Xs: 5.758289 Ys: -1.4391477 Publish year: 2018 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Dietary Resveratrol Does Not Affect Life Span, Body Composition, Stress Response, and Longevity-Related Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster abstract: In this study, we tested the effect of the stilbene resveratrol on life span, body composition, locomotor activity, stress response, and the expression of genes encoding proteins centrally involved in ageing pathways in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Male and female w1118 D. melanogaster were fed diets based on sucrose, corn meal, and yeast. Flies either received a control diet or a diet supplemented with 500 µmol/L resveratrol. Dietary resveratrol did not affect mean, median, and maximal life span of male and female flies. Furthermore, body composition remained largely unchanged following the resveratrol supplementation. Locomotor activity, as determined by the climbing index, was not significantly different between control and resveratrol-supplemented flies. Resveratrol-fed flies did not exhibit an improved stress response towards hydrogen peroxide as compared to controls. Resveratrol did not change mRNA steady levels of antioxidant (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, NADH dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase 2) and longevity-related genes, including sirtuin 2, spargel, and I’m Not Dead Yet. Collectively, present data suggest that resveratrol does not affect life span, body composition, locomotor activity, stress response, and longevity-associated gene expression in w1118 D. melanogaster.


Xs: 4.9869547 Ys: -1.6148914 Publish year: 2016 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Nutrition and Energetics in Rodent Longevity Research abstract: The impact of calorie amount on aging has been extensively described; however, variation over time and among laboratories in animal diet, housing condition, and strains complicates discerning the true influence of calories (energy) versus nutrients on lifespan. Within the dietary restriction field, single macronutrient manipulations have historically been researched as a means to reduce calories while maintaining adequate levels of essential nutrients. Recent reports of nutritional geometry, including rodent models, highlight the impact macronutrients have on whole organismal aging outcomes. However, other environmental factors (e.g., ambient temperature) may alter nutrient preferences and requirements revealing context specific outcomes. Herein we highlight factors that influence the energetic and nutrient demands of organisms which often times have underappreciated impacts on clarifying interventional effects on health and longevity in aging studies and subsequent translation to improve the human condition.


Xs: 6.293879 Ys: -1.2536956 Publish year: 2014 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Development of probiotic diets for the olive fly: Evaluation of their effects on fly longevity and fecundity abstract: One possible control strategy against the olive fly, Bactrocera oleae, the most serious olive crop pest, is the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) application. However, a number of problems associated with this method remain that decrease the effectiveness of SIT, including the quality of reared insects. Taking the importance of the relationship between the olive fly and bacteria into consideration, the effects of probiotic diets enriched with Pseudomonas putida on B. oleae longevity and fecundity were evaluated. First, we found that the probiotic bacterium, P. putida, is conveyed from diets to the oesophageal bulb as well as to the fly midgut after feeding on the probiotic diet. Subsequently, B. oleae adults fed on either: (a) a standard full protein and sugar diet; (b) a sugar only diet; (c) a probiotic standard full protein and sugar diet; or (d) a probiotic sugar diet. Flies fed on probiotic diets were supplied with an inoculated gel containing P. putida; non-inoculated gel was provided to the flies fed on non-probiotic diets. B. oleae males and females that fed on sugar diets did not survive as long as those that fed on protein diets. A comparison of the longevity of adults fed on full diet and sugar with their respective probiotic diets revealed no significant difference. Males fed on the sugar only diet survived longer than males fed on probiotic sugar diet, and females fed on the full protein and sugar diet survived much longer than females fed on the full probiotic diet. As regarding fecundity, both full diets resulted in a higher number of eggs laid per female. Females fed on the probiotic sugar diet laid a higher number of eggs than females that fed on sugar only. The inoculated gel of the probiotic sugar diet contained a significantly higher quantity of leucine, isoleucine and proline than the non-inoculated gel of the sugar only diet. The possible role of dietary bacteria in relation to functional aspects of olive fly physiology is discussed.


