Xs: 6.378844 Ys: -0.998573 Publish year: 1995 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Reproductive Patterns and Resource Allocation in Tropical Butterflies: Influence of Adult Diet and Seasonal Phenotype on Fecundity, Longevity and Egg Size abstract: The reproductive patterns and resource allocation strategies of three closely related tropical satyrine butterflies, Mycalesis terminus, M. sirius and M. perseus, were studied under laboratory and semi-laboratory conditions. We first examined the influence of two adult food sources, sugar (25% honey solution) and rotting fruit, on the oviposition pattern, fecundity, longevity, egg size and reproductive effort in the wet-season forms of M. terminus and M. sirius. We then compared the reproductive traits between the two seasonal phenotypes (wet- and dry-season form) of M. perseus fed only on the rotting fruit diet. In this species females of the dry-season form diapause as adults whereas those of the wet-season form usually reproduce directly. Availability of sugar or rotting fruit in the adult diet of M. sirius had no significant effect on any of the reproductive traits. However, in M. terminus diet had two major effects: availability of sugar increased longevity, while females fed on rotting fruit tended to maintain constant egg weight over time. Differences in response to adult diet in these two species correspond with their behaviour in the field: M. sirius adults rarely feed at nectar sources or on rotting fruit, whereas those of M. terminus readily feed on rotting fruits. Hence, availability of rotting fruits to adult M. terminus may enhance reproductive success since females appear to produce better quality offspring (i.e. lay larger eggs over time). In M. perseus, post-diapausing females of the dry-season form had reduced realised and potential fecundity, laid proportionally fewer eggs, and had a shorter oviposition period compared with the wet-season form. Egg weight increased with female age in the wet-season form but declined in the dry-season form. Although the dry-season form laid larger eggs it still had a much lower reproductive effort, indicating that diapause imposes a substantial cost to reproduction. We tentatively conclude that this cost is the result of an adjustment in resource allocation between soma (body size and structure to increase longevity) and reproductive reserves acquired during the larval feeding period. Comparison of the reproductive patterns between the three species (i.e. when both seasonal form and adult diet are standardised) revealed striking similarities in many traits, including oviposition pattern, potential fecundity, reproductive effort and survival. However, there were substantial differences in allocation strategies, with M. perseus partitioning its reproductive effort into many smaller eggs. Differences in these reproductive strategies are associated with the preferred habitats of each, and we suggest that habitat uncertainty and limited breeding opportunities may have selected for higher fecundity in M. perseus.


Xs: 6.1333137 Ys: -1.267956 Publish year: 2008 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Longevity-Fertility Trade-offs in the Tephritid Fruit Fly, Anastrepha ludens, across Dietary-restriction Gradients abstract: Although it is widely known that dietary restriction (DR) not only extends the longevity of a wide range of species but also reduces their reproductive output, the interrelationship of DR, longevity-extension and reproduction is not well understood in any organism. Here we address the question: “Under what nutritional conditions do the longevity-enhancing effects resulting from food restriction either counteract, complement or reinforce the mortality costs of reproduction? To answer this question we designed a fine-grained DR study involving 4,800 individuals of the tephritid fruit fly Anastrepha ludens in which we measured sex-specific survival and daily reproduction in females in each of 20 different treatments (sugar:yeast ratios) plus 4 starvation controls. The database generated from this 3-year study consisted of approximately 100,000 life-days for each sex and 750,000 eggs distributed over the reproductive lives of 2,400 females. The fertility and longevity-extending responses were used to create contour maps (X-Y grid) that show the demographic responses (Z-axis) across dietary gradients that range from complete starvation to both ad libitum sugar-only and ad libitum standard diet (3:1 sugar-to-yeast). The topographic perspectives reveal demographic equivalencies along nutritional gradients, differences in the graded responses of males and females, egg production costs that are sensitive to the interaction of food amounts and constituents, and orthogonal contours (equivalencies in longevity or reproduction) representing demographic thresholds related to both caloric content and sugar-yeast ratios. If general, the finding that lifespan and reproductive maxima occur at much different nutritional coordinates poses a major challenge for the use of food restriction (or a mimetic) in humans to improve health and extend longevity in humans.
PubMed Central version
Supplementary material is attached below.


Xs: 4.915364 Ys: -1.808411 Publish year: 2015 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: A Periodic Diet that Mimics Fasting Promotes Multi-System Regeneration, Enhanced Cognitive Performance, and Healthspan abstract: Prolonged fasting (PF) promotes stress resistance, but its effects on longevity are poorly understood. We show that alternating PF and nutrient-rich medium extended yeast lifespan independently of established pro-longevity genes. In mice, 4 days of a diet that mimics fasting (FMD), developed to minimize the burden of PF, decreased the size of multiple organs/systems, an effect followed upon re-feeding by an elevated number of progenitor and stem cells and regeneration. Bi-monthly FMD cycles started at middle age extended longevity, lowered visceral fat, reduced cancer incidence and skin lesions, rejuvenated the immune system, and retarded bone mineral density loss. In old mice, FMD cycles promoted hippocampal neurogenesis, lowered IGF-1 levels and PKA activity, elevated NeuroD1, and improved cognitive performance. In a pilot clinical trial, three FMD cycles decreased risk factors/biomarkers for aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer without major adverse effects, providing support for the use of FMDs to promote healthspan.


Xs: 5.497017 Ys: -1.6628458 Publish year: 2013 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Amino acid sensing in dietary-restriction-mediated longevity: Roles of signal-transducing kinases GCN2 and TOR abstract: DR (dietary restriction), or reduced food intake without malnutrition, is associated with extended longevity, improved metabolic fitness and increased stress resistance in a wide range of organisms. DR is often referred to as calorie restriction, implying that reduced energy intake is responsible for its widespread and evolutionarily conserved benefits. However, recent data indicate dietary amino acid restriction as a key mediator of DR benefits. In fruitflies, an imbalance in essential amino acid intake is thought to underlie longevity benefits of DR. In mammals, reduced dietary protein or essential amino acid intake can extend longevity, improve metabolic fitness and increase stress resistance. In the present paper we review two evolutionarily conserved signal transduction pathways responsible for sensing amino acid levels. The eIF2α (eukaryotic initiation factor 2α) kinase GCN2 (general amino acid control non-derepressible 2) senses the absence of one or more amino acids by virtue of direct binding to uncharged cognate tRNAs. The presence of certain amino acids, such as leucine, permits activation of the master growth regulating kinase TOR (target of rapamycin). These two signal transduction pathways react to amino acid deprivation by inhibiting general protein translation while at the same time increasing translation of specific mRNAs involved in restoring homoeostasis. Together, these pathways may contribute to the regulation of longevity, metabolic fitness and stress resistance.


Xs: 6.1344137 Ys: -1.3792164 Publish year: 2011 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Additive and interactive effects of nutrient classes on longevity, reproduction, and diet consumption in the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) abstract: Insect lifespan is often closely linked to diet, and diet manipulations have been central to studies of ageing. Recent research has found that lifespan for some flies is maximised on a very low yeast diet, but once all yeast is removed, lifespan drops precipitously. Although effects of yeast availability on lifespan are commonly interpreted in terms of protein, yeast is a complex mix of nutrients and provides a rich source of vitamins, minerals and sterols. Elucidating which components of yeast are involved in this lifespan drop provides insights into more specific nutritional requirements and also provides a test for the commonplace interpretation of yeast in terms of protein. To this end, we fed Queensland fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni) one of eight experimental diets that differed in the nutrient group(s) found in yeast that were added to sucrose: none, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, cholesterol, vitamin+mineral+cholesterol (VMC), vitamin+mineral+cholesterol+amino acids (VMCA), and yeast. We measured survival rates and egg production in single sex and mixed sex cages, as well as nutrient intake of individual flies. We found that the addition of minerals increased lifespan of both male and female flies housed in single sex cages by decreasing baseline mortality. The addition of just amino acids decreased lifespan in female flies; however, when combined with other nutrient groups found in yeast, amino acids increased lifespan by decreasing both baseline mortality and age-specific mortality. Flies on the yeast and VMCA diets were the only ones to show significant egg production. We conclude that the drop in lifespan observed when all yeast is removed is explained by missing micronutrients (vitamins, minerals and cholesterol) as well as the absence of protein in females, whereas minerals alone can explain the pattern for males. These results indicate a need for caution when interpreting effects of dietary yeast as effects of protein.


Xs: 5.098363 Ys: -1.6035453 Publish year: 2009 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Could Sirt1-mediated epigenetic effects contribute to the longevity response to dietary restriction and be mimicked by other dietary interventions? abstract: Dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan in a range of evolutionarily distinct species. The polyphenol resveratrol may be a dietary mimetic of some effects of DR. The pivotal role of the mammalian histone deacetylase (HDAC) Sirt1, and its homologue in other organisms, in mediating the effects of both DR and resveratrol on lifespan/ageing suggests it may be the common conduit through which these dietary interventions influence ageing. We propose the novel hypothesis that effects of DR relevant to lifespan extension include maintenance of DNA methylation patterns through Sirt1-mediated epigenetic effects, and proffer the view that dietary components, including resveratrol, may mimic these actions.


Xs: 5.308325 Ys: -1.7839243 Publish year: 2018 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Genomewide mechanisms of chronological longevity by dietary restriction in budding yeast abstract: Dietary restriction is arguably the most promising nonpharmacological intervention to extend human life and health span. Yet, only few genetic regulators mediating the cellular response to dietary restriction are known, and the question remains which other regulatory factors are involved. Here, we measured at the genomewide level the chronological lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene deletion strains under two nitrogen source regimens, glutamine (nonrestricted) and γ‐aminobutyric acid (restricted). We identified 473 mutants with diminished or enhanced extension of lifespan. Functional analysis of such dietary restriction genes revealed novel processes underlying longevity by the nitrogen source quality, which also allowed us to generate a prioritized catalogue of transcription factors orchestrating the dietary restriction response. Importantly, deletions of transcription factors Msn2, Msn4, Snf6, Tec1, and Ste12 resulted in diminished lifespan extension and defects in cell cycle arrest upon nutrient starvation, suggesting that regulation of the cell cycle is a major mechanism of chronological longevity. We further show that STE12 overexpression is enough to extend lifespan, linking the pheromone/invasive growth pathway with cell survivorship. Our global picture of the genetic players of longevity by dietary restriction highlights intricate regulatory cross‐talks in aging cells.


