Xs: 3.8057792 Ys: 1.8314279 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Tropical Oil Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses abstract: The health effects of saturated fat, particularly tropical oil, on cardiovascular disease are unclear. We investigated the effect of tropical oil (palm and coconut oils), lard, and other common vegetable oils (soybean and rice bran oils) that are widely used in tropical and Asian countries on lipid profiles. We performed an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews. Electronic databases (Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched up to December 2018 without language restriction. We identified nine meta-analyses that investigated the effect of dietary oils on lipid levels. Replacement of polyunsaturated fatty-acid-rich oils (PUFAs) and monounsaturated FA-rich oils (MUFAs) with palm oil significantly increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), by 3.43 (0.44-6.41) mg/dL and 9.18 (6.90-11.45) mg/dL, respectively, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), by 1.89 (1.23-2.55) mg/dL and 0.94 (-0.07-1.97) mg/dL, respectively. Replacement of PUFAs with coconut oil significantly increased HDL-c and total cholesterol -by 2.27 (0.93-3.6) mg/dL and 5.88 (0.21-11.55) mg/dL, respectively-but not LDL-c. Substituting lard for MUFAs and PUFAs increased LDL-c-by 8.39 (2.83-13.95) mg/dL and 9.85 (6.06-13.65) mg/dL, respectively-but not HDL-c. Soybean oil substituted for other PUFAs had no effect on lipid levels, while rice bran oil substitution decreased LDL-c. Our findings show the deleterious effect of saturated fats from animal sources on lipid profiles. Replacement of unsaturated plant-derived fats with plant-derived saturated fats slightly increases LDL-c but also increases HDL-c, which in turn may exert a neutral effect on cardiovascular health.


Xs: 4.5902233 Ys: 0.7872651 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Impacts of COVID-19 on Sustainable Agriculture Value Chain Development in Thailand and ASEAN abstract: The unprecedented challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic have put human and food security at risk. Currently, the literature on its impacts and implications on the agricultural sector towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) is limited. This study aims to expand the existing knowledge by assessing COVID-19 impacts on sustainable agriculture value chain development in a major global hub of food supplies, Southeast Asia, particularly in the context of regional cooperation for the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN). This study employs an empirical qualitative research design to collect primary data from 31 in-depth key-informant interviews with multilateral stakeholders. We also reviewed the latest literature for the secondary data to advance our limited knowledge in this realm. Our study provides a macro-analytical outlook of COVID-19 impacts on the agricultural sector for sustainable development in Thailand and ASEAN, using a SWOT analysis and sustainability framework (i.e., socio-economic and environmental dimensions) with SDGs mapping. Our findings address critical sustainability issues about agriculture and food value chains for food security and post-COVID-19 recovery. Our study also suggests various opportunities and policy recommendations for transformative regional sustainability strategies for sustainable agriculture to achieve the UN SDGs and a sustainable future.


Xs: 4.2644587 Ys: 2.3185856 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Supplementation with the Traditional Thai Polyherbal Medicine NawaTab Ameliorates Lipid Profiles in High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats abstract: A tablet formulation developed from Nawametho decoction (NawaTab), a traditional Thai herbal mixture described in the Worayokasan scripture, has been used clinically for several years in the management of borderline hyperlipidemic individuals. Nevertheless, scientific evidence supporting its claims has never been identified. This study aimed to describe the antihyperlipidemic properties of NawaTab in a well-described model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Decoction of Nawametho containing equal quantities of Aegle marmelos (L.), Carthamus tinctorius L., Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., Phyllanthus emblica L., Piper longum L., Piper nigrum L., Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb., Terminalia chebula Retz., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe were prepared. The HFD-fed rats were administered NawaTab for 4 consecutive weeks starting from the ninth week of HFD treatment at a dose of 125 mg/kg (p.o.). Anthropometric parameters, serum lipid profiles, lipase activity, and liver and renal functional markers were measured. Histopathological examination of the liver and any steatosis was carried out at the end of this study. Consecutive treatment with NawaTab (125 mg/kg/day) in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats caused a significant reduction in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, at the tested dose, NawaTab failed to prevent the onset of hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue accumulation. No adverse events due to the consumption of NawaTab on liver and kidney function markers were noted. These findings are the first suggestive evidence for the lipid-lowering capability of NawaTab. However, to promote the use of this formulation in the management of borderline hyperlipidemic patients, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of action, quantification of biological markers, and clinical trials of NawaTab are urgently needed.


Xs: 4.130024 Ys: 3.7823348 Publish year: 2002 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Population dynamics of the calanoid copepod, Acartia tsuensis in a brackish-water pond in the Philippines abstract: The occurrence pattern and population dynamics of Acartia tsuensis were investigated in a brackish-water pond in Panay Island in central Philippines by implementing both bi-monthly and daily sampling schemes. A. tsuensis occurred in the pond during the dry season (November-April) when the salinity of the water is in the range of 14 similar to 40 ppt but was completely absent at lower salinities. An almost constant rate of development from the nauplius 2 through to copepodite 5 stages of A. tsuensis was observed both in the pond and in the laboratory. The generation time ranged from 5.9 similar to 11.3 days. Fecundity had a positive linear correlation with chlorophyll a. Salinity and chlorophyll a affect the stage duration, mortality, and fecundity of A. tsuensis in the pond.


Xs: 2.9530895 Ys: 0.6881721 Publish year: 2010 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Health-risk behaviors relate to health problems on annual health check-up abstract: Kongsomboon K, Loetthiraphan S. Health-risk behaviors relate to health problems on annual health check-up. Chula Med J 2010 Sep – Oct; 54(5): Background Annual health check-up is an important process to evaluate health status and identify health risk behaviors i.e. cigarette smoking, sleep deprivation, alcoholic drinking, inadequate exercise, eating unhealthy foods, and unsafe driving. Objective To determine the effect of gender, age group, and health-risk behaviors on health problems. Design Cross-sectional analytic study Materials and Methods Data were collected from 412 persons who went to Her Royal Highness (HRH) Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center for their routine health check-up from November, 2007 to December, 2008. The authors used logistic regression and simple linear regression for multivariate analysis with two-tailed p-value of less than 0.05. Results Men had smoking, eating unhealthy diet and alcohol drinking more than women. Smoking and abdominal obesity increased according to age group. Eating unhealthy diet increased creatinine. Alcohol drinking increased triglyceride and High density lipoprotein (HDL). Adequate exercise increased HDL. Abdominal obesity related to hypertension with odds ratio of 8.65. Men had more obesity and high fasting blood sugar than women with odds ratio of 3.34 and 2.73, respectively.


Xs: 2.851687 Ys: 0.59381187 Publish year: 2014 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Southern Thailand abstract: Objective:
To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women in Southern Thailand.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 361 healthy women (218 premenopausal women and 143 postmenopausal women) in Southern Thailand. Blood pressure, anthropometric indices, fasting plasma glucose and serum lipid levels were measured. MetS was defined according to criteria of the "National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Panel Treatment III" (NCEP ATPIII). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with MetS.

Results:
Waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were significantly higher in postmenopausal women, when compared with premenopausal women (p < 0.05). The prevalence of MetS in postmenopausal women (29.37%), was significantly higher than that of premenopausal women (16.97%) (p = 0.005). The most frequent component of MetS in postmenopausal women was central obesity (58.74%), followed by hypertension (58.04%), high triglyceride (27.97%), low HDL-C (23.08%), and high FPG (11.19%). Multivariate analysis revealed that age and higher body mass index (BMI) increased the risk of developing MetS.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of MetS is higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women, and its significant predictors include age and BMI.


Xs: 4.168724 Ys: 1.3905029 Publish year: 2015 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Biochemical and hematological status of pesticide sprayers in Samut Songkhram, Thailand abstract: Background: There are few epidemiological studies regarding the effects of pesticides on enzymes related to liver function or on the hematological and biochemical parameters in occupationally exposed individuals. Aims: The aim was to evaluate biochemical and hematological parameters in pesticide sprayers. Materials and Methods: Medical history, characteristics of pesticide use, and related symptoms were recorded, and blood samples were collected from farmers at Samut Songkhram, Thailand during the period November-December 2014. Samples were divided into the pesticide sprayer group (N = 30) and the organic farmer group (N = 41). The collected blood samples were prepared for the following purposes: 1) to determine cholinesterase (ChE) activity, blood glucose, liver function test, kidney function test, and lipid profiles, which were analyzed by the automatic analyzer cobas C501 (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland) and 2) to evaluate hematological status using complete blood count (CBC), which was analyzed by Celltac E MEK-7222 (Nihon Kohden, Japan). Results and Discussion: The levels of ChE, blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine between the two groups were also not statistically different and were almost within the reference range. Lipid profiles, including levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), were significantly different between the two groups at P = 0.035, P = 0.049, P = 0.032, and P = 0.043, respectively. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values of pesticide sprayers and organic farmers were lower than the reference range (30.6 ± 1.9 g/dL and 29.9 ± 1.7 g/dL) and were interpreted as anemia. Conclusions: Subchronic exposure to pesticides may alter the metabolism, which can cause hyperlipidemia and also anemia, as observed in this study.


