Xs: 6.751195 Ys: 2.5494719 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Nutritional Content and Health Benefits of Eggplant abstract: Vegetables supply various minerals, vitamins, dietary fibers along with important phytochemicals that plays a major contribution in our balance diets and nutrition. Each vegetable contain a unique amount of various nutrients that are strongly linked with the protection of different health diseases. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a nonwoody annual plant with purple to white flowers along with enlarged lobed leaves with bushy foliage that grows with maximum height of 120cm. Eggplant is mainly grown for vegetables and medicinal purposes. The phytochemical analysis of eggplant shows that it is the rich source of various essential compounds aspartic acid, tropane, flavonoids, lanosterol, gramisterol, steroid alkaloids, glycoalkaloids, histidine, nasunin, oxalic acid, solasodine, ascorbic acid and tryptophan that are present in fruits and leaves. It also contains low calories and high moisture contents. These compounds were found helpful in the cure of various diseases like cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, anti-platelet hypo-lipidemic, and hypotensive etc. Today most modern scientific techniques are available to cure different various health problems but still majority of population across the globe depends upon the traditional herbal medicines and practices. This review mainly explains nutritional content, medicinal and health benefits of S. melongena.


Xs: 8.217868 Ys: 2.867715 Publish year: 2018 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Mushroom Cultivation, Processing and Value-added Products: A Patent Based Review abstract: Background:
Edible mushrooms are an abundant source of carbohydrates, proteins, and multiple antioxidants and phytonutrients. This paper presents a general overview on the edible fungus describing the inventions made in the field of its cultivation, equipment and value added products.

Objective:
To understand and review the innovations and nutraceutical benefits of mushrooms as well as to develop interest regarding the edible mushrooms.

Methods:
Information provided in this review is based on the available research investigations and patents.

Result:
Mushrooms are an edible source of a wide variety of antioxidants and phytonutrients with a number of nutraceutical properties including anti-tumor and anti-carcinogenic. Thus, several investigations are made for cultivation and improvement of the yield of mushrooms through improvisation of growth substrates and equipment used for mushroom processing. The mushroom has been processed into various products to increase its consumption, providing the health and nutritional benefit to mankind.

Conclusion:
This paper summarizes the cultivation practices of mushroom, its processing equipments, methods of preservation, value added based products, and its nutraceutical properties. The review also highlights the various scientific feats achieved in terms of patents and research publications promoting mushroom as a wholesome food.


Xs: 8.410221 Ys: 4.245937 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Nutritional Profiles of Yoom Noon Rice from Royal Initiative of Southern Thailand: A Comparison of White Rice, Brown Rice, and Germinated Brown Rice abstract: For long-term food sustainability and security, it is crucial to recognize and preserve Indigenous rice varieties and their diversity. Yoom Noon is one of the non-glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties being conserved as part of the Phanang Basin Area Development Project, which is administered by the Royal Initiative of Nakhon Si Thammarat in Southern Thailand. The goal of this research was to compare the nutritional profiles of Yoom Noon white rice, brown rice, and germinated brown rice. The results indicated that carbohydrate content was found to be the most plentiful macronutrient in all processed Yoom Noon rice types, accounting for 67.1 to 81.5% of the total. White rice had the highest carbohydrate content (p < 0.05), followed by brown rice and germinated brown rice. Brown rice had more protein and fat than white rice (p < 0.05). The maximum protein, dietary fiber, and ash content were found in germinated brown rice, followed by brown rice and white rice (p < 0.05). White rice had the highest amylose content, around 24% (p < 0.05), followed by brown rice (22%), and germinated brown rice (20%). Mg levels in all white, brown, and germinated brown rice ranged from 6.59 to 10.59 mg/100 g, which was shown to be the highest among the minerals studied (p < 0.05). Zn (4.10–6.18 mg/100 g) was the second most abundant mineral, followed by Fe (3.45–4.92 mg/100 g), K (2.61–3.81 mg/100 g), Mn (1.20–4.48 mg/100 g), Ca (1.14–1.66 mg/100 g), and Cu (0.16–0.23 mg/100 g). Se was not found in any processed Yoom Noon rice. Overall, brown rice had the highest content of macro- and micronutrients (p < 0.05). In all processed rice, thiamin was found in the highest amount (56–85 mg/100 g), followed by pyridoxine (18–44 g/100 g) and nicotinamide (4–45 g/100 g) (p < 0.05). Riboflavin was not identified in any of the three types of processed Yoom Noon rice. Individual vitamin concentrations varied among processed rice, with germinated brown rice having the highest thiamine content by around 1.5 and 1.3 folds compared to white and brown rice, respectively. The GABA level was the highest in germinated rice (585 mg/kg), which was around three times higher than in brown rice (p < 0.05), whereas GABA was not detectable in white rice. The greatest total extractable flavonoid level was found in brown rice (495 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/100 g), followed by germinated brown rice (232 mg RE/100 g), while white rice had no detectable total extractable flavonoid. Brown rice had the highest phytic acid level (11.2 mg/100 g), which was 1.2 times higher than germinated brown rice (p < 0.05). However, phytic acid was not detected in white rice. White rice (10.25 mg/100 g) and brown rice (10.04 mg/100 g) had the highest non-significant rapidly available glucose (RAG) values, while germinated brown rice had the lowest (5.33 mg/100 g). In contrast, germinated brown rice had the highest slowly available glucose (SAG) value (9.19 mg/100 g), followed by brown rice (3.58 mg/100 g) and white rice (1.61 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05).


Xs: 3.9506738 Ys: 5.316364 Publish year: 2024 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Supplementation of Alternanthera sissoo pellets on feed digestion, rumen fermentation, and protozoal population in Thai native beef cattle abstract: The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo) pellet (BSP) supplementation on rumen fermentation, protozoal population, and methane (CH4) estimation in beef cattle. Four male Thai native beef cattle, 3 years old, with an average bodyweight of 180 ± 5 kg, were randomly arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The cattle were supplemented (on-top) with four levels of BSP (2, 4, 6, and 8% dry matter intake (DMI), respectively). The roughage component, derived from rice straw, was fed at 40 % of DMI, while the concentrate diet was fed at 60 % of DMI. The result of the experiment demonstrated that BSP supplementation had no effect on the DMI, nutrient intake, or nutrient digestibility (p > 0.05). Rumen pH and ammonia-nitrogen concentration were not significant, while the average protozoal population linearly decreased (p = 0.002) with BSP supplementation. Mean blood urea-nitrogen concentration was linearly increased (p = 0.004) when increasing the level of BSP. Brazilian spinach pellet had no significant effect on total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), VFA profiles, and CH4 estimation (p > 0.05). Nitrogen balance was no different from the supplementation of BSP. The study indicates that Brazilian spinach pellet supplementation showed no noticeable effects on feed intake, rumen parameters, and nitrogen utilization; however, at 6–8% of DMI, there was a decrease in protozoal population, with no corresponding reduction in CH4 estimation.


Xs: 6.4442067 Ys: 2.3793647 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: A Review on Nutritional Quality of Green Leafy Vegetables abstract: Vegetables play an important role in food and nutrition conservation. Green leafy vegetables, in particular,are known as a high-quality source of vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Leafy vegetables havehigher levels of mineral nutrients like iron and calcium than staple foods like grains. Leafy vegetables areamong the most potent herbal assets and the only available sources of folic acid, this paper examines thenutritional and anti-nutritional properties of some common green leafy vegetables, which are significantlyhigher in Moringa oleifera plant leaves than in other leafy and non-leafy vegetables. There are several different forms and compositions of nutritional and anti-nutritional factors in edible leafy vegetable plants.Antinutritionalelements are chemical compounds found in plant tissues that prevent humans from absorbingnutrients. Their results can be direct or indirect and they can vary from mild reactions to death. Antinutrientssuch as nitrates, phytates, tannins, oxalates, and cyanogenic glycosides have been linked toseveral healthproblems. Anti-nutritional factors can be minimized using one-of-a-kind processing techniques such asboiling and blanching. The various analytical methods for the willpower of the various dietary and antinutritional factors in a few green leafy vegetables were also briefly discussed below.


Xs: 6.0897985 Ys: 2.4276538 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: PHYTONUTRIENTS AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS THERAPEUTIC AND TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS abstract: Phytonutrients and Neurological Disorders: Therapeutic and Toxicological Aspects provides and assesses the latest research and developments surrounding the use of phytonutrients for the treatment of neurological disorders. The volume analyzes advances in phytonutrient isolation, characterization and therapeutic applications, giving particular emphasis to mechanisms and safety profiles. The book takes toxicological considerations into account, including adverse drug reactions, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. Sections cover bioactive compound classes and biosynthesis pathways, general considerations, including quality control, standardization, and technology, and toxicology. This title is a comprehensive work on the latest research in phytonutrients and neurological disorders that will be useful to researchers and medical practitioners.


Xs: 7.083544 Ys: 3.4069426 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Bioactives From Agri-Food Wastes: Present Insights and Future Challenges abstract: Sustainable utilization of agri-food wastes and by-products for producing value-added products (for cosmetic, pharmaceutical or food industrial applications) provides an opportunity for earning additional income for the dependent industrial sector. Besides, effective valorisation of wastes/by-products can efficiently help in reducing environmental stress by decreasing unwarranted pollution. The major focus of this review is to provide comprehensive information on valorisation of agri-food wastes and by-products with focus laid on bioactive compounds and bioactivity. The review covers the bioactives identified from wastes and by-products of plants (fruits, exotic fruits, vegetables and seeds), animals (dairy and meat) and marine (fish, shellfish seaweeds) resources. Further, insights on the present status and future challenges of sustainably utilizing agri-food wastes/by-products for value addition will be highlighted.