Xs: 4.653878 Ys: -1.6656926 Publish year: 1992 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Exercise and Food Restriction in Rats2 abstract: A number of studies have shown that exercised rats live longer than sedentary freely eating controls. There is disagreement regarding whether exercise results in extension of maximal life span. However, in two studies of the effect of voluntary wheel running on longevity of male specific-pathogen-free Long-Evans rats it was found that, although the runners had a longer average survival than sedentary freely eating controls, they did not have an increase in maximal life span. This is in contrast to the effect of food restriction. Sedentary rats that were food restricted to keep their body weights in the same range as those of the runners lived longer than the runners and showed an extension of life span. When exercise, in the form of voluntary wheel running was combined with food restriction (approximately 30% below ad libitum), the runners had an increased mortality rate over the first approximately 50% of their mortality curve up to age approximately 900 d. However, in those food-restricted runners that survived past approximately 900 d survival became similar to that of food-restricted sedentary controls, with a similar increase in maximal life span. Thus, although exercise has a deleterious effect on food-restricted rats, it does not counteract the increase in maximal life span induced by food restriction.


Xs: 5.003244 Ys: -1.7661747 Publish year: 2021 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Olfactory perception of food abundance regulates dietary restriction-mediated longevity via a brain-to-gut signal abstract: The role of food nutrients in mediating the positive effect of dietary restriction (DR) on longevity has been extensively characterized, but how non-nutrient food components regulate lifespan is not well understood. Here, we show that food-associated odors shorten the lifespan of Caenorhabditiselegans under DR but not those fed ad libitum, revealing a specific effect of food odors on DR-mediated longevity. Food odors act on a neural circuit comprising the sensory neurons ADF and CEP, and the interneuron RIC. This olfactory circuit signals the gut to suppress DR-mediated longevity via octopamine, the mammalian homolog of norepinephrine, by regulating the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through a Gq-phospholipase Cβ-CaMKK-dependent mechanism. In mouse primary cells, we find that norepinephrine signaling regulates AMPK through a similar mechanism. Our results identify a brain–gut axis that regulates DR-mediated longevity by relaying olfactory information about food abundance from the brain to the gut. The authors found that the olfactory perception of food abundance can regulate the impact of dietary restriction on longevity in Caenorhabditiselegans. They show that food odors act on olfactory circuitry that signals the gut via octopamine to suppress dietary restriction-induced longevity.


Xs: 5.7398067 Ys: -1.66185 Publish year: 2003 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: The Chironomus tentans translation initiation factor eIF4H is present in the nucleus but does not bind to mRNA until the mRNA reaches the cytoplasmic perinuclear region abstract: In the cell nucleus, precursors to mRNA, pre-mRNAs, associate with a large number of proteins and are processed to mRNA-protein complexes, mRNPs. The mRNPs are then exported to the cytoplasm and the mRNAs are translated into proteins. The mRNAs containing in-frame premature stop codons are recognized and degraded in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay process. This mRNA surveillence may also occur in the nucleus and presumably involves components of the translation machinery. Several translation factors have been detected in the nucleus, but their functional relationship to the dynamic protein composition of pre-mRNPs and mRNPs in the nucleus is still unclear.
Here, we have identified and characterized the translation initiation factor eIF4H in the dipteran Chironomus tentans. In the cytoplasm, Ct-eIF4H is associated with poly(A+) RNA in polysomes. We show that a minor fraction of Ct-eIF4H enters the nucleus. This fraction is independent on the level of transcription. CteIF4H could not be detected in gene-specific pre-mRNPs or mRNPs, nor in bulk mRNPs in the nucleus. Our immunoelectron microscopy data suggest that Ct-eIF4H associates with mRNP in the cytoplasmic perinuclear region, immediately as the mRNP exits from the nuclear pore complex.