Xs: 4.349426 Ys: 1.9110109 Publish year: 2006 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Toxicity Profiles in Mice Treated with Hepatotumorigenic and Non-Hepatotumorigenic Triazole Conazole Fungicides: Propiconazole, Triadimefon, and Myclobutanil abstract: Conazoles comprise a class of fungicides used in agriculture and as pharmaceutical products. The fungicidal properties of conazoles are due to their inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis. Certain conazoles are tumorigenic in rodents; both propiconazole and triadimefon are hepatotoxic and hepatotumorigenic in mice, while myclobutanil is not a mouse liver tumorigen. As a component of a large-scale study aimed at determining the mode(s) of action for tumorigenic conazoles, we report the results from comparative evaluations of liver and body weights, liver histopathology, cell proliferation, cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity, and serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels after exposure to propiconazole, triadimefon, and myclobutanil. Male CD-1 mice were treated in the feed for 4, 30, or 90 days with triadimefon (0, 100, 500, or 1800 ppm), propiconazole (0, 100, 500, or 2500 ppm) or myclobutanil (0, 100, 500, or 2000 ppm). Alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (AROD) assays indicated that all 3 chemicals induced similar patterns of dose-related increases in metabolizing enzyme activity. PROD activities exceeded those of MROD, and EROD with propiconazole inducing the highest activities of PROD. Mice had similar patterns of dose-dependent increases in hepatocyte hypertrophy after exposure to the 3 conazoles. High-dose exposures to propiconazole and myclobutanil, but not triadimefon, were associated with early (4 days) increases in cell proliferation. All the chemicals at high doses reduced serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels at 30 days of treatment, while only triadimefon had this effect at 4 days of treatment and only myclobutanil and propiconazole at 90 days of treatment. Overall, the tumorigenic and nontumorigenic conazoles induced similar effects on mouse liver CYP enzyme activities and pathology. There was no specific pattern of tissue responses that could consistently be used to differentiate the tumorigenic conazoles, propiconazole, and triadimefon, from the nontumorigenic myclobutanil. These findings serve to anchor other transcriptional profiling studies aimed at probing differences in key events and modes of action for tumorigenic and nontumorigenic conazoles.


Xs: 4.3147593 Ys: 2.6337504 Publish year: 2016 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: The Effect of Mulberry Fruits Consumption on Lipid Profiles in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial abstract: Mulberry (Morus alba) fruit is abundant nutrients and phytochemicals, especially anthocyanins. Mulberries have anti-oxidant and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects both in vitro and animal models. However, the effect of mulberry fruits on lipid profiles in human is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mulberry fruit consumption on lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic subjects. This study is an experimental study, with a randomized controlled trial. Fifty-eight hypercholesterolemic subjects (aged 30-60 years) were recruited. The intervention group received freezedried mulberry 45 g (325 mg anthocyanins) per day for six weeks. The control group had their usual dietary intake for the same period of time. After six weeks, mulberry consumption significantly decreased the level of total cholesterol (TC) (- 3.73 % vs. 3.33 %, p < 0.001) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (- 6.53 % vs. 0.15 %, p < 0.001) compared to the control group. No change in triacylglycerol (TAG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Mulberry consumption ameliorates TC and LDL-C concentrations. The mulberry fruits may be an alternative therapy for hypercholesterolemia patients and a cardiovascular disease protective for people in general.


Xs: 5.9068303 Ys: 0.11578893 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Proximate Composition of Thai and Cambodian Ready-to-Eat Insects abstract: Samples of ready-to-eat snacks based on Lethocerus indicus, Gymnogryllus vietnamensis, Tarbinskiellus portentosus, Teleogryllus mitratus, Bombyx mori, Omphisa fuscidentalis, and Cybister limbatus were purchased in Cambodia and Thailand, and their proximate chemical composition (including Na and Cl) was analysed. Comparing the results with the few existing references from the literature (based on unprocessed specimens), marked differences occurred. This was expected as the insect chemical composition varies strongly intra- and interspecifically due to taxon, feeding, instar, and processing, among others. In general, the insects mainly consisted of fat (35 to 60%) and protein (25 to 38%), with 2 to 16% nitrogen-free extract, 2 to 15% fibre, 3 to 5% ashes, 0.4 to 1.6% Na, and 0.6 to 1.4% Cl (dry matter base). In this way, this contribution adds to the compositional knowledge about traditional insect-based foodstuffs. The combination of high fat and protein with low carbohydrates makes them suitable to combat nutrition disorders.


Xs: 3.7274249 Ys: 1.9647722 Publish year: 2012 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: An open study of efficacy, safety and body weight changing in the Blendera-tube fed patients abstract: To determine the efficacy and safety of Blendera in patients with tube feeding.
An open study with twenty-one subjects who required tube feeding in Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital were fed with Blendera for seven days. Nutritional status, weight, laboratory values and complications were assessed on day 0 (baseline), day 3, and day 7.
Tube-fed patients supported with commercial Blendera formula maintained nutritional status safely with the statistically significant improvement of potassium, calcium, magnesium, prealbumin, triglycerides, and HDL, p-value < 0.05. Especially patients with severe malnutrition status were getting better during the feeding period, p-value 0.028. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in weight and nutritional status between genders.
Subjects supported with Blendera are effective in preventing significant weight loss and improves nutritional status without complications. The formula provides all the nutrients when administered daily.


Xs: 3.9222052 Ys: 3.6497095 Publish year: 2018 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: A Mini Review on Antidiabetic Properties of Fermented Foods abstract: In general, fermented foods (FFs) are considered as functional foods. Since the awareness about the health benefits of FFs has increased, the consumption of FF also improved significantly in recent decades. Diabetes is one of the leading threats of the health span of an individual. The present manuscript details the general methods of the production of FFs, and the results of various studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies) on the antidiabetic properties of FFs. The fermentation method and the active microbes involved in the process play a crucial role in the functional properties of FFs. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been reported on the health-promoting properties of FFs, such as anti-inflammation, anticancer, antioxidant properties, improved cognitive function and gastrointestinal health, and the reduced presence of metabolic disorders. The studies on the functional properties of FFs by randomized controlled clinical trials using human volunteers are very limited for several reasons, including ethical reasons, safety concerns, approval from the government, etc. Several scientific teams are working on the development of complementary and alternative medicines to improve the treatment strategies for hyperglycemia.


Xs: 2.805414 Ys: 0.80088705 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Neck circumference as a screening measure for identifying NAFLD among a group of academic employees in Bangkok, Thailand abstract: Neck circumference (NC) reflects the fat deposition in upper body and has potential to be used as a predictor of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Our objectives were to examine the association of NC with NAFLD prevalence, and to determine the optimal cut-off of NC in identifying the presence of NAFLD among the employees of an academic institution in Bangkok, Thailand. In this cross-sectional study, 635 employees of an academic institution underwent anthropometric measurement and transient elastography following an overnight fast. NAFLD was defined as a CAP value >238 dB.m-1. The NAFLD prevalence in men and women were 66.17% and 46.22%, respectively. The mean NCs for men and women with NAFLD were higher (38.53±0.31 cm and 35.83±0.48 cm, respectively) than those without NAFLD (33.58±0.24 and 31.098±0.14 cm, respectively) (p<0.001). Metabolic markers including age, weight, BMI, NC, WC, WHR, FBS, triglycerides were significantly higher, HDL was significantly lower among participants with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD (p<0.05). NC was independently associated with NAFLD among women with OR (95%CI) of 1.17 (1.05, 1.32). The optimal cut-offs of NC to predict NAFLD were 37.07 cm (sensitivity: 70.50%; specificity: 68.90%) and 32.07 cm (sensitivity: 70.70%; specificity: 62.10%), respectively for men and women. NC significantly correlated with NAFLD in women. The optimal cut-off points of 32 cm and 37 cm for men and women, which similar to Chinese populations. Therefore, it can be used as a cost-effective tool to predict NAFLD.
Trial Registration : Thai Clinical Trials Registry ( TCTR20210329006 )


Xs: 3.0353298 Ys: 0.42187428 Publish year: 2008 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Cardiovascular Disease Risks in Hmong Refugees from Wat Tham Krabok, Thailand abstract: No epidemiological studies on cardiovascular disease (CVD) were conducted on Hmong refugees arriving to the U.S. from 1970s to 1990s. This study measured prevalence of CVD and CVD risk factors in Hmong refugees newly arriving from Wat Tham Krabok, Thailand 2004-2006. Cross-sectional study of 1,462 Hmong refugees who received refugee screening exams at seven primary care clinics in St. Paul MN, June 2004-March 2006. In younger age group (N = 988, 0-20 years old), overweight equaled 13.7%, hypertension = 8.2%, pre-hypertension = 9.6% and in a subset, hyperglycemia equaled 20.7% and hyperlipidemia = 13.5%. In older age group (N = 448, >20 years old), overweight equaled 33.4%, obese = 14.8%, hypertension = 16.5%, and pre-hypertension = 36.2%. In a subset, diabetes mellitus = 2.8%, hyperglycemia = 31.7%, hyperlipidemia = 25.8%, renal insufficiency = 9%, and hyperuricemia = 11.7%. Hmong refugees had significant CVD risk factors on arrival. Healthcare providers and public health officers must identify CVD in addition to infectious diseases when refugees arrive in the U.S. and must address long-term care in order to forestall the development of CVD.


Xs: 7.9995923 Ys: 3.8630872 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Bioactive compounds, nutritional benefits and food applications of black rice: a review abstract: Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the nutritional composition, phytochemicals and bioactive compounds of black rice such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds and their health benefits. Black rice has also been used in medicine and for curing diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Green technologies such as microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and pulse electric field assisted extraction are very useful for the extraction of bioactive compounds as these reduce the use of energy and are environmental friendly. Black rice in different forms can be incorporated in various food products such as bakery, dairy and meat products.