Xs: 6.6276674 Ys: 2.460096 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Uncovering Prospective Role and Applications of Existing and New Nutraceuticals from Bacterial, Fungal, Algal and Cyanobacterial, and Plant Sources abstract: Nutraceuticals are a category of products more often associated with food but having pharmaceuticals property and characteristics. However, there is still no internationally accepted concept of these food-pharmaceutical properties, and their interpretation can differ from country to country. Nutraceuticals are used as part of dietary supplements in most countries. They can be phy-tochemicals which are biologically active and have health benefits. These can be supplied as a supplement and/or as a functional food to the customer. For human health and longevity, these materials are likely to play a vital role. Consumption of these items is typical without a therapeutic prescription and/or supervision by the vast majority of the public. The development of nutraceuticals can be achieved through many bioresources and organisms. This review article will discuss the current research on nutraceuticals from different biological sources and their potential use as an agent for improving human health and well-being, as well as the gaps and future perspective of research related to nutraceutical development.


Xs: 7.418986 Ys: 2.7138906 Publish year: 2015 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Traditional Curry Pastes During Sukhothai to Ratthanakosin: The Subjective Experience of the Past and Present abstract: Although there are numerous studies about the traditional curry pastes and Thai food uses claims about the historical development can be divided into nine eras. The research has explored traditional curry pastes’ perceptions of such features and how these might relate to religion and a royal court. Perceptions of curry pastes are influenced by individual and societal factors, local raw materials, and raw materials along the trade routes. Thai food has been influenced by Indian curry and Chinese stir frying techniques. In fact, traditional curry pastes and Thai food has its own culinary style. The traditional curry paste in Sukhothai to Ratthanakosin is heavily influenced continued by religion and a royal court. Traditional curry paste usually contains fresh light flavors of lemongrass and kaffir lime skin and the soothing effect of coconut cream and coconut milk. The spice ingredients are used in curry paste may differ from home to home or region to region. The delicious spicy and hot Thai foods with a traditional blend of aromatic flavors are popular in the world. Usually Thai people eat three times a day includes meat, salads, soup, noodles, curry, and rice. All the recipes are in the collection of original Thai dishes such as a popular curry and also other curries traditionally processed Thai curry paste products named massaman curry called gaeng massaman and well known of hot and sour soup called tom yum.


Xs: 6.811657 Ys: 3.7018878 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Domestic Cooking Effects of Bambara Groundnuts and Common Beans in the Antioxidant Properties and Polyphenol Profiles abstract: Processing of legumes before consumption has several effects on micronutrients, macronutrients and phytonutrients. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of domestic processing on antioxidant activities and phenolic phytochemicals of the red bambara groundnuts and red beans. The study employed in vitro antioxidant assays (DPPH and FRAP) to screen for antioxidant properties, HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS and Folin Ciocalteu assay to screen for phenolic phytochemical profiles. Domestic cooking displayed positive effects on the antioxidant activity and phenolic phytochemical profiles of the two legumes. The free radical scavenging speed increased 10-fold in the methanolic extract from cooked red bambara groundnuts compared to uncooked. By contrast, the free radical scavenging speed increased 20-fold in the methanolic extract from cooked red beans compared to uncooked. HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS profiles of the cooked red bambara groundnuts and red beans revealed a number of emergent phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids. These data indicate that cooking appear to enhance the nutraceutical profiles of the legumes investigated.


Xs: 6.748843 Ys: 3.7406712 Publish year: 2015 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Physico-chemical and nutritional evaluation of cookies with different levels of eggplant flour substitution abstract: Four types of eggplant – Chinese eggplant (CE), Green Goddess eggplant (GGE), Indian eggplant (IE), and Thai eggplant (TE) – were used to develop cookies (10% and 15% of substitution). Substitution of eggplant flour has significantly increased the nutritional values of cookies (protein, crude fiber, and fat). Eggplant cookies also showed higher total phenolic content (TPC) and free radical-scavenging effect on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical compared to control. IE cookies showed the highest TPC and DPPH values, followed by TE, GGE, and CE. Cookies with 15% substitution level of all eggplant flour had significantly lower peroxide values showing greater stability against rancidity and oxidation compare to control cookies (IE > TE > GGE > CE > control). Incorporation of eggplant flour had significantly increased the hardness and a* values (color parameter) of cookies. Overall, the nutritional value of cookies was improved by the substitution with eggplant flour and IE cookies showed the greatest in terms of overall properties.


Xs: 6.9702873 Ys: 3.1635256 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Mango Seed Kernel: A Bountiful Source of Nutritional and Bioactive Compounds abstract: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is grown worldwide and widely accepted by consumers for its sweet taste and exotic flavor. During consumption and processing of mango, a large quantity of by-products in the form of peel and seeds are generated and generally discarded as waste. Mango waste generated at domestic and industrial levels requires attention and proper solution for its disposal and value addition. In recent past, mango seed kernels and peel have received a great attention, considering their nutritional and pharmaceutical importance. Mango seeds and peel contain a significant amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and some specific bioactive compounds. The mango seed kernel contains 53.34 to 76.81% carbohydrates, 5.20 to 10.48% proteins, 9.84 to 18.0% fat/oil, and 0.26 to 10.60% crude fiber. Specifically, mango seed kernel is a remarkable source of phytochemicals having the potential to improve human health and prevent the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Mango seed kernel possesses phytosterols, carotenoids, tocopherol, polyphenols (mangiferin, hesperidin, vanillin, penta-o-galloyl-glucoside, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, etc.), and phenolic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, etc.). These phytochemicals are known for their high antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antiplatelet aggregation properties. Phytochemicals present in mango seed kernel showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio vulnificus, Candida albicans, and Xanthomonascampestris. This systematic review summarized the nutritional and bioactive compounds of mango seed kernel as a promising food and therapeutic agent including the methods and technologies used for the extraction of phytochemicals.

Graphical abstract


Xs: 6.278655 Ys: 2.9059494 Publish year: 2019 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Efficiency of low dose cyanocobalamin immersion on bioactive compounds contents of ready to eat sprouts (sunflower and daikon) and microgreens (red-amaranth) during storage abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficiency of low dose cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) immersion on biologically active compounds improvement of baby vegetables such as sunflower sprouts, daikon sprouts and red-amaranth microgreens during storage. The baby vegetables were dipped in water (control), 0.05 or 0.1 μM cyanocobalamin for 5 min and then stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 9 d. We found that cyanocobalamin immersion, especially at 0.1 μM, could induce antioxidant capacity and certain biologically active compounds such as total phenols and flavonoids concentrations of all baby vegetables when compared to control samples. Cyanocobalmin delayed the loss of ascorbic acid concentration in sunflower sprouts but had no influence on the change in ascorbic acid concentration of daikon sprouts and red-amaranth microgreens during storage. The treatments did not affect the changes in total chlorophylls and carotenoids concentrations of sunflower and daikon sprouts during storage. Interestingly, 0.1 μM cyanocobalamin immersion enhanced betacyanin, betaxanthin and total betalains concentrations of red-amaranth microgreens during storage. These results indicated that low dose cyanocobalamin, vitamin B12, is a new potential natural agent improving health beneficiary bioactive compounds in ready to eat baby vegetables during cold storage.


Xs: 7.1910796 Ys: 3.12291 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Determination of Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activities in Edible Flowers abstract: In the present study, edible flower samples belonging to 14 different genera were evaluated by employing various in vitro antioxidant assay such as total antioxidant activity determination by CUPRAC and FRAP, total phenolic content and plant pigments viz. Lycopene and β-carotene to investigate their antioxidant potential with specific Phytochemicals composition. The results showed that extracts Vinca Red flower exhibited highest antioxidant capacity viz. CUPRAC 32.33 µmol trolox/g followed by Vinca Pink 30.46 while, least was observed in Gomphrina 4.983 µmol while its counterpart FRAP was highest (2.07 µmol /g) in poppy as well as in Vinca pink and least (0.22) in wild salvia. The total phenolic content (TPC) was found to be highest in Pusa Narangi (2282.54 µg GAE/gfw). A negative correlation was found between phenols and three carotenes. β-Carotene was found to have negative correlation with the three antioxidant factors (CUPRAC, FRAP and Phenols) while lycopene and total caroteniods showed a positive correlation with CUPRAC and FRAP. The results revealed the presence of antioxidants, phenols and caroteniods in most of the flowers confirming flowers as a potential source of these phytonutrient.


Xs: 5.9310455 Ys: 1.9559081 Publish year: 2015 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Lentil and Kale: Complementary Nutrient-Rich Whole Food Sources to Combat Micronutrient and Calorie Malnutrition abstract: Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a nutritious food and a staple for millions of people. Not only are lentils a good source of energy, they also contain a range of micronutrients and prebiotic carbohydrates. Kale (Brassica oleracea v. acephala) has been considered as a health food, but its full range of benefits and composition has not been extensively studied. Recent studies suggest that foods are enrich in prebiotic carbohydrates and dietary fiber that can potentially reduce risks of non-communicable diseases, including obesity, cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. Lentil and kale added to a cereal-based diet would enhance intakes of essential minerals and vitamins to combat micronutrient malnutrition. This review provides an overview of lentil and kale as a complementary nutrient-rich whole food source to combat global malnutrition and calorie issues. In addition, prebiotic carbohydrate profiles and the genetic potential of these crops for further micronutrient enrichment are briefly discussed with respect to developing sustainable and nutritious food systems.