Xs: 5.3834367 Ys: -1.7577066 Publish year: 2021 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Dietary citrate supplementation enhances longevity, metabolic health, and memory performance through promoting ketogenesis abstract: Citrate is an essential substrate for energy metabolism that plays critical roles in regulating cell growth and survival. However, the action of citrate in regulating metabolism, cognition, and aging at the organismal level remains poorly understood. Here, we report that dietary supplementation with citrate significantly reduces energy status and extends lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Our genetic studies in fruit flies implicate a molecular mechanism associated with AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), target of rapamycin (TOR), and ketogenesis. Mice fed a high‐fat diet that supplemented with citrate or the ketone body β‐hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) also display improved metabolic health and memory. These results suggest that dietary citrate supplementation may prove to be a useful intervention in the future treatment of age‐related dysfunction. Dietary citrate supplementation can induce lifespan extension in fruit flies, as well as improve memory performance and metabolic health in mice under high‐calorie diets. Our experiments demonstrate that citrate‐induced benefits require Drosophila citrate transporter Indy and act through downstream AMPK and TOR signaling to enhance ketogenesis. These results are critical in implicating citrate as an anti‐aging intervention.


Xs: 5.902313 Ys: -0.9099746 Publish year: 2017 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Impacts of Dietary Phytochemicals in the Presence and Absence of Pesticides on Longevity of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) abstract: Because certain flavonols and phenolic acids are found in pollen and nectar of most angiosperms, they are routinely ingested by Apis mellifera, the western honey bee. The flavonol quercetin and the phenolic acid p-coumaric acid are known to upregulate detoxification enzymes in adult bees; their presence or absence in the diet may thus affect the toxicity of ingested pesticides. We conducted a series of longevity assays with one-day-old adult workers to test if dietary phytochemicals enhance longevity and pesticide tolerance. One-day-old bees were maintained on sugar syrup with or without casein (a phytochemical-free protein source) in the presence or absence of quercetin and p-coumaric acid as well as in the presence or absence of two pyrethroid insecticides, bifenthrin and β-cyfluthrin. Dietary quercetin (hazard ratio, HR = 0.82), p-coumaric acid (HR = 0.91) and casein (HR = 0.74) were associated with extended lifespan and the two pyrethroid insecticides, 4 ppm bifenthrin (HR = 9.17) and 0.5 ppm β-cyfluthrin (HR = 1.34), reduced lifespan. Dietary quercetin enhanced tolerance of both pyrethroids; p-coumaric acid had a similar effect trend, although of reduced magnitude. Casein in the diet appears to eliminate the life-prolonging effect of p-coumaric acid in the absence of quercetin. Collectively, these assays demonstrate that dietary phytochemicals influence honey bee longevity and pesticide stress; substituting sugar syrups for honey or yeast/soy flour patties may thus have hitherto unrecognized impacts on adult bee health.


Xs: 5.2142158 Ys: -1.4296513 Publish year: 2007 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: The Biological basis of the aging process abstract: The basic chemical process underlying aging was first put forward by the free radical theory of aging in 1956; the reaction of active free radicals (normally produced within an organism itself) with cellular constituents initiates the changes associated with aging. The involvement of free radicals in aging is related to their key role in the origin and evolution of life. The specific composition of tissue macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates) in long-lived animal species gives them an intrinsically high resistance to modification that probably contributes to the superior longevity of these species. Long-lived species also show low rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage to their mitochondria. Dietary restriction further decreases mitochondrial ROS production and oxidative molecular damage due to the decreased intake of dietary proteins. These effects of protein restriction seem to be specifically due to the lowered methionine intake of protein and dietary restricted animals. Both a low rate of generation of endogenous damage and an intrinsically high resistance to the modification of tissue macromolecules are key traits of animal longevity.


Xs: 4.127171 Ys: -0.52858055 Publish year: 2006 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Dietary Supplement Use by Community-living Population in Japan: Data from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences Longitudinal Study of Aging (NILS-LSA) abstract: There are few studies about dietary supplement use and nutrient intake from these products in Japan. The purpose of this study was to clarify (1) the prevalence of dietary supplement use, (2) the characteristics of dietary supplement users, (3) nutrient intake from dietary supplements, and (4) the existence of dietary supplement users who took excessive nutrients from these products.
To collect the information on dietary supplement use in the previous year and nutrient intake from these products, we conducted a self-administered dietary supplement frequency questionnaire. The subjects were 2,259 people aged 40-82 years. Dietary supplements were grouped into 8 major categories. A dietary supplement database was developed to estimate nutrient intake from these products. Excess users were defined as people who consumed more nutrient than the tolerable upper intake level of the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese.
In the previous year, 55 % of males and 61 % of females consumed dietary supplements. Dietary supplement use was especially prevalent in females, subjects who felt unhealthy, and subjects who were more careful of maintaining an appropriate weight, though the association was affected by the frequency of dietary supplement use. The most common dietary supplements were drink type in males and vitamins in females. Some nutrient values obtained from dietary supplements were higher than those from food. Excess users were found for intake of vitamin A, B(6), K, niacin, iron, and magnesium.
It is important to clarify dietary supplement use and to estimate nutrient intake from these products.


Xs: 4.833582 Ys: -1.7061632 Publish year: 2015 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Longevity and skeletal muscle mass: The role of IGF signalling, the sirtuins, dietary restriction and protein intake abstract: Advancing age is associated with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle (SkM) mass and function. Given the worldwide aging demographics, this is a major contributor to morbidity, escalating socio-economic costs and ultimately mortality. Previously, it has been established that a decrease in regenerative capacity in addition to SkM loss with age coincides with suppression of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathways. However, genetic or pharmacological modulations of these highly conserved pathways have been observed to significantly enhance life and healthspan in various species, including mammals. This therefore provides a controversial paradigm in which reduced regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle tissue with age potentially promotes longevity of the organism. This paradox will be assessed and considered in the light of the following: (i) the genetic knockout, overexpression and pharmacological models that induce lifespan extension (e.g. IRS-1/s6K KO, mTOR inhibition) versus the important role of these signalling pathways in SkM growth and adaptation; (ii) the role of the sirtuins (SIRTs) in longevity versus their emerging role in SkM regeneration and survival under catabolic stress; (iii) the role of dietary restriction and its impact on longevity versus skeletal muscle mass regulation; (iv) the crosstalk between cellular energy metabolism (AMPK/TSC2/SIRT1) and survival (FOXO) versus growth and repair of SkM (e.g. AMPK vs. mTOR); and (v) the impact of protein feeding in combination with dietary restriction will be discussed as a potential intervention to maintain SkM mass while increasing longevity and enabling healthy aging.
© 2015 The Authors. Aging Cell published by the Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


Xs: 4.9272065 Ys: -1.589828 Publish year: 2009 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Hypothalamic and dietary control of temperature-mediated longevity abstract: Temperature is an important modulator of longevity and aging in both poikilotherms and homeotherm animals. In homeotherms, temperature homeostasis is regulated primarily in the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus. This region receives and integrates peripheral, central and environmental signals and maintains a nearly constant core body temperature (T(core)) by regulating the autonomic and hormonal control of heat production and heat dissipation. Temperature sensitive neurons found in the POA are considered key elements of the neuronal circuitry modulating these effects. Nutrient homeostasis is also a hypothalamically regulated modulator of aging as well as one of the signals that can influence T(core) in homeotherms. Investigating the mechanisms of the regulation of nutrient and temperature homeostasis in the hypothalamus is important to understanding how these two elements of energy homeostasis influence longevity and aging as well as how aging can affect hypothalamic homeostatic mechanisms.


Xs: 5.6469197 Ys: -1.5933882 Publish year: 2016 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Transgenerational programming of longevity and reproduction by post-eclosion dietary manipulation in Drosophila abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that early-life diet may program one's health status by causing permanent alternations in specific organs, tissues, or metabolic or homeostatic pathways, and such programming effects may propagate across generations through heritable epigenetic modifications. However, it remains uninvestigated whether postnatal dietary changes may program longevity across generations. To address this question of important biological and public health implications, newly-born flies (F0) were collected and subjected to various post-eclosion dietary manipulations (PDMs) with different protein-carbohydrate (i.e., LP, IP or HP for low-, intermediate- or high-protein) contents or a control diet (CD). Longevity and fecundity analyses were performed with these treated F0 flies and their F1, F2 and F3 offspring, while maintained on CD at all times. The LP and HP PDMs shortened longevity, while the IP PDM extended longevity significantly up to the F3 generation. Furthermore, the LP reduced while the IP PDM increased lifetime fecundity across the F0-F2 generations. Our observations establish the first animal model for studying transgenerational inheritance of nutritional programming of longevity, making it possible to investigate the underlying epigenetic mechanisms and identify gene targets for drug discovery in future studies.