Design/methodology/approach
Information and data were collected from different sources such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, online journals available at Banaras Hindu University library, Web of Science and Scopus. A database of more than 80 scientific sources from different sources was made as per the headings and subheadings of the paper.

Findings
Black rice is a type of rice species (Oryza sativa L.) and very good source of various nutrients and one of the nutritious varieties of rice. It is a good reservoir of essential amino acids such as lysine, tryptophan, minerals including iron, calcium, phosphorus, zinc and selenium; vitamins such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and folic acid. Various recent methods of extraction of bioactive compounds from black rice are suggested.

Originality/value
Researchers and scientists have considered black rice as a “Super Food” because of its nutritional profile. Black rice has antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anticancer activity, antihyperlipidemia and antihyperglycemia and anti-allergic activity. There is a need to create awareness among the consumers about its nutritional profile and therapeutic properties.


Xs: 3.761776 Ys: 2.3254735 Publish year: 2015 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Serum Cholesterol Reduction Efficacy of Biscuits with Added Plant Stanol Ester abstract: This study’s aim was to test the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol- (LDL-c-) lowering efficacy of biscuits containing 2 g of plant stanols, which corresponded to 3.4 g of plant stanol esters. The biscuit is a new food format that can be consumed as a snack. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel design study, 119 mildly to moderately hypercholesterolemic volunteers were randomized to plant stanol or control groups. Subjects were comparable in age, gender, lipid profiles, and body mass index. They consumed a control biscuit once a day for a two-week period, followed by a four-week intervention period that either had a plant stanol ester biscuit or a control. During the habitual diet, one biscuit per day was consumed at any time that subjects wished. Serum lipid profiles were measured at the first day of run-in, at baseline, and at the study’s end. Compared to the control, the total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, and the LDL-to-high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) ratio had serum reductions of 4.9%, 6.1%, and 4.3%, respectively, and were observed after 4 weeks of biscuit consumption with added plant stanols (P < 0.05). A significantly higher reduction in LDL-c (8.9%) and LDL/HDL ratio (11.4%) was measured in those taking a plant stanol biscuit with a meal compared to those who consumed a plant stanol biscuit without other food. In conclusion, incorporating plant stanols into a biscuit is an attractive, convenient, and acceptable way to modestly lower elevated cholesterol concentrations. For optimal efficacy, biscuits should be consumed with a meal as part of a healthy diet.


Xs: 4.517339 Ys: 0.75657016 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Characteristics, Threats and Challenges of Shrimp Production among Small-Holder and Commercial Penaeus vannamei Shrimp Farmers in Davao Region, Philippines abstract: Shrimp industry in the Philippines plays a vital role in the economy by contributing a total production in the fisheries sector of 60,000 tons of production and 7,000 tons of shrimp exported in overseas markets such as South Korea, Japan, USA and others. This study aimed to describe the various cultural and operational characteristics of a shrimp farm (Penaeus vannamei) in Davao region, and assessed the current risk and challenges experienced by shrimp farmers during the time of pandemic. This study made use of semi-structured questionnaire and focused on shrimp farmers, operators in the provinces of Davao Oriental, Davao del Sur and Davao de Oro as respondents (N=41 farmers). Results showed that small scale shrimp farming averaged 10 tons/ha per cropping; the highly intensive farms yielded 24 tons/ha per cropping. Most operators used generator machines as source of electricity to facilitate aeration accompanied with paddle wheel and blower in some farms; about 2/3 of the commercial shrimp farms used electricity from electric line. In terms of their expenditures, feed inputs have the highest cost (Php 566,700.00 for small-scale farmers, Php 5,572,900.00 for commercial farms) followed by fry (Php 144,800.00 for small-scale farmers, Php 2,080,000.00 for commercial farms) and fuel/electric bill (Php 114,000.00 for small-scale farmers, Php 4,380,000.00 for commercial farms). The average profit per ha of small holder farmers was Php 1,040,000.00. Most farmers mentioned that their shrimps experienced diseases such as white spot syndrome (60%), black gills (35%) and red tail (5%). The farmers point to contamination from water or poor water quality management which caused this disease. The study recommends that farmers should follow good shrimp aquaculture practices including water quality management.


Xs: 3.0598009 Ys: 0.14788502 Publish year: 2010 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Health, Well-being, and Social Indicators Among Monks, Prisoners, and Other Adult Members of an Open University Cohort in Thailand abstract: This study has brought together two seemingly socially extreme population subgroups to compare their health and social well-being. These groups had in common restricted living arrangements and aspirational enrollment. As well, they are part of the population-based Thai Cohort Study (TCS) of 87,134 adult Open University students residing throughout the country. Analysis was restricted to men aged 20-39 years resulting in 711 monks, 195 prisoners and 29,713 other cohort members. For physical health, we have found certain conditions such as tuberculosis or malaria much more common among prisoners, while goiter and liver diseases were more common among monks. This could be due to prison living arrangements for the former and region of residence for the latter. For other social outcomes, lower trust, higher economic stress and lower personal well-being was noted for prisoners compared to other groups. Findings here with regard to spirituality and religion are encouraging with almost no difference reported between prisoners and other cohort members implying that trust-building and other social intervention for prisoners could be activated through prevalent religious beliefs and practices and with continuing support from Thai prison authorities.


Xs: 3.0391595 Ys: 1.3588897 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Association of CETP Gene Variants with Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Among Thai Patients Treated with Statin abstract: Objective:
Patients treated with statins for dyslipidemia may still have a residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). To determine whether genetic variants in the cholesteryl ester transport protein (CETP), rs3764261 (C>A), rs708272 (G>A), and rs12149545 (G>A) affect ASCVD risk, we studied the association of these variants with dyslipidemia in statin-treated patients.

Patients and methods:
We included 299 adult Thai patients treated with a statin (95 men and 204 women). Genotyping was performed by conducting a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction-based analysis. We used logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders of age, body mass index, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and statin dosage to analyze the association between CETP variants and atherogenic lipoprotein patterns.

Results:
CETP polymorphisms of rs3764261 and rs708272, but not rs12149545, were significantly associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA-I, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-C, and large LDL (LDL1-C) levels as well as mean LDL particle size (all p < 0.020). However, no significant difference was observed in total cholesterol, LDL-C, or apoB levels by CETP variants. Regardless of sex, the combination of rs3764261 (CC genotype) and rs708272 (GG or GA genotypes) showed a stronger association with atherogenic dyslipidemia, including features of decreased HDL-C, elevated triglycerides, and LDL subclass pattern B (odds ratio [OR] = 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.78-5.02) compared with the single variant rs3764261 (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.27-3.50) or rs708272 (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.29-3.49).

Conclusion:
The polymorphisms of CETP rs3764261 (CC genotype) and rs708272 (GG and GA genotypes) may have a higher susceptibility to atherogenic dyslipidemia. Testing for CETP rs3764261 and rs708272 may serve as a surrogate marker for lipid management in statin-treated patients, which may help individualize treatment for reducing the residual risk of ASCVD.


Xs: 2.5284033 Ys: 0.17637646 Publish year: 2007 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Effects of a diabetes self-management program on glycemic control, coronary heart disease risk, and quality of life among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes abstract: Uncontrolled diabetes is a major health problem in Thailand. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a diabetes self-management program on glycemic control, coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, and quality of life in 147 diabetic patients (aged 56.8 +/- 10.2 years). Type 2 diabetic patients who met the research criteria were randomized into two groups for a period of 6 months: the experimental group received the diabetes self-management program and the control group received the usual nursing care. The findings indicated that the experimental group demonstrated a significant decrease in the hemoglobin A(1c) level and CHD risk, with an increase in quality of life (QOL) compared to the control group. The diabetes self-management program was effective for improving metabolic control and the QOL for individuals with diabetes. Further studies should be replicated using larger groups over a longer time frame.


Xs: 2.8597581 Ys: 1.0213065 Publish year: 2008 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Leptin, Soluble Leptin Receptor, Lipid Profiles, and LEPR Gene Polymorphisms in Thai Children and Adolescents abstract: To evaluate the relationships between leptin, soluble leptin receptor, lipid profiles, and LEPR gene polymorphisms in child and adolescent Thai subjects.
Cross-sectional study of Thai children and adolescents.
116 male and 65 female at risk for overweight/overweight child and adolescent Thai subjects, and 33 male and 62 female healthy child and adolescent Thai subjects (age: 5-19 years).
Leptin levels, soluble leptin receptor levels, lipid profiles, LEPR gene polymorphisms.
Significantly higher levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and leptin levels were observed in at risk for overweight/overweight group. On the other hand, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and soluble leptin receptor levels were significantly lower in the same group. Serum soluble leptin receptor levels were significantly negatively correlated with leptin. The at risk for overweight/overweight subjects with the Lys656Lys homozygous wild type LEPR gene had significantly higher cholesterol and LDL-C levels than those with Lys656Asn heterozygous and Asn656Asn homozygous mutant type. In contrast, subjects with Lys656Lys homozygous wild type had significantly lower leptin levels than those with Lys656Asn heterozygous and Asn656Asn homozygous mutant type. There was a statistically significant association between body mass index (BMI) and hyperleptinemia (odds ratio; OR = 2.49, p = 0.000) and females had more increased risk of hyperleptinemia than males (OR = 15.74, p = 0.004) in adolescent Thai subjects.
The present study is the first report of Lys656Asn polymorphism of the LEPR gene associated with cholesterol, LDL-C, and leptin levels in Thai children and adolescents. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in the at risk for overweight/overweight. In contrast, there were significantly lower soluble leptin receptor levels in the same group. In addition, there was a statistically significant association between BMI, sex, and hyperleptinemia in adolescent Thai subjects.