Xs: 6.364763 Ys: 4.4993806 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: A Comparison of Nutritional Values, Bioactive Compounds, Amino Acids, and Antioxidant Activities of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Plant and Pellet for Use as Beneficial Material Ruminant Feed abstract: Aqueous extracts of whole alfalfa plants (AP) and alfalfa pellets (APe) were examined for nutritional values, bioactive compounds (total phenolic content (TPC), phenolic compounds (PC), total flavonoids content (TFC), flavonoids compounds (FC), isoflavones), amino acids (AA) and antioxidant activity of AP and APe assessed via a DHHP radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The potential ingredients in the form of AP and APe were used to evaluate the nutritional values measured by chemical composition, and to investigate bioactive compounds, AA and antioxidant activity to further contribute to use as a feed ingredient or application as a high-value alternative feed supplement in the ruminant diet. Crude protein and tannins were higher in the APe (18.17 and 3.08 %) than the AP (16.21 and 1.80 %). Higher content of organic matter, crude fiber, neutral-detergent fiber, acid-detergent fiber, acid-detergent lignin was observed for AP than APe. The TPC and TFC were more abundant in AP than in APe and AP also showed stronger antioxidant activity via DPPH than APe, with positive correlations of TPC, TFC and DPPH. The highest values of gallic acid in terms of PC and apigenin in terms of FC of APe were 215.30 and 2278.27 µg/g dry weight (DW), respectively, while the highest levels of genistein and daidzein occurred in AP at 104.37 and 130.91 µg/g DW, respectively. The total of essential AA was found to be in vary the range of 9.33 to 16689.47 µg/g DW in different forms of samples, with valine as the highest (5451 µg/g DW) in APe, followed by phenylalanine (4.30 µg/g DW) in AP.


Xs: 7.2206044 Ys: 2.9213 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidative Activity of Schleichera oleosa Fruit abstract: Schleichera oleosa (Lour) Oken is a plant in the family Sapindaceae found in Thailand. Although the fruit of this plant is popularly consumed, there is a lack of information about its biological activities. This study determined the antioxidant activity of this fruit and identified the active constituents. The peel, juice, and seed parts of the fruit were separated and extracted with ethanol. Total carotenoid, phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin contents were determined by standard spectrophotometric methods. Ascorbic acid and beta-carotene contents were determined by HPLC. Antioxidative activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azobis (3-ethylbenzothialzoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), ferric thiocyanate, and metal chelating activity assays. The total carotenoid content was 11.90-343.57 mg/g extract as beta-carotene equivalents, total phenolic content was 4.06-9.91 mg/g extract as gallic acid equivalents, total flavonoid content was 2.19-9.18 mg/g extract as quercetin equivalents, and total anthocyanin content was 0.20-2.81 mg/g extract calculated as mg cyanindin-3-glucoside. Levels of ascorbic acid and beta-carotene were highest in the juice extract. Peel extract showed the highest antioxidative activity in the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC assays, while the juice extract showed the highest antioxidative activity in the ferric thiocyanate and metal chelating assays. Seed extract showed the least antioxidant activity. High levels of antioxidant compounds in extracts from the peel and juice parts of S. oleosa fruit corresponded with high antioxidant activities.


Xs: 7.322054 Ys: 2.1703596 Publish year: 2016 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Biological Activities of Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult.: A Concise Review abstract: Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. and Schult. is a succulent shrub commonly known as desert rose belongs to the family Apocynaceae. Adenium obesum is a native of Africa but nowadays is cultivated in several parts of the world including India as a popular ornamental plant. This plant represents one of the richest sources of phytochemicals such as glycosides and posses great potential for pharmaceutical and piscicultural applications. This review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed study of the literature on biological activities of Adenium obesum. It shows remarkable anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, trypanocidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal, antioxidant and piscicidal activities. This review concludes that Adenium obesum has a great potential to treat various diseases, and could be used as a source for novel healthcare products in the near future, which requires further experimentation.


Xs: 7.951095 Ys: 2.19652 Publish year: 2012 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Effects of Thai Musa species on prevention of UVB-induced skin damage in mice abstract: The effects of oral administration of Musa sapientum and Musa suerier on prevention of UVB induced skin damages were investigated in male ICR mice. Animals were orally administered 50mg/day ascorbic acid, or M. sapientum or M. suerier's fruit pulps at dose of 0.5, 1 or 1.5mg/g body weight/day for 12weeks. Concurrently, the shaved backs of animals were irradiated with UVB for 12weeks. The intensity of irradiation was progressively increased, from 54mJ/cm(2) per exposure at week 1-126mJ/cm(2) at week 11. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in skin elasticity (from 0.82±0.02 to 0.42±0.09) and total glutathione (from (193.6±18.7 to 152.7±7.8ng/mg protein) as compared with the control group (water-administered UVB-irradiated mice) was observed after 12weeks of UVB exposure. When l-ascorbic acid (0.72±0.01) or 1mg/g body weight/day M. suerier (0.84±0.06) were administered to UVB-irradiated mice, the reduction in skin elasticity was significantly inhibited (p<0.05). Moreover, the significant increase (p<0.05) in level of total glutathione was found in these groups (220.8±13.3ng/mg protein for l-ascorbic acid and 224.9±20.1ng/mg protein for M. suerier). These findings suggest the potential effect of daily consumption of M. suerier on prevention of skin damage from repeated UVB exposure.


Xs: 6.1042185 Ys: 1.9356308 Publish year: 2014 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Potential of Underutilized Traditional Vegetables and Legume Crops to Contribute to Food and Nutritional Security, Income and More Sustainable Production Systems abstract: Agriculture is under pressure to produce greater quantities of food, feed and biofuel on limited land resources. Current over-reliance on a handful of major staple crops has inherent agronomic, ecological, nutritional and economic risks and is probably unsustainable in the long run. Wider use of today's underutilized minor crops provides more options to build temporal and spatial heterogeneity into uniform cropping systems and will enhance resilience to both biotic and abiotic stress. Many traditional vegetables and underutilized legume crops are an essential source of vitamins, micronutrients and protein and, thus, a valuable component to attain nutritional security. Vegetables in general are of considerable commercial value and therefore an important source of household income. Significant research, breeding and development efforts are needed for a range of promising crops to convert existing local landraces into competitive varieties with wide adaptation and promising commercial potential. Access to genetic diversity of these selected crops is a pre-condition for success. Three underutilized minor crops—amaranth, drumstick tree, and mungbean—are highlighted and briefly described. All three crops are well-represented in AVRDC's genebank with substantial inter-and intra-specific genetic diversity, and already have demonstrated their potential for wider adoption and commercial exploitation.


Xs: 2.9243608 Ys: 2.8480508 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Dietary sources of drug-metabolizing enzymes: From production to regulation abstract: The catalyzing power of enzymes is the reason for life to sustain. Food can augment or deplete the influence on the production of drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). Nutrient diversity like macro- and micronutrients, feeding time, starvation, and fasting duration affect the production of liver enzymatic proteins differently. Different types of dietary proteins have the escalating potential of hepatic microsomal CYP450 enzymes and liver weight. Essential fatty acids especially phosphatidylcholine can enhance the functions of DMEs. The type of fatty acid and the quantity of fats in the diet is a great dietary factor for inducing DMEs production. The calorie restriction to a certain limit and intermittent fasting was found beneficial and had positive effects on liver detoxification and production of CYP450 enzymes. But malnutrition is strongly associated with liver dysfunction as well as drug metabolism. Intraindividual diet-induced drug metabolism is a complex process; however, the latest researches showed that a diet rich in antioxidants and amino acids can enhance the hepatic drugs metabolizing enzyme production and enhance detoxification.


Xs: 8.257524 Ys: 4.1345043 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Black rice: A review from its history to chemical makeup to health advantages, nutritional properties and dietary uses abstract: Rice is the most popular food variety globally and is consumed as a staple food due to its high nutritional value. It is primarily black rice because of its rich anthocyanin levels, carbs, lipids, proteins, dietary fibres and minerals. Consumers are increasingly more aware of consuming healthy foods to maintain good health. Because of the strong demand from consumers, cultivars are now more interested in developing black rice due to its high anthocyanin content. The rice appears black because of the presence of anthocyanin in rice bran. Lysine, tryptophan and other essential amino acids are found in black rice. It also contains many antioxidants, the first line that protects against free radical damage and helps maintain good health. This rice type offers several health advantages and may reduce the risk of several ailments, including chronic ones. There are several health benefits associated with eating black rice. Atherosclerosis is lessened, the digestive system is strengthened, high blood pressure is stabilized, allergies are lessened, the body is cleansed, diabetes is better controlled, weight loss is more manageable and cancer development is slowed. It is now used in different food industries as a substitute for wheat due to its high nutritional profile, increasing protein digestion and decreasing starch digestion. This variety is also gluten-free and gluten-sensitive consumers can consume it. Black rice's history, chemical makeup and nutritional and functional qualities are all examined in this study. Black rice scientifically verified therapeutic benefits are the focus of this study paper.