Xs: 5.8899727 Ys: -1.479844 Publish year: 2019 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Interactions Between Mitochondrial Haplotype and Dietary Macronutrient Ratios Confer Sex-Specific Effects on Longevity in Drosophila melanogaster abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated that modifications to the ratio of dietary macronutrients affect longevity in a diverse range of species. However, the degree to which levels of natural genotypic variation shape these dietary effects on longevity remains unclear. The mitochondria have long been linked to the ageing process. The mitochondria possess their own genome, and previous studies have shown that mitochondrial genetic variation affects longevity in insects. Furthermore, the mitochondria are the sites in which dietary nutrients are oxidized to produce adenosine triphosphate, suggesting a capacity for dietary quality to mediate the link between mitochondrial genotype and longevity. Here, we measured longevity of male and female fruit flies, across a panel of genetic strains of Drosophila melanogaster, which vary only in their mitochondrial haplotype, when fed one of two isocaloric diets that differed in their protein-to-carbohydrate ratio. The mitochondrial haplotype affected the longevity of flies, but the pattern of these effects differed across the two diets in males, but not in females. We discuss the implications of these results in relation to an evolutionary theory linking maternal inheritance of mitochondria to the accumulation of male-harming mitochondrial mutations, and to the theory exploring the evolution of phenotypic plasticity to novel environments.


Xs: 4.480851 Ys: -1.1103139 Publish year: 2016 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Beyond Calories: An Integrated Approach to Promote Health, Longevity, and Well-Being abstract: In 1948, the World Health Organization defined health as 'a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity'. Detractors claim that this definition of health is utopian and unrealistic. However, accumulating evidence from experimental studies suggests that aging is not inevitably linked with the development of chronic diseases, and the age-associated accumulation of molecular damage can be prevented or greatly delayed by dietary and genetic manipulations that downregulate key cellular nutrient-sensing pathways. Nonetheless, to obtain a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, we as human beings need to go beyond nutrition or pharmacological treatments and implement a combination of interventions that enhance not only our metabolic health but also our psychological, emotional, intellectual and spiritual development, our social relationships and cultural well-being. This perspective highlights a range of scientific research-based interventions that can potentially be used to promote human health and longevity. We will also briefly address the importance of environmental health in achieving this goal.


Xs: 6.414297 Ys: -1.0910882 Publish year: 2022 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Dietary sugars and amino acids increase longevity and enhance reproductive parameters of Bracon cephi and B. lissogaster , two parasitoids that specialise on wheat stem sawfly abstract: The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is a major pest of wheat grown on the Northern Great Plains and Canadian Prairies of North America, causing economic losses of as much as $350 million annually. Two species that parasitize wheat stem sawfly larvae in wheat stems are Bracon cephi (Gahan) and B. lissogaster Muesebeck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Carbohydrate‐rich diets increase adult parasitoid longevity and reproductive parameters, enhancing their success as natural enemies. In previous studies, these species had increased longevity, egg load, and volume when fed sucrose solutions, encouraging further research on their nutritional needs. Therefore, we conducted experiments with artificial diets using adult females fed sucrose, glucose, and fructose solutions. Females were also fed these sugars in combination with a mixture of amino acids. We assessed individuals daily for longevity. Both species benefited from diets containing carbohydrates, with an increase in longevity from an average of 9 to 51 days for B. cephi , and from 6 to 34 days for B. lissogaster . Additional experiments assessed egg load and volume after 2, 5, and 10 days of cumulative feeding in B. cephi. These females produced 1.4‐fold more eggs when fed amino acids, 2.5‐fold more with sugar, and 2.7‐fold more when fed sugar with amino acids. They had a 1.3‐fold increase in egg volume when fed amino acids, 1.9‐fold with sugar, and 2.1‐fold when fed sugar with amino acids. Our study reveals the nutritional requirements of these braconid parasitoids and the benefits of nutritional sources when implementing conservation biological control strategies.