Xs: 4.1115885 Ys: 2.2795055 Publish year: 2003 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: No effect of garlic extract supplement on serum lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects abstract: The authors assessed the effects of an enteric-coated Thai garlic extract tablet standardized for allicin-releasing potential on serum lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic subjects.
The authors performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 136 hypercholesterolemic subjects (cholesterol concentrations > or = 5.2 mmol/L; mean age +/- SD: 47.0 +/- 6.6 yr). All subjects were given dietary advice to lower fat intake within 4 weeks and were advised to eat normally during the study period. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive an enteric-coated Thai garlic extract tablet once daily (standardized to 1.12% allicin or 5.6 mg/tablet), or placebo after the evening meal for 12 weeks. Seventy subjects (32.9% male; mean age +/- SD and BMI of 47.0 +/- 6.6 yr and 24.6 +/- 3.3 kg/m2) received the garlic extract treatment while 66 subjects (37.9% male, mean age +/- SD and BMI of 47.0 +/- 6.0 yr and 24.3 +/- 3.4 kg/m2) received placebo.
There were no statistically significant changes in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol after the 12-week treatment as analyzed on repeated measures by analysis of variance. In addition, no changes in plasma glucose, liver and renal functions were found.
Treatment with an enteric garlic-coated Thai garlic extract and dietary advice did not produce any significant changes in lipid levels in subjects with hypercholesterolemia.


Xs: 3.1287713 Ys: 0.9374283 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol abstract: High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world³ and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.


Xs: 3.7564757 Ys: 2.2242508 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Daily Consumption of Virgin Coconut Oil Increases High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Crossover Trial abstract: This open-label, randomized, controlled, crossover trial assessed the effect of daily virgin coconut oil (VCO) consumption on plasma lipoproteins levels and adverse events. The study population was 35 healthy Thai volunteers, aged 18–25. At entry, participants were randomly allocated to receive either (i) 15 mL VCO or (ii) 15 mL 2% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution (as control), twice daily, for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, participants had an 8-week washout period and then crossed over to take the alternative regimen for 8 weeks. Plasma lipoproteins levels were measured in participants at baseline, week-8, week-16, and week-24 follow-up visits. Results . Of 32 volunteers with complete follow-up (16 males and 16 females), daily VCO intake significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 5.72 mg/dL ( p=0.001 ) compared to the control regimen. However, there was no difference in the change in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels between the two regimens. Mild diarrhea was reported by some volunteers when taking VCO, but no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion . Daily consumption of 30 mL VCO in young healthy adults significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. No major safety issues of taking VCO daily for 8 weeks were reported.


Xs: 6.052955 Ys: -0.38461578 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Opportunities and hurdles of edible insects for food and feed abstract: Entomophagy, the consumption of insects, is promoted as an alternative sustainable source of protein for humans and animals. Seminal literature highlights predominantly the benefits, but with limited empirical support and evaluation. We highlight the historical significance of entomophagy by humans and key opportunities and hurdles identified by research to date, paying particular attention to research gaps. It is known that insects present a nutritional opportunity, being generally high in protein and key micronutrients, but it is unclear how their nutritional quality is influenced by what they are fed. Research indicates that, in ideal conditions, insects have a smaller environmental impact than more traditional Western forms of animal protein; less known is how to scale up insect production while maintaining these environmental benefits. Studies overall show that insects could make valuable economic and nutritional contributions to the food or feed systems, but there are no clear regulations in place to bring insects into such supply systems. Future research needs to examine how the nutritional value of insects can be managed systematically, establish clear processing and storage methodology, define rearing practices and implement regulations with regard to food and feed safety. Each of these aspects should be considered within the specifics of concrete supply and value chains, depending on whether insects are intended for food or for feed, to ensure insects are a sound economic, nutritional and sustainable protein alternative – not just a more expensive version of poultry for food, or soya for feed.


Xs: 3.5167615 Ys: 1.8561836 Publish year: 2012 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: The effect of ingestion of egg and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation on serum lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic women abstract: Egg is a major source of dietary cholesterol. The serum lipid response to egg shows marked individual variation, being partly genetically determined, and influence by ethnic groups and the overall diet response. In the present investigation, we investigated the effect of ingestion of egg and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation on serum lipid profile in hypercholes-terolemic women. Forty hypercholesterolemic women volunteers on a cholesterol-lowering diet (CLD) divided into 2 groups in a randomized controlled cross-over study of one egg per day (CLD + 1 egg) for 4-week and three eggs per day (CLD + 3 eggs) for 4-week, separated by 4-week period egg-free. The body weight, blood pressure, serum lipid profiles and LDL oxidation were measured at 4-week intervals. Cholesterol-lowering diet was applied throughout the study by a dietitian using a food exchange program and 3-day dietary recall every 4 weeks. Compared to the values obtained at baseline, the mean serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol of CLD + 3 eggs was not significantly different from baseline whereas of those of 4-week of egg-free period and CLD + 1 egg were significantly decreased (238.3±2.9 mg/dL and 228.3±4.7 mg/dL) compared to the baseline (252.2±5.9 mg/dL) as was LDL cholesterol (161.2±3.0 mg/dL and 155.7±4.8 mg/dL) compared to the baseline (177.5± 6.0 mg/dL) (p<0.05). The study showed there were no significantly difference the body weight, blood pressure, HDL choles-terol, triglycerides or LDL oxidation during the study. However, serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol of 1 or 3 eggs per day after 4-week of egg consumption was not significantly higher than the egg-free period. The study suggests that in hypercholesterolemic women who are on cholesterol-lowering diet, consuming one or three eggs per day did not raise serum cholesterol or LDL cholesterol levels at 4 weeks or result in any change in LDL oxidation.


Xs: 4.229224 Ys: 1.3238897 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Comparison of Biochemical, Hematological Parameters and Pesticide Expose-related Symptoms among Organic and Non-organic Farmers, Singburi, Thailand abstract: Background: Main of agriculturists in Singburi was cultivated rice and major pesticides' use is chlorpyrifos; however, farmers are applied bio-extracts to eliminate pest and trend to be organic farming. Hence, organic farmers may become lower risks from pesticides rather than non-organic farmers. Aim: To determine biochemical and hematological status between organic and non-organic farmers, Bang Rachan district, Singburi, Thailand. Materials and Methods: Farmers were separated into organic farmer group (N = 35) and non-organic farmer group (N = 45). Individual data for pesticide exposure were included, and pesticide-exposed relating symptoms were recorded. All demographic data of participants were documented before blood collection. Serum samples were analyzed for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity, liver function test, kidney function test, and lipid profiles. Each ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-whole blood was determined for complete blood count (CBC). NaF plasma was analyzed for determine fasting blood glucose. All biochemical parameters were principled according to enzymatic assays and CBC was automatic analyzers. The data were represented in average ± standard deviation, and difference of biochemical and hematological status of two groups was statistically tested by unpaired t-test (P < 0.05). Results and Discussion: Blood glucose and lipid profiles of non-organic farmers were higher than reference ranges and significantly difference with other groups. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and MCH concentration values of non-organic farmers were lower than reference range and interpreted as anemia. Conclusions: Non-organic farmers were suchronic pesticide exposure with normal BuChE values and no related symptom; therefore, subclinical symptoms were disturbed biochemical and hematological status; and prediabetes, dyslipidemia, and anemia appeared.


Xs: 3.6934643 Ys: 2.2054029 Publish year: 2004 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: The Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Coconut Flakes in Humans with Moderately Raised Serum Cholesterol abstract: This study investigated the effect of coconut flakes on serum cholesterol levels of humans with moderately raised serum cholesterol in 21 subjects. The serum total cholesterol of subjects differed and ranged from 259 to 283 mg/dL. The study was conducted in a double-blind randomized crossover design on a 14-week period, consisting of four 2-week experimental periods, with each experimental period separated by a 2-week washout period. The test foods were as follows: corn flakes as the control food, oat bran flakes as the reference food, and corn flakes with 15% and 25% dietary fiber from coconut flakes (made from coconut flour production). Results showed a significant percent reduction in serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (in mg/dL) for all test foods, except for corn flakes, as follows: oat bran flakes, 8.4 +/- 1.4 and 8.8 +/- 6.0, respectively; 15% coconut flakes, 6.9 +/- 1.1 and 11.0 +/- 4.0, respectively; and 25% coconut flakes, 10.8 +/- 1.3 and 9.2 +/- 5.4, respectively. Serum triglycerides were significantly reduced for all test foods: corn flakes, 14.5 +/- 6.3%; oat bran flakes, 22.7 +/- 2.9%; 15% coconut flakes, 19.3 +/- 5.7%; and 25% coconut flakes, 21.8 +/- 6.0%. Only 60% of the subjects were considered for serum triglycerides reduction (serum triglycerides >170 mg/dL). In conclusion, both 15% and 25% coconut flakes reduced serum total and LDL cholesterol and serum triglycerides of humans with moderately raised serum cholesterol levels. Coconut flour is a good source of both soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, and both types of fiber may have significant role in the reduction of the above lipid biomarker. To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted to show a relationship between dietary fiber from a coconut by-product and a lipid biomarker. Results from this study serves as a good basis in the development of coconut flakes/flour as a functional food, justifying the increased production of coconut and coconut by-products.