Xs: 7.385449 Ys: 2.2596312 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Impact of Drying Processes on Phenolics and In Vitro Health-Related Activities of Indigenous Plants in Thailand abstract: Thailand has vast areas of tropical forests with many indigenous plants, but limited information is available on their phytochemical profile and in vitro inhibitions of enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions. This study investigated phenolic profiles using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS/MS), antioxidant activities, and in vitro inhibitory activities of 10 indigenous plants on key enzymes related to obesity (lipase), diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and Alzheimer’s disease (cholinesterases and β-secretase). The nonenzymatic anti-glycation reaction was also investigated. The 10 indigenous plants were Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth, Alpinia malaccensis (Burm.) Roscoe, Careya arborea Roxb., Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Swartz, Kaempferia roscoeana Wall., Millettia brandisiana Kurz., Momordica charantia, Phyllanthus emblica L., Zingiber cassumunar Roxb, and Zingiber citriodorum J. Mood & T. Theleide. Preparations were made by either freeze-drying or oven-drying processes. Results suggested that the drying processes had a minor impact on in vitro inhibitions of enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions (<4-fold difference). P. emblica was the most potent antioxidant provider with high anti-glycation activity (>80% inhibition using the extract concentration of ≤6 mg/mL), while D. esculentum effectively inhibited β-secretase activity (>80% inhibition using the extract concentration of 10 mg/mL). C. arborea exhibited the highest inhibitory activities against lipase (47–51% inhibition using the extract concentration of 1 mg/mL) and cholinesterases (>60% inhibition using the extract concentration of 2 mg/mL), while Mi. brandisiana dominantly provided α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors (>80% inhibition using the extract concentration of ≤2 mg/mL). Information obtained from this research may support usage of the oven-drying method due to its lower cost and easier preparation step for these studied plant species and plant parts. Furthermore, the information on in vitro inhibitions of enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions could be used as fundamental knowledge for further investigations into other biological activities such as cell culture or in vivo experiments of these health-beneficial plants.


Xs: 5.8637457 Ys: 2.1479576 Publish year: 2013 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Plants, Diet, and Health abstract: Chronic disease is a major social challenge of the twenty-first century. In this review, we examine the evidence for discordance between modern diets and those on which humankind evolved as the cause of the increasing incidence of chronic diseases, and the evidence supporting consumption of plant foods as a way to reduce the risk of chronic disease. We also examine the evidence for avoiding certain components of plant-based foods that are enriched in Western diets, and review the mechanisms by which different phytonutrients are thought to reduce the risk of chronic disease. This body of evidence strongly suggests that consuming more fruits and vegetables could contribute both to medical nutrition therapies, as part of a package of treatments for conditions like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and obesity, and to the prevention of these diseases. Plant science should be directed toward improving the quality of plant-based foods by building on our improved understanding of the complex relationships between plants, our diet, and our health. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology Volume 64 is April 29, 2013. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/catalog/pubdates.aspx for revised estimates.


Xs: 7.7047153 Ys: 2.2215905 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: A Narrative Review on the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potentials of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau Leaves as an Alternative Source of Future Medicine abstract: The application of natural products and supplements has expanded tremendously over the past few decades. Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans), which is affiliated to the Acanthaceae family, has recently caught the interest of researchers from the countries of subtropical Asia due to its medicinal uses in alternative treatment for skin infection conditions due to insect bites, microorganism infections and cancer, as well as for health well-being. A number of bioactive compounds from this plant’s extract, namely phenolic compounds, sulphur containing compounds, sulphur containing glycosides compounds, terpens-tripenoids, terpens-phytosterols and chlorophyll-related compounds possess high antioxidant activities. This literature search yielded about one hundred articles which were then further documented, including the valuable data and findings obtained from all accessible electronic searches and library databases. The promising pharmacological activities from C. nutans leaves extract, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-venom, analgesic and anti-nociceptive properties were meticulously dissected. Moreover, the authors also discuss a few of the pharmacological aspect of C. nutans leaves extracts against anti-hyperlipidemia, vasorelaxation and renoprotective activities, which are seldom available from the previously discussed review papers. From the aspect of toxicological studies, controversial findings have been reported in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. Thus, further investigations on their phytochemical compounds and their mode of action showing pharmacological activities are required to fully grasp both traditional usage and their suitability for future drugs development. Data related to therapeutic activity and the constituents of C. nutans leaves were searched by using the search engines Google scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct, and accepting literature reported between 2010 to present. On the whole, this review paper compiles all the available contemporary data from this subtropical herb on its phytochemistry and pharmacological activities with a view towards garnering further interest in exploring its use in cardiovascular and renal diseases.


Xs: 6.9691844 Ys: 2.2672625 Publish year: 2019 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Comparative analysis of the antioxidant, antibacterial and plant growth promoting potential of five Indian varieties of Moringa oleifera L abstract: The aqueous and ethanolic leaves and seeds extract of M. oleifera varieties, ‘Jaffna’ ‘PKM-1’ (Periyakulam-1), ‘PKM-2’ (Periyakulam-2), ‘ODC’ and ‘Conventional’ were analyzed for their free radical scavenging effect on DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) and ABTS (2, 2-azinobis,3-ethyl-benzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid). The DPPH and ABTS activity (based on IC50 values) trend with leaves extract was: Conventional > ODC > PKM-2 > PKM-1 > Jaffna and Conventional > ODC > PKM-2 > PKM-1 > Jaffna respectively. Similarly, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of seeds extract was: Conventional > ODC > PKM-2 > PKM-1 > Jaffna and Conventional > ODC > PKM-2 > PKM-1 > Jaffna respectively. The trend observed with total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) values for both leaves and seeds extracts was: Jaffna > PKM-1 > PKM-2 > ODC > Conventional. The antibacterial activity (disc-diffusion method) of the aqueous and ethanolic leaves and seeds extracts of the five varieties on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus showed a similar trend: Jaffna > PKM-1 > PKM-2 > ODC > Conventional. A comparative assessment of the plant growth promoting potential of the leaves extracts on Stevia rebaudiana was also performed. The trend observed was: Jaffna > PKM-1 > PKM-2 > ODC > Conventional. Therefore, the comparative study reveals that ethanolic leaf and seed extracts of Jaffna variety possess strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties with a high TPC and TFC, as compared to the other varieties. It also exhibits a promising plant growth promoting activity. Thus, this variety can be explored further as a reliable source of natural bacteriostatic agent, antioxidants and plant growth enhancer.


Xs: 2.8422472 Ys: 2.0595992 Publish year: 2024 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Diet, exercise, and supplements: what is their role in the management of the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in children? abstract: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the main cause of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. Indeed, epidemiological studies have shown that MASLD affects up to 40% of children with obesity. Despite the recent approval of medications that target weight loss in adolescents that could have benefits on pediatric MASLD, lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise, remain the mainstay of our therapeutic approach. More specifically, studies on diet alone have focused on the possible role of carbohydrate or fat restriction, albeit without a definite answer on the best approach. Weight loss after dietary intervention in children with obesity and MASLD has a beneficial effect, regardless of the diet used. In relation to the role of exercise in MASLD reversal, indirect evidence comes from studies showing that a sedentary lifestyle leading to poor fitness, and low muscle mass is associated with MASLD. However, research on the direct effect of exercise on MASLD in children is scarce. A combination of diet and exercise seems to be beneficial with several studies showing improvement in surrogate markers of MASLD, such as serum alanine aminotransferase and hepatic fat fraction, the latter evaluated with imaging studies. Several dietary supplements, such as vitamin E, probiotics, and omega-3 fatty acid supplements have also been studied in children and adolescents with MASLD, but with equivocal results. This review aims to critically present available data on the effects of lifestyle interventions, including diet, exercise, and dietary supplements, on pediatric MASLD, thus suggesting a frame for future research that could enhance our knowledge on pediatric MASLD management and optimize clinicians’ approach to this vexing medical condition.


Xs: 7.3235793 Ys: 3.2350836 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of fresh and freeze-dried selected fruit juices abstract: Objective: The objective of this investigation was to assess the biological activity of fresh fruit juices and freeze dried fruit juices including antioxidant and antibacterial activity.Methods: The fruits used in this study were Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken, Carissa carandas L., and Sandoricum koetjape (Burm.f.) Merr. The fresh juice sample (FJS) was extracted and also prepared for freeze drying sample (FDS) by freeze dryer. The antioxidant capacity of FJS and FDS was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays and determination for total phenolic contents (TPCs) by Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent. Antimicrobial tests were carried out by agar diffusion methods and evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition against 10 isolates of pathogenic bacteria.Results: The highest antioxidant activity of FJS and FDS was found in S. oleosa and related to the scavenging effect on DPPH radical of FJS (100% concentration) and FDS (200 mg/ml) was found in the value of 93.05±0.31% and 82.18±0.33%, respectively. TPC of FJS and FDS from S. oleosa at the same concentration as in the DPPH assay was 1,003.53±1.96 ug GAE/300 g of matter and 827.77±23.15 ug GAE/100 ml of matter, respectively. Both FJS and FDS revealed antibacterial activity. The zone of inhibition of FJS was ranging from 8.3±0.6 to 24.0±1.0 mm and FDS values of 7.3±0.5-21.0±0.9 mm. The most potent sample against bacteria was FJS and FDS from S. oleosa which FJSs against Escherichia coli ESBL and FDS against Pseudomonas aeruginosa MDR2.Conclusion: Fruit juices of S. oleosa, C. carandas, and S. koetjape associated with antioxidant activity in the form of both fresh fruit juices and FDS. The result of this study showed that the value of DPPH and TPCs were slightly decreased in FDS compare with fresh juice. Screening of FJS and FDS of C. carandas revealed broad spectrum antibacterial activity. However, FJS of S. oleosa and S. koetjape showed inhibition of growth of bacteria, but few of FDS from these fruits could inhibit limited bacterial isolates. For antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria, the samples of fresh and freeze dried exhibited a different degree of activity.