Xs: 4.750213 Ys: -1.6187038 Publish year: 2010 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: History of Caloric Restriction, Aging and Longevity abstract: In 1935 Clive McCay and his colleagues published a seminal paper, which showed that slowing the post-weaning growth of rats
by markedly restricting their food intake significantly increased their longevity. Since then global food restriction has
been found to increase the length of life of a spectrum of rat and mouse strains and of several non-mammalian species. McCay
and colleagues proposed that the basis of this life extension was the slowing of growth. This hypothesis went unchallenged
until 1960 when Berg and Simms proposed that the life extension was due to the reduction in body fat content. Starting in
the 1970s a series of different hypotheses have been proposed to be the mechanism underlying the life extension. However,
to date there is not a general agreement regarding the biological basis. In the years following the seminal 1935 paper, it
was shown that the nutritional factor underlying the life extension is the reduction in energy intake; thus the term caloric
restriction (CR) has been widely used when referring to this phenomenon. Over the years, CR has been reported to retard a
spectrum of age-associated diseases and the aging of many physiological processes. Also, hypotheses on the evolution of the
life extending action have been proposed. Prior to the 1990s, morphological pathology and physiology were the primary tools
used to explore CR. However, during the past two decades, molecular biology has been increasingly put to use in the effort
to understand the basis of the CR’s actions.

KeywordsAge-associated diseases-Body fat-Collagen cross-linking-Evolution of life extension-Food restriction-Hormesis-Metabolic rate-Oxidative damage


Xs: 6.4689364 Ys: -0.98382396 Publish year: 2002 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Effect of Host Diet on the Immature Developmental Time, Fecundity, Sex Ratio, Adult Longevity, and Size of Apanteles galleriae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) abstract: The effect of host diet on the immature developmental time, fecundity, sex ratio, adult longevity, and size of Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson, a koinobiont, solitary, and early instar larval endoparasitoid of the lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella (F.), was investigated. All experiments related to the effect of diet were conducted at 25 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D) h. The experiments were conducted by supplying hosts with three types of natural food (blackened, dark yellowish, and pure comb). The change in the type of host diet from blackened, to yellowish, and to pure comb prolonged immature developmental time, shortened the life span, increased sex ratio in favor of males, and reduced fertility and adult size of parasitoid species. The first adult eclosion occurred at 25, 30, and 52 d for males and 27, 33, and 54 d for females, with blackened, dark yellowish, and pure comb, respectively. The mean production of progeny per female parasitoid for each diet was 105.09, 45.49, and 0.46 (n = 30). Males lived an average of 43.46, 14.52, and 5.75 d and females lived an average of 40.86, 16.8, and 10 d in relation to host diet changes. Parasitoid length varied considerably with 2.84, 2.5, 2.2 mm, and 2.51, 2.27, 1.94 mm for females and males, respectively. Of the three kinds of natural food, the first was determined to be the most optimal diet for the parasitoid species.


Xs: 5.244839 Ys: -1.9176159 Publish year: 2017 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Small nucleoli are a cellular hallmark of longevity abstract: Animal lifespan is regulated by conserved metabolic signalling pathways and specific transcription factors, but whether these pathways affect common downstream mechanisms remains largely elusive. Here we show that NCL-1/TRIM2/Brat tumour suppressor extends lifespan and limits nucleolar size in the major C. elegans longevity pathways, as part of a convergent mechanism focused on the nucleolus. Long-lived animals representing distinct longevity pathways exhibit small nucleoli, and decreased expression of rRNA, ribosomal proteins, and the nucleolar protein fibrillarin, dependent on NCL-1. Knockdown of fibrillarin also reduces nucleolar size and extends lifespan. Among wildtype C. elegans, individual nucleolar size varies, but is highly predictive for longevity. Long-lived dietary restricted fruit flies and insulin-like-peptide mutants exhibit small nucleoli and fibrillarin expression, as do long-lived dietary restricted and IRS1 knockout mice. Furthermore, human muscle biopsies from individuals who underwent modest dietary restriction coupled with exercise also display small nucleoli. We suggest that small nucleoli are a cellular hallmark of longevity and metabolic health conserved across taxa.


Xs: 5.296007 Ys: -1.9665124 Publish year: 2013 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Dietary Restriction Induced Longevity Is Mediated by Nuclear Receptor NHR-62 in Caenorhabditis elegans abstract: Author Summary
Dietary restriction extends the life span of diverse species across taxa, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In humans there are clear health benefits associated with DR such as improved serum cholesterol and lipid levels. In Caenorhabditis elegans, genes implicated in the TOR pathway, autophagy, protein synthesis and energy homeostasis have been shown to modulate the dietary restriction response; however their mechanism of action is still unclear. In this work, we find that the C. elegans nuclear hormone receptor, nhr-62, is required for longevity in multiple DR regimens, providing the first evidence of a nuclear receptor required for DR-induced longevity. Additionally, nhr-62 is required for physiologic changes associated with DR, including increased autophagy and decreased levels of triglycerides, possibly through lipolysis. Moreover, nhr-62 is responsible for regulating hundreds of genes under DR, as measured by qPCR and RNA-seq. Importantly, this work is the first to report transcriptome analysis of DR in C. elegans and the first to provide functional evidence that nuclear receptors are key regulators of the DR longevity response, which imply hormonal and metabolic control of longevity, possibly through alterations in fat metabolism, lipolysis, and autophagy.


Xs: 4.6890917 Ys: -1.2024187 Publish year: 2011 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Effect of Dietary Lipids on Longevity and Memory in the SAMP8 Mice abstract: The senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP8) is an animal model used in studies of aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of dietary lipids on longevity and age-related deterioration in memory in SAMP8 mice. Eight-month-old mice were fed diets with 5% lard (Lard group), 5% soybean oil (Soy group), 2% lecithin +3% soybean oil (Lecithin+Soy group) or 2% fish oil+3% soybean oil (Fish+Soy group), and learning and memory were examined by passive avoidance test at 8 and 10 mo of age. At the end of the experiment, the mice were killed, and the brain fatty acid composition was analyzed. The results indicated that the survival rates at 12 mo decreased in the order: Fish+Soy>Soy>Lecithin+Soy>Lard and were 50, 40, 30 and 20%, respectively. The rate of the lard group was lower than that of the Fish+Soy group, but this difference was not statistically significant. At 10 mo of age, the passive avoidance times of the Fish+Soy, Lecithin+Soy, Soy and Lard groups were 166, 170, 149 and 127 s, respectively. The passive avoidance times of the Fish+Soy and Lecithin+Soy groups were longer than that of the Lard group (p<0.01) at 10 mo. The brain DHA concentration was the highest in the Fish+Soy group SAMP8 mice, the linoleic acid levels was highest in the Soy group and the palmitic acid level was lowest in the Lard group (p<0.05). In conclusion, compared with SAMP8 mice fed a high saturated fatty acid diet, SAMP8 mice given a high poly-unsaturated fatty acid diet had higher brain concentrations of poly-unsaturated acid, better memory and greater longevity.


Xs: 4.722899 Ys: -1.58052 Publish year: 2014 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: The Ratio of Macronutrients, Not Caloric Intake, Dictates Cardiometabolic Health, Aging, and Longevity in Ad Libitum-Fed Mice abstract: The fundamental questions of what represents a macronutritionally balanced diet and how this maintains health and longevity remain unanswered. Here, the Geometric Framework, a state-space nutritional modeling method, was used to measure interactive effects of dietary energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate on food intake, cardiometabolic phenotype, and longevity in mice fed one of 25 diets ad libitum. Food intake was regulated primarily by protein and carbohydrate content. Longevity and health were optimized when protein was replaced with carbohydrate to limit compensatory feeding for protein and suppress protein intake. These consequences are associated with hepatic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and mitochondrial function and, in turn, related to circulating branched-chain amino acids and glucose. Calorie restriction achieved by high-protein diets or dietary dilution had no beneficial effects on lifespan. The results suggest that longevity can be extended in ad libitum-fed animals by manipulating the ratio of macronutrients to inhibit mTOR activation.


Xs: 5.7698336 Ys: 2.7424953 Publish year: 2018 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: A critical review of selenium biogeochemical behavior in soil-plant system with an inference to human health abstract: Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, although controversial for different plant species. There exists a narrow line between essential, beneficial and toxic levels of Se to living organisms which greatly varies with Se speciation, as well as the type of living organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor its solid- and solution-phase speciation, exposure levels and pathways to living organisms. Consumption of Se-laced food (cereals, vegetables, legumes and pulses) is the prime source of Se exposure to humans. Thus, it is imperative to assess the biogeochemical behavior of Se in soil-plant system with respect to applied levels and speciation, which ultimately affect Se status in humans. Based on available relevant literature, this review traces a plausible link among (i) Se levels, sources, speciation, bioavailability, and effect of soil chemical properties on selenium bioavailability/speciation in soil; (ii) role of different protein transporters in soil-root-shoot transfer of Se; and (iii) speciation, metabolism, phytotoxicity and detoxification of Se inside plants. The toxic and beneficial effects of Se to plants have been discussed with respect to speciation and toxic/deficient concentration of Se. We highlight the significance of various enzymatic (catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic (phytochelatins and glutathione) antioxidants which help combat Se-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The review also delineates Se accumulation in edible plant parts from soils containing low or high Se levels; elucidates associated health disorders or risks due to the consumption of Se-deficient or Se-rich foods; discusses the potential role of Se in different human disorders/diseases.


Xs: 5.9770236 Ys: -1.2589661 Publish year: 2010 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Longevity cost of remaining unmated under dietary restriction abstract: 1. Increases in longevity from dietary restriction (DR) have been linked to the evolution of physiological strategies for maintaining lifetime reproductive output despite periods of nutritional deficiency. If this is the case, then reproductive life history and mating status should determine whether or not dietary restriction increases longevity.
2. We investigate the effects of DR and mating status (mated or unmated) on longevity and lifetime reproductive output and explore mechanisms underlying these patterns by measuring resting energetic rates and changes in mass over time. We study iteroparous female Australian redback spiders (Latrodectus hasselti), which are known to tolerate periods of starvation (ecologically relevant DR) in nature.
3. Mated DR females had the highest longevity of any experimental group, in strong contrast to results for semelparous males of this species [M.M. Kasumovic, M.C.B. Andrade & R.C. Brooks (2009), Biology Letters,5, 636]. Most strikingly, mated females (whether DR or not) had higher longevity than unmated females.
4. Mated females rapidly decreased their resting energetic rates and stopped egg production under DR. Once feeding returned to normal, resting energetic rates of mated females increased immediately, egg sac production continued and there was no net decrease in lifetime reproductive output relative to mated females without DR.
5. This shows DR increases longevity for mated females, but there is a longevity cost of remaining unmated, which may arise because unmated females (regardless of diet) maintained high energetic rates. This may be an evolved pattern of physiological support for reproductive readiness which exerts a fitness cost when mating is delayed. Taken together, these results suggest positive effects of DR on longevity critically depend on reproductive life history (iteroparity or semelparity) and individual mating status.