Xs: 4.5648494 Ys: 2.4093323 Publish year: 2016 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Assessment of the effeCt of lIfestyle iNtervention plus water-soluble ciNnAMon extract On loweriNg blood glucose in pre-diabetics, a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo controlled trial: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial abstract: The World Health Organization predicts that by 2030 diabetes will be the seventh leading cause of death in the world. Multiple studies have tried to determine if cinnamon is an effective treatment for diabetes. Cinnamon extract is an insulin sensitizer, protects mesangial cells, decreases inflammatory markers, and lowers glucose, lipids, and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes, so we developed a protocol to study whether ingestion of water-soluble cinnamon extract prevents progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes.
This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing cinnamon extract versus placebo in subjects with pre-diabetes who have committed to participate in a lifestyle change program. The trial will be conducted at five sites and will include 428 subjects who take cinnamon extract or placebo for 1 year. Follow-up for these subjects will be for a total of 2 years (nine study visits). The primary outcomes to be assessed are 1) conversion of patients from pre-diabetes to diabetes and 2) impact of water-soluble cinnamon extract on hepatic transaminases, renal function, and QT interval on electrocardiogram. Secondary outcomes include changes in HbA1c, lipids, waist circumference, weight, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose. The trial protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the US Air Force 59th Medical Wing, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center (Protocol FWH20110035H). Investigator-sponsored Investigational New Drug status (114078) was granted by the US Food and Drug Administration.
This study will provide high-quality evidence of the efficacy of water-soluble cinnamon extract in conjunction with lifestyle intervention for preventing patients with pre-diabetes from converting to diabetes. Additionally, it will provide important safety information about water-soluble cinnamon extract.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01301521, 18 February 2011.


Xs: 3.79647 Ys: 2.122212 Publish year: 2018 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: The Effects of Tempeh Gembus, an Indonesian Fermented Food, on Lipid Profiles in Women with Hyperlipidemia abstract: Background
Hyperlipidemia is the major precursor of lipid-related diseases. Consumption of high fiber foods may decrease lipid profiles. The fiber content in tempeh gembus is three times higher than regular tempeh.

Objective
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tempeh gembus on lipid profiles in women with hyperlipidemia.

Methods
This research used the quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group design. Subjects were 41 women with hyperlipidemia, classified into 3 groups: control group, treatment group 1 given 103 g/day tempeh gembus, and treatment group 2 given 206 g/day tempeh gembus for 14 days. All of the groups received nutrition education. Total cholesterol and HDL-C were determined by CHOD-PAP method, triglyceride determined by enzymatic GPO-PAP method after subjects had been fasting for approximately 10 hours. LDL-C was calculated by Friedewald equation.

Results
These results showed that consumption of tempeh gembus 103 g/day and 206 g/day decreased LDL-C 27.9% and 30.9% as well as decreased total cholesterol 17.7% and 19.8% respectively. However, HDL-C increased 3.91% and 8.79% and triglyceride increased 2.3% and 3.1%. Tempeh gembus given 206 g/day was more effective to decrease total cholesterol and LDL-C than 103 g/day.

Conclusion
Increasing tempeh gembus consumption in women with hyperlipidemia should be addressed to decrease LDL-C and total cholesterol.


Xs: 4.3300223 Ys: 2.4167917 Publish year: 2010 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Efficacy of Mulberry Leaf Tablets in Patients with Mild Dyslipidemia abstract: Mulberry leaf is well known for its several biological effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of mulberry leaf in non-diabetic patients with mild dyslipidemia. A within-subjects research design was conducted at the out-patient clinic in Thailand. Twenty-three patients who met the NCEP ATP III criteria guideline for dyslipidemia and failed a 4 week diet therapy were enrolled and assigned to receive three tablets of 280 mg mulberry leaf tablet three times a day before meals for a period of 12 weeks. Routine blood analyses including lipid parameters and liver function tests were performed every 4 weeks. At 4 and 8 weeks of mulberry leaf tablet therapy, triglyceride was significantly decreased by 10.2% (p < 0.05) and 12.5% (p < 0.05), respectively, from baseline. At the end of the study, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL were significantly decreased by 4.9% (p < 0.05), 14.1% (p < 0.05) and 5.6% (p < 0.05), respectively, from baseline, whereas HDL was significantly increased by 19.7% (p < 0.05). Even though some patients experienced side effects such as mild diarrhea (26%), dizziness (8.7%) or constipation and bloating (4.3%), mulberry leaf tablet therapy is still capable and safe in reducing cholesterol levels and enhancing HDL in patients with mild dyslipidemia.


Xs: 3.415868 Ys: 0.6436157 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Southeast Asia abstract: Cardiovascular diseases, which include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, and aortic atherosclerosis, constitute the leading cause of death worldwide. In Southeast Asia, the annual mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases is increasing. As there is limited review literature on the risk factors of these diseases in the region, an examination of articles, periodicals, and reports from online databases worldwide can deepen our insights into the risk factors pertaining to Southeast Asian populations. The review finds two main types of factors of cardiovascular diseases that are mainly responsible for the high mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases in Southeast Asia: biological and environmental. Among biological factors, high sodium intake and tobacco consumption account for increased risks of high blood pressure and atherosclerosis, while environmental factors - air pollution and noise pollution - contribute to vasoconstriction, thrombosis, and coronary heart disease. From the findings in this review, an emphasis on regulations and guidelines to address these risk factors can thus reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and solidify the wellbeing of millions in Southeast Asia.


Xs: 3.8662982 Ys: 3.0459383 Publish year: 2011 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) seeds supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid composition of rabbits abstract: An experiment has been conducted to study the effects of increasing levels of Perilla frutescens L. seed (PFS) in the diet on the performance, meat quality traits, lipid oxidation and fatty acid profile of rabbit fat and meat. Thirty weaned, crossbred (Carmagnola Grey×New Zealand) rabbits aged thirty days and weighing on average, 1120±193g, were divided into three groups of 10 (five male and five female rabbits each). Three levels of PFS (0, 5, or 10%) were included in isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. The experimental period lasted 50days. The performance and meat quality traits were not affected by the dietary treatments. The impact of the PFS enrichment of the diets on the oxidative stability of frozen rabbit meat was significant, but with low values and without any important effect on the meat quality. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration in the longissimus dorsi muscle and perirenal fat was significantly increased with increasing PFS inclusion, while the saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of the rabbit meat decreased from 6.53 in the control group, to 1.00 in the 10% PFS group. These results shown that the use of a diet supplemented with PFS is effective in reducing the saturation, atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes in the rabbit tissues.


Xs: 2.7811487 Ys: 0.38953653 Publish year: 2012 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Associated factors of blood pressure control and complications of hypertension in hypertensive rural Thai populations of Baan Nayao, Chachoengsao Province abstract: To assess associated factors of uncontrolled blood pressure and complications of hypertension in hypertensive rural Thai populations.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in hypertensive rural Thai people aged > or =35 years-old in Baan Nayao, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Blood pressure (BP) was measured and questionnaires were answered. After 12-hr fasting, blood samples were taken for determining plasma glucose, lipid profiles and serum creatinine. Morning urine samples were collected for microalbuminuria testing and electrocardiography (ECG) was performed to detect left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
Of the 289 participants (97 males and 192 females) mean duration of hypertension was 4.29 +/- 4.95 years and 61.5% did not achieve target BP control. Among participants who had ECG performed and urine sample investigation, 15.7% demonstrated LVH and 25.3% had microalbuminuria. In uncontrolled BP participants, 20% had LVH and 24.8% had microalbuminuria whereas in controlled BP participants, 7.8% had LVH and 26.1% had microalbuminuria. Uncontrolled BP was associated with males, dyslipidemia, diabetes, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, always having salty food and salts added for seasoning. The independent risks of uncontrolled BP were hypertensive male (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.07-5.76) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.24-5.40). Males were also at risk for LVH (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.31-6.23) and history of lipid disorders was a risk of microalbuminuria (OR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.47-6.67).
Males and metabolic syndrome were independently associated with uncontrolled BP in hypertensive participants. Males had more risk than females to develop LVH and having history of lipid disorders lead to microalbuminuria occurrence. Thus, life style modification may prove beneficial to these rural hypertensive participants.