Xs: 6.127541 Ys: -1.0632907 Publish year: 2020 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Adding Amino Acids to a Sucrose Diet Is Not Sufficient to Support Longevity of Adult Bumble Bees abstract: Dietary macro-nutrients (i.e., carbohydrates, protein, and fat) are important for bee larval development and, thus, colony health and fitness. To which extent different diets (varying in macro-nutrient composition) affect adult bees and whether they can thrive on nectar as the sole amino acid source has, however, been little investigated. We investigated how diets varying in protein concentration and overall nutrient composition affected consumption, longevity, and breeding behavior of the buff-tailed bumble bee, Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Queenless micro-colonies were fed either natural nutrient sources (pollen), nearly pure protein (i.e., the milk protein casein), or sucrose solutions with low and with high essential amino acid content in concentrations as can be found in nectar. We observed micro-colonies for 110 days. We found that longevity was highest for pure pollen and lowest for pure sucrose solution and sucrose solution supplemented with amino acids in concentrations as found in the nectar of several plant species. Adding higher concentrations of amino acids to sucrose solution did only slightly increase longevity compared to sucrose alone. Consequently, sucrose solution with the applied concentrations and proportions of amino acids or other protein sources (e.g., casein) alone did not meet the nutritional needs of healthy adult bumble bees. In fact, longevity was highest and reproduction only successful in micro-colonies fed pollen. These results indicate that, in addition to carbohydrates and protein, adult bumble bees, like larvae, need further nutrients (e.g., lipids and micro-nutrients) for their well-being. An appropriate nutritional composition seemed to be best provided by floral pollen, suggesting that pollen is an essential dietary component not only for larvae but also for adult bees.


Xs: 5.732428 Ys: -1.5302945 Publish year: 2022 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Gender-Specific Effects of Pro-longevity Interventions in Drosophila abstract: Sex differences in lifespan are well recognized in the majority of animal species. For example, in male versus female Drosophila melanogaster there are significant differences in behavior and physiology. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of gender differences in responses to pro-longevity interventions in this model organism. Here we summarize the existing data on the effects of nutritional and pharmacological anti-aging interventions such as nutrition regimens, diet and dietary supplementation on the lifespan of male and female Drosophila. We demonstrate that males and females have different sensitivities to interventions and that the effects are highly dependent on genetic background, mating, dose and exposure duration. Our work highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms that underlie the gender-specific effect of anti-aging manipulations. This will provide insight into how these benefits may be valuable for elucidating the primary physiological and molecular targets involved in aging and lifespan determination.


Xs: 4.2212825 Ys: -1.223765 Publish year: 2022 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Aerobic Exercise with Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet Promotes Brain Cells’ Longevity despite Sex Hormone Deficiency in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial abstract: Objective:
To investigate the combined impact of aerobic exercise and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet on brain cells longevity in spite of sex hormones deficiency in obese postmenopausal women.

Design:
A parallel randomized clinical trial. Subjects/Patients. Sixty-eight eligible postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to one of two groups, one experimental and one control. The participants' age ranged from 60 to 75 years, and their body mass index ranged from 30 to 39.9 kg/m2.

Methods:
An experimental group whose members followed moderate-intensity treadmill exercise three times/week for three months with MIND diet and a control group whose members followed the MIND diet only. In addition to serum sex hormones, pre- and post-12-week assessments were performed to measure serum sex hormones as well as cognitive and functional levels.

Results:
The experimental group showed after intervention highly significant changes (p < 0.01) in sex hormones, cognitive functions, and functional levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, no correlation was found between the measured variables in both groups after intervention (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Aerobic exercise combined with the MIND diet improves cognitive and functional levels and substitutes sex hormones deficiency in postmenopausal women, which affects the longevity of brain health.


Xs: 5.149876 Ys: -1.0150572 Publish year: 2014 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Effect of Antioxidants Supplementation on Aging and Longevity abstract: If aging is due to or contributed by free radical reactions, as postulated by the free radical theory of aging, lifespan of organisms should be extended by administration of exogenous antioxidants. This paper reviews data on model organisms concerning the effects of exogenous antioxidants (antioxidant vitamins, lipoic acid, coenzyme Q, melatonin, resveratrol, curcumin, other polyphenols, and synthetic antioxidants including antioxidant nanoparticles) on the lifespan of model organisms. Mechanisms of effects of antioxidants, often due to indirect antioxidant action or to action not related to the antioxidant properties of the compounds administered, are discussed. The legitimacy of antioxidant supplementation in human is considered.