Xs: 4.8176513 Ys: -1.5678453 Publish year: 2011 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Life span of mice fed a high fat diet at various ages abstract: The effect of a high fat diet on life span depends on strain and sex of the animal tested and is specifically due to the fat content, and not to the high caloric value, of the diet. In male mice of strain C57BL, feeding of a high fat diet from the ages of 1, 6, or 12 months on through life shortened the life span. If the high fat diet was given for a limited period of time, the effect on life span depended on the age at which these mice were placed on the high fat ration.


Xs: 3.9827113 Ys: -0.72388923 Publish year: 2010 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Modelling the impact of a healthy diet on cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality abstract: Quantifying the potential health benefits of improvements in the nutritional quality of the average diet of a population would provide evidence for resource allocation between population-level interventions aimed at reducing chronic disease.
A model was built linking consumption of food components with biological risk factors (blood pressure, serum cholesterol and obesity) and subsequent mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer. Meta-analyses of individual-level studies that quantified the RR of increased consumption/increased risk factor level on disease outcomes were used to build the model. The sensitivity of the model to the results from the meta-analyses was assessed with Monte Carlo simulations. Country-specific estimates of current nutrient intake compared against dietary recommendations for the UK were used to demonstrate the model.
Approximately 33 000 deaths per year would be avoided if UK dietary recommendations were met. The modelled reduction in deaths for coronary heart disease was 20 800 (95% credible interval 17 845-24 069), for stroke 5876 (3856-7364) and for cancer 6481 (4487-8353). Over 15 000 of the avoided deaths would be due to increased consumption of fruit and vegetables.
The developed model estimates the impact of population-level dietary changes and is robust. Achieving UK dietary recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption (five portions a day) would result in substantial health benefits-equivalent benefits would be achieved if salt intakes were lowered to 3.5 g per day or saturated fat intakes were lowered to 3% of total energy.


Xs: 4.6456504 Ys: -1.4200227 Publish year: 2008 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Progress in nutritional immunology abstract: Optimum but balanced food intake maintains healthy growth and disease-free lifespan. However, imbalanced and over-nutrition promotes obesity, diabetes, malignancy, osteoporosis, infectious diseases, etc. In 1936, McCay reported that calorie restriction prevents weight gain and extend lifespan in rodents. In early 1970, Dr. Good at University of Minnesota and Dr. Walford at UCLA began studies in mice by reducing protein and calorie intake and studying their impact on immune function. Dr. Good's group (Jose, Fernandes, Kramer, Cooper, Day, etc.) reported changes in humoral and cellular immunity at present known as innate and adaptive immune function. Later, much interest was devoted by late Dr. Good on studying the role of calorie restriction (CR) and the role of zinc on immunity, particularly their role on aging, autoimmunity, and malignancy. Both functional role of T-cells, NK-cells and B-cells and their interaction during CR was studied extensively. We recently decided to pursue the beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids (fish oil) with and without CR on controlling autoimmune-disease in NZB x NZW F1 mice. Our results indicated that n-3 FA when fed ad-libitum prolongs lifespan higher than commonly consumed n-6 FA (corn oil) in these mice. Moreover, n-3 FA + CR is found to be more effective than n-6 FA + CR. Some of the beneficial changes by n-3 FA include enhancing antioxidant enzymes and lowering Th-1/Th-2 cytokines, adhesion molecules, COX-2/PGE(2) levels, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha etc. The decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines were also found to protect against bone loss in OVX mice. Further, Fat-1 transgenic mice (which make n-3 FA endogenously in vivo from n-6 FA) when fed CR revealed decreased NF-kappaB and AP-1 activity and increased expression of life-prolonging gene SIRT1. Also CR and n-3 FA decreases body weight and increases insulin sensitivity, as well. Thus, to prevent obesity decreased calorie intake with n-3 FA supplement is far more effective and may have protection against CVD, malignancy, autoimmunity, and osteoporosis. The CR studies undertaken in primates and recently in humans are showing very encouraging results. In order to understand more precisely the role of diet and nutrition, new approaches exploring the link through nutrigenomics, proteomics and metabolomics may soon provide insight into controlling age-related diseases by following a balanced food intake.


Xs: 5.50785 Ys: -1.0949343 Publish year: 2017 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: A dietary carotenoid reduces immunopathology and enhances longevity through an immune depressive effect in an insect model abstract: Immunopathology corresponds to self-damage of the inflammatory response, resulting from oxidizing molecules produced when the immune system is activated. Immunopathology often contributes to age-related diseases and is believed to accelerate ageing. Prevention of immunopathology relies on endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the consumption of dietary antioxidants, including carotenoids such as astaxanthin. Astaxanthin currently raises considerable interest as a powerful antioxidant and for its potential in alleviating age-related diseases. Current in vitro and short-term in vivo studies provide promising results about immune-stimulating and antioxidant properties of astaxanthin. However, to what extent dietary supplementation with astaxanthin can prevent long-term adverse effects of immunopathology on longevity is unknown so far. Here, using the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, as biological model we tested the effect of lifetime dietary supplementation with astaxanthin on longevity when exposed to early life inflammation. While supplementation with astaxanthin was found to lessen immunopathology cost on larval survival and insect longevity, it was also found to reduce immunity, growth rate and the survival of non immune-challenged larvae. This study therefore reveals that astaxanthin prevents immunopathology through an immune depressive effect and can have adverse consequences on growth.


Xs: 5.2067676 Ys: -1.8022687 Publish year: 2009 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: AMP-activated Protein Kinase and FoxO Transcription Factors in Dietary Restriction-induced Longevity abstract: Aging is regulated by modifications in single genes and by simple changes in the environment. The signaling pathway connecting insulin to FoxO transcription factors integrates environmental stimuli to regulate lifespan. FoxO transcription factors are directly phosphorylated in response to insulin/growth factor signaling by the protein kinase Akt, thereby causing their sequestration in the cytoplasm. In the absence of insulin/growth factors, FoxO factors translocate to the nucleus where they trigger a range of cellular responses, including resistance to oxidative stress--a phenotype highly coupled with lifespan extension. Our recent results indicate that FoxO transcription factors are also regulated in response to nutrient deprivation by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. The energy-sensing AMPK directly phosphorylates FoxO transcription factors at six regulatory sites. AMPK phosphorylation enhances FoxO transcriptional activity, leading to the expression of specific target genes involved in stress resistance and changes in energy metabolism. The AMPK-FoxO pathway plays a crucial role in the ability of a dietary restriction regimen to extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Understanding the intricate signaling networks that translate environmental conditions like dietary restriction into changes in gene expression that extend lifespan will be of critical importance to identify ways to delay the onset of aging and age-dependent diseases.


Xs: 5.4097304 Ys: -1.807062 Publish year: 2019 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Dietary restriction induces posttranscriptional regulation of longevity genes abstract: Dietary restriction (DR) increases life span through adaptive changes in gene expression. To understand more about these changes, we analyzed the transcriptome and translatome of Caenorhabditis elegans subjected to DR. Transcription of muscle regulatory and structural genes increased, whereas increased expression of amino acid metabolism and neuropeptide signaling genes was controlled at the level of translation. Evaluation of posttranscriptional regulation identified putative roles for RNA-binding proteins, RNA editing, miRNA, alternative splicing, and nonsense-mediated decay in response to nutrient limitation. Using RNA interference, we discovered several differentially expressed genes that regulate life span. We also found a compensatory role for translational regulation, which offsets dampened expression of a large subset of transcriptionally down-regulated genes. Furthermore, 3′ UTR editing and intron retention increase under DR and correlate with diminished translation, whereas trans-spliced genes are refractory to reduced translation efficiency compared with messages with the native 5′ UTR. Finally, we find that smg-6 and smg-7 , which are genes governing selection and turnover of nonsense-mediated decay targets, are required for increased life span under DR.


Xs: 2.715115 Ys: 4.185461 Publish year: 2022 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Gut Microbiota Markers and Dietary Habits Associated with Extreme Longevity in Healthy Sardinian Centenarians abstract: This study was aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota (GM) and its functional profile in two groups of Sardinian subjects with a long healthy life expectancy, overall named Long-Lived Subjects (LLS) [17 centenarians (CENT) and 29 nonagenarians (NON)] by comparing them to 46 healthy younger controls (CTLs). In addition, the contribution of genetics and environmental factors to the GM phenotype was assessed by comparing a subgroup of seven centenarian parents (CPAR) with a paired cohort of centenarians' offspring (COFF). The analysis was performed through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the V3 and V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene on the MiSeq Illumina platform. The Verrucomicrobia phylum was identified as the main biomarker in CENT, together with its members Verrucomicrobiaceae, Akkermansia and Akkermansia muciniphila. In NON, the strongest associations concern Actinobacteria phylum, Bifidobacteriaceae and Bifidobacterium, while in CTLs were related to the Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides and Bacteroides spp. Intestinal microbiota of CPAR and COFF did not differ significantly from each other. Significant correlations between bacterial taxa and clinical and lifestyle data, especially with Mediterranean diet adherence, were observed. We observed a harmonically balanced intestinal community structure in which the increase in taxa associated with intestinal health would limit and counteract the action of potentially pathogenic bacterial species in centenarians. The GM of long-lived individuals showed an intrinsic ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, as confirmed by functional analysis. The GM analysis of centenarians' offspring suggest that genetics and environmental factors act synergistically as a multifactorial cause in the modulation of GM towards a phenotype similar to that of centenarians, although these findings need to be confirmed by larger study cohorts and by prospective studies.