Xs: 2.9056761 Ys: 1.0563663 Publish year: 2003 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: The relationships between anthropometric measurements, serum vitamin A and E concentrations and lipid profiles in overweight and obese subjects abstract: The weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, serum retinol and alpha-tocopherol and lipid profiles of 16 overweight (BMI > or = 25.0 kg/m2) Thai males and 56 overweight females, compared with 14 males and 58 females in a control group (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), were investigated. Subjects for the study were those persons who turned up regularly for physical check-up at the Outpatient Department, General Practice Section of Rajvithi Hospital, Bangkok. The study was conducted between December 2000-March 2001. Higher levels of cholesterol, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were found in the overweight compared with the control subjects. Statistically significant higher triglyceride levels were found in the overweight compared with the control subjects. The median serum retinol concentration in overweight subjects was 2.80 mumol/L (range 0.53-4.62 mumol/L) compared with 2.97 mumol/L (range 1.21-4.12 mumol/L) in control subjects (p = 0.0736). The median serum alpha-tocopherol concentration in overweight subjects was 17.30 mumol/L (range 6.29-28.65 mumol/L) compared with 18.75 mumol/L (range 5.30-30.28 mumol/L) in control subjects (P < 0.05). The median values of retinol and alpha-tocopherol serum concentrations in the overweight and obese males were lower than those of the overweight and obese females. A total of 6.3% (1 out of 16) and 12.5% (2 out of 16) of the overweight/obese males had decreased retinol and alpha-tocopherol levels, while the overweight/obese females had decreased retinol and alpha-tocopherol level of 1.8% (1 out of 56) and 10.7% (6 out of 56), respectively. A total of 12.5% and 39.3% of the overweight/obese males and females had cholesterol concentrations of > or = 6.48 mmol/l. However, the prevalence of low HDL-C (HDL-C < or = 0.91 mmol/l) was found to be 50% in the overweight and obese males and 10.7% in the overweight and obese females. Statistically significant associations were found between age, cholesterol, LDL-C, and serum alpha-tocopherol in the overweight and obese male and female subjects. A negative correlation was found between weight, BMI, AC, MAMC, hip circumference and serum retinol in both the overweight and obese subjects. A negative correlation was found between weight, BMI, MAMC, waist, hip circumferences and serum alpha-tocopherol in both the overweight and obese subjects.


Xs: 3.5351667 Ys: 1.799976 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: The responses of different dosages of egg consumption on blood lipid profile: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials abstract: Diverse notions exist regarding egg intake, which is one of the main sources of dietary cholesterol, and its effect on blood lipids. We conducted this study to update the previous meta‐analysis for their flaw in calculated effect size. PubMed, Scopus, ISI, and Cochrane were searched up to April 2019, for relevant randomized controlled clinical trials. Mean changes in total cholesterol (TC), LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), triglyceride (TG), very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C), LDL‐C/HDL‐C, TC/HDL‐C, apolipoprotein (apo)A1, and apoB100 were assessed. Meta‐analysis of 66 RCTs with 3,185 participants revealed that egg consumption can significantly increase TC, LDL‐C, HDL‐C, TC/HDL‐C, apoA1/and B100, but there was no significant effect on other serum lipids. Dose‐response analysis showed a linear effect for TC, HDL‐C, ApoA1, ApoB100, and nonlinear for LDL‐C, and TC/HDL‐C. In conclusion, intake of more than one egg daily in less than 12 weeks may increase some blood lipids without any changes in the ratio of LDL‐C/HDL‐C.

Practical applications
There are controversies reports for egg intake, which is one of the main sources of dietary cholesterol. This study provides comprehensive information about the effect of the number of eggs consumed per day (dietary cholesterol) on blood lipids for nutritionists, physicians, researchers, and the general population. In this regard, our results indicated that there is a linear correlation between consumption of greater than one egg per day in a short time (no long time) and increasing lipid profiles which may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, consumption of one egg daily can be safe and this can be a useful recommendation for prevention of cardiovascular disease and promotion of healthy life which indeed are the potential or actual uses of this research.


Xs: 3.5298665 Ys: 0.804274 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Long-term air pollution exposure and serum lipids and blood sugar: A longitudinal cohort study from the electricity generating authority of Thailand study abstract: Only a few studies have investigated the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and alterations of serum lipids and blood sugar level in developing countries. The present longitudinal study examined associations between long-term air pollution exposure and serum lipids [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)] and fasting glucose (FG) in workers of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) in the Bangkok metropolitan region (BMR) of Thailand. We performed secondary analyses using the data obtained from 1,839 participants (mean age, 58.3 years as of 2002) of the EGAT1 cohort study (2002-2012). The average concentration of each air pollutants (PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, and CO) at the district level in BMR from 2002 to 2012 were estimated using the ordinary kriging method. Exposure periods were averaged to 3 months prior to laboratory testing. Linear mixed effects models were used to estimate associations between air pollution and serum lipids and blood sugar. After controlling for potential confounders, an interquartile range increment of PM10, SO2, and CO was associated with elevated LDL-C [6.6% (95%CI: 4.3, 9.0), 11.1% (7.2, 15.2), and 1.9% (1.1, 2.7), respectively] and FG [2.8% (1.5, 4.2), 6.8% (4.5, 9.1), and 1.1% (0.6, 1.5), respectively]. In addition, PM10, SO2, and CO were inversely associated with HDL-C [-1.8% (-3.7, 0.1), -3.3% (-6.2, -0.3), and -1.1 (-1.7, -0.5), respectively]. O3 was negatively associated with TC, LDL-C, TG, and FG. These findings suggest inhalation of air pollutants may increase the risk of impaired metabolism of glucose and lipids.


Xs: 2.1243486 Ys: 1.8604449 Publish year: 2018 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: The effect of low and high glycemic index based rice varieties in test meals on postprandial blood glucose, insulin and incretin hormones response in prediabetic subjects abstract: Evidences have shown that low glycemic index (LGI) and glycemic load (LGL) of rice exert significant benefits to the population who are at risk to type 2 diabetes. LGI rice could minimize the fluctuation of blood glucose and insulin level. This study was aimed to determine the GI values of four new breeding rice varieties developed by using pseudo-backcrossing techniques. Furthermore, the comparison of GI values with that of commercial varieties (Jasmine and Basmati rice) was also described. Twenty two healthy subjects were fed with a reference food and cooked rice varieties containing 50 g available carbohydrate. All the new breeding rice varieties had GI values ranged between 48.1%-66.1%. Moreover, the effect of low GI (PK+4#20A09) and high GI (Jasmine rice) rice in test meals were studied in 12 prediabetic subjects to determine the changes of postprandial blood glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Results showed that LGI-LGL test meal (GI=41.7%, GL=21.3) could significantly lower blood glucose (P < 0.05) at time point 30, 45, 60 and 90 minute and insulin concentration (P < 0.05) at time point 60 minute when compared to that of HGI-LGL (GI=70.3%, GL=35.8). There was increase of GLP-1 level in subjects fed with LGI-LGL test meal whereas the mean GIP was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased at time point 30 and 60 minutes. Our result suggested that new breeding rice, PK+4#20A09, could have beneficial effect on lowering the glycemic response in prediabetic subjects.


Xs: 4.3069615 Ys: 2.3848565 Publish year: 2010 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: The effects of the extracts from Carthamus tinctorius L. on gene expression related to cholesterol metabolism in rats abstract: Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower) is in Thailand traditionally used for a herbal tea for health to reduce cholesteroland prevent atherosclerosis. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of the crude extracts from safflower oncholesterol metabolism in high cholesterol fed rats. The crude extract was fractionated in hexane, dichloromethane, andmethanol. To evaluate the hypolipidemic effect, the safflower extracts were daily fed to normal and hyperlipidemic ratsinduced by 2%-cholesterol diet (W/W) supplementation, at dose of 250 mg/kg body wt. During the 4-week study, bodyweight, food intake, organ weight, and plasma cholesterol levels were evaluated. Animals treated with 2%-cholesterol dietand dichloromethane fraction for a week exhibited decreased body weight. After treatment for 14 and 30 days, a significantreduction in total cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and a significant induction in HDL-cholesterol wereobserved in the hypercholesterolemic rats treated with the dichloromethane extract. Higher expression of SRBI and ABCA1in the liver of the control group was observed after 4 weeks whereas no significant difference in the expression level of SRBIand ABCA1 was found in groups treated with extract after 2 and 4 weeks. The results of this study suggested that thedichloromethane extract can reduce the total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol of hyperlipidemic rats. The expression of SRBIand ABCA1 mRNA may not be regulated by the crude extract of safflower, which may not in part explain the decrease inHDL-cholesterol and gene encoding enzymes of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway.


Xs: 2.7964869 Ys: 0.5668272 Publish year: 2012 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Determining the optimal cutoff points for waist circumference and body mass index for identification of metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome in urban Thai population abstract: This study describes the prevalence and optimal waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) cutoff point for metabolic abnormalities and metabolic syndrome (MS) from urban Thai population. The optimal BMI/WC cutoff has been used for identifying and evaluating metabolic abnormalities for screening individuals having risk factor of MS.


Xs: 3.5351775 Ys: 1.9368049 Publish year: 2013 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Egg Consumption Modulates HDL Lipid Composition and Increases the Cholesterol-Accepting Capacity of Serum in Metabolic Syndrome abstract: We recently demonstrated that daily whole egg consumption during moderate carbohydrate restriction leads to greater increases in plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and improvements in HDL profiles in metabolic syndrome (MetS) when compared to intake of a yolk-free egg substitute. We further investigated the effects of this intervention on HDL composition and function, hypothesizing that the phospholipid species present in egg yolk modulate HDL lipid composition to increase the cholesterol-accepting capacity of subject serum. Men and women classified with MetS were randomly assigned to consume either three whole eggs (EGG, n = 20) per day or the equivalent amount of egg substitute (SUB, n = 17) throughout a 12-week moderate carbohydrate-restricted (25-30 % of energy) diet. Relative to other HDL lipids, HDL-cholesteryl ester content increased in all subjects, with greater increases in the SUB group. Further, HDL-triacylglycerol content was reduced in EGG group subjects with normal baseline plasma HDL-C, resulting in increases in HDL-CE/TAG ratios in both groups. Phospholipid analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that HDL became enriched in phosphatidylethanolamine in the EGG group, and that EGG group HDL better reflected sphingomyelin species present in the whole egg product at week 12 compared to baseline. Further, macrophage cholesterol efflux to EGG subject serum increased from baseline to week 12, whereas no changes were observed in the SUB group. Together, these findings suggest that daily egg consumption promotes favorable shifts in HDL lipid composition and function beyond increasing plasma HDL-C in MetS.