Xs: 6.2248325 Ys: -1.1665388 Publish year: 2004 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Dietary glycerol and adult access to water: effects on fecundity and longevity in the Almond moth abstract: The quality of food eaten by larval insects will affect traits such as gamete production, fat reserves, muscle bulk and body size in the adult. Moreover, larvae also depend on high moisture content in the diet for survival. The almond moth (Ephestia cautella) (W.) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) does not feed as an adult although it continues to drink water. We tested the idea that an almond moth could compensate for a low-water diet as a larva by increasing its water intake as an adult. We reared larvae on two different food sources with different moisture regimes; standard laboratory diet with glycerol (relatively wet) and standard diet without glycerol (relatively dry). Half the adult moths from each treatment were given water to drink before their first and only mating. Our results show that wet larval diets (i.e. containing glycerol) significantly decreased fecundity (total number of eggs laid and the proportion of hatched larvae), whilst it significantly increased male and female longevity. The interaction effect of water access for adult males and females was significant, independent of the glycerol in the larval diet. Longevity in females that were not presented with water as adults was slightly higher if mated with a male that had had access to water, suggesting a mating donation of water. However, females that received water as adults showed a decreased longevity if mated with a male who had also had access to water as an adult, indicating a negative effect of water if received by both males and females.


Xs: 5.126834 Ys: -1.8035647 Publish year: 2005 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Estrogen, Insulin, and Dietary Signals Cooperatively Regulate Longevity Signals to Enhance Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Mice abstract: To investigate the biological significance of a longevity mutation found in daf-2 of Caenorhabditis elegans, we generated a homologous murine model by replacing Pro-1195 of insulin receptors with Leu using a targeted knock-in strategy. Homozygous mice died in the neonatal stage from diabetic ketoacidosis, whereas heterozygous mice showed the suppressed kinase activity of the insulin receptor but grew normally without spontaneously developing diabetes during adulthood. We examined heterozygous insulin receptor mutant mice for longevity phenotypes. Under 80% oxygen, mutant female mice survived 33.3% longer than wild-type female mice, whereas mutant male mice survived 18.2% longer than wild-type male mice. These results suggested that mutant mice acquired more resistance to oxidative stress, but the benefit of the longevity mutation was more pronounced in females than males. Manganese superoxide dismutase activity in mutant mice was significantly upregulated, suggesting that the suppressed insulin signaling leads to an enhanced antioxidant defense. To analyze the molecular basis of the gender difference, we administered estrogen to mutant mice. It was found that the survival of mice under 80% oxygen was extended when they were administered estradiol. In contrast, mutant and wild-type female mice showed shortened survivals when their ovaries were removed. The influence of estrogen is remarkable in mutant mice compared with wild-type mice, suggesting that estrogen modulates insulin signaling in mutant mice. Furthermore, we showed additional extension of survival under oxidative conditions when their diet was restricted. Collectively, we show that three distinct signals; insulin, estrogen, and dietary signals work in independent and cooperative ways to enhance the resistance to oxidative stress in mice.


Xs: 6.308954 Ys: -1.098095 Publish year: 2023 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Maize pollen diet enhances malaria mosquito longevity and infectivity to Plasmodium parasites in Ethiopia abstract: Although larval diet quality may affect adult mosquito fitness, its impact on parasite development is scarce. Plant pollen from Zea mays, Typha latifolia, and Prosopis juliflora was ultraviolet-sterilized and examined for effects on larval development, pupation rate, adult mosquito longevity, survival and infectivity. The control larvae were fed Tetramin fish food as a comparator food. Four treatment and two control groups were used for each pollen diet, and each experimental tray had 25 larvae. Female An. arabiensis were starved overnight and exposed to infectious blood using a membrane-feeding system. The Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank test were used for analysis. The Z. mays pollen diet increased malaria mosquito survival and pupation rate (91.3%) and adult emergence (85%). Zea mays and Tetramin fish food had comparable adulthood development times. Adults who emerged from larvae fed Z. mays pollen had the longest average wing length (3.72 mm) and were more permissive to P. vivax (45%) and P. falciparum (27.5%). They also survived longer after feeding on infectious blood and had the highest number of P. vivax oocysts. Zea mays pollen improved larval development, adult mosquito longevity, survival and infectivity to Plasmodium. Our findings suggest that malaria transmission in Z. mays growing villages should be monitored.