Xs: 6.421167 Ys: -1.0132979 Publish year: 2011 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Apple and Sugar Feeding in Adult Codling Moths, Cydia pomonella: Effects on Longevity, Fecundity, and Egg Fertility abstract: Attraction of adult codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to sweet baits has been well documented. However, beneficial effects of sugar feeding on moth fitness have not been demonstrated. Longevity, fecundity, and egg fertility were examined for female/male pairs of moths maintained with the following food regimens: water, sucrose water, honey water, apple juice, apple flesh, or starved, i.e., no food or water provided. Longevity and total fecundity were enhanced in all treatments relative to the starved treatment moths. Sucrose water, honey water, and apple juice treatments yielded the highest longevity, but total fecundity was highest for moths maintained on honey water or apple juice. Total egg fertility did not differ among treatments. However, egg fertility declined more gradually over the female lifespan for the three aqueous solution diets of sucrose water, honey water, and apple juice. Similarly, fecundity per day declined more gradually over time for honey water and apple juice treatments. Performance of moths maintained with apple flesh was generally intermediate between that of moths with water and the three aqueous solution treatments. This suggests that moths benefit from feeding on ripe apple flesh, although apple may be more difficult to ingest or its nutrients less concentrated compared to aqueous solutions. The results presented here may explain attraction of adult moths to sweet baits as well as to odors from ripe fruit, which may be a natural source of food in the fall.


Xs: 4.842025 Ys: -1.3339734 Publish year: 2019 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Longevity and cause of death in male Wistar rats fed lifelong diets based on virgin olive oil, sunflower oil or fish oil abstract: Extending life by delaying the aging process have proven to be the most effective way to fight multiple chronic diseases in elderly adults. Evidence suggests that longevity is inversely related to unsaturation of membrane phospholipids. The present study investigated how different unsaturated dietary fats affect lifespan and cause death in male Wistar rats fed diets based on virgin olive oil (V), sunflower oil (S) or fish oil (F), which were supplemented or not with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ 10). Previous results suggest that individual longevity and survival probability at different ages may be modulated by an appropriate dietary fat treatment. Lifelong feeding with V or F diets would reduce death probability compared to feeding with S diet at certain ages, although the effects of V diet would be maintained for most of life. Furthermore, the addition of lower amounts of CoQ 10 reduced mortality associated with S diet, but CoQ 10 had no effect on survival when combined with virgin olive oil or fish oil. Supplementation with low doses of CoQ 10 failed to increase the maximum lifespan potential of rats fed a V or F diet. No clear evidence showing that MUFA, n-3 PUFA or CoQ 10 exerted the observed effects by modulating the rate of aging has been found.


Xs: 4.957619 Ys: -1.7468015 Publish year: 2006 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Unlocking the Secrets of Longevity Genes abstract: A handful of genes that control the body's defenses during hard times, and can also dramatically improve health and prolong life in diverse organisms, are discussed. Many recently discovered genes, known by such cryptic names as dag-2, pit-1, amp-1, clk-1 and p66Shc, have been found to affect stress resistance and life span in laboratory organisms, suggesting that they could be part of a fundamental mechanism for surviving adversity. A gene called silent information regulator 2 (SIR2), variants of which are present in all organisms studied so far, from yeast to humans, is focused. Restricting an animal's calorie intake is the most famous intervention known to extend life span.


Xs: 6.002147 Ys: -1.4000118 Publish year: 2023 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Developmental Diet Alters the Fecundity–Longevity Relationship and Age-Related Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster abstract: The standard evolutionary theory of aging predicts a negative relationship (trade-off) between fecundity and longevity. However, in principle, the fecundity-longevity relationship can become positive in populations in which individuals have unequal resources. Positive fecundity-longevity relationships also occur in queens of eusocial insects such as ants and bees. Developmental diet is likely to be central to determining trade-offs as it affects key fitness traits, but its exact role remains uncertain. For example, in Drosophila melanogaster, changes in adult diet can affect fecundity, longevity, and gene expression throughout life, but it is unknown how changes in developmental (larval) diet affect fecundity-longevity relationships and gene expression in adults. Using D. melanogaster, we tested the hypothesis that varying developmental diet alters the directionality of fecundity-longevity relationships in adults, and characterised associated gene expression changes. We reared larvae on low (20%), medium (100%), and high (120%) yeast diets, and transferred adult females to a common diet. We measured fecundity and longevity of individual adult females and profiled gene expression changes with age. Adult females raised on different larval diets exhibited fecundity-longevity relationships that varied from significantly positive to significantly negative, despite minimal differences in mean life-time fertility or longevity. Treatments also differed in age-related gene expression, including for aging-related genes. Hence the sign of fecundity-longevity relationships in adult insects can be altered and even reversed by changes in larval diet quality. By extension, larval diet differences may represent a key mechanistic factor underpinning positive fecundity-longevity relationships observed in species such as eusocial insects.


Xs: 4.8162913 Ys: -1.3742012 Publish year: 2022 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Consumption of Grapes Modulates Gene Expression, Reduces Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Extends Longevity in Female C57BL/6J Mice Provided with a High-Fat Western-Pattern Diet abstract: A key objective of this study was to explore the potential of dietary grape consumption to modulate adverse effects caused by a high-fat (western-pattern) diet. Female C57BL/6J mice were purchased at six-weeks-of-age and placed on a standard (semi-synthetic) diet (STD). At 11 weeks-of-age, the mice were continued on the STD or placed on the STD supplemented with 5% standardized grape powder (STD5GP), a high-fat diet (HFD), or an HFD supplemented with 5% standardized grape powder (HFD5GP). After being provided with the respective diets for 13 additional weeks, the mice were euthanized, and liver was collected for biomarker analysis, determination of genetic expression (RNA-Seq), and histopathological examination. All four dietary groups demonstrated unique genetic expression patterns. Using pathway analysis tools (GO, KEGG and Reactome), relative to the STD group, differentially expressed genes of the STD5GP group were significantly enriched in RNA, mitochondria, and protein translation related pathways, as well as drug metabolism, glutathione, detoxification, and oxidative stress associated pathways. The expression of Gstp1 was confirmed to be upregulated by about five-fold (RT-qPCR), and, based on RNA-Seq data, the expression of additional genes associated with the reduction of oxidative stress and detoxification (Gpx4 and 8, Gss, Gpx7, Sod1) were enhanced by dietary grape supplementation. Cluster analysis of genetic expression patterns revealed the greatest divergence between the HFD5GP and HFD groups. In the HFD5GP group, relative to the HFD group, 14 genes responsible for the metabolism, transportation, hydrolysis, and sequestration of fatty acids were upregulated. Conversely, genes responsible for lipid content and cholesterol synthesis (Plin4, Acaa1b, Slc27a1) were downregulated. The two top classifications emerging as enriched in the HFD5GP group vs. the HFD group (KEGG pathway analysis) were Alzheimer’s disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), both of which have been reported in the literature to bear a causal relationship. In the current study, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was indicated by histological observations that revealed archetype markers of fatty liver induced by the HFD. The adverse response was diminished by grape intervention. In addition to these studies, life-long survival was assessed with C57BL/6J mice. C57BL/6J mice were received at four-weeks-of-age and placed on the STD. At 14-weeks-of-age, the mice were divided into two groups (100 per group) and provided with the HFD or the HFD5GP. Relative to the HFD group, the survival time of the HFD5GP group was enhanced (log-rank test, p = 0.036). The respective hazard ratios were 0.715 (HFD5GP) and 1.397 (HFD). Greater body weight positively correlated with longevity; the highest body weight of the HFD5GP group was attained later in life than the HFD group (p = 0.141). These results suggest the potential of dietary grapes to modulate hepatic gene expression, prevent oxidative damage, induce fatty acid metabolism, ameliorate NAFLD, and increase longevity when co-administered with a high-fat diet.


Xs: 5.594033 Ys: -1.7184653 Publish year: 2018 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Tissue-specific transcriptome profiling of Drosophila reveals roles for GATA transcription factors in longevity by dietary restriction abstract: Dietary restriction (DR) extends animal lifespan, but imposes fitness costs. This phenomenon depends on dietary essential amino acids (EAAs) and TOR signalling, which exert systemic effects. However, the roles of specific tissues and cell-autonomous transcriptional regulators in diverse aspects of the DR phenotype are unknown. Manipulating relevant transcription factors (TFs) specifically in lifespan-limiting tissues may separate the lifespan benefits of DR from the early-life fitness costs. Here, we systematically analyse transcription across organs of Drosophila subjected to DR or low TOR and predict regulatory TFs. We predict and validate roles for the evolutionarily conserved GATA family of TFs, and identify conservation of this signal in mice. Importantly, restricting knockdown of the GATA TF srp to specific fly tissues recapitulated the benefits but not the costs of DR. Together, our data indicate that the GATA TFs mediate effects of dietary amino acids on lifespan, and that by manipulating them in specific tissues it is possible to reap the fitness benefits of EAAs, decoupled from a cost to longevity.


Xs: 5.362953 Ys: -1.9230322 Publish year: 2014 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: MicroRNAs mediate dietary-restriction-induced longevity through PHA-4/FOXA and SKN-1/Nrf transcription factors abstract: Background:
Dietary restriction (DR) has been shown to prolong longevity across diverse taxa, yet the mechanistic relationship between DR and longevity remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control aging-related functions such as metabolism and lifespan through regulation of genes in insulin signaling, mitochondrial respiration, and protein homeostasis.

Results:
We have conducted a network analysis of aging-associated miRNAs connected to transcription factors PHA-4/FOXA and SKN-1/Nrf, which are both necessary for DR-induced lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our network analysis has revealed extensive regulatory interactions between PHA-4, SKN-1, and miRNAs and points to two aging-associated miRNAs, miR-71 and miR-228, as key nodes of this network. We show that miR-71 and miR-228 are critical for the response to DR in C. elegans. DR induces the expression of miR-71 and miR-228, and the regulation of these miRNAs depends on PHA-4 and SKN-1. In turn, we show that PHA-4 and SKN-1 are negatively regulated by miR-228, whereas miR-71 represses PHA-4.

Conclusions:
Based on our findings, we have discovered new links in an important pathway connecting DR to aging. By interacting with PHA-4 and SKN-1, miRNAs transduce the effect of dietary-restriction-mediated lifespan extension in C. elegans. Given the conservation of miRNAs, PHA-4, and SKN-1 across phylogeny, these interactions are likely to be conserved in more-complex species.


Xs: 4.9925017 Ys: -1.7495732 Publish year: 2016 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Opposing impacts on healthspan and longevity by limiting dietary selenium in telomere dysfunctional mice abstract: Selenium (Se) is a trace metalloid essential for life, but its nutritional and physiological roles during the aging process remain elusive. While telomere attrition contributes to replicative senescence mainly through persistent DNA damage response, such an aging process is mitigated in mice with inherently long telomeres. Here, weanling third generation telomerase RNA component knockout mice carrying short telomeres were fed a Se-deficient basal diet or the diet supplemented with 0.15 ppm Se as sodium selenate to be nutritionally sufficient throughout their life. Dietary Se deprivation delayed wound healing and accelerated incidence of osteoporosis, gray hair, alopecia, and cataract, but surprisingly promoted longevity. Plasma microRNA profiling revealed a circulating signature of Se deprivation, and subsequent ontological analyses predicted dominant changes in metabolism. Consistent with this observation, dietary Se deprivation accelerated age-dependent declines in glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and glucose-stimulated insulin production in the mice. Moreover, DNA damage and senescence responses were enhanced and Pdx1 and MafA mRNA expression were reduced in pancreas of the Se-deficient mice. Altogether, these results suggest a novel model of aging with conceptual advances, whereby Se at low levels may be considered a hormetic chemical and decouple healthspan and longevity.


Xs: 6.201571 Ys: -1.3271601 Publish year: 2009 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Effect of adult diet on signaling activity, mate attraction, and mating success in male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) abstract: Se llevaron a cabo experimentos de campos para examinar el efecto de la dieta de los adultos sobre la actividad de llamado, atracción de la hembra, y éxito de apareamiento en machos de la mosca del Mediterráneo, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). En todas las pruebas se establecieron comparaciones entre machos alimentados solamente con azúcar (machos “privado de proteína”) y machos alimentados con una mezcla de azúcar y proteína (machos “alimentados con proteínas”). En pruebas de atracción a largas distancias, grupos que consistían de machos privados de proteínas exclusivamente o de machos alimentados con proteínas exclusivamente fueron establecidos en un cultivo de café, y se liberaron hembras desde un punto central de liberación. Machos alimentados con proteínas y machos privados de proteínas desplegaron niveles de llamado similares, pero aproximadamente el doble de observaciones hacia los machos por parte de la hembra fueron registradas en los grupos de machos alimentados con proteínas comparados con el grupo de machos privados de proteínas. Una segunda prueba de atracción de las hembras comparó grupos individuales de machos privados de proteínas y grupos de machos alimentados con proteínas dentro del área foliar de la planta hospedera de la jaula en campo. Como se determinó anteriormente la actividad de llamado no varió con la dieta, y en este caso el número de observaciones hacia los machos por parte de las hembras fueron también similares entre los grupos de machos alimentados con proteínas vs. machos privados de proteínas. En las pruebas de apareamientos conducidas en plantas hospederas dentro de jaulas en el campo, los machos alimentados con proteínas lograron significativamente mayor número de apareamiento que los machos privados de proteínas. Estos resultados son comparados con otros estudios recientes sobre la ecología nutricional de los machos de la moscas del Mediterráneo.


Xs: 6.3460646 Ys: -1.168614 Publish year: 2019 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Effects of Feeding Adults of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) on Longevity, Oviposition, and Egg Hatchability: Insights Into Optimizing Egg Production abstract: Larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), have been widely studied for their capacity of generating value-added products through waste bioconversion. Several efforts have been made towards optimization of rearing methods of the larval stages. Despite this, less information regarding the feeding behavior of adults and its effects on life parameters is available. We studied the impacts of subjecting adults to four diets: no diet (control); drinking water (water); a mix of sugar, bacteriological peptone, and milk powder (milk); and agar with sugar (agar). In total five replicates with 50 females and 50 males per treatment were performed. Oviposition and mortality were recorded daily. Additionally, egg hatchability and number of eggs per mass were measured. Results from this study indicate that the amount of eggs was 3 times higher for diets containing a protein source. Furthermore, milk treatment increased the oviposition period by 10 d compared with that of the standard water treatment. No significant difference was found for male longevity; however, females fed with milk diet lived 5 d longer than the control group. Egg hatchability ranged 70–85%, but was not significantly different across treatments. In terms of egg production for both industrial and research purposes, we suggest using a protein-rich diet to maximize oviposition and longevity parameters as adults do benefit from feeding.


Xs: 5.2514453 Ys: -1.9432069 Publish year: 2016 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Splicing Factor 1 Modulates Dietary Restriction and TORC1 Pathway Longevity in C. elegans abstract: Ageing is driven by a loss of transcriptional and protein homeostasis1, 2, 3 and is the key risk factor for multiple chronic diseases. Interventions that attenuate or reverse systemic dysfunction associated with age therefore have the potential to reduce overall disease risk in the elderly. Precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) splicing is a fundamental link between gene expression and the proteome, and deregulation of the splicing machinery is linked to several age-related chronic illnesses4, 5. However, the role of splicing homeostasis in healthy ageing remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that pre-mRNA splicing homeostasis is a biomarker and predictor of life expectancy in Caenorhabditis elegans. Using transcriptomics and in-depth splicing analysis in young and old animals fed ad libitum or subjected to dietary restriction, we find defects in global pre-mRNA splicing with age that are reduced by dietary restriction via splicing factor 1 (SFA-1; the C. elegans homologue of SF1, also known as branchpoint binding protein, BBP). We show that SFA-1 is specifically required for lifespan extension by dietary restriction and by modulation of the TORC1 pathway components AMPK, RAGA-1 and RSKS-1/S6 kinase. We also demonstrate that overexpression of SFA-1 is sufficient to extend lifespan. Together, these data demonstrate a role for RNA splicing homeostasis in dietary restriction longevity and suggest that modulation of specific spliceosome components may prolong healthy ageing.


Xs: 5.2458158 Ys: -1.8396131 Publish year: 2017 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Differential alternative splicing coupled to nonsense-mediated decay of mRNA ensures dietary restriction-induced longevity abstract: Alternative splicing (AS) coupled to nonsense-mediated decay (AS-NMD) is a conserved mechanism for post-transcriptional gene regulation. Here we show that, during dietary restriction (DR), AS is enhanced in Caenorhabditis elegans and mice. A splicing mediator hrpu-1 regulates a significant part of these AS events in C. elegans; knocking it down suppresses DR-mediated longevity. Concurrently, due to increased AS, NMD pathway genes are upregulated and knocking down UPF1 homologue smg-2 suppresses DR lifespan. Knockdown of NMD during DR significantly increases the inclusion of PTC-containing introns and the lengths of the 3′UTRs. Finally, we demonstrate that PHA-4/FOXA transcriptionally regulates the AS-NMD genes. Our study suggests that DR uses AS to amplify the proteome, supporting physiological remodelling required for enhanced longevity. This increases the dependence on NMD, but also helps fine-tune the expression of metabolic and splicing mediators. AS-NMD may thus provide an energetically favourable level of dynamic gene expression control during dietary restriction.


Xs: 4.6966667 Ys: -1.4219888 Publish year: 2014 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Early-life nutritional programming of longevity abstract: Available data from both experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that inadequate diet in early life can permanently change the structure and function of specific organs or homoeostatic pathways, thereby 'programming' the individual's health status and longevity. Sufficient evidence has accumulated showing significant impact of epigenetic regulation mechanisms in nutritional programming phenomenon. The essential role of early-life diet in the development of aging-related chronic diseases is well established and described in many scientific publications. However, the programming effects on lifespan have not been extensively reviewed systematically. The aim of the review is to provide a summary of research findings and theoretical explanations that indicate that longevity can be influenced by early nutrition.


Xs: 4.079719 Ys: -0.6151016 Publish year: 2024 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Exceptional longevity in Okinawa: Demographic trends since 1975 abstract: Demographers have studied the Japanese mortality pattern since Japan became the most longevous population worldwide, half a century ago. Nutrition and lifestyle were considered by epidemiologists, gerontologists and other scientists as the most important reasons explaining the Japanese superiority. In Okinawa, the mortality pattern is even more exceptional, but few demographers have pointed out this exception. Other scientists proposed different explanations – for example some genetic characteristics, less salt and more animal protein in the food, a mild climate, a higher level of activity, a better consideration of the oldest in the population and, globally speaking, a more traditional lifestyle. At the end of the 1980s, lower improvements of mortality among young adults were identified in Okinawa. In 2002, Okinawa fell from the 4th to the 26th place in the ranking of the 47 Japanese prefectures by male life expectancy. This has been considered by the population of Okinawa as a ‘shock’. Our in‐depth analysis of available life tables and associated mortality rates proves that the population of Okinawa is divided into two groups of generations: those born before World War II and those born after. The older generations clearly experience a highly favourable mortality pattern, whereas the younger generations show mortality levels that are definitively higher compared to mainland Japan. This contribution considers which factors may explain such a situation, including the plausible invalidation of the age of some oldest in the population. We plea for in‐depth demographic age validation that will enhance all scientific findings so far and boost the exceptional longevity in Okinawa.


Xs: 5.888546 Ys: -1.545892 Publish year: 2007 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Diet dependent longevity and hypoxic tolerance of adult Drosophila melanogaster abstract: Relationships between nutrition and longevity are of growing interest. Here we analysed the influences of dietary restriction on the survival of Drosophila exposed to atmospheric oxygen or to chronic hypoxia. Dietary restriction was achieved by food dilution, by sucrose restriction or by yeast restriction. Sucrose and yeast influenced survival in a complex manner that was best visualised using a phenotypic landscape metaphor. Survival contour maps integrate poorly understood behavioural adaptations, metabolic regulations and nutrient signalling pathways in a comprehensive manner. Dietary yeast produced a bell shaped survival response which was dependent on sucrose. Hypoxic flies had a reduced longevity as compared to normoxic flies and their dependence on specific nutrients was modified. Yeast which was beneficial to normoxic flies was toxic for hypoxic flies. In addition hypoxic flies were more resistant to starvation. We conclude that the survival and the hypoxic tolerance of Drosophila have different nutritional requirements.


Xs: 5.83671 Ys: -1.3511945 Publish year: 2020 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Longevity-promoting efficacies of rutin in high fat diet fed Drosophila melanogaster abstract: Composition of diet significantly impacts lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Diet-composition becomes even more crucial while assessing a phytocompound for probable pro-longevity effects in flies. Rutin is a flavonol glycoside present in apple, buckwheat, black tea and green tea. Our previous study had reported hormetic efficacy of rutin to improve longevity and other physiological parameters in Drosophila melanogaster fed with standard diet. This study aimed to understand whether rutin could exhibit similar longevity promoting effects in flies fed with a high fat diet (HFD). In this study, wild type Canton-S males and females were reared on high fat diet (HFD) treated with or without rutin at different doses (100–800 µM) and assessed for survival, food intake, fecundity, locomotion, development, resistance to various forms of stresses and relative mRNA expression of specific genes associated with ageing, namely dFoxO, MnSod, Cat, dTsc1, dTsc2, Thor, dAtg1, dAtg5, dAtg7 and dTor. Rutin at only 400 µM significantly improved survival in males fed with HFD; while at 200 µM and 400 µM it significantly improved survival in females. Doses beyond 400 µM proved detrimental for both sexes. Rutin at 200 µM and 400 µM significantly reduced average food intake in both males and females fed with HFD. A significant reduction in number of eggs laid per female per day was observed in females treated with rutin at 400 µM. Rutin at 200 µM and 400 µM significantly improved climbing efficiency in males and females. A significant reduction in eclosion time was observed in larvae fed with HFD and treated with rutin at 400 µM. Rutin at 400 µM significantly improved resistance of males and females to different stresses namely heat shock, cold shock and starvation stresses. Interestingly, rutin at 400 µM significantly reduced survival of males and females exposed to oxidative stress. In males fed with HFD, rutin at 200 µM showed significantly increased relative expression of dFoxo, MnSod, Cat, dAtg1, dAtg5 and dAtg7; at 400 µM it significantly increased the relative expression of dFoxO, MnSod, Cat, dTsc1, dTsc2, Thor, dAtg1, dAtg5, dAtg7 while decreasing relative expression of dTor. Thus, data from this study collectively showed that rutin at 400 µM and to an extent 200 µM positively impacted lifespan and modulated other physiological parameters in males and females fed with HFD.


Xs: 4.96841 Ys: -0.97799474 Publish year: 2019 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Hormetic Effects of Phytochemicals on Health and Longevity abstract: Caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and exercise activate defensive cellular responses such as autophagy, DNA repair, and the induction of antioxidant enzymes. These processes improve health and longevity by protecting cells and organs against damage, mutations, and reactive oxygen species. Consuming a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and mushrooms can also improve health and longevity. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, and terpenoids found in plants and fungi activate the same cellular processes as caloric restriction, fasting, and exercise. Many of the beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables may thus be due to activation of stress resistance pathways by phytochemicals. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of phytochemicals may provide important insights to delay aging and prevent chronic diseases.


Xs: 4.894029 Ys: -1.4946336 Publish year: 2013 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Stress responses, vitagenes and hormesis as critical determinants in aging and longevity: Mitochondria as a "chi" abstract: Understanding mechanisms of aging and determinants of life span will help to reduce age-related morbidity and facilitate healthy aging. Average lifespan has increased over the last centuries, as a consequence of medical and environmental factors, but maximal life span remains unchanged. Extension of maximal life span is currently possible in animal models with measures such as genetic manipulations and caloric restriction (CR). CR appears to prolong life by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative damage. But ROS formation, which is positively implicated in cellular stress response mechanisms, is a highly regulated process controlled by a complex network of intracellular signaling pathways. By sensing the intracellular nutrient and energy status, the functional state of mitochondria, and the concentration of ROS produced in mitochondria, the longevity network regulates life span across species by coordinating information flow along its convergent, divergent and multiply branched signaling pathways, including vitagenes which are genes involved in preserving cellular homeostasis during stressful conditions. Vitagenes encode for heat shock proteins (Hsp) Hsp32, Hsp70, the thioredoxin and the sirtuin protein systems. Dietary antioxidants, have recently been demonstrated to be neuroprotective through the activation of hormetic pathways, including vitagenes. The hormetic dose--response, challenges long-standing beliefs about the nature of the dose--response in a lowdose zone, having the potential to affect significantly the design of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials as well as strategies for optimal patient dosing in the treatment of numerous diseases. Given the broad cytoprotective properties of the heat shock response there is now strong interest in discovering and developing pharmacological agents capable of inducing stress responses. Here we focus on possible signaling mechanisms involved in the activation of vitagenes resulting in enhanced defense against energy and stress resistance homeostasis dysiruption with consequent impact on longevity processes.


Xs: 3.8496954 Ys: -1.0211841 Publish year: 2021 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Evolution of the Dietary Patterns Across Nutrition Transition in the Sardinian Longevity Blue Zone and Association with Health Indicators in the Oldest Old abstract: Health and longevity in humans are influenced by numerous factors, including lifestyle and nutrition. However, the direct relationship between lifetime eating habits and functional capacity of the elderly is poorly understood. This study investigated the dietary changes across nutrition transition (NT) in the early 1960s, in a population located in the Sardinia island known for its longevity, dubbed as “Longevity Blue Zone” (LBZ), as well as the relationship between the dietary patterns and a panel of health indicators. A total of 150 oldest-old participants (89 women and 61 men, age range 90–101 years) living in the LBZ were recruited. Participants were interviewed using validated questionnaires to assess the consumption frequency of common food items, as well as the correlation with self-rated health, comorbidity, affective and cognitive level, physical mobility, disability and anthropometric parameters. Differences between subgroups were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples. Correlation analysis was performed by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient, separately in males and females. Compared to the pre-NT epoch, the consumption of meat, olive oil and fresh fruit slightly increased, while the consumption of lard, legumes and vegetables decreased. A significant association was found between increased olive oil intake across NT and self-rated health (ρ = 0.519), mobility (ρ = 0.502), improved vision (ρ = −0.227) and hearing (ρ = −0.314); increased chicken meat intake and performance in activities of daily living (basic activities of daily living: ρ = 0.351; instrumental activities of daily living: ρ = 0.333). Instead, vegetable consumption showed low correlation with health indicators. A mild increase in meat intake, mostly pastured poultry, is associated with better physical performance in the Sardinian LBZ elders, suggesting that a supply of protein may have been crucial to maintaining adequate functional capacity.


Xs: 4.715265 Ys: -1.6953454 Publish year: 2021 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Importance of circadian timing for aging and longevity abstract: Dietary restriction (DR) decreases body weight, improves health, and extends lifespan. DR can be achieved by controlling how much and/or when food is provided, as well as by adjusting nutritional composition. Because these factors are often combined during DR, it is unclear which are necessary for beneficial effects. Several drugs have been utilized that target nutrient-sensing gene pathways, many of which change expression throughout the day, suggesting that the timing of drug administration is critical. Here, we discuss how dietary and pharmacological interventions promote a healthy lifespan by influencing energy intake and circadian rhythms.


Xs: 5.7377214 Ys: -1.4998307 Publish year: 2015 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Dietary Fatty Acids and Temperature Modulate Mitochondrial Function and Longevity in Drosophila abstract: Fluctuations in temperature and resource availability are conditions many organisms contend with in nature. Specific dietary nutrients such as fatty acids play an essential role in reproduction, cold adaptation, and metabolism in a variety of organisms. The present study characterizes how temperature and diet interact to modulate Drosophila physiology and life span. Flies were raised on media containing specific saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids supplements at low concentrations and were placed in varied thermal environments. We found that dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids improve chill coma recovery and modulate mitochondrial function. Additionally, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid food supplements were detrimental to life span regardless of temperature, and antioxidants were able to partially rescue this effect. This study provides insight into environmental modulation of Drosophila physiology and life span.
© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.


Xs: 6.4205337 Ys: -0.9668658 Publish year: 2019 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: A Floral Diet Increases the Longevity of the Coccinellid Adalia bipunctata but Does Not Allow Molting or Reproduction abstract: Adalia bipunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a generalist aphidophagous coccinellid and an important natural enemy in many agroecosystems including orchards. Coccinellid species have been observed to consume non-prey food like nectar and pollen, but the value of these foods for A. bipunctata is poorly known. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different prey and non-prey diets on A. bipunctata larval development and adult longevity and fecundity. Larval development was studied on three prey diets: The aphids Dysaphis plantaginea and Myzus persicae and Lepidopteran eggs of Ephestia kuehniella; five flower diets: Matricaria chamomilla, Daucus carota, Fagopyrum esculentum, Anethum graveolens, and Sinapis alba; four pollen diets from three plant species: Typha angustifolia, Malus pumila (two varieties) and A. graveolens; and 1 M solutions of three sugars: glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Adult longevity and fecundity were tested on one prey diet (E. kuhniella eggs), three flower diets (F. esculentum, A. graveolens, and S. alba); the same four pollen diets and three sugar diets with larvae; and finally a mixed diet of sucrose and A. graveolens pollen. A water-only (starvation) control was used for both larval development and adult longevity and fecundity. Adult lipid content was assessed as a measure of how non-prey food affects the ladybeetles' nutritional status. Larvae did not develop beyond the first instar on any of the non-prey diets, but they lived more than twice as long as on F. esculentum and sugar diets than on water. Sugar and flower diets improved A. bipunctata adult longevity (71–92 days and 10–66 days, respectively) over a pure pollen diet (6–7 days). Fecundity was nil on all non-prey diets, and within a normal range on E. kuhniella eggs. The results suggest that pure floral diets do not support A. bipunctata molting or reproduction, but flowering plants can prolong A. bipunctata larval survival and adults longevity considerably when prey are absent. Adults on sugar diets had high lipid content, indicating that sugar feeding can improve overwintering survival. The findings could be used in agroecosystem design, such as the composition of flower strips for optimal functional diversity.


Xs: 5.2880006 Ys: -1.8273954 Publish year: 2017 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Age-Dependent Neuroendocrine Signaling from Sensory Neurons Modulates the Effect of Dietary Restriction on Longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans abstract: Dietary restriction extends lifespan in evolutionarily diverse animals. A role for the sensory nervous system in dietary restriction has been established in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans, but little is known about how neuroendocrine signals influence the effects of dietary restriction on longevity. Here, we show that DAF-7/TGFβ, which is secreted from the C. elegans amphid, promotes lifespan extension in response to dietary restriction in C. elegans. DAF-7 produced by the ASI pair of sensory neurons acts on DAF-1/TGFβ receptors expressed on interneurons to inhibit the co-SMAD DAF-3. We find that increased activity of DAF-3 in the presence of diminished or deleted DAF-7 activity abrogates lifespan extension conferred by dietary restriction. We also observe that DAF-7 expression is dynamic during the lifespan of C. elegans, with a marked decrease in DAF-7 levels as animals age during adulthood. We show that this age-dependent diminished expression contributes to the reduced sensitivity of aging animals to the effects of dietary restriction. DAF-7 signaling is a pivotal regulator of metabolism and food-dependent behavior, and our studies establish a molecular link between the neuroendocrine physiology of C. elegans and the process by which dietary restriction can extend lifespan.


Xs: 6.1928277 Ys: -1.274621 Publish year: 2008 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Methylparaben in Anopheles gambiae s.l. sugar meals increases longevity and malaria oocyst abundance but is not a preferred diet abstract: The antimicrobial and antifungal chemical methylparaben (methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate) was added to the adult sucrose diet of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis, and its effect on longevity was determined. In all cases, significant increases in longevity were observed when 0.2% (w/v) methylparaben was added to meals that were refreshed weekly. When fresh sugar diet was refreshed daily, no increase in longevity was observed due to methylparaben suggesting that the effect of methylparaben is to preserve the quality of the sugar diet. No longevity effect of providing pure water in addition to sugar- or methylparaben-supplemented meals was observed. Feeding preference tests were performed to determine whether meals containing methylparaben were preferred, and whether, when given no choice but the less-preferred diet, mosquitoes would consume less sugar. Using the stable carbon isotope (13)C in paired tests, we show that the sugar diet containing methylparaben was clearly avoided by A. gambiae but not A. arabiensis. Little effect of methylparaben on the total amount of sugar consumed was observed when mosquitoes were given no diet choice. Methylparaben effects on Plasmodium cynomolgi B oocyst formation and encapsulation were observed in a normal A. gambiae stock and one which encapsulates at a high frequency. Nearly two-fold increases in the number of both normal and encapsulated oocysts were observed as a result of methylparaben in the diet. Because of its longevity effects, we have implemented methylparaben use for all mosquitoes in our holdings and recommend it as a routine sugar meal supplement.


Xs: 5.789822 Ys: -1.6338521 Publish year: 2016 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Glucose modulates Drosophila longevity and immunity independent of the microbiota abstract: The acquisition of nutrients is essential for maintenance of metabolic processes in all organisms. Nutritional imbalance contributes to myriad metabolic disorders that include malnutrition, diabetes and even cancer. Recently, the importance of macronutrient ratio of food has emerged as a critical factor to determine health outcomes. Here we show that individual modifications to a completely defined diet markedly impact multiple aspects of organism wellbeing in Drosophila melanogaster. Through a longitudinal survey of several diets we demonstrate that increased levels of dietary glucose significantly improve longevity and immunity in adult Drosophila. Our metagenomic studies show that relative macronutrient levels not only influence the host, but also have a profound impact on microbiota composition. However, we found that elevated dietary glucose extended the lifespan of adult flies even when raised in a germ-free environment. Furthermore, when challenged with a chronic enteric infection, flies fed a diet with added glucose had increased survival times even in the absence of an intact microbiota. Thus, in contrast to known links between the microbiota and animal health, our findings uncover a novel microbiota-independent response to diet that impacts host wellbeing. As dietary responses are highly conserved in animals, we believe our results offer a general understanding of the association between glucose metabolism and animal health.


Xs: 5.303609 Ys: -1.8445432 Publish year: 2020 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: AMPK‐mediated formation of stress granules is required for dietary restriction‐induced longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans abstract: Stress granules (SGs) are nonmembranous organelles that are dynamically assembled and disassembled in response to various stressors. Under stressed conditions, polyadenylated mRNAs and translation factors are sequestrated in SGs to promote global repression of protein synthesis. It has been previously demonstrated that SG formation enhances cell survival and stress resistance. However, the physiological role of SGs in organismal aging and longevity regulation remains unclear. In this study, we used TIAR‐1::GFP and GTBP‐1::GFP as markers to monitor the formation of SGs in Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that, in addition to acute heat stress, SG formation could also be triggered by dietary changes, such as starvation and dietary restriction (DR). We found that HSF‐1 is required for the SG formation in response to acute heat shock and starvation but not DR, whereas the AMPK‐eEF2K signaling is required for starvation and DR‐induced SG formation but not heat shock. Moreover, our data suggest that this AMPK‐eEF2K pathway‐mediated SG formation is required for lifespan extension by DR, but dispensable for the longevity by reduced insulin/IGF‐1 signaling. Collectively, our findings unveil a novel role of SG formation in DR‐induced longevity. In addition to heat stress, starvation and dietary restriction (DR) can activate stress granule (SG) formation in Caenorhabditis elegans. HSF‐1 and AMPK are two key regulators for the SG formations. HSF‐1 is required for the SG formation in response to acute heat shock and starvation but not DR, whereas the AMPK‐eEF2K pathway is required for starvation and DR‐induced SG formation but not heat shock. Furthermore, AMPK‐mediated SG formation contributes to DR‐induced longevity.


Xs: 5.100679 Ys: -1.4523615 Publish year: 2010 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Metabolism and longevity: Is there a role for membrane fatty acids? abstract: More than 100 years ago, Max Rubner combined the fact that both metabolic rate and longevity of mammals varies with body size to calculate that "life energy potential" (lifetime energy turnover per kilogram) was relatively constant. This calculation linked longevity to aerobic metabolism which in turn led to the "rate-of-living" and ultimately the "oxidative stress" theories of aging. However, the link between metabolic rate and longevity is imperfect. Although unknown in Rubner's time, one aspect of body composition of mammals also varies with body size, namely the fatty acid composition of membranes. Fatty acids vary dramatically in their susceptibility to peroxidation and the products of lipid peroxidation are very powerful reactive molecules that damage other cellular molecules. The "membrane pacemaker" modification of the "oxidative stress" theory of aging proposes that fatty acid composition of membranes, via its influence on peroxidation of lipids, is an important determinant of lifespan (and a link between metabolism and longevity). The relationship between membrane fatty acid composition and longevity is discussed for (1) mammals of different body size, (2) birds of different body size, (3) mammals and birds that are exceptionally long-living for their size, (4) strains of mice that vary in longevity, (5) calorie-restriction extension of longevity in rodents, (6) differences in longevity between queen and worker honeybees, and (7) variation in longevity among humans. Most of these comparisons support an important role for membrane fatty acid composition in the determination of longevity. It is apparent that membrane composition is regulated for each species. Provided the diet is not deficient in polyunsaturated fat, it has minimal influence on a species' membrane fatty acid composition and likely also on it's maximum longevity. The exceptional longevity of Homo sapiens combined with the limited knowledge of the fatty acid composition of human tissues support the potential importance of mitochondrial membranes in determination of longevity.


Xs: 5.4081354 Ys: -1.4768906 Publish year: 2019 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Metabolomics and phenotype assessment reveal cellular toxicity of triclosan in Caenorhabditis elegans abstract: Triclosan (TCS) is an antibiotic that is added to household and personal care products. Recently, it has become more popular, turning into one of the major contaminants of the environment. This raises a dawning awareness regarding health and environmental issues. In this study, the toxicity of TCS to Caenorhabditis elegans was evaluated using a metabolomics approach. Additionally, the lifespan, locomotion, and reproduction of C. elegans were monitored for a better interpretation of toxic effects. In C. elegans exposed to TCS at the concentration of 1 mg/L, the average lifespan decreased in approximately 3 days. Reproduction and locomotion were also decreased with TCS exposure. The number of progenies, head thrashes, and body bends decreased to 45.15 ± 11.63, 39.60 ± 5.90, and 9.20 ± 1.56 with the exposure to TCS, respectively. Oxidative stress was induced by TCS exposure, which was confirmed by using DAF-16:GFP strain and H2DCF-DA-based ROS assay. Metabolomics analysis revealed that carbohydrates and amino acids related to energy production were considerably affected by TCS exposure. Additionally, levels of tyrosine, serine, and polyamines, responsible for neurotransmitter and stress response, were significantly altered. Collectively, our findings suggest that TCS induces toxic effects by various mechanisms and exerts a strong influence in various phenotypes of the tested model.