Xs: 2.6796587 Ys: 0.44296005 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: An impact of dietary intervention on blood pressures among diabetic and/or hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular disorders risk in northern Thailand by cluster randomized trial abstract: Background
Global sodium intake remains above the recommended levels to control blood pressure (BP). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a dietary intervention on BP through salt reduction among community‐dwelling participants with high risk of cardiovascular disorders (CVD).

Methods
This cluster randomized trial (February 2012 to January 2013) included cooking instruction using the pocket salt meter among patients with diabetes and/or hypertension who were treated at health center in Thailand. Based on health centers, 8 clusters of eligible participants were randomly allocated to the 4 intervention and 4 control groups. Dietary intervention was performed at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months in intervention group. In both groups, systolic and diastolic BPs, and estimated 24 hours salt intake based on overnight urine samples were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.

Results
A total of 753 participants were enrolled (374 in the intervention group and 379 in the control group). In the mixed‐effects model, there were significant difference in SBP and estimated salt intake after adjusting covariates at 6 months (adjusted differences between groups [95% CI]; −7.55 [−5.61 to −9.49] mm Hg P < .01; −0.66 [−0.40 to −0.92] g/day P = .03). However, these differences were not observed at 12 months (adjusted differences between groups [95% CI]; −1.83 [0.34 to −4.00] mm Hg P = .48; −0.42 [−0.17 to −0.67] g/day P = .16). There were no differences in DBP in both follow‐ups.

Conclusions
These results may suggest the effectiveness of a visually based dietary intervention targeting salt intake reduction in short term, but the effectiveness discontinued in long term.
Clinical trial number: The International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register (ISRCTN39416277) on January 3, 2012.


Xs: 3.501344 Ys: 1.5906827 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: The Assessment of Fatty Acid Composition in Deep-Fried Dough Sticks across Five Cities in China in 2020 abstract: Objective: To analyze and compare the concentrations and dietary intake of different fatty acids (FAs) in deep-fried dough sticks (Chinese fried bread) across various cities in China. Method: Sixty-one deep-fried dough stick samples were collected from five cities (Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Guangzhou, Chongqing, and Hangzhou), and the contents of FA monomers were determined using gas chromatography. Moreover, the dietary FA intake was estimated. Results: The mean FA concentration was 18.83 g/100 g (maximum, 41.59 g/100 g; minimum, 4.88 g/100 g). Polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) accounted for the highest proportion of the total FAs at 41.7% (7.86 g/100 g), followed by monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) at 30.77% (5.79 g/100 g), saturated FAs (SFAs) at 26.27% (4.95 g/100 g), and trans-FAs (TFAs) at 1.18% (0.22 g/100 g). The Guangzhou deep-fried dough stick samples had a significantly different FA composition than those from the other cities, presenting with the highest concentration of SFAs (8.64 ± 4.74 g/100 g) and lowest concentration of PUFAs (5.01 ± 3.41 g/100 g). Beijing had the highest intake of PUFAs and MUFAs, whereas Guangzhou had the highest intake of SFAs. Conclusion: The contents and intake of saturated and unsaturated FAs in deep-fried dough sticks varied across the five cities in China. These results are useful for comparing the nutritional characteristics of deep-fried dough sticks in the different cities of China, thereby promoting further research on the relationship between deep-fried dough stick consumption and human health.


Xs: 3.556008 Ys: 1.3670478 Publish year: 2014 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Homocysteine but not Serum Amyloid A, Vitamin A and E Related to Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Post-Menopausal Thai Women abstract: This study aims to investigate serum amyloid A, homocysteine, and biochemical-anthropometric measurements in post-menopausal women with and without metabolic syndrome (MS), and determine whether serum amyloid A and homocysteine are linked to MS among this group. This study was performed with 405 post-menopausal Thai volunteers with a mean age of 57.95 ± 5.90 years (135 subjects with MS and 270 subjects without MS). The levels of serum amyloid A, homocysteine, vitamins, glucose, and lipids were measured. Homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the group with MS than in that without MS (p < 0.001), whereas for serum amyloid A, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin B12, there were no significant differences. There were significant differences between the groups in folate, HDL-C, and anthropometric measurements (p < 0.001). Thirty seven percent of the group with MS and 14.1 % of the group without MS were classified as having hyperhomocysteinemia (p < 0.001). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed that hyperhomocysteinemia (odds ratio (OR): 2.67, 95 % confidence interval (95 %CI): 1.57 - 4.58), low folate (OR: 1.79, 95 %CI: 1.11 - 2.89), and BMI (OR: 1.25, 95 %CI: 1.16 - 1.33) were significantly related to MS. These findings suggest that increased homocysteine levels and decreased folate concentrations may influence susceptibility to MS and this effect may be an early event in the development of cardiovascular diseases among post-menopausal women. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate homocysteine levels, especially among post-menopausal Thai women.


Xs: 2.8998005 Ys: 0.8232911 Publish year: 2018 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Epidemiology of Dyslipidemia in the Asia Pacific Region abstract: Dyslipidemia, including high levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis that leads to various cardiovascular diseases. This article compares the epidemiology of dyslipidemia among countries of the Asia Pacific region, including Australia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, Thailand, and Taiwan, based on public-accessible data from websites. Sources of lipid management guidelines of the countries are also summarized. Before comparing the data from each of the countries, the readers should pay attention to the impact of lipid testing methods, medication use, the year of data acquisition, the age range of the examinees, and the definition of dyslipidemia in each country. Apart from the mentioned factors that may affect the epidemiology data, some of the countries have unique features. For example, substantial ethnic differences existed in Indonesia and Malaysia; whereas the reports from China and Thailand exhibited significant regional variations. However, a common feature is that the levels of serum lipids change with age, and men and women may have quite different levels of serum lipids even of the same age range. Nevertheless, there is a lot of room for improvement in the awareness, treatment, and control rate of dyslipidemia. To reduce the prevalence of dyslipidemia and promote cardiovascular health, the epidemiological surveys of dyslipidemia and implementation of management guidelines according to their own national conditions are encouraged.


Xs: 4.5895004 Ys: 0.7292022 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Application of the Ecopath model for evaluation of ecological structure and function for fisheries management: A case study from fisheries in coastal Andaman Sea, Thailand abstract: The Andaman Coastal Sea provides a rich resource of seafood as well as a major contribution to the socio-economy of many local communities in Thailand. The aim of this study is to model food web structure and estimate energy flow through trophic levels using the Ecopath tool. Data have been collected on fish length, weight and diet composition from three provinces, Krabi, Phuket and Phangnga along the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. Data from commercial as well as artisanal fishing ports were entered into the model. The model computed data for trophic level, food web structure, and ecological function of functional groups. The results indicate that the coastal ecosystem of the Andaman Sea is composed of five aggregated trophic levels of 46 functional groups, ranking from 1.0 to 4.227. The total system throughput is 9162.513 t⋅km⁻²⋅y−1 and internal consumption, respiration, flow into detritus, and export out of the system accounts for 28.83%, 16.06%, 28.34%, and 26.77%, respectively. The Mixed Tropic Impact (MTI) shows detritus and low trophic level groups make a significant contribution to the diet of groups at higher trophic levels. Planktivorous fishes are important components of food web structure. The total system throughput analysis indicates that the ecosystem is in a relatively immature state. Pedigree analysis showed that the model has high reliability. The application of the model for fisheries management is discussed. In particular, the use of the model for local Fisheries Improvement Projects is recommended.


Xs: 4.5759964 Ys: 0.7582777 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: A Tale of Two Food Chains: The Duality of Practices on Wellbeing abstract: This paper is written in honor of Stanford University Professor Hau Lee, who has been a great inspiration and thought leader to the supply chain and operations management (SC&OM) field. Our discussion centers around one of the most challenging SC&OM problems—food production from dirt to table. We advocate the notion of regenerative organic food value chains with quadruple‐aim performance that connects financial outcomes with ecological, human, and socioeconomic wellbeing. To do so, we first overview systemic problems underlying conventional food supply chains that render them unsustainable in the long run. In contrast, we introduce key distinctions with the emerging paradigm of regenerative organic food value chains that uphold quadruple‐aim performance. Tying these ideas together, we discuss emerging research and business models to stimulate an agenda for research, teaching, and policy. We believe the ideas generated in this paper can move the food systems’ SC&OM design and performance measurement from an efficiency‐oriented industrial paradigm of large‐scale, factory farming toward a more encompassing view of eco‐responsible practices. In the former, hidden costs have broader destructive consequences; and in the latter, pollution is shunned and ‘taxed;’ and sustainability, as a public health good, is rewarded by sequestering greenhouse gas emissions and maintaining biodiversity, living soil, and clean air and water. We conclude with research, teaching and policy agendas.