Xs: 4.8081913 Ys: -0.9438909 Publish year: 2021 keyword: longevity_diet source: Global title: Effects of chronic dietary nitrate supplementation on longevity, vascular function and cancer incidence in rats abstract: Rationale
Dietary nitrate and nitrite have a notoriously bad reputation because of their proposed association with disease, in particular cancer. However, more recent lines of research have challenged this dogma suggesting that intake of these anions also possess beneficial effects after in vivo conversion to the vital signaling molecule nitric oxide. Such effects include improvement in cardiovascular, renal and metabolic function, which is partly mediated via reduction of oxidative stress. A recent study even indicates that low dose of dietary nitrite extends life span in fruit flies.

Methods
In this study, 200 middle-aged Wistar rats of both sexes were supplemented with nitrate or placebo in the drinking water throughout their remaining life and we studied longevity, biochemical markers of disease, vascular reactivity along with careful determination of the cause of death.

Results
Dietary nitrate did not affect life span or the age-dependent changes in markers of oxidative stress, kidney and liver function, or lipid profile. Ex vivo examination of vascular function, however, showed improvements in endothelial function in rats treated with nitrate. Neoplasms were not more common in the nitrate group.

Conclusion
We conclude that chronic treatment with dietary nitrate does not affect life span in rats nor does it increase the incidence of cancer. In contrast, vascular function was improved by nitrate, possibly suggesting an increase in health span.


Xs: 3.9245338 Ys: 5.4241223 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Phytonutrients in Red Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, L.) and Feed Ratios Enhanced Rumen Fermentation Dynamics, Suppress Protozoal Population, and Methane Production abstract: The search for alternative modifiers of rumen fermentation to improve the production efficiency of livestock production is highly essential. This in vitro fermentation experiment was conducted using a factorial arrangement of two ratios of roughage to concentrate and seven levels of red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) leaf powder (RALP) as a percentage of total substrate in a completely randomized design (CRD). There were two factors: factor A was two ratios of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) at 60:40 and 40:60 and factor B was levels of RALP supplementation at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12% dry matter (DM) of total dietary substrate. The results revealed that a R:C ratio at 40:60 increased rumen fermentation and reduced methane production (p < 0.05). The RALP incorporation as a feed additive was highly promising in enhancing propionate (C3) concentration, reducing acetate (C2) to (C3) ratio, and the protozoal population, while mitigating methane (CH4) production. Furthermore, DM degradation percentages were remarkably enhanced by increasing the RALP levels and R:C ratio at 40:60. In conclusion, plants rich in phytonutrients and minerals such as RALP and the lower R:C ratio showed a promising role in modulating rumen fermentation, mitigating methane production, as well as increasing substrate DM degradability.


Xs: 5.355446 Ys: 1.8946617 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Vegetable, fruit, and phytonutrient consumption patterns in Taiwan abstract: Phytonutrients may play important roles in human health and yet only recently a few studies have described phytonutrient consumption patterns, using data obtained from daily consumption methods. We aimed to estimate the phytonutrient content in Taiwanese diets and analyzed main food sources of 10 major phytonutrients. In this study, food items and dietary data gathered with the 24-hour dietary recall from 2908 participants in the 2005–2008 Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan were used to create a food phytonutrient database with 933 plant-based foods through integrating database, literature search, and chemical analysis and to appraise phytonutrient consumption status of participants. SUDAAN was used for generating weighted phytonutrient intake estimates and for statistical testing. In Taiwanese adults, ∼20% met the recommended number of servings for fruits and 30% met that for vegetables from the Taiwan Food-Guide recommendations. However, only 7.4% consumed the recommended numbers for both fruits and vegetables. Those meeting the recommendations tended to be older and with more females compared with those who did not. Phytonutrient intake levels were higher in meeters than nonmeeters. More than 60% of α-carotene, lycopene, hesperetin, epigallocatechin 3-gallate, and isoflavones came from a single phytonutrient-specific food source. In addition, sweet potato leaf, spinach, and water spinach were among the top three sources of multiple phytonutrients. Cross-comparison between this study and two previous studies with similar methodology showed higher mean levels of lycopene and quercetin in the United States, anthrocