VOO enriched with its own phenolic compounds (FVOO) or VOO enriched with additional phenolic compounds from thyme (FVOOT) for 3 weeks. HDL lipidomic analyses were performed using the Lipidyzer platform. VOO and FVOO intake increased the presence of monounsaturated-fatty acids (FAs) and decreased saturated and polyunsaturated FAs in triacylglyceride (TAG) species, among others species. In contrast, FVOOT intake did not induce these FAs changes. The decrease in TAG52:3(FA16:0) after VOO intake and the decrease in TAG52:5(FA18:2) after FVOO intake were inversely associated with changes in HDL resistance to oxidation. After FVOO intake, the decrease in TAG54:6(FA18:2) species in HDL was inversely associated with changes in HDL cholesterol efflux capacity.

Conclusion:
VOO and FVOO consumption has an impact on the HDL lipidome, in particular TAG species. Although TAGs are minor components of HDL mass, the observed changes in TAG modulated HDL functionality towards a cardioprotective mode. The assessment of the HDL lipidome is a valuable approach to identify and characterize new biomarkers of HDL function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Xs: 3.2284665 Ys: 2.0576608 Publish year: 2009 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Serum HDL cholesterol was positively associated with cheese intake in the Oslo Health Study abstract: We have examined the association between cheese intake and serum lipids in the cross‐sectional Oslo Health Study (18,770 subjects), using ANOVA and linear regression. In both sexes and in most of four age groups, i.e., young (30 years), middle‐aged (40 and 45 years), seniors (59–60) and old (75–76 years), cheese intake was negatively associated with triacylglycerol (TAG) and positively with high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) ( P < 0.05 for trend). In the whole material, HDL was 1.38 (1.36–1.40), 1.44 (1.42–1.45), 1.50 (1.49–1.51) and 1.57 (1.56–1.58) mmol/L in cheese intake groups 1–4, respectively (i.e., intake 0.5, 2.0, 5.0 or 10.5 times per week). Corresponding values for TAG were: 1.79 (1.73–1.86), 1.67 (1.63–1.71), 1.57 (1.54–1.61) and 1.48 (1.46–1.50) mmol/L. Also in multiple linear regression analysis with several confounding variables the serum HDL versus cheese intake association still prevailed ( P = 0.001), but the cheese versus TAG association was not significant in the multivariate model.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
The finding that cheese intake is positively and independently associated with serum high‐density lipoprotein in men and women across a wide age range, and negatively with serum triacylglycerol, raises the question of whether our dietary guidelines might have focused too much on negative effects of saturated fat whereby possible positive effects of cheese may have been overlooked. The results invite new experimental studies on the more comprehensive effects of cheese, butter and milk on blood lipids, apolipoproteins and coagulation factors.


Xs: 3.7575214 Ys: 0.9793494 Publish year: 2012 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Food Insecurity, Health and Nutritional Status among Sample of Palm-plantation Households in Malaysia abstract: Food insecurity is a worldwide problem and has been shown to contribute to poor health and nutritional outcomes. In Malaysia, poor dietary intake, overweight and obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolaemia have been reported to be more prevalent in females compared to males and in Indians compared to other ethnic groups. A cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and health and nutritional status among 169 Indian women (19-49 years old, non-pregnant, and non-lactating) from randomly-selected palm-plantation households in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Subjects were interviewed for socioeconomic and demographic data, and information on household food security and dietary intake. They were examined for weight, height, waist-circumference, blood pressure and lipids, and plasma glucose levels. For analysis of data, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and logistic regression were used. Majority (85.2%) of the households showed food insecurity as assessed using the Radimer/Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity Instrument. The food-secure women had significantly higher mean years of education and lower mean number of children than food-insecure groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the mean household income and income per capita as food insecurity worsened (p < 0.05). Women who reported food security had significantly higher mean diet diversity score (11.60 +/- 4.13) than child hunger (9.23 +/- 3.36). The group of subjects with higher intake of meat/fish/poultry/legumes (crude odds ratio [OR] = 0.53, confidence interval [CI] = 0.29-0.95) and higher diet diversity score (crude OR = 0.87, CI = 0.78-0.97) was more likely to have < 3 health risks. Diet diversity score remained a significant protective factor against heath risks even after adjusting for other variables. The present study showed that food insecurity is indirectly associated with poor health and nutritional status. Therefore, appropriate community-based interventions should be designed and implemented to address the problems of food insecurity and possible health and nutritional outcomes.


Xs: 2.8870602 Ys: 1.5934874 Publish year: 2002 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Obesity and Lipid Profiles in Children and Adolescents abstract: Childhood obesity is associated with unfavorable lipid profile, suggesting that obese children should be screened for hypercholesterolemia. However, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in childhood obesity, and the effect of the degree of obesity on lipid profile, are unknown. Eighty-nine obese children and adolescents (BMI >85%, mean age 10.4 +/- 2.5 years) and 53 non-obese control children matched for age, gender and pubertal stage participated in the study. Early morning blood samples for serum lipids were collected in all children after a 12-h fast. Mean serum cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) levels were significantly higher (p <0.05) among the obese children (cholesterol: 175.2 +/- 31.4 vs 143.3 +/- 24.3 mg/dl; TG: 122.8 +/- 69.7 vs 94.3 +/- 37.8 mg/dl in obese and control children, respectively). Among the obese children, 52% had elevated serum cholesterol levels (>170 mg/dl) compared to 16% in the controls. The degree of obesity (BMI 85-95% vs BMI >95%) had no effect on serum lipids. Unfavorable lipid levels were relatively common among obese children, suggesting that obesity should be considered a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia, and that screening obese children for hypercholesterolemia should be considered.


Xs: 3.267884 Ys: 3.4134166 Publish year: 2015 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effects of beta-carotene fortified synbiotic food on metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the beneficial effects of beta-carotene fortified synbiotic food intake on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
This randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial was conducted among 51 patients with T2DM. Individuals were randomly assigned to take either a beta-carotene fortified synbiotic (n = 51) or control food (n = 51) for 6 weeks. The beta-carotene fortified synbiotic was containing Lactobacillus sporogenes (1 × 10(7) CFU), 0.1 g inulin and 0.05 g beta-carotene. Control food (the same substance without probiotic, inulin and beta-carotene) was packed in identical 9-g packages. Patients were requested to use the beta-carotene fortified synbiotic and control foods three times a day.
Beta-carotene fortified synbiotic food consumption resulted in a significant decrease in insulin (-1.00 ± 7.90 vs. +3.68 ± 6.91 μIU/mL, P = 0.002), HOMA-IR (-0.73 ± 3.96 vs. +1.82 ± vbnm4.09, P = 0.002), HOMA-B (-0.52 ± 19.75 vs. +8.71 ± 17.15, P = 0.01), triglycerides (-2.86 ± 49.53 vs. +20.14 ± 50.10 mg/dL, P = 0.02), VLDL-cholesterol levels (-0.57 ± 9.90 vs. +4.03 ± 10.02 mg/dL, P = 0.02) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (-0.01 ± 1.08 vs. +0.64 ± 0.81, P = 0.001) compared to the control food. In addition, beta-carotene fortified synbiotic food consumption led to elevated plasma nitric oxide (NO) (+6.83 ± 16.14 vs. -3.76 ± 16.47 μmol/L, P = 0.001) and glutathione (GSH) (+36.58 ± 296.71 vs. -92.04 ± 243.05 μmol/L, P = 0.01).
Beta-carotene fortified synbiotic food intake in patients with T2DM for 6 weeks had favorable effects on insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol, total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio, NO and GSH levels.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.


Xs: 3.3699732 Ys: 3.2024434 Publish year: 2002 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Longterm consuption of fermented dairy products over 6 months increases HDL cholesterol abstract: Assessment of the hypocholesterolaemic effect of yoghurt supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus 145 and Bifidobacterium longum 913 in women.
The cross-over study consisted of three periods (7 weeks each): first period, control yoghurt for all 29 women; second period, probiotic yoghurt for 18 women, control yoghurt for 11 women; third period, the reverse of that in the second period.
Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena.
Twenty-nine healthy women, aged 19-56 y. Fifteen of these were normocholesterolaemic and 14 women were hypercholesterolaemic.
Yoghurt (300 g) daily containing 3.5% fat and starter cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and L. lactis. Probiotic yoghurt was the control yoghurt enriched with L. acidophilus 145, B. longum 913 and 1% oligofructose (synbiotic).
The mean serum concentration of total cholesterol and the LDL cholesterol was not influenced by the synbiotic (P>0.05). The HDL concentration increased significantly by 0.3 mmol/l (P=0.002). The ratio of LDL/HDL cholesterol decreased from 3.24 to 2.48 (P=0.001).
The long-term daily consumption of 300 g yoghurt over a period of 21 weeks (control and synbiotic) increased the serum concentration of HDL cholesterol and lead to the desired improvement of the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio.


Xs: 3.499202 Ys: 3.0235379 Publish year: 2003 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effect of feeding probiotic fermented indigenous food mixture on serum cholesterol levels in mice abstract: The study was undertaken to study the hypocholesterolemic effect of an indigenously developed and probiotic fermented cereal-pulse food mixture. Mice were used as experimental animals. An indigenous food mixture containing barley flour, sprouted green gram paste, milk coprecipitate and tomato pulp (in the ratio 2:1:1:1 w/w) was developed. The control group was provided unfermented food mixture with 1% added cholesterol while the experimental group received sequentially fermented (S. boulardii + L. casei) food mixture with 1% added cholesterol. The feeding trial was carried out for 42 days. Serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were analysed using kits (Boehringer Mannheim Gm bH, Mannheim, Germany). Feeding of the fermented food mixture significantly decreased the mean values for serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations in mice. HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were less affected. The liver weight as well as liver cholesterol concentration was lower in experimental group as compared to the control group though the differences were not significant. Such a food mixture will have commercial viability as it is wholesome, nutritious and has therapeutic applications too.


Xs: 3.2215598 Ys: 2.154762 Publish year: 1999 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: HDL-subpopulation patterns in response to reductions in dietary total and saturated fat intakes in healthy subjects abstract: Little information is available about HDL subpopulations during dietary changes.
The objective was to investigate the effect of reductions in total and saturated fat intakes on HDL subpopulations.
Multiracial, young and elderly men and women (n = 103) participating in the double-blind, randomized DELTA (Dietary Effects on Lipoproteins and Thrombogenic Activities) Study consumed 3 different diets, each for 8 wk: an average American diet (AAD: 34.3% total fat,15.0% saturated fat), the American Heart Association Step I diet (28.6% total fat, 9.0% saturated fat), and a diet low in saturated fat (25.3% total fat, 6.1% saturated fat).
HDL(2)-cholesterol concentrations, by differential precipitation, decreased (P < 0.001) in a stepwise fashion after the reduction of total and saturated fat: 0.58 +/- 0.21, 0.53 +/- 0.19, and 0.48 +/- 0.18 mmol/L with the AAD, Step I, and low-fat diets, respectively. HDL(3) cholesterol decreased (P < 0.01) less: 0.76 +/- 0.13, 0.73 +/- 0.12, and 0.72 +/- 0.11 mmol/L with the AAD, Step I, and low-fat diets, respectively. As measured by nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, the larger-size HDL(2b) subpopulation decreased with the reduction in dietary fat, and a corresponding relative increase was seen for the smaller-sized HDL(3a, 3b), and (3c) subpopulations (P < 0.01). HDL(2)-cholesterol concentrations correlated negatively with serum triacylglycerol concentrations on all 3 diets: r = -0.46, -0.37, and -0.45 with the AAD, Step I, and low-fat diets, respectively (P < 0.0001). A similar negative correlation was seen for HDL(2b), whereas HDL(3a, 3b), and (3c) correlated positively with triacylglycerol concentrations. Diet-induced changes in serum triacylglycerol were negatively correlated with changes in HDL(2) and HDL(2b) cholesterol.
A reduction in dietary total and saturated fat decreased both large (HDL(2) and HDL(2b)) and small, dense HDL subpopulations, although decreases in HDL(2) and HDL(2b) were most pronounced.


Xs: 3.1623006 Ys: 2.0756958 Publish year: 2018 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Food groups and intermediate disease markers: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials abstract: Background
In previous meta-analyses of prospective observational studies, we investigated the association between food groups and risk of chronic disease.

Objective
The aim of the present network meta-analysis (NMA) was to assess the effects of these food groups on intermediate-disease markers across randomized intervention trials.

Design
Literature searches were performed until January 2018. The following inclusion criteria were defined a priori: 1) randomized trial (≥4 wk duration) comparing ≥2 of the following food groups: refined grains, whole grains, nuts, legumes, fruits and vegetables, eggs, dairy, fish, red meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); 2) LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) were defined as primary outcomes; total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and C-reactive protein were defined as secondary outcomes. For each outcome, a random NMA was performed, and for the ranking, the surface under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) was determined.

Results
A total of 66 randomized trials (86 reports) comparing 10 food groups and enrolling 3595 participants was identified. Nuts were ranked as the best food group at reducing LDL cholesterol (SUCRA: 93%), followed by legumes (85%) and whole grains (70%). For reducing TG, fish (97%) was ranked best, followed by nuts (78%) and red meat (72%). However, these findings are limited by the low quality of the evidence. When combining all 10 outcomes, the highest SUCRA values were found for nuts (66%), legumes (62%), and whole grains (62%), whereas SSBs performed worst (29%).

Conclusion
The present NMA provides evidence that increased intake of nuts, legumes, and whole grains is more effective at improving metabolic health than other food groups. For the credibility of diet-disease relations, high-quality randomized trials focusing on well-established intermediate-disease markers could play an important role. This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO) as CRD42018086753.


Xs: 3.9444113 Ys: 2.239363 Publish year: 2020 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Sphingolipids in food and their critical roles in human health abstract: Sphingolipids (SLs) are ubiquitous structural components of cell membranes and are essential for cell functions under physiological conditions or during disease progression. Abundant evidence supports that SLs and their metabolites, including ceramide (Cer), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), sphingosine (So), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are signaling molecules that regulate a diverse range of cellular processes and human health. However, there are limited reviews on the emerging roles of exogenous dietary SLs in human health. In this review, we discuss the ubiquitous presence of dietary SLs, highlighting their structures and contents in foodstuffs, particularly in sea foods. The digestion and metabolism of dietary SLs is also discussed. Focus is given to the roles of SLs in both the etiology and prevention of diseases, including bacterial infection, cancers, neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases, skin integrity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We propose that dietary SLs represent a “functional” constituent as emerging strategies for improving human health. Gaps in research that could be of future interest are also discussed.


Xs: 3.190984 Ys: 1.9145807 Publish year: 2023 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effect of ultra-processed foods intake on the metabolic syndrome components and body fat in children and adolescents: A systematic review based on cohort studies abstract: Objectives:
The aim of this study was to thoroughly review the scientific literature related to cohort studies that evaluated the association between the intake of ultra-processed foods, according to the NOVA classification, and the increase in the components of metabolic syndrome and body fat in children and adolescents.

Methods:
We consulted the PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, and ScienceDirect databases and selected cohort studies that met the main objective of this review and included the age group of interest. We used an adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale to evaluate cohort studies.

Results:
Of 383 articles identified, 367 were excluded after reading the title, abstract, and methodology. Only nine met the selection criteria defined for this review. Of the nine articles, two reported a positive association between high consumption of ultra-processed foods and total cholesterol levels; one reported a positive association with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, one with triacylglycerols, one with diastolic blood pressure, three with body mass index, two with waist circumference, and two with body fat.

Conclusions:
Seven of nine studies found at least one association with components of metabolic syndrome. This highlights the importance of early intervention to prevent non-communicable diseases in the future.


Xs: 3.7144523 Ys: 2.5018964 Publish year: 2012 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Impact of omega-3 fatty acids and/or plant sterol supplementation on non-HDL cholesterol levels of dyslipidemic Indian adults abstract: Independent and combined effects of 2 g/d long chain omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3) from fish oil (capsules) and 2 g/d plant sterol (yogurt drink) on LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels in Indian subjects were compared. Following a 2-week run-in period, 200 mildly hypercholesterolemic (total cholesterol 5.0–8.0 mmol/l) adults (35–55 years) were randomized into one of four groups [(1) both placebo (2) active omega-3 (3) active plant sterol (4) both active] of a 2 x 2 factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Blood samples were obtained before and after the 4-week intervention (n = 178). Lipid levelswere analyzed using ANCOVA models with relevant baseline measurements as covariates; adjusted means were compared across groups. While plant sterols significantly lowered LDL-C (-4.5%; P = 0.017) and non-HDL-C (-7.9%; P = 0.0019) levels, omega-3 did not demonstrate any such impact. The combination resulted in 4.2% and 3.9% reduction (non-significant), respectively. Thus, the beneficial effects of the omega-3-PS combination on lipid levels demonstrated earlier (lowered triacylglycerols by 15%, increased HDL-C by 5.4%) in addition to the present findings could make this combination a useful alternative for lowering coronary heart disease risk in Indian adults.


Xs: 4.013539 Ys: 3.0176675 Publish year: 2015 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: High-cocoa polyphenol-rich chocolate improves blood pressure in patients with diabetes and hypertension abstract: The aim was to examine the effects of high-cocoa polyphenol-rich chocolate on lipid profiles, weight, blood pressure, glycemic control, and inflammation in individuals with Type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
Sixty individuals [32 in dark chocolate group (DCG) and 28 in white chocolate group (WCG)] with Type 2 diabetes on stable medication were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study. Subjects were randomized to consume 25 g DCG or WCG for 8 weeks. Changes in weight, blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured at the beginning and end of the intervention. This clinical trial was registered at the Iranian registry of clinical trials.
In DCC group, compared with baseline, serum levels of Apo A-1 (P = 0.045) was increased and fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P = 0.027), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (P = 0.025), Apo B (P = 0.012) and Log of hsCRP (P = 0.043) levels were decreased at the end of study. No changes were seen within the WCG in studied parameters. High polyphenol chocolate consumption compared to white chocolate resulted in significant decrease in of systolic (-5.93 ± 6.25 vs. -1.07 ± 7.97 mmHg, P = 0.004) and diastolic blood pressure (-6.4 ± 6.25 vs. 0.17 ± 7.9 mmHg, P = 0.002), FBS (-7.84 ± 19.15 vs. 4.00 ± 20.58 mg/dl, P = 0.019) over the course of 8 weeks of daily chocolate consumption neither weight nor body mass index and TG levels altered from baseline.
High polyphenol chocolate is effective in improving TG levels in hypertensive patients with diabetes and decreasing blood pressure and FBS without affecting weight, inflammatory markers, insulin resistance or glycemic control.


Xs: 3.7880356 Ys: 2.4499817 Publish year: 2011 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Improvement in HDL cholesterol in postmenopausal women supplemented with pumpkin seed oil: Pilot study abstract: Pumpkin seed oil is rich in phytoestrogens and animal studies suggest that there is some benefit to supplementation in low estrogen conditions. This study is the first to evaluate the benefit of pumpkin seed oil in postmenopausal women.
This pilot study was randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled. Study participants included 35 women who had undergone natural menopause or had iatrogenically entered the climacteric due to surgery for benign pathology. Wheat germ oil (placebo; n = 14) and pumpkin seed oil (n = 21) were administered to eligible participants over a 12-week period at a dose of 2 g per day. Serum lipids, fasting plasma glucose and blood pressure were measured and an 18-point questionnaire regarding menopausal symptoms was administered; the atherogenic index was also calculated. Differences between groups, as well as before and after the period of supplementation, were evaluated with Student's t-test, Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-ranked test and Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate (Stata version 10.1).
Women receiving pumpkin seed oil showed a significant increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (0.92 ± 0.23 mmol/l vs. 1.07 ± 0.27 mmol/l; p = 0.029) and decrease in diastolic blood pressure (81.1 ± 7.94 mmHg vs. 75.67 ± 11.93 mmHg; p < 0.046). There was also a significant improvement in the menopausal symptom scores (18.1 ± 9.0 vs. 13.2 ± 6.7; p < 0.030), with a decrease in severity of hot flushes, less headaches and less joint pains being the main contributors. Women in the group receiving wheat germ oil reported being more depressed and having more unloved feeling.
This pilot study showed pumpkin seed oil had some benefits for postmenopausal women and provided strong evidence to support further studies.


Xs: 4.1299233 Ys: 2.7439477 Publish year: 2000 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: HDL-cholestrol-raising effect of orange juice in subjects with hypercholesterolemia abstract: Orange juice-a rich source of vitamin C, folate, and flavonoids such as hesperidin-induces hypocholesterolemic responses in animals.
We determined whether orange juice beneficially altered blood lipids in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
The sample consisted of 16 healthy men and 9 healthy women with elevated plasma total and LDL-cholesterol and normal plasma triacylglycerol concentrations. Participants incorporated 1, 2, or 3 cups (250 mL each) of orange juice sequentially into their diets, each dose over a period of 4 wk. This was followed by a 5-wk washout period. Plasma lipid, folate, homocyst(e)ine, and vitamin C (a compliance marker) concentrations were measured at baseline, after each treatment, and after the washout period.
Consumption of 750 mL but not of 250 or 500 mL orange juice daily increased HDL-cholesterol concentrations by 21% (P: < 0.001), triacylglycerol concentrations by 30% (from 1.56 +/- 0.72 to 2.03 +/- 0.91 mmol/L; P: < 0.02), and folate concentrations by 18% (P: < 0.01); decreased the LDL-HDL cholesterol ratio by 16% (P: < 0.005); and did not affect homocyst(e)ine concentrations. Plasma vitamin C concentrations increased significantly during each dietary period (2.1, 3.1, and 3.8 times, respectively).
Orange juice (750 mL/d) improved blood lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic subjects, confirming recommendations to consume >/=5-10 servings of fruit and vegetables daily.


Xs: 3.4296932 Ys: 2.5038998 Publish year: 2023 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effects of a dietary intervention with Mediterranean vs lacto-ovo vegetarian diets on HDL function: Results from the CARDIVEG study abstract: Background and Aim
HDL-cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) has been shown to be a better cardiovascular (CVD) risk marker than serum HDL concentration. Several foods and nutrients have been shown to improve HDL functions, however no effective dietetic nor pharmacological strategy is available to increase CEC. This study aims to evaluate the possible effect of Mediterranean diet (MD) and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (VD) on HDL function in a group of clinically healthy subjects at low-to-moderate CVD risk.

Methods and Results
Thirty apparently healthy subjects with a low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk profile (21 F; mean age: 51.3 ± 9.7 years) were randomly assigned to a 3-month MD or VD diet and then crossed.
Participants on VD showed a reduction in total HDL CEC by 8.99% (p<0.001) as well as a reduction in ABCA1 mediated-CEC by 18.62% (p<0.001) compared to participants on MD. Regarding CEC mediated by aqueous diffusion, no significant changes were observed after treatment with either diet. Finally, a significant positive association between CEC mediated by the ABCA1 transporter and adiponectin was found (r=0.462; p=0.010).

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that HDL activity in promoting cholesterol efflux and thereby reducing the concentration of pro-atherogenic lipoproteins was more effective in participants undergoing MD than VD. Based on these findings, the MD could be considered a better therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular prevention than VD.
Clinical Trial registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02641834.


Xs: 3.5801861 Ys: 2.352808 Publish year: 2000 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: The effect of palmitic acid on lipoprotein cholesterol levels abstract: The present study assessed the effect of high versus low palmitic acid intakes of plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels and on rates for endogenous synthesis of cholesterol in normal and hypercholesterolemic subjects. On day 21 of each diet treatment, a fasting blood sample was drawn for lipoprotein determination and to provide a measure of the background level of deuterium. A priming dose of deuterium was consumed and a second blood sample obtained 24 hours after the first sample. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used to determine the incorporation of deuterium into the newly synthesized cholesterol molecule and fractional synthetic rates were calculated. Four diets were formulated to provide combinations of two levels of 16:0 at two levels of 18:2n-6. Subjects received each of the four diet treatments for 21 days, followed by washout periods of 21 days. Serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol was not significantly affected by the high level of 16:0 when diets also contained a high level of 18:2n-6. Fractional synthesis rates of cholesterol observed for each diet treatment did not differ significantly, suggesting no relationship between the endogenous synthesis of cholesterol and dietary 16:0 content. The results indicate that 16:0 has no effect on serum lipoprotein profiles in the presence of recommended intakes for 18:2n-6.


Xs: 3.6003695 Ys: 2.3936756 Publish year: 2005 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Including Walnuts in a Low-Fat/Modified-Fat Diet Improves HDL Cholesterol-to-Total Cholesterol Ratios in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a moderate-fat diet inclusive of walnuts on blood lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes.
This was a parallel randomized controlled trial comparing three dietary advice groups each with 30% energy as fat: low fat, modified low fat, and modified low fat inclusive of 30 g of walnuts per day. Fifty-eight men and women, mean age 59.3 +/- 8.1 years, started the trial. Dietary advice was given at baseline with monthly follow-up and fortnightly phone calls for support. Body weight, percent body fat, blood lipids, HbA1c, total antioxidant capacity, and erythrocyte fatty acid levels were measured at 0, 3, and 6 months. Data were assessed by repeated-measures ANOVA with an intention-to-treat model.
The walnut group achieved a significantly greater increase in HDL cholesterol-to-total cholesterol ratio (P=0.049) and HDL (P=0.046) than the two other treatment groups. A 10% reduction in LDL cholesterol was also achieved in the walnut group, reflecting a significant effect by group (P=0.032) and time (P=0.036). There were no significant differences between groups for changes in body weight, percent body fat, total antioxidant capacity, or HbA1c levels. The higher dietary polyunsaturated fat-to-saturated fat ratio and intakes of omega-3 fatty acids in the walnut group were confirmed by erythrocyte biomarkers of dietary intake.
Structured "whole of diet" advice that included 30 g of walnuts/day delivering substantial amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acid improved the lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes.


Xs: 3.3426123 Ys: 2.3909857 Publish year: 2003 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Randomized clinical trials on the effects of dietary fat and carbohydrate on plasma lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease abstract: Several dietary approaches have reduced cardiovascular events in randomized clinical trials. Replacing saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat prevented coronary events in men, and a Mediterranean diet and fatty fish improved survival. None of these trials had much impact on total fat intake but rather increased vegetable oils, n-3 fatty acids, or many other plant foods or nutrients that are linked to coronary prevention. The reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by these dietary therapies compare favorably with drug treatments for hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Improvement in blood lipid risk factors is an important mechanism to explain the results of trials of unsaturated fats. When saturated or trans unsaturated fats are replaced with monounsaturated or n-6 polyunsaturated fats from vegetable oils, primarily low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreases. The LDL to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio decreases. When carbohydrates are used to replace saturated fats, in a low-fat diet, LDL and HDL decrease similarly, and the ratio is not improved; triglycerides increase as well when carbohydrate increases, except when low glycemic index foods are used. The n-3 polyunsaturated fats in fish oils suppress cardiac arrhythmias and reduce triglycerides, but they have little effect on LDL or HDL cholesterol levels. The theme should be that diet has benefits that come directly from foods, as well as from the reduction in saturated fats, cholesterol, meats, and fatty dairy foods. It is likely that many diets could be designed that could prevent CVD. This potential diversity is crucial for engaging the diverse cultures and tastes of people worldwide in cardiovascular disease prevention.


Xs: 3.5946212 Ys: 2.8713553 Publish year: 2009 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effects of isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt on lipid parameters and atherosclerosis development in hypercholesterolemic rabbits: A randomized double-blind study abstract: There is increasing interest in natural treatments to control dyslipidemia and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of soy yogurt fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 and of dietary isoflavones on the lipid profile. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt, fermented with E. faecium CRL183, on lipid parameters and atherosclerosis development in rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia.
Forty-eight rabbits were randomly assigned to eight groups fed on the following diets for 60 days: C - control; IY - isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt; H - hypercholesterolemic (1.0% cholesterol wt/wt diet); HY - hypercholesterolemic plus soy yogurt; HIY - hypercholesterolemic plus isoflavone-supplemented soy yogurt; HP - hypercholesterolemic plus placebo; HI - hypercholesterolemic plus isoflavone and HE - hypercholesterolemic plus pure culture of E. faecium CRL 183. Serum lipids and autoantibodies against oxLDL (oxLDL Ab) were analyzed on days 0, 30 and 60 of the treatment and the atherosclerotic lesions were quantified at the end of the experiment.
Soy yogurt, soy yogurt supplemented with isoflavones and placebo promoted significant reductions in total cholesterol level (38.1%, 27.0% and 26.6%, respectively). Significant increases in serum HDL-C concentration relative to group H were detected in animals that ingested soy yogurt, with or without the isoflavone supplement (55.2%), E. faecium culture (43.3%) or placebo (35.8%). Intake of soy yogurt and soy yogurt supplemented with isoflavones prevented the rise of oxLDL Ab during the study period. The extent of atherosclerosis in the thoracic and abdominal aortas was reduced in the HIY, HY and HP groups. However, when the whole aorta was analyzed, animals treated with soy yogurt supplemented with isoflavones exhibited the greatest reduction (51.4%, P < 0.05) in atherosclerotic lesion area, compared to group H.
Soy yogurt could be consumed as an alternative means of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving the lipid profile and inhibiting oxLDL Ab formation. Our findings also suggest that isoflavone supplementation may enhance the antiatherosclerotic effect of soy yogurt.


Xs: 2.8421948 Ys: 2.6812656 Publish year: 2014 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Glycemic index and significance of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacae) in type II diabetics abstract: The study was undertaken to assess nutrient composition, glycemic index and health benefits of barnyard millet in type II diabetics. The millet had 10.5% protein 3.6% fat, 68.8% carbohydrate and 398 kcal/100 g energy. The total dietary fibre content was high (12.6%) including soluble (4.2%) and insoluble (8.4%) fractions. Low glycemic index of the grains both dehulled (50.0) and dehulled and heat treated (41.7) was recorded. The feeding intervention of 28 days revealed a significant reduction in glucose (139.2 to 131.1 mg/dl), LDL-C (from 167.7 to 162.9 mg/dl), VLDL-C (from 24.0 to 23.2 mg/dl), ratio of TC: HDL (from 4.7 to 4.6) and LDL: HDL (from 3.2 to 3.1) in the experimental diabetic groups. Similar, but marginal changes were observed in experimental non diabetics. Marginal decrease of triglycerides and increase of HDL were registered in diabetic groups due to barnyard millet intervention. The study indicated that the dehulled and heat treated barnyard millet is beneficial for type-II diabetics.


Xs: 3.343899 Ys: 1.8322723 Publish year: 2017 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Consuming Two Eggs per Day, as Compared to an Oatmeal Breakfast, Decreases Plasma Ghrelin while Maintaining the LDL/HDL Ratio abstract: Eggs contain high quality protein, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, yet regular consumption is still met with uncertainty. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of consuming two eggs per day or a heart-healthy oatmeal breakfast on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and satiety measures in a young, healthy population. Fifty subjects participated in a randomized crossover clinical intervention; subjects were randomly allocated to consume either two eggs or one packet of oatmeal per day for breakfast for four weeks. After a three-week washout period, participants were allocated to the alternative breakfast. Fasting blood samples were collected at the end of each intervention period to assess plasma lipids and plasma ghrelin. Subjects completed visual analog scales (VAS) concurrent to dietary records to assess satiety and hunger. Along with an increase in cholesterol intake, there were significant increases in both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol following the egg consumption period (p < 0.01). However, there was no difference in the LDL/HDL ratio, a recognized biomarker of CVD risk, nor in the plasma glucose, triglycerides or liver enzymes, between diet periods. Several self-reported satiety measures were increased following the consumption of eggs, which were associated with lower plasma ghrelin concentrations (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that compared to an oatmeal breakfast, two eggs per day do not adversely affect the biomarkers associated with CVD risk, but increase satiety throughout the day in a young healthy population.


Xs: 3.4222937 Ys: 2.5571437 Publish year: 2019 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: High-Density Lipoproteins as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools: Volume 2. Improvement and Enhancement of HDL and Clinical Applications abstract: This book is the second of two volumes that offer a comprehensive, up-to-date account of current knowledge regarding high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the changes that occur in HDL under different conditions, the clinical applications of HDL, and means of enhancing HDL functionality. In this volume, the focus is on the improvement of HDL, enhancement of its functionality, and the use of HDL for therapeutic purposes. In the first section, up-to-date information is provided on such topics as the tumor regression-promoting and antidiabetic activities of reconstituted HDL containing V156K apolipoprotein A-I, the enhancement of HDL effects by high doses of vitamin C, the benefits derived from incorporation of growth hormones 1 and 2 into rHDL, and the biological functions of omega-3 linolenic acid in rHDL. The enhancement of HDL functionality by policosanol and the resultant benefits are thoroughly examined in a separate section. Readers will also find the latest information on clinical applications of HDL. Here, specific topics include the enhancement of adenoviral gene delivery and the delivery of rapamycin. In documenting the latest knowledge in this field, this volume will be of interest to both researchers and clinicians.


Xs: 3.1162832 Ys: 3.4804661 Publish year: 2019 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Probiotic Foods and Supplements Interventions for Metabolic Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Recent Clinical Trials abstract: Background:
Individual clinical trials suggested that when treated with probiotic foods or supplements with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, specific symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be alleviated, but the results have been inconclusive.

Aims:
The objective of the present meta-analysis was to use anthropometric and biochemical as indicators to evaluate the efficacy of using these probiotic foods or supplements among individuals with MetS.

Methods:
PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL Plus were used to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studies published from January 2000 to January 2018. Studies were included if they had at least one of the following outcome measurements: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and/or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c).