Xs: 3.7548497 Ys: 1.0572741 Publish year: 2008 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Southeast Asian Diets and Health Promotion abstract: Southeast Asia, the food bowl of Asia, covers 11 countries (i.e. Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam). Their diet consists principally of rice or noodles as the staple food, fish
as the main source of protein, fruits and vegetables, and herbs and spices. Their cooking style is strongly influenced by
the Chinese, Indian, and Malay culinary traditions. Their food ranges from the rich and spicy dishes of the Muslims and the
Indians in Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore—the milder and less spicy local cuisines of the rest of
the countries— to the relatively plain Chinese dishes among the Chinese communities in most cities. Perhaps the most distinguishing
characteristics of Southeast Asian diet are the abundance of seafood and fruits and vegetables, and the liberal use of herbs
and spices. Fish is considered the healthiest source of protein, made even more nutritious when it contains ω-3 and ω-6 fatty
acids. Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and the nutritionally extremely important
phytochemicals. Spices enhance the flavor and taste of the food, but also add nutritional and medicinal value to the dishes
because of their biologically active phytochemicals. Generally, food of Southeast Asia is considered healthy as evidenced
largely by the much lower incidence of acute obesity and cardiovascular disease as compared with the West. Unfortunately,
with the rapid development and industrialization in these countries, the food trend is moving away from the traditional rice
and food with lots of fruits and vegetables to the Western-style fast food and protein-rich diets, with extremely damaging
consequence, especially in big cities.


Xs: 4.343343 Ys: 2.4711447 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Dried mulberry fruit ameliorates cardiovascular and liver histopathological changes in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice abstract: Background and aim
Metabolic disease encompasses most contemporary non-communicable diseases, especially cardiovascular and fatty liver disease. Mulberry fruits of Morus alba L. are a favoured food and a traditional medicine. While they are anti-atherosclerotic and reduce hyperlipidemic risk factors, studies need wider scope that include ameliorating cardiovascular and liver pathologies if they are to become clinically effective treatments. Therefore, the present study sought to show that freshly dried mulberry fruits (dMF) might counteract the metabolic/cardiovascular pathologies in mice made hyperlipidemic by high-fat diet (HF).

Experimental procedure
C57BL/6J mice were fed for 3 months with either: i) control diet, ii) HF, iii) HF+100mg/kg dMF, or iv) HF+300mg/kg dMF. Body weight gain, visceral fat accumulation, fasting blood glucose, plasma lipids, and aortic, heart, and liver histopathologies were evaluated. Adipocyte lipid accumulation, autophagy, and bile acid binding were also investigated.

Results and conclusion
HF increased food intake, body weight, visceral fat, plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), TC/HDL ratio, blood glucose, aortic collagen, arterial and cardiac wall thickness, and liver lipid. Both dMF doses prevented hyperphagia, body weight gain, and visceral fat accumulation, lowered blood glucose, plasma TG and unfavourable TC/HDL and elevated plasma HDL beyond baseline. Arterial and cardiac wall hypertrophy, aortic collagen fibre accumulation and liver lipid deposition ameliorated in dMF-fed mice. Clinical trials on dMF are worthwhile but outcomes should be holistic commensurate with the constellation of disease risks. Here, dMF should supplement the switch to nutrient-rich from current energy-dense diets that are progressively crippling national health systems.


Xs: 2.8079593 Ys: 0.6967388 Publish year: 2018 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Intensive lifestyle modification program on weight loss and metabolic syndrome risk reduction among obese women in rural areas of Thailand abstract: Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the intensive lifestyle modification program on weight and metabolic syndrome risk reduction in rural obese women who have no underlying non-communicable diseases in Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

A randomized controlled trial was conducted. In total, 60 healthy obese women aged 30-50 years were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention (n=30) or control (n=30) group after health screening. Tailored nutritional counseling, health education and exercise training were included in the lifestyle modification program. Behavioral modification techniques were also incorporated. The intervention was conducted weekly for the first eight weeks, then biweekly until week 16.

Findings

The student’s t-test was used to compare mean difference between groups. The total weight loss in the intervention group (n=29) was significantly higher, 7.6±2.9 kg, compared with the control group (n=30) who lost 0.7±1.4 kg (p<0.001). The intervention group lost weight 10.2 percent from baseline which was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting blood sugar, and waist circumference were significantly improved. Triglyceride levels slightly improved while high density lipoprotein cholesterol was slightly lowered. The intervention group showed a statistical reduction in abnormal components of metabolic syndrome compared with the control group, with the relative risk=0.24, 95% confidence interval=0.072-0.791, and p=0.018.

Originality/value

Compatibility of the program activities conducted by a health professional who had achieved healthy weight loss and accepted as a role model was a key to achieving effective weight loss and metabolic syndrome risk reduction in obese women in rural areas. The program should be integrated into the conventional practice of health care centers.


Xs: 3.8693967 Ys: 2.5704365 Publish year: 2019 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Black pepper dietary supplementation increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in pigs abstract: Background
Black pepper, the briefly cooked and dried unripe fruits of Piper nigrum L. has broad culinary applications around the world and has been considered as the “king of spices”. In recent years, studies have shown that a diet supplemented with black pepper not only improves digestion but also has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as well as the ability to regulate levels of serum lipids.

Purpose
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with milled black pepper on serum lipoproteins, three anti-oxidant status-related parameters (serum vitamin C, polyphenols, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity), average daily growth, and food intake in growing and fattening pigs.

Study design/Methods
Two groups of randomly assigned piglets with a body weight of each 30 kg (17 animals per group, 34 animals overall) of Bulgarian Danube White breed were subject to feeding a diet supplemented with or without black pepper. As feed additive, milled black pepper at a dose of 3 g/kg food weight was mixed into standardized food to continuously feed the animals gaining weight to 100 kg. The changes in lipoproteins and anti-oxidant index were examined both in the growing and fatting periods.

Results
The results of the measured serum profile in the black pepper diet group showed i) a significant increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and ii) a significant increase of vitamin C in comparison with the group fed a normal diet. Supplementation with black pepper also showed a tendency to improve daily food intake and decrease average daily growth of pigs (both without reaching statistical significance) during both the growing period and the fattening period.

Conclusion
Dietary intake of black pepper might lead to positive effects on blood lipid regulation and anti-oxidant capacity. Overall the gained data in our study suggest that black pepper can be used as a natural food additive to support animal health. Moreover, the results obtained from this porcine model might hint for potential beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in humans and thus warrant further exploratory studies.


Xs: 2.620179 Ys: 0.1881816 Publish year: 2006 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Impact of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose in Diabetic Patients in Thailand abstract: Goal: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was performed to help minimize health problems through data-driven self-education and prevention of disease sequelae. Methods: Eighty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into 2 groups: group 1 patients (n = 34), who participated in a SMBG program, and group 2 patients (n = 32), who were placed on a diabetes clinic customary protocol. Patients were followed up for 3 months. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A 1C (HbA 1C), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol (Chol), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride were analyzed. Patients in group 1 were trained to record blood glucose results, which then were analyzed and managed using Accu-Chek Camit Pro (Roche Diagnostic) software. Results: We found statistically significant differences in FPG (P = 0.017), HbA 1C (P = 0.003), and Chol (P = 0.031) between the beginning and end of the study in group 1, but not in group 2. Conclusion: The results show that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, upon intervention with SMBG, had significantly improved FPG, HbA 1C , and Chol compared with patients on conventional care, within short term when integrated with close follow-up and advice. Self-monitoring of blood glucose supports a feeling of self-responsibility and willingness to work with the health care team. Well-trained laboratory personnel should be part of health education and knowledge management and can teach patients how to perform point-of-care testing and maintain instruments.


Xs: 3.1889362 Ys: 3.6253548 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Influence of Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 Supplementation on Glycemia and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial abstract: It has been shown that gut dysbiosis can be associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consequently, intervention with probiotics may be a useful approach to improve metabolic variables in diabetes. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of L. paracasei HII01 on glycemia in T2DM patients. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 50 participants were allocated to receive L. paracasei HII01 (50 × 109 CFU/day) or a placebo (corn starch 10 mg/day). Blood and fecal samples were assessed at baseline and at the end of the trial. After 12 weeks of intervention, fasting blood glucose level had significantly decreased in the probiotic group compared with the placebo group. Importantly, probiotic supplementation significantly decreased the plasma levels of LPS, TNF-α, IL-6 and hsCRP compared the placebo group. Additionally, an increase in beneficial bacteria and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria, which related to the improvement of SCFAs, was found following L. paracasei HII01 supplementation. These findings demonstrated that L. paracasei HII01 improved hyperglycemia and inflammatory markers by favorably modifying gut microbiota and subsequently ameliorating the leaky gut and endotoxemia, thereby suggesting a potential role as an adjuvant treatment in type 2 diabetes.


Xs: 4.3958983 Ys: 0.6988465 Publish year: 2008 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Can strategic alliances in food processing increase the technical efficiency of housewives groups in Thailand? abstract: An assessment is made of the effects of strategic alliances, among other factors, on the performance of community-based food processing enterprises in the northern province of Thailand, Using survey data, we estimate a stochastic frontier production function and examine a number of factors affecting technical inefficiency of housewives groups focusing on the nature of strategic alliances. Our results show that vertical strategic alliances in marketing at the regional and provincial levels provide a means for housewives groups to increase productivity by attaining higher levels of technical efficiency through membership.


Xs: 4.0372124 Ys: 0.7232908 Publish year: 2019 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Impacts of Microfinance Programs in Thailand abstract: Thailand has been developing its economy based on national and social-development plans over the last six decades. These plans focus on economic growth by supporting the manufacturing industry in order to export products to other countries. As a result, the growth rate performance has been outstanding since the late 1950s. Moreover, the Thai economy had been one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, and the GDP