Xs: 6.2442484 Ys: 2.3983045 Publish year: 2010 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.) abstract: Study on Genetic Diversity was conducted with 45 Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes at the field of farm division Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during March-June 2006. Fourteen quantitative characters viz. days to 50% flowering, time between fruit set and maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, fruit pedicel length, vitamin-C content and dry fruit yield per plant were taken into consideration. The analysis of variance revealed remarkable variability among the genotypes for the character concerned. Cluster analysis was used for grouping of 45 chilli genotypes and the genotypes were fallen into six clusters. Cluster I and cluster III had maximum (11) and cluster II had the minimum number (3) of genotypes. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster II and IV and the lowest between cluster I and IV. Cluster II (D=4.91) have highest intra-cluster distance and the lowest in cluster I (D=3.41). The characters plant height and number of secondary branches per plant contributed maximum towards divergence among the chilli genotypes. Considering diversity pattern and other agronomic performance the genotypes C40 and C38 from cluster IV, the genotype C18 from cluster II, the genotypes C41 and C37 from cluster V may be taken into consideration as better parents for an efficient hybridization program.


Xs: 7.4370103 Ys: 3.7540615 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Palm sap sugar an unconventional source of sugar exploration for bioactive compounds and its role on functional food development abstract: Palm sap sugar is a sweetener which is made from the sap or nectar collected from different varieties/species of palm trees. It has huge scope as an alternative sweetener in Indian market. It is a natural alternative to unhealthy cane sugar and is more beneficial for farmers as well. Some of its characteristic features are low GI value and its macro (Glucose: 0.49–86.90 g/100 ml, Fructose: 0.26–1.61, Sucrose: 5.30–27.00 g/100 ml) and micro (K: 65.28–1326.0, Na: 2.85–117.5, Mg: 0.54–31.00, Ca: 0.24–79.00 mg/100 ml) nutritional content. Palm sugar also has impact on colour, aroma and taste profile of the final product. The taste, sensory profile and nutritional attributes of palm sugar vary on the basis of its species, region of growth and climatic conditions. At present, traditional processing of palm sap leads to lower yield and higher expenses. There is huge potential in the field of development in processing techniques (Traditional processing, spray drying, membrane technology, and vacuum drying) to optimize the production of palm sugar. Palm sugar and other products from different parts of palm can be used to make a variety of other value-added products like toffees, chocolates, cola, toddy wine, candy, and palm vinegar etc. The purpose of this review paper is to summarise the composition of palm sap, distinctive qualities of the extracted sap, various production procedures, nutritional and physico-chemical properties of palm sugar, and the development of functional foods using palm sugar.


Xs: 7.113288 Ys: 3.5517921 Publish year: 2016 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Effect of pasteurisation and storage on bioactive compounds in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) from a beverage perspective abstract: Hibiscus Sabdariffa (Roselle) is popular as a beverage in countries within Africa, Asia and South America. Benefits of Roselle, demonstrated in vivo, include lowering cholesterol and reducing raised blood pressure. These benefits have been attributed to Roselle phenolic compounds; Anthocyanins in particular. This study monitors the effects of processing and storage life on these compounds in a Roselle extract. An aqueous extract of Roselle (90oC,20mins) was pasteurised (85oC,25mins) and stored for 90days at room(21oC), refrigeration(4oC) and freezing(-21oC) temperatures and analysed for total phenolic (TP) content, total anthocyanins (TA) and antioxidant properties at different time points. Initial values for TA, antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and TP contents were 42.3±4.57 mg Cyanidin-3-Glycoside/L Roselle extract, 140.23±21.42 g Ascorbic Acid Equivalent/L and 132.75±3.32 mg Gallic acid equivalent/L respectively. Overall, there was no effect of pasteurisation on TP, TA and antioxidant activity. However, there was a significant effect of storage temperature and time particularly evident extracts stored at room temperature; resulting in a 70% loss of TA from initial. There was also an effect of storage time on TA content and antioxidant capacity. Pasteurisation with cold temperature storage within 90 days did not result in significant changes in Roselle bioactive.


Xs: 7.1842284 Ys: 3.9839916 Publish year: 2013 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Sustainable utilization of oil palm wastes for bioactive phytochemicals for the benefit of the oil palm and nutraceutical industries abstract: For a hectare of oil palm plantation, about 21.63 tonnes of biomass comprising 20.43 % empty fruit bunches, 5.09 % palm kernel shells, 11.65 % oil palm trunks, 50.30 % oil palm fronds and 12.53 % palm pressed fibre is produced per year as wastes which keep raising many environmental concerns as most of them are incinerated and dumped at open sites. Oil palm wastes are found to contain phytochemicals which have anti-cancer, antioxidants and other vital biological activities. About 17–65 kg of carotenoids, 0.1–60 kg phenolic compounds, 0.6–39 kg sterols and 4.0–62 kg tocols could be extracted from these wastes which would not only boost the economy but also help improve human health and promote clean environments. This study assesses the phytochemistry of oil palm wastes and their pharmacological activities beneficial to the nutraceutical industry with the view of utilizing oil palm wastes for sustainable development.


Xs: 4.3360004 Ys: 1.0609086 Publish year: 2013 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Socio-economic profile of street food vendors and microbiological quality of ready-to-eat salads in Lomé abstract: Rapid urbanization leads many inhabitants of our young cities to adopt collective food for their daily nutritional needs. This situation may be a risk for consumers due to microbial contamination from street environment and bad practices related to hygiene. The present study aimed to correlate socioeconomic profile of street food vendors and the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetable salads served by food shops in Lomé. The data were gathered from 45 food shops owners using semi structured questionnaires. The microbiological quality of 69 RTE vegetable salads purchased from food shops was also assessed using the standardized routine methods adopted in the West African Economic and Monetary Union countries. The results showed that the street food sector is dominated by females, and 71.11% of them attended school. They lacked training on food hygienic and sanitary practice, and personal hygiene was not observed. Salmonella spp. was not detected in any of the samples evaluated, but almost 25% of the samples were contaminated by S. aureus. The percentage of samples positive for indicator of food safety lack germs like Total aerobic bacteria, Total coliforms, Thermotolerant coliforms were 100, 100 and 37.68 respectively; corresponding to conformity rates of 14.49, 11.59 and 81.16 respectively. As for Aerobic sulfite reducing bacteria, Yeast and Mould, the percentages were respectively 11.59, 78.26 and 72.46 with conformity: 92.75, 68.11 and 94.20. The level of the microbial contamination of the RTE salads collected from collective eating places in Lomé may present a potential health hazard to consumer. In this regards, regular inspections of food premises and education of food vendors has been recognised as one of the measures to ensure improvement of the quality of street foods.


Xs: 6.365698 Ys: 2.1363368 Publish year: 2024 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Microgreens on the rise: Expanding our horizons from farm to fork abstract: Escalating public health concerns necessitate innovative approaches to food sources. Microgreens, nutrient-rich seedlings of vegetables and herbs, have gained recognition as functional foods. This review explores the evolution of microgreens, cultivation methods, biochemical changes during germination, nutritional content, health benefits, and commercial significance. Comprehensive studies have demonstrated that microgreens have an elevated level of various nutrients. Further, in vitro and in vivo research validated their antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and antidiabetic properties. Microgreens, termed “desert food,” show promise for sustainable food production in climate-vulnerable regions. This paper synthesizes recent research on microgreens, addressing challenges and gaps in understanding their nutritional content and health benefits. It contributes valuable insights for future research, fostering sustainable agriculture and enhancing understanding of microgreens in human health and nutrition.


Xs: 6.8997755 Ys: 3.629466 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Microbial biotechnology approaches for conversion of pineapple waste in to emerging source of healthy food for sustainable environment abstract: One of the most significant and difficult jobs in food sustainability, is to make use of waste in the vegetable and fruit processing sectors. The discarded fruits along with their waste materials, is anticipated to have potential use for further industrial purposes via extraction of functional ingredients, extraction of bioactive components, fermentation. As a result of its abundant availability, simplicity and safe handling, and biodegradability, pineapple waste is now the subject of extensive research. It is regarded as a resource for economic development. This vast agro-industrial waste is being investigated as a low-cost raw material to produce a variety of high-value-added goods. Researchers have concentrated on the exploitation of pineapple waste, particularly for the extraction of prebiotic oligosaccharides as well as bromelain enzyme, and as a low-cost source of fibre, biogas, organic acids, phenolic antioxidants, and ethanol. Thus, this review emphasizes on pineapple waste valorisation approaches, extraction of bioactive and functional ingredients together with the advantages of pineapple waste to be used in many areas. From the socioeconomic perspective, pineapple waste can be a new raw material source to the industries and may potentially replace the current expensive and non-renewable sources. This review summarizes various approaches used for pineapple waste processing along with several important value-added products gained which could contribute towards healthy food and a sustainable environment.


Xs: 8.058828 Ys: 4.058096 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Effects of milling on aromatics, lipophilic phytonutrients, and fatty acids in unprocessed white rice of scented rice ‘Cheonjihyang-1-se’ abstract: To understand effects of milling, scented rice ‘Cheonjihyang-1-se’ was milled from 10 to 140 s and changes in volatiles, phytonutrients, and fatty acids were evaluated. Among 43 identified odor-active compounds, four volatiles, including hexan-3-one, exhibited decreases of up to 78%, while four others including (E)-non-2-enal, increased following milling. Levels of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, the most distinctive popcorn-flavoring compound in scented rice, were not affected by the degree of milling (DM). Partial least squares discriminant analyses of volatiles were able to differentiate white rice according to the DM. Benzene and 2-pentylfuran showed the highest variable importance in projection scores, which could be applied in estimating the DM of rice. Milling significantly decreased tocopherols, tocotrienols, squalene, phytosterols contents and oleic acid composition, while palmitic acid composition was increased. These results suggest milling-dependent variations in phytonutrient levels and lipid composition, as well as changes in aroma and subsequent market quality, in ‘Cheonjihyang-1-se’ rice.


Xs: 5.8834114 Ys: 1.8406605 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Nutrient Biofortification of Staple Food Crops: Technologies, Products and Prospects abstract: All through the human history it was recognised that food plays a significant role in sustaining health. It has now come to be realised that (a) food security measures have hitherto addressed only the calorie intake and that micronutrient security is an integral part of food security, and (b) prevention of disease with nutrition is better than struggling to cure them with medicine. The Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) aimed to reduce the numbers of the hungry and chronically undernourished to 500 million by 2015, but this did not happen. There are still 795 million hungry people and half the world population is either undernourished or malnourished. Rich people and rich countries have achieved some amount of nutritional security through diverse interventions such as industrial fortification and supplementation of micronutrients. The poor and the underdeveloped countries have not made any appreciable progress in improving food and nutritional security. It has long been felt that biofortification, the enrichment of staple food crops with nutrients, would facilitate increased nutrient intake without additional expense or effort. While there have been some products of crop biofortification through conventional breeding, this route proved to be inadequate. The advent of genetic engineering technologies has opened up new avenues to crop biofortification. Although over two dozen impressive products have been developed through genetic engineering achieving quantitative and qualitative improvement of diverse micronutrients, antitech activist pressure and governmental indifference have blocked commercialisation of these products. It is an urgent need to bring in a rigorous but proactive biosecurity regulatory regime and promote commercialisation of the hitherto developed products and to encourage new products for the benefit of the poor in the developing countries. This chapter addresses these issues and discusses among other things, (a) the biological roles of macro- and micronutrients in sustaining our health, (b) the strategies to enhance their intake, (c) the process of quantitative and qualitative enhancement of nutrients in food crops, (d) the technologies used and being developed now for biofortification, (e) biofortified food crops awaiting commercial release, (f) the future prospects of food crop biofortification and (g) recommendations to promote nutritional security in the developing countries.


Xs: 6.2942095 Ys: 2.8068185 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Evaluation of tomatoes fruits flesh colour, beta-carotene and lycopene content abstract: The phenotypes of tomatoes in various varieties (lines) were investigated including lycopene and beta-carotenet contents on tomato flesh fruits. Results showed that the fruits of var SL08 (N30B Orange) gave the highest lycopene and tomato var SA (40A Red) gave the lowest lycopene. Moreover, tomato var. SL06 (39B Pink) has the highest beta-carotene content and tomato var. SL02 (33A Yellow-Orange) has the lowest beta-carotene content. It can be concluded that phenotype characters of tomato varieties (lines) in colour of flesh fruits are related to lycopene and beta-carotene content. These preliminary results can be used for further investigation of different genotypes of tomato and relate its fruit flesh colour to the expression of target genes, lycopene beta-cyclase and lycopene epsilon-cyclase genes.


Xs: 7.779624 Ys: 2.6364648 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: A comprehensive review on nutritive value, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities of Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora abstract: The genus Ocimum has many species belonging to the Lamiaceae family that are used to treat various diseases and disorders. Ocimum basilicum has been found to contain over 200 chemical components in different plant parts. The bioactive components showed the presence of α-linalool, camphor, limonene, thymol, citral, β-linalool, estragole, etc. O. basilicumexhibits anti inflammatory, antioxidant, antiulcer, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, anticancer, wound-healing activities, etc. They have also been used to treat fevers, digestive issues, stomach cramps, nausea, gastritis, migraine, diarrhea. This review
aims to provide information about the chemical compounds and biological activities of O. basilicum var thyrsiflora (Thai basil). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review outlining the innovative ethnomedicinal approach to oral health care that, through its strong phytoconstituents, has the potential to improve modern medicine.


Xs: 7.3247128 Ys: 2.254852 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Anti-cancerous effect of corn silk: a critical review on its mechanism of action and safety evaluation abstract: Cancer is a broad collection of diseases that can begin in almost any organ or tissue of the body. Corn silk is the hair-like stigmata of female maize flowers which is generally discarded as waste from maize cultivation. The current study targets the anti-cancer potential of corn silk and its bioactive compounds namely, polyphenols, flavonoids, and sterols. The polyphenols and flavonoids like quercetin, rutin, apigenin and beta-sitosterol are a range of compounds from corn silk which were investigated for their anticancer effect. Corn silk showed apoptotic and antiproliferative effects in cancer cells through different signalling pathways, essentially the serine/threonine kinases (Akt)/lipid kinases (PI3Ks) pathway. The study revealed that corn silk compounds target immune cell responses, induce cell cytotoxicity, and upregulate the expression of proapoptotic genes p53, p21, caspase 9, and caspase 3 in certain cancer cell lines including HeLa cervical cancer cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, PANC-02 pancreatic cancer cells and Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Flavonoids derived from corn silk enhance T cell mediated immune response and decrease inflammatory factors. Corn silk bioactive compounds were found to reduce the side effects of cancer therapy. Antioxidants of corn silk, quercetin and rutin help in reducing the nephrotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. The study also suggests that corn silk has anti-cancerous potential as it targets tumour suppression and inhibits metastasis A dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of corn silk has been found safe for human consumption. Corn silk extract can be used as a preventive or therapeutic step to cure cancer. The anti-cancer property, mechanism and role of corn silk in controlling cancer-related side effects have been critically reviewed providing new scope for the use of corn silk in cancer therapy.


Xs: 6.2053 Ys: 2.3817222 Publish year: 2014 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: CONSERVED COLLARD LANDRACES ARE ABUNDANT AND DIVERSE SOURCES OF ALIPHATIC GLUCOSINOLATES abstract: Aliphatic glucosinolates form an important class of metabolites in Brassicas whose cognate isothiocyanates may provide chemoprotective effects in humans. Although certain B. oleracea crops have well documented glucosinolate profiles, collard (Brassica oleracea L. subsp. oleracea convar. acephala var. viridis) remains relatively unexplored. Recently, 85 collard landraces were collected from the coastal plain region of the southeastern United States from seed savers and farmers. In the last few decades, the diversity of cultivated collards has likely been diminished due to the wide scale adoption of commercial F1 hybrid cultivars. The objectives of this study were to: [a] compare glucosinolate profiles within commercially available collard cultivars against a pool of recently conserved collard landraces held within the National Plant Germplasm collection; [b] identify any accessions with a particularly distinct or abundant glucosinolate profile (i.e. elevated glucoraphanin); and [c] determine the potential of Brassica oleracea L. viridis as a target for chemoprotective based plant breeding.


Xs: 4.011292 Ys: 5.444013 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Mitigating rumen methane and enhancing fermentation using rambutan fruit peel powder and urea in lactating dairy cows abstract: The experiment was designed to study the use of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) with urea (U) supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane (CH4) production, milk production and composition in lactating dairy cows. Four Holstein crossbred lactating dairy cows, with starting liveweight of 450 ± 15 kg with 130 ± 10 DIM (days‐in‐milk), were randomly allocated to respective treatments: without supplementation (control; T1), supplementation of urea (U) at 90 g/hd/day (T2), supplementation of RP at 450 g/hd/day (T3) and supplementation of RPU (RP at 450 g/hd/day and U 90 g/hd/day) (T4), respectively, using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The results showed that the U, RP and RPU supplementation did not change feed intakes (p > 0.05) and digestibilities of DM and OM were similar. However, digestibilities of CP and NDF were increased in the U and RPU groups (p < 0.05). Acetate production was decreased, while propionate production was dramatically increased (p < 0.05) in both the RP and RPU groups respectively. Notably, the ratio of C2:C3, protozoal population and CH4 production was reduced in both the RP and RPU groups. In addition, nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion were significantly higher while nitrogen retention was increased in the U and RPU groups. Allantoin excretion and absorption, microbial protein synthesis and efficiency of microbial N supply were increased in the U and RPU supplementation groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, milk yield, milk fat and total solids were significantly enhanced in the U and RPU groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 3.5% FCM was increased (p < 0.05) while milk protein, lactose, solids‐not‐fat and milk urea nitrogen were not altered (p > 0.05). Supplementation of either U or RPU significantly improved fibre digestibilities, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, reduced protozoal population, mitigated CH4 production and enhanced milk yield and milk composition.


Xs: 8.251231 Ys: 3.9961832 Publish year: 2024 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: The molecular and metabolic events behind different germination stages of rice seeds: A metabolomics perspective abstract: Seed germination is a crucial stage for the completion of plants' life cycle. The process of seed germination is a very important phenomenon for agricultural food and crop production and to understand the underlying food chemistry. Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) being easy to grow and cheap source of phytonutrients is a fundamental food crop across the world. Several researches are going on for years to improve the production of rice, ameliorate the deadly bacterial or fungal diseases utilizing genetics, transcriptomics and proteomics aspects. Metabolomics is a very new arena of research in this field. With the help of modern day metabolomic tools and technologies, researchers are incessantly trying to unveil the metabolic construction of rice seeds and new to this topic is seed‐germination. The principal aim for this review on metabolomics of germinating rice seeds is to have a big picture on the key molecular, cellular and metabolic events of germination. This review tries to summarize all the available data to fulfill the aforesaid aim.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Xs: 6.33874 Ys: 2.164123 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Nutrient rich foods in human diet as immunity boosters abstract: Adequate nutrients are required for all kinds of cells to develop immune systems in the body. Among edibles, seeds are enriched with proteins, healthy fats, dietary fibres and minerals such as magnesium potassium, calcium, iron and zinc and contain vitamins such as B1, B2, B3 and vitamin E. Nuts have high calorific value, unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fibres, proteins, antioxidants, vitamins E, B6, folic acid, niacin and minerals such as magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, selenium, phosphorus and potassium and less saturated fats and cholesterols. Among vitamins, A, C, E, D and B6; minerals including zinc, selenium and amino acids like glutamine play a vital role on developing immune systems in the body. Most of the indigenous fruits of India are underutilized and under-exploited and are rich in vitamins, minerals, nutrients and has medicinal potential. As source of essential vitamins, micronutrients, protein, antioxidants and other phytonutrients, traditional vegetables, underutilized legume crops, spices, edible mushrooms and medicinal plants have the potential to play a major role in developing strategies to attain nutritional security. In the present review,


Xs: 6.8184133 Ys: 3.3415227 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: The Second Life of Citrus Fruit Waste: A Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds abstract: Citrus fruits (CF) are among the most widely cultivated fruit crops throughout the world and their production is constantly increasing along with consumers' demand. Therefore, huge amounts of waste are annually generated through CF processing, causing high costs for their disposal, as well as environmental and human health damage, if inappropriately performed. According to the most recent indications of an economic, environmental and pharmaceutical nature, CF processing residues must be transformed from a waste to be disposed to a valuable resource to be reused. Based on a circular economy model, CF residues (i.e., seeds, exhausted peel, pressed pulp, secondary juice and leaves) have increasingly been re-evaluated to also obtain, but not limited to, valuable compounds to be employed in the food, packaging, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. However, the use of CF by-products is still limited because of their underestimated nutritional and economic value, hence more awareness and knowledge are needed to overcome traditional approaches for their disposal. This review summarizes recent evidence on the pharmacological potential of CF waste to support the switch towards a more environmentally sustainable society.


Xs: 8.366635 Ys: 3.9120593 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Rice bran constituents: Immunomodulatory and therapeutic activities abstract: Rice bran, one of the most abundant and valuable byproducts produced during the rice milling process, is of steadily growing interest in recent years due to its potential health benefits. Evidence is rapidly accumulating for the beneficial effects of nutraceuticals. However, the potential benefits of rice bran are found in several of its bioactive ingredients including oils, polysaccharides, proteins, and micronutrients. In addition, a significant advantage of rice bran is that it contains more than 100 antioxidants and several categories of bioactive phytonutrients, such as polyphenols, phytosterols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, B vitamins, minerals, and trace minerals. As an immunomodulator, rice bran has beneficial constituents such as polysaccharides, proteins, and oils. Numerous studies also reported that potent antioxidants in rice bran included immune system enhancing compounds, such as phytosterols, polysaccharides, minerals and trace minerals including magnesium, selenium, zinc, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids and several other phytonutrients. We believe that this review will be a valuable resource for more studies on rice barn as a dietary source.


Xs: 4.0175943 Ys: 5.395086 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: The Effect of Indigo (Indigofera tinctoria L.) Waste on Growth Performance, Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, Hematology and Immune Response in Growing Beef Cattle abstract: This experiment was conducted to assess the effect of indigo waste on the feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, hematology, immune response and growth performance in growing beef cattle. Twenty crossbred beef cattle with an initial body weight (BW) of 145 ± 11 kg were fed four levels of indigo waste for 90 days in a trial. Additions of indigo waste at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% in a concentrate diet using a completely randomized design (CRD). Cattle were fed concentrate at 1.8% BW, with rice straw fed ad libitum. The concentrate intake decreased linearly (p = 0.01) with the addition of indigo waste. The supplementation with indigo waste reduced dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility cubically (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively), while increasing neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility cubically (p = 0.02). The final BW of beef cattle decreased linearly (p = 0.03) with the addition of indigo waste. The inclusion of indigo waste decreased the average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) linearly (p < 0.01) from 0 to 90 days. The nutrient digestibility, ADG and G:F of beef cattle fed 10% indigo waste in the diet was similar when compared with the control (0% indigo waste). The ruminal pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH 3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were similar among treatments (p > 0.05). The proportion of acetate increased linearly (p < 0.01) but propionate decreased linearly (p < 0.01), resulting in an increase in the acetate to propionate ratio (p < 0.01) when cattle were fed with indigo waste supplementation. Increasing indigo waste levels did not influence blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, hematological parameters or immune responses (IgA, IgM and IgG) (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of indigo waste at 10% in a concentrate diet did not have a negative effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, hematology, immune function or growth performance in growing beef cattle.


Xs: 5.2049685 Ys: 1.348961 Publish year: 2002 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Meeting the challenges of micronutrient deficiencies in emergency-affected population abstract: Micronutrient deficiencies occur frequently in refugee and displaced populations. These deficiency diseases include, in addition to the most common Fe and vitamin A deficiencies, scurvy (vitamin C deficiency), pellagra (niacin and/or tryptophan deficiency) and beriberi (thiamin deficiency), which are not seen frequently in non-emergency-affected populations. The main causes of the outbreaks have been inadequate food rations given to populations dependent on food aid. There is no universal solution to the problem of micronutrient deficiencies, and not all interventions to prevent the deficiency diseases are feasible in every emergency setting. The preferred way of preventing these micronutrient deficiencies would be by securing dietary diversification through the provision of vegetables, fruit and pulses, which may not be a feasible strategy, especially in the initial phase of a relief operation. The one basic emergency strategy has been to include a fortified blended cereal in the ration of all food-aid-dependent populations (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees/World Food Programme, 1997). In situations where the emergency-affected population has access to markets, recommendations have been to increase the general ration to encourage the sale and/or barter of a portion of the ration in exchange for locally-available fruit and vegetables (World Health Organization, 1999a,b, 2000). Promotion of home gardens as well as promotion of local trading are recommended longer-term options aiming at the self-sufficiency of emergency-affected households. The provision of fortified blended foods in the general ration has successfully prevented and controlled micronutrient deficiencies in various emergency settings. However, the strategy of relying only on fortified blended foods to prevent micronutrient deficiencies should be reviewed in the light of recurring evidence that provision of adequate supplies of these foods is often problematic. Donor policies on the bartering or exchange of food aid should also be clarified. Furthermore, the establishment of micronutrient surveillance systems, including standardized micronutrient deficiency diagnostic criteria, are vital for the control of micronutrient deficiency diseases.


Xs: 5.277171 Ys: 1.218191 Publish year: 2024 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: The Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices abstract: Diners increasingly say they want to eat healthier, more sustainable diets. But it can be hard to change old habits. WRI’s "Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices" gives food service operators the latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes.


Xs: 6.1458454 Ys: 2.873405 Publish year: 2016 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Fruits and vegetables as dietary sources of antimutagens abstract: Mutation is the process leading to heritable changes in the genetic material of an organism and caused mainly by the external factors, including chemical and physical agents, or can also occur spontaneously due to errors in DNA replication, repair, and recombination. Agents contributing to the mutagenic burden in the environment could be from industrial sources, wide spectrum applications of biocides in the agriculture, and other contaminants. As many of these mutagenic chemicals can induce severe disorders in humans including cancer and a large spectrum of inherited diseases, it is important to detect such mutagenic agents precisely and rapidly, and also look for an approach to combat them. Natural occurring dietary antimutagens primarily from health protective foods such as fruits and vegetables could provide a mechanism to counteract the deleterious effect of these mutagens. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that one-third of all cancer deaths are preventable and that diet is closely linked to cancer prevention. These health protective phytochemicals particularly antimutagenic ones could provide an effective solution to these concerns. The current review deals with understanding of the mutagenic events, methods of its analysis and a brief compilation of the existing scientific findings related to the dietary sources having potential to counteract the effects of the mutagenic exposures from different sources. The review would provide an opportunity to look into the science, think about the possible future perspectives and mechanism to translate the outcome of the scientific research for benefits of the mankind.


Xs: 7.448791 Ys: 2.0863225 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Phenolic profiles and in vitro biochemical properties of Thai herb ingredients for chronic diseases prevention abstract: Traditional remedies using natural ingredients have been handed down over generations, providing collective information for the development of modern therapeutics. These natural products have a long history of safe consumption with curative effects but lack of scientific-based evidence hinders the mass production of new remedies containing active ingredients with particular medicinal properties. This research investigated the phenolic profiles and biochemical properties of 29 herbal ingredients identified in two traditional Thai remedies, Prasachandaeng (PSCD) and Chantaharuethai (CHRT), and their effectiveness in combating chronic diseases. These two traditional remedies are used to reduce fever but some ingredients have been previously reported to possess other health-related properties. Statistical analysis by TOPSIS indicated that Biancaea sappan (L.) Tod. extract exhibited the highest overall closeness coefficient (C) score analyzed from all variables including total phenolic contents, antioxidant potentials, and enzyme inhibitions. Bouea macrophylla Griff. extract showed potential as an effective agent against diabetes through inhibition of two carbohydrate degrading enzymes, α-glucosidase and α-amylase, while Dischidia major (Vahl) Merr. showed strong properties as an anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme, leading to the control of hypertension. Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen effectively controlled the progression of Alzheimer’s disease through the inhibition of cholinergic and β-amyloid formation enzymes. These results can be used as preliminary data for the development of new remedies to prevent or treat particular chronic diseases.


Xs: 4.061886 Ys: 5.3766823 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Effect of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo) pellet supplementation and dietary ratios on rumen characteristics, microorganisms, methane production, milk yield, and milk composition in dairy cows abstract: The aim of the previous research was to evaluate the effects of Brazilian spinach pellet (BSP) supplementation and dietary ratios on rumen characteristics, methane estimation, and milk production in dairy cows. Four crossbred Thai dairy cattle, with Holstein Friesian (HF) cows with a body weight of 442 ± 50 kg were assessed in a 2 × 2 factorial in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to obtain diets; factor A was the roughage (R) to concentrate (C) ratio at 40:60 and 30:70, and factor B was level of BSP supplantation at 2% and 6% of dry matter (basis) intake (DMI). R:C ratio and supplementation of BSP had no interaction effect on DMI and nutrient digestibility. On DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake, the R:C ratio increased (p < 0.05). The digestibility of OM improved (p < 0.05) when cows were fed a R:C ratio of 30:70. On pH, ammonia-nitrogen, protozoal population, and blood urea-nitrogen, there were no interactions between the R:C ratio and BSP supplementation. Increasing the BSP supplementation to 6% (p < 0.01) decreased the protozoal population. The R:C ratio of 30:70 increased total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and propionate (C3) concentrations while decreasing the acetate (C2) to C3 ratio and methane (CH4 ) estimation (p < 0.01). The average concentration of total VFA has increased by 114.46 mmol/L for 6% of BSP supplementation. Increased BSP supplementation increased the C3 concentration while decreasing the C2:C3 ratio and CH4 emissions (p < 0.05). The R:C ratio and BSP supplementation had no interaction effect on milk yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), or milk composition. The R:C ratio of 30:70 increased milk yield (p < 0.05) to the highest level of 12.18 kg/day. In conclusion, the diet containing a R:C ratio of 30:70 increased feed intake, milk yield, BUN, total VFA, and C3 concentration, and decreased the C2:C3 ratio and CH4 emission. BSP supplementation at 6% could increase TVFA and C3 concentrations while decreasing the protozoal population and CH4 estimation.


Xs: 5.302155 Ys: 1.5693839 Publish year: 2019 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Bridging the Food Security Gap: an information‐led approach to connect dietary nutrition, food composition and crop production abstract: Background:
Food security is recognised as a major global challenge, yet human food chain systems are inherently not geared towards nutrition, with decisions on crop and cultivar choice not informed by dietary composition. Currently, food compositional tables and databases (FCT/FCDB) are the primary information source for decisions relating to dietary intake. However, these only present single mean values representing major components. Establishment of a systematic controlled vocabulary to fill this gap requires representation of a more complex set of semantic relationships between terms used to describe nutritional composition and dietary function.

Results:
We carried out a survey of 11 FCT/FCDB and 177 peer reviewed papers describing variation in nutritional composition and dietary function for food crops in order to identify a comprehensive set of terms to construct a controlled vocabulary. We used this information to generate a Crop Dietary Nutrition Data Framework (CDN-DF), which incorporates controlled vocabularies systematically organised into major classes representing nutritional components and dietary function. We demonstrate the value of the CDN-DF for comparison of equivalent components between crop species or cultivars, for identifying data gaps, as well as potential for formal meta-analysis. The CDN-DF also enabled us to explore relationships between nutritional components and functional attributes of food.

Conclusion:
We have generated a structured Crop Dietary Nutrition Data Framework that is generally applicable to the collation and comparison of data relevant to crop researchers, breeders and other stakeholders, and will facilitate dialogue with nutritionists. It is currently guiding establishment of a more robust formal ontology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Xs: 6.876107 Ys: 3.054734 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Physicochemical, nutritional, bioactive compounds and fatty acid profiling of Pumpkin flower (Cucurbita maxima), as a potential functional food abstract: The edible flowers and its several products gaining its importance as functional food. Pumpkin flower mainly consumed in India and Mexico but due to lack of scientific research there is a neophobia among people. The objective of the paper is to analyse the physicochemical, biochemical properties, proximate analysis, antioxidant activities, anthocyanin content and fatty acid profiling. The fresh pumpkin flower was having an average moisture content of 85% (wb) with a dimension of 90 × 51 x 22 mm (l x w x t). The (L, a*, b*) value signifies the bright yellow color having gumminess (26 g) and chewiness (4.70 mJ). In this study the nutritional properties of the pumpkin flower were also determined and significant amount of Sodium (11.5 mg/100 g), Potassium (18.2 mg/100 g), Calcium (17.6 mg/100 g), phenol (17.39 µg/ml), flavonoid (17.13 µg/ml), antioxidant (51.65%DPPH) and anthocyanin (10.3 mg/100 g) was present. Among several fatty acids’ oleic acid (21%), myristic acid (15.99%) and stearic acid (15.19%) was maximum. The presence of several phytonutrients and fatty acids makes pumpkin flower a potential source of functional food in near future.

Graphical abstract


Xs: 3.9845881 Ys: 5.430813 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Rumen fermentation kinetics as impacted by red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, L) leaf powder using in vitro gas production technique abstract: Background
A need for research searching for alternative rumen enhancers warrants immediate attention. The in vitro fermentation experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement of two factors of roughage to concentrate and seven level of red amaranth leaf powder percentage of total substrate in a Completely randomized design (CRD). Two factors, namely Factor A was two ratio of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) at 60:40 and 40:60 and Factor B was level of red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, L) leaf powder (RALP) supplementation at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12% of total dietary substrate.

Results
Red amaranth leaf powder (RALP) contained phytonutrients both condensed tannins and saponins in addition with high macro minerals (Ca, K, and Mg). This experiment revealed innovations of the RALP supplementation by enhancing rumen propionate (C3) production, reducing acetate (C2) to (C3) ratio, reducing protozoal population and mitigating methane (CH4) production. Furthermore, rumen dry matter degradation percentages were remarkably enhanced (P < 0.001) by increasing RALP supplementation.

Conclusion
Plants rich in phytonutrients and minerals such as red amaranth leaf powder (RALP) have a vital and promising role in modulating rumen fermentation, mitigating methane production, as well as increasing substrate degradability.


Xs: 7.203054 Ys: 3.278217 Publish year: 2013 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of different parts of mangosteen ( Garcinia mangostana Linn.) extracts abstract: Introduction. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is a tropical fruit that is famous for its edible pulp. This edible pulp makes up only 30% of the total fruit, while the remaining pericarp and seed are regarded as waste. Facing the increasing public demand for naturally safe foods and products, our study aimed to elucidate the antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of different parts of mangosteen, including the pericarp, pulp and seed. Materials and methods. The antioxidant capacities of mangosteen's pericarp, pulp and seed extracts were determined using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, whereas antibacterial activity was determined using the disc diffusion method. Results. The pericarp extract exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than those of pulp and seed extracts, with a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) value of 122.00 μM·g-1 and ferrous sulphate equivalent antioxidant capacity (FEAC) value of 18.99 mM·g-1. All mangosteen extracts showed strong inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC11632, while only the pericarp extract was effective against Bacillus cereus ATCC10876. No inhibition against Escherichia coli ATCC10536 was observed. Conclusion. The outcomes of our study could facilitate future application of mangosteen waste as a biopreservative in the food industry.


Xs: 5.5959797 Ys: 1.4875968 Publish year: 2019 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: The Innovation of Functional Foods in Asia: IFFA 2018 abstract: Functional foods (FF) are commonly consumed by Asians, and this trend has increased in recent years. Despite the reported health benefits of FF, it is necessary scrutiny and updates of the underpinning research are important. The first international conference on functional food innovation in Asia (IFFA 2018) took place on January 22nd-24th, 2018, at the University of Phayao, Thailand. Domestic and international speakers, researchers, nutritionists, dieti-cians, research scholars and students shared their knowledge and experience in FF research. Key features were the potential beneficial roles of FF in health and disease, the current situation with FF in Asia and innovative trends. The IFFA 2018 involved 2 keynote speakers, 34 invited speakers and 10 sessions. About 250 people from across Asia participated. Key themes, discussions, innovative opportunities, and future directions to link research in academia with health-directed applications as FF are summarised.


Xs: 7.243362 Ys: 2.3095827 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: A phytopharmacological review on Ananas comosus abstract: Medicinal plants are an immense source of biologically active substances. Ananas comosus is a fruit base medicinal plant belonging to the family Bromeliaceae. In English it is called 'pineapple'. Pineapple is one of the important tropical fruit in the China, India, Costa Rica, Brazil, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Colombia. 100 g of fruit provided 50 kcal energy. Pineapple fruit contained secondary metabolites like phenolic, flavonoid, isoflavone etc. Pineapple fruit and in the pineapple stem consist of an enzyme called 'Bromelain.' Pineapple gives anti-rheumatic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, wound healing, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, uterotonic, anti-oxidant, and anthelmintic activity in the human body. In this review, we have described the taxonomical characteristics, biochemical properties, traditional perspectives, karyotypic analysis, phytochemical investigation, toxicological study, nutritional benefit, and biological activities of Ananas comosus. This review would help researchers in searching for scientific information and a source of new drug discovery approaches in the future.


Xs: 6.7290154 Ys: 2.0851622 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Nutritional and functional properties of Moringa oleifera abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the nutrient composition and functional properties of dried Moringa oleifera leaves collected from two different ecological zones in Bangladesh, Joypurhat and Mymensingh. The proximate analysis revealed that M. oleifera leaves were rich in protein content, ranging from (22.99–29.36%), and low in fat, from (4.03–9.51%), fiber, from (6.00–9.60%), and ash, from (8.05–10.38%). The vitamin C content of fresh M. oleifera leaves ranged from (187.96–278.50 mg/100 g), Ca ranged from (1.322–2.645%), P ranged from (0.152–0.304 g/100 g), and K ranged from (1.317–2.025 g/100 g). The functional properties included WAC (158.00–415.00%), FC (28.30–117.65 mL/l) and FS (333.33–1000 mL/l). Together, these findings indicate that M. oleifera leaves are rich in vital phytonutrients, suggesting a promising balance of food ingredients for human and animal diets.