Results:
The 356 records were identified during the literature search, of which only 18 met the selection criteria. The 18 RCTs with a total of 1,544 participants were included in this analysis. This meta-analysis indicated that there were no significant differences of BMI, BFM, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, SBP, DBP, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, TC, HDL-C, HbA1c, or triglycerides between the intervention and control groups. Significant standardized mean net differences were found in the BFP and LDL-C between the intervention and control groups.

Conclusions:
The results indicated that probiotic food and supplement with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium could be used as interventions to improve specific anthropometric and biochemical outcomes among individuals with MetS. However, probiotic treatment alone could not reduce overall health risks. In addition, there were methodological drawbacks among reviewed studies, and further research is needed.


Xs: 2.8251512 Ys: 1.0260069 Publish year: 2024 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Obesity, Metabolic Parameters and Clinical Values in the South Korean Adult Population abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on obesity, metabolic parameters, and clinical values in the South Korean population. Data from the seventh and eighth National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed, comprising 3560 participants in 2018 (pre-COVID-19) and 3309 participants in 2021 (post-COVID-19). The study focused on adults aged 19 years and older who were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). The results showed a significant increase in waist circumference (approximately 2 cm), BMI (approximately 0.11 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (1.76 mg/dL higher), and glycated hemoglobin (0.14% higher) in the post-COVID-19 group compared to the pre-COVID-19 group. Additionally, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia increased by 4% after the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest an increased risk of obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic disorders, such as blood sugar disorders, in the post-COVID-19 period. Urine analysis revealed abnormal findings, including occult blood, urobilinogen, hematuria, proteinuria, ketone urea, glycosuria, and bacteriuria. The study highlights the negative impact of lifestyle changes, such as reduced physical activity and social gatherings, on physical vital signs and clinical values during the COVID-19 pandemic.


Xs: 2.916149 Ys: 1.3405812 Publish year: 2011 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Waist circumference is better associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) than with body mass index (BMI) in adults with metabolic syndrome abstract: The measurement of waist circumference (WC) is the most prevalent cause of the metabolic syndrome (MS).
The aim of this study was to correlate WC and BMI with high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) levels in patients with MS being consulted by the Family Health Program (PSF), Brazil.
This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2008 with 42 patients (29 women and 13 men) from 35 to 77 years. Dietary intake was reported, and biochemical and body composition measures were taken.
The HDL-c levels were higher in women when compared to men (48.4 ± 8.1 mg/dL vs. 36.4 ± 7.8 mg/dL). However, the triglycerides (TG)/HDL-c ratio and TG concentrations were lower in women (3.8 ± 1.5 and 178.0 ± 57.8 mg/dL, respectively) than in men (9.4 ± 8.5 and 471.5 ± 501.5 mg/dL, respectively). Regarding skinfold profile, the triceps was greater in females (37.0 ± 8.4 cm vs. 20.7 ± 10.5 cm). The dietetic profile showed that women had a lower intake of energy, fiber, phosphorus and sodium. The fruits and vegetables intake was diminished in the participants of this study, as less than 60% of the women and 50% of men met the daily recommendations. Approximately 54% of men and 28% of women had a lower intake of dairy products daily. Moreover, the results shows that the WC was negatively correlated to HDL-c (r = -0.41, p < 0.05) whereas the BMI is not associated with HDL-c (r = -0.34, p > 0.06).
Our findings showed that WC is a better predictor of changes in HDL-c than BMI.


Xs: 3.09453 Ys: 1.8641554 Publish year: 2002 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Kinetics of HDL Cholesterol and Paraoxonase Activity in Moderate Alcohol Consumers abstract: Background:
The inverse association between moderate drinking and coronary heart disease mortality is well established. This study was performed to investigate the kinetics of the alcohol-induced increases in apo A-1, HDL cholesterol, and paraoxonase (PON) activity, as well as to study whether the alcohol-induced increases in PON activity differ within different PON polymorphisms, and to investigate whether moderate alcohol consumption has similar effects on the outcome measures in postmenopausal women as in middle-aged men.

Methods:
In a randomized, diet-controlled, crossover study, 10 middle-aged men and 9 postmenopausal women, all apparently healthy, nonsmoking, and moderate alcohol drinkers, consumed beer or no-alcohol beer (control) with evening dinner during two successive periods of 3 weeks. During the beer period, alcohol intake equaled 40 and 30 g/day for men and women, respectively. The total diet was supplied to the subjects and had essentially the same composition during these 6 weeks. Before each treatment was a 1-week washout period, in which the subjects were not allowed to drink alcoholic beverages.

Results:
Moderate alcohol consumption significantly increased serum apo A-I level after 5 days (3.7%, p < 0.05); after 10 days, serum HDL cholesterol level was increased (6.8%, p < 0.001), and after 15 days serum PON activity was increased (3.7%, p < 0.05), all compared with no alcohol consumption. Gene polymorphisms did not modulate the alcohol effect on PON.

Conclusions:
Serum apo A-I, HDL cholesterol, and PON activity were significantly increased during 3 weeks of moderate alcohol consumption as compared with no alcohol consumption. Moreover, the results suggest that there is a sequence in induction of these parameters. After an increase in apo A-I, HDL cholesterol is increased followed by an increase in PON activity. Increased serum HDL cholesterol level and PON activity may be a mechanism of action not only in healthy middle-aged men but also in postmenopausal women, underlying the reduced coronary heart disease risk in moderate drinkers.


Xs: 2.4548402 Ys: 2.462371 Publish year: 2003 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effects of a High-sucrose Diet on Body Weight, Plasma Triglycerides, and Stress Tolerance abstract: We examine the effects of feeding a high-sucrose diet on body weight gain, plasma triglycerides, and stress tolerance in rats. Feeding a high-sucrose (60%) diet for 2 weeks did not induce a greater body weight gain compared with that of standard diet when caloric intake was similar in ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned obese and sham-operated lean animals. The high-sucrose diet elevated plasma triglycerides by increasing the triglyceride secretion rate and decreasing the fractional catabolic rate in both groups. In response to stress, feeding a high-sucrose diet for one week induced enhanced gene expressions of heat shock proteins (HSP 70 and 27) and suppressed NOx production in the brain, whereas the standard diet did not. Results suggest that feeding a high-sucrose diet does not induce obesity in lean rats or enhance weight gain in obese rats, if caloric intake is appropriate. The diet does elevate plasma triglyerides in lean and obese rats, but it may have the potential to improve stress tolerance.


Xs: 3.2158515 Ys: 2.3194735 Publish year: 2009 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Reappraisal of the impact of dairy foods and milk fat on cardiovascular disease risk abstract: Background
This review provides a reappraisal of the potential effects of dairy foods, including dairy fats, on cardiovascular disease (CVD)/coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Commodities and foods containing saturated fats are of particular focus as current public dietary recommendations are directed toward reducing the intake of saturated fats as a means to improve the overall health of the population. A conference of scientists from different perspectives of dietary fat and health was convened in order to consider the scientific basis for these recommendations.

Aims
This review and summary of the conference focus on four key areas related to the biology of dairy foods and fats and their potential impact on human health: (a) the effect of dairy foods on CVD in prospective cohort studies; (b) the impact of dairy fat on plasma lipid risk factors for CVD; (c) the effects of dairy fat on non-lipid risk factors for CVD; and (d) the role of dairy products as essential contributors of micronutrients in reference food patterns for the elderly.

Conclusions
Despite the contribution of dairy products to the saturated fatty acid composition of the diet, and given the diversity of dairy foods of widely differing composition, there is no clear evidence that dairy food consumption is consistently associated with a higher risk of CVD. Thus, recommendations to reduce dairy food consumption irrespective of the nature of the dairy product should be made with caution.


Xs: 3.0145938 Ys: 2.9044762 Publish year: 2012 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Development and quality evaluation of pearl millet based anti-diabetic flour abstract: Pearl millet is produced and consumed in arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan as staple food grain, missi roti composite flour Indian bread is consumed by diabetics to manage the blood glucose level, however, a beneficial combination for diabetics is not known. Hence the pearl millet (PM) based anti-diabetic flour were developed. After several trails of different proportions of PM, barley (BY) and Bengal gram (BG); a proportion of 3:2 of PM and BG and 3:1:1 of PM, BG and BY were found most suitable in the preparation of roti and were acceptable by panel of judges. Recipe for roti was standardized for its carbohydrate content (40 g/serve), serving size, cooking time, cooked weight, water required for preparing the dough and acceptability on nine point hedonic scale (scores >6). Moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber, carbohydrate and energy contents per 100 g for PM+BG, PM+BG+BY composite flour ranged from 10.79-12.10, 6.43-15.53, 2.51-3.14, 0.97-1.07,1-2.14, 2.51-3.14,0.97-1.07,1-2. 14,66.20-77.12 g and 354-363 kcal, respectively. Composite flour were providing 75-85% energy from carbohydrate and were a good sources of fiber. Quality of the protein was better for composite flour (9-10.4 NDPcal%) than plain flour (1.7 NDAPcal%). Developed flour stored in 1 kg capacity flour bags at room temp for a period of three months showed an increase in free fatty acid and peroxides with storage, but did not exceed the safe limit. However, acceptability of roti from PM flour decreased significantly (P>0.05) at one month of storage, whereas roti of its blends (PM+BG and PM+BG+BY) remained acceptable up to two months of storage. Glucose tolerance test from 40 g and test recipes, i.e. plain and missi roti and kachari chutney on diabetic (n=10) and non diabetic subjects (n=10) of 30-55 years age range at 0, 1/2, 1, 11/2 and 2 hour after feeding showed lower glycaemic index (GI) values for PM+BG (54) and PM+BG+BY (74) flour than the plain PM flour (78). On the basis of the findings it can be concluded that composite flour are better for diabetics and blend of pearl millet with Bengal gram is the best.


Xs: 3.0450432 Ys: 1.2351009 Publish year: 2009 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Obesity and Cholesterol in Japanese, French, and U.S. Children abstract: The number of children at risk for overweight/obesity has increased dramatically in the last decade worldwide. This study compares measures of obesity (body mass index [BMI] and body fat percentage) and total cholesterol in 4,013 fourth-grade students from three countries, France, Japan, and the United States. Data were analyzed using t test, chi-square, and analysis of variance to determine differences between groups and by multiple linear regression. All variables differed significantly by group. BMI was highest in U.S. children. Body fat percentage was also highest in U.S. children and lowest in French children. Total cholesterol was highest in French children and lowest in U.S. White children. There were modest but significant associations between BMI and cholesterol in all groups except French children; associations varied by gender. Results indicate there was great variation in measures of obesity and cholesterol by country. The association between obesity and cholesterol may vary by culture, ethnicity, and gender.


Xs: 4.3902836 Ys: 2.635783 Publish year: 2013 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Caryocar brasiliense pulp increases serum HDL and reduces hepatic lipid accumulation in rats fed a high fat diet abstract: The fat, fiber and carotenoid composition from Caryocar brasiliense pulp points out this exotic fruit as a potential cardio protective food. This study aimed to evaluate the hyoplipidemic effect of pequi pulp in rats. Proximate composition, fatty acid profile and carotenoids of pequi dehydrated pulp were determined. Next, groups of male rats were fed a standard diet (AIN93M), a control diet (CTRL) added 10% lard, P400 or P600 diets, both similar to CTRL, added pequi pulp to provide 400 or 600 mg of pequi oil per day, respectively. At the end, serum cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), triglycerides and glucose, liver and fecal lipids analysis were performed. Pequi pulp had 63.61% of lipids, mainly monounsaturated fatty acids, its fiber content were 17.95% and carotenoids 16,11 mg/100 g. Adding fat to the diets did not increase food intake. There were no changes on serum cholesterol and glucose. The
higher level of pequi added increased, similarly, HDL and triglycerides in the high fat diets. There was higher liver lipid accumulation in the CTRL group compared to P400 or P600. There was no increase in fecal lipid output in all groups. Pequi pulp has a potential hypolipidemic effect, but further studies need to be accomplished because this effect seems related to both dose and duration of the trial.


Xs: 2.8619716 Ys: 2.3745563 Publish year: 2013 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Whole grain and body weight changes in apparently healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies abstract: Whole grains have received increased attention for their potential role in weight regulation. A high intake has been associated with smaller weight gain in prospective cohort studies, whereas the evidence from randomized controlled studies has been less consistent.
We assessed the effects of whole-grain compared with non-whole-grain foods on changes in body weight, percentage of body fat, and waist circumference by using a meta-analytic approach.
We conducted a systematic literature search in selected databases. Studies were included in the review if they were randomized controlled studies of whole-grain compared with a non-whole-grain control in adults. A total of 2516 articles were screened for eligibility, and relevant data were extracted from 26 studies. Weighted mean differences were calculated, and a metaregression analysis was performed by using the whole-grain dose (g/d).
Data from 2060 participants were included. Whole-grain intake did not show any effect on body weight (weighted difference: 0.06 kg; 95% CI: -0.09, 0.20 kg, P = 0.45), but a small effect on the percentage of body fat was seen (weighted difference: -0.48%; 95% CI: -0.95, -0.01; P = 0.04) compared with that for a control. An examination of the impact of daily whole-grain intake could predict differences between groups, but there was no significant association (β = -0.0013 kg × g/d; 95% CI: -0.011, 0.009 kg × g/d) .
Whole-grain consumption does not decrease body weight compared with control consumption, but a small beneficial effect on body fat may be present. The relatively short duration of intervention studies (≤16 wk) may explain the lack of difference in body weight and fat. Discrepancies between studies may be caused by differences in study design.


Xs: 3.2264576 Ys: 3.4473639 Publish year: 2017 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effects of Synbiotic Food Consumption on Serum Minerals, Liver Enzymes, and Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Double-blind Randomized Cross-over Controlled Clinical Trial abstract: Background
This research was to examine the effects of synbiotic intake on minerals, liver enzymes, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
This randomized, cross-over clinical trial was performed among 62 diabetic patients. Persons were randomly assigned to intake either a synbiotic (n = 62) or a control food (n = 62) for 6 weeks. A 3-week washout period was applied following which persons were crossed over to the alternate intervention arm for an additional 6 weeks. The synbiotic was consisted of Lactobacillus sporogenes (1 × 10⁷ CFU), 0.04 g inulin (HPX) as prebiotic. Persons were asked to consume the synbiotic and control foods 27 g a day. Blood pressure was measured, and blood samples were taken at baseline and after 6-week intervention to assess calcium, magnesium, iron, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin.

Results
The consumption of a synbiotic food, compared to the control food, resulted in a significant rise of calcium (0.66 vs. −0.14 mg/dL, P = 0.03) and iron (5.06 vs. −9.98 mg/dL, P = 0.03). The decrease of total bilirubin (0.08 vs. −0.04 mg/dL; P = 0.009) was also seen in the synbiotic group compared with the control group.

Conclusions
Overall, synbiotic in T2D patients had beneficial effects on calcium, iron, and total bilirubin concentrations.


Xs: 3.5279794 Ys: 2.5737658 Publish year: 2007 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Impact of foods enriched with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte n-3 levels and cardiovascular risk factors abstract: Consumption of fish or fish oils rich in the n-3 long chain PUFA EPA and DHA may improve multiple risk factors for CVD. The objective of this study was to determine whether regular consumption of foods enriched with n-3 long-chain PUFA can improve n-3 long-chain PUFA status (erythrocytes) and cardiovascular health. Overweight volunteers with high levels of triacylglycerols (TG; >1.6 mmol/l) were enrolled in a 6-month dietary intervention trial conducted in Adelaide (n 47) and Perth (n 39), and randomised to consume control foods or n-3-enriched foods to achieve an EPA + DHA intake of 1 g/d. Test foods were substituted for equivalent foods in their regular diet. Erythrocyte fatty acids, plasma TG and other CVD risk factors were monitored at 0, 3 and 6 months. There were no significant differences between groups for blood pressure, arterial compliance, glucose, insulin, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP) or urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TXB2) over 6 months, even though regular consumption of n-3-enriched foods increased EPA + DHA intake from 0.2 to 1.0 g/d. However, the n-3 long-chain PUFA content of erythrocytes increased by 35 and 53 % at 3 and 6 months, respectively, in subjects consuming the n-3-enriched foods. These increases were positively associated with measures of arterial compliance and negatively associated with serum CRP and urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 excretion. Sustainable increases in dietary intakes and erythrocyte levels of n-3 long-chain PUFA can be achieved through regular consumption of suitably enriched processed foods. Such increases may be associated with reduced CV risk.


Xs: 3.7939641 Ys: 2.56431 Publish year: 2004 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Limited Lipid-Lowering Effects of Regular Consumption of Whole Soybean Foods abstract: To examine cardiovascular health benefits of foods containing a whole soybean extract.
The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of consuming soy-based milk and yoghurt (treatment) or equivalent dairy products (control) for 5 weeks each. Twenty-six mildly hypercholesterolaemic and/or hypertensive volunteers were recruited from the community as study volunteers, of which 23 completed. Main outcome measures included clinic and ambulatory blood pressure, arterial compliance, lipids, fatty acids and isoflavones in fasted blood and 24-hour urinary isoflavone excretion. Nutrient intakes were assessed initially and after each 5-week period. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine predictor variables in statistical models; order effects were tested by repeated measures ANOVA. Changes in Lp(a) were determined by Wilcoxon signed ranks tests; other differences between treatment and control were assessed by t tests.
Plasma and urinary isoflavones were markedly increased by whole soy supplementation but there were no overall differences in plasma lipids, blood pressure or arterial compliance between the soy and dairy diets. However, in 8 equol-positive subjects (equol detected in either plasma or urine), retrospective analysis revealed significant reductions in total cholesterol (8.5%), LDL cholesterol (10%), LDL:HDL ratio (13.5%), plasma triglycerides (21%) and lipoprotein(a) (11%) with the soy diet. These reductions were independent of changes in polyunsaturated fat and other macronutrient intakes.
Regular consumption of whole soybean milk and yogurt products had no effect on plasma lipids, blood pressure or arterial compliance in at-risk subjects, despite substantially increasing isoflavone levels in blood and urine. Retrospective analysis suggests that improvement of plasma lipids may have been limited to equol-positive subjects.


Xs: 3.0376618 Ys: 1.7293772 Publish year: 2005 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Possible effects of diets on serum lipids, fatty acids and blood pressure levels in male and female Japanese university students abstract: To prepare a dietary recommendation for young Japanese for the prevention of coronary heart disease, we surveyed the dietary habits, serum lipids, serum fatty acids and blood pressure levels among male and female students.
In this study, 175 male and 246 female university students were interviewed for the frequency of consumption of selected food items and the habit of skipping breakfast. Serum fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography.
The frequencies of consumption of dishes cooked with oil and intake of vegetables were higher in female students than in male students. Serum n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were slightly higher in females students than in male students while that of serum n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was 6.4% in both sexes. For both males and females, those who skipped breakfast at least once a week were less likely to consume vegetables and fruits than those who did not. Female students who skipped breakfast were also less likely to consume fish and had lower composition of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels than males. For female, the intake of milk and dairy products correlated inversely with systolic blood pressure levels and the intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids correlated inversely with diastolic blood pressure levels. For males, the intake of fruits and consumption of dishes cooked with oil correlated inversely with systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels.
Our findings suggest that increased intake of fish, milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables from early adulthood and a regular dietary pattern are important to reduce the risk factors for coronary heart disease.


Xs: 2.941091 Ys: 1.8405787 Publish year: 2008 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Carbohydrate intake modifies associations between ANGPTL4[E40K] genotype and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in White men from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study abstract: Common allelic variation in the angiopoietin-like 4 gene (ANGPTL4[E40K]) has been associated with low triglyceride (TG) and high HDL-C.
We examined whether dietary macronutrient intake modified associations between ANGPTL4[E40K] variation and TG and HDL-C in White men and women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.
Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Intake of fat (total fat [TF], saturated fat [SF], monounsaturated fat [MUFA], polyunsaturated fat [PUFA], and n-3 PUFA) and carbohydrate were expressed as percentage of total energy intake. ANGPTL4 A allele carriers (n=148 in men, 200 in women) were compared to non-carriers (n=3667 in men, 4496 in women). Interactions were tested separately in men and women, adjusting for study center, age, smoking, physical activity, BMI, and alcohol intake.
ANGPTL4 A allele carriers had significantly greater HDL-C and lower TG than non-carriers (p<or=0.001). In all participants, carbohydrate intake was inversely associated with HDL-C and positively associated with TG, whereas TF, SF, and MUFA showed opposite associations with TG and HDL-C (p<0.001). These relations were uniform between sex-specific genotype groups, with one exception. In men, but not women, the inverse association between carbohydrate and HDL-C was stronger in A allele carriers (beta+/-S.E. -1.80+/-0.54) than non-carriers (beta+/-S.E. -0.54+/-0.11, p(interaction)=0.04 in men and 0.69 in women; p 3-way interaction=0.14).
These data suggest that ANGPTL4 variation and relative contributions of dietary fat and carbohydrate influence TG and HDL-C concentrations. In men, ANGPTL4 variation and dietary carbohydrate may interactively influence HDL-C.


Xs: 3.1862 Ys: 1.2346661 Publish year: 1997 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: A food frequency questionnaire for use in the Chinese population in Hong Kong: Description and examination of validity abstract: A food frequency questionnaire consisting of seven categories of food types and 266 food items was developed for a dietary survey of the Hong Kong Chinese population. The quantity, frequency of consumption per day and per week for each item was recorded with the aid of photographs to illustrate portion sizes, and nutrient quantity calculated using Food Tables from multiple sources — UK and two mainland Chinese institutions. The validity of the nutrient quantitation was examined by comparing calculated 24 hour intake of total energy, sodium, and potassium, with estimated values of energy expenditure (BMR × 1.4), 24h urinary sodium and potassium outputs. Apart from probable underestimation of sodium and potassium intake, calculated values for energy were close to estimated values. Associations were also present between energy intake, cholesterol, fat, and fatty acid intakes, and serum lipid profile. It is concluded that this questionnaire is suitable for dietary surveys in Hong Kong Chinese and may be used for quantitation of nutrient intakes in studies examining dietary components as risk factors.


Xs: 3.859028 Ys: 2.8370624 Publish year: 2001 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Role of Spirulina in the Control of Glycemia and Lipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus abstract: Spirulina, with its high concentration of functional nutrients, is emerging as an important therapeutic food. This study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic role of Spirulina. Twenty-five subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to receive Spirulina (study group) or to form the control group. At baseline, the control and study groups were matched for various variables. The efficacy of Spirulina supplementation (2 g/day for 2 months) was determined using the preintervention and postintervention blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels, and lipid profiles of the diabetic subjects. Two-month supplementation with Spirulina resulted in an appreciable lowering of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose levels. A significant reduction in the HbA(1c) level was also observed, indicating improved long-term glucose regulation. With regard to lipids, triglyceride levels were significantly lowered. Total cholesterol (TC) and its fraction, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), exhibited a fall coupled with a marginal increase in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). As a result, a significant reduction in the atherogenic indices, TC:HDL-C and LDL-C: HDL-C, was observed. The level of apolipoprotein B registered a significant fall together with a significant increment in the level of apolipoprotein A1. Therefore, a significant and favorable increase in the ratio of A1:B was also noted. These findings suggest the beneficial effect of Spirulina supplementation in controlling blood glucose levels and in improving the lipid profile of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Xs: 3.325605 Ys: 3.4134355 Publish year: 2019 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Short-Term Consumption of Probiotic Yogurt Improved HDL-C of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial abstract: Background and aims : Cardiovascular disease is the main complication and cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The main cause of complication in T2DM is oxidative stress caused by insulin resistance, hence it can increase lipid profiles (cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides) which exacerbates endothelial dysfunction. Among various functional foods with antioxidant effects, probiotic foods have been reported to suppress oxidative stress, and also improve the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile in patients with T2DM. The aim of this clinical trial is to study the effects of probiotics and conventional yogurt on FBG and lipid profile in patients with T2DM.
Material and method : Thirty-eight patients with T2DM, aged 30 to 60 years old, were assigned to two groups in this randomized, doubleblind, controlled clinical trial. The subjects in the intervention group consumed 100 ml/day probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, whereas subjects in the control group consumed 100 ml/day conventional yogurt for four weeks. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake, physical activity, serum FBG, and lipid profile were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention.
Results : Consumption of 100 mL/day conventional yogurt could significantly reduce the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, whereas probiotic yogurt could not reduce FBG significantly. Although the total cholesterol and triglyceride were not improved after yogurt consumption, both type of yogurt could improve HDL-C level.
Conclusion : Both conventional yogurt or probiotic yogurt could be used as functional food since it improved the HDL-C in type 2 DM patients.


Xs: 3.674236 Ys: 2.775356 Publish year: 2015 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Impact of Virgin Olive Oil and Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oils on the HDL Proteome in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Double Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Cross-Over Clinical Trial (VOHF Study) abstract: Unlabelled:
The effects of olive oil phenolic compounds (PCs) on HDL proteome, with respect to new aspects of cardioprotective properties, are still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the impact on the HDL protein cargo of the intake of virgin olive oil (VOO) and two functional VOOs, enriched with their own PCs (FVOO) or complemented with thyme PCs (FVOOT), in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Eligible volunteers were recruited from the IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (Spain) from April 2012 to September 2012. Thirty-three hypercholesterolemic participants (total cholesterol >200 mg/dL; 19 men and 14 women; aged 35 to 80 years) were randomized in the double-blind, controlled, cross-over VOHF clinical trial. The subjects received for 3 weeks 25 mL/day of: VOO, FVOO, or FVOOT. Using a quantitative proteomics approach, 127 HDL-associated proteins were identified. Among these, 15 were commonly differently expressed after the three VOO interventions compared to baseline, with specific changes observed for each intervention. The 15 common proteins were mainly involved in the following pathways: LXR/RXR activation, acute phase response, and atherosclerosis. The three VOOs were well tolerated by all participants. Consumption of VOO, or phenol-enriched VOOs, has an impact on the HDL proteome in a cardioprotective mode by up-regulating proteins related to cholesterol homeostasis, protection against oxidation and blood coagulation while down-regulating proteins implicated in acute-phase response, lipid transport, and immune response. The common observed protein expression modifications after the three VOOs indicate a major matrix effect.

Trial registration:
International Standard Randomized Controlled Trials ISRCTN77500181.


Xs: 7.165914 Ys: 4.3659844 Publish year: 2012 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Locust bean gum: Exploring its potential for biopharmaceutical applications abstract: Polysaccharides have been finding, in the last decades, very interesting and useful applications in the biomedical and, specifically, in the biopharmaceutical field. Locust bean gum is a polysaccharide belonging to the group of galactomannans, being extracted from the seeds of the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua). This polymer displays a number of appealing characteristics for biopharmaceutical applications, among which its high gelling capacity should be highlighted. In this review, we describe critical aspects of locust bean gum, contributing for its role in biopharmaceutical applications. Physicochemical properties, as well as strong and effective synergies with other biomaterials are described. The potential for in vivo biodegradation is explored and the specific biopharmaceutical applications are discussed.


Xs: 3.35407 Ys: 2.206846 Publish year: 2001 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Dairy Food Consumption, Blood Pressure and Stroke abstract: Recent clinical and biochemical evidence supporting the hypothesis that consumption of dairy products may be associated with reduced blood pressure and risk of stroke is reviewed. The two prospective studies of dairy food consumption and stroke incidence both indicate that a higher intake of dairy foods reduces risk. It is difficult to associate any one mineral in dairy products to reduction in blood pressure or stroke incidence because an appropriate metabolic balance of all three is important and because of the strong correlations among Ca, Mg and K intakes when dairy products are consumed. In fact, the evidence reviewed indicates that although K apparently has the greatest effect, all three minerals potentially contribute to blood pressure and stroke reduction, i.e., a dietary balance of all three is recommended. Milk and food products such as yogurt made from milk, which retain substantial amounts of K, Ca and Mg, are important dietary sources of all three of these minerals. In addition, milk is a low Na food, which, as seen in Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) II, provides further benefit in blood pressure reduction, New studies have associated dairy food consumption with other potential mechanisms affecting stroke, mainly reduction of platelet aggregation and insulin resistance. Further research is required to explore the relationship of dairy food consumption and stroke.


Xs: 3.9880822 Ys: 2.6962214 Publish year: 2012 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: A nutrient-dense, high-fiber, fruit-based supplement bar increases HDL cholesterol, particularly large HDL, lowers homocysteine, and raises glutathione in a 2-wk trial abstract: Dietary intake modulates disease risk, but little is known how components within food mixtures affect pathophysiology. A low-calorie, high-fiber, fruit-based nutrient-dense bar of defined composition (e.g., vitamins and minerals, fruit polyphenolics, β-glucan, docosahexaenoic acid) appropriate for deconstruction and mechanistic studies is described and evaluated in a pilot trial. The bar was developed in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Changes in cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk biomarkers were measured after 2 wk twice-daily consumption of the bar, and compared against baseline controls in 25 healthy adults. Plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) increased 6.2% (P=0.001), due primarily to a 28% increase in large HDL (HDL-L; P<0.0001). Total plasma homocysteine (Hcy) decreased 19% (P=0.017), and glutathione (GSH) increased 20% (P=0.011). The changes in HDL and Hcy are in the direction associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline; increased GSH reflects improved antioxidant defense. Changes in biomarkers linked to insulin resistance and inflammation were not observed. A defined food-based supplement can, within 2 wk, positively impact metabolic biomarkers linked to disease risk. These results lay the groundwork for mechanistic/deconstruction experiments to identify critical bar components and putative synergistic combinations responsible for observed effects.


Xs: 3.0948803 Ys: 1.795046 Publish year: 2015 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Fast Food Pattern and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Review of Current Studies abstract: Background: There are growing concern globally regarding the alarming trend of fast food consumption and its related cardiometabolic outcomes including overweight and obesity. This study aimed to review the current evidences available in relation to adverse effects of fast food pattern on cardiometabolic risk factors.
Methods: Relevant articles including epidemiological and clinical studies with appropriate design and good quality were obtained through searches of the Medline, PubMed, Scopus databases and Google scholar with related key words including "fast foods", "processed foods", "obesity", "overweight", "insulin resistance", "diabetes", "cardiovascular disease", "metabolic syndrome", "dyslipidemia" and "hypertension".
Results: Fast food consumption and out-of-home eating behavior is a main risk factor for lower diet quality, higher calorie and fat intake and lower micronutrients density of diet. Frequent consumption of fast foods was accompanied with overweight and abdominal fat gain, impaired insulin and glucose homeostasis, lipid and lipoprotein disorders, induction of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Higher fast food consumption also increases the risk of developmental diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion: This review provides further evidence warning us against the irreparable effects of fast food consumption on public health especially the increasing global burden of obesity and cardiovascular diseases.


Xs: 4.084053 Ys: 2.840211 Publish year: 2015 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Impact of Functional Foods on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes abstract: A healthy dietary pattern is a cornerstone for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Compelling scientific evidence has shown many health effects of individual foods (including herbs and spices), beverages, and their constituent nutrients and bioactive components on risk of chronic disease and associated risk factors. The focus of functional foods research that is reviewed herein has been on assessing the health effects and underlying mechanisms of action of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, dairy products including fermented products, legumes, nuts, green tea, spices, olive oil, seafood, red wine, herbs, and spices. The unique health benefits of these functional foods have been the basis for recommending their inclusion in a healthy dietary pattern. A better understanding of strategies for optimally including functional foods in a healthy dietary pattern will confer greater benefits on the prevention and treatment of CVD and T2DM.


Xs: 3.670206 Ys: 2.6431375 Publish year: 2012 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Soybean glycinin (11S) increases HDL-cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic rats abstract: Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of isolated soy glycinin (11S) on lipid metabolism in animals subjected to a hypercholesterolemic diet.

Design/methodology/approach
– Male Wistar rats were kept in individual cages under appropriate conditions. The animals were divided into three groups (n=9): normal diet (STD) given a diet containing casein as protein source, recommended in AIN‐93M; hypercholesterolemic (HC) fed a normal diet with 1 per cent cholesterol and 0.5 per cent cholic acid; and hypercholesterolemic+glycinin (HC+11S), fed a hypercholesterolemic diet, plus 11S soy protein (300 mg/kg/day), dissolved in saline and administered by gavage. After 28 days, the animals were sacrificed and blood and liver removed for biochemical analysis of total cholesterol (TC), HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) and triglycerides (TG) in the plasma, hepatic TC and TG.

Findings
– A single daily dose of glycinin given to the hypercholesterolemic group demonstrated its functional role, particularly in raising HDL‐C and reducing triglycerides in the liver.

Originality/value
– This study demonstrates the action of the 11S globulin in soybean as a serum lipid lowering agent, in addition to its nutritional properties, especially in raising the HDL‐C.


Xs: 4.5204496 Ys: 2.5869305 Publish year: 2020 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Pepino extract (Solanum muricatum Ait.) on HDL and LDL in type 2 diabetic rats abstract: Objective
Pepino contains of flavonoid and phenol as antioxidant which can reduce total cholesterol. This research was aimed to study the effect of pepino extract on high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in type 2 diabetic rats.

Method
The study was a randomized pre–posttest control group design. The subjects of this study were 20 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups, they are control group, the group of pepino extract dosage 250 mg/kg BW, pepino extract dosage 500 mg/kg BW, and preventive group. Rats were induced diabetes with alloxan. Pepino extract was supplied for 2 weeks. Blood glucose level was evaluated on day 3 after alloxan injection, then HDL and LDL were monitored.

Results
The effect of pepino extract was not found significant to increase HDL or reduce LDL-C of diabetic rats at two different doses (p < 0.05). However, high dose of pepino extract (500 mg/kg BW) successfully inhibited the LDL increase in mice significantly.

Conclusion
Pepino extract can maintain HDL-C and LDL-C on alloxan induced diabetic rats. This food can potentially be a functional food that maintains the cholesterol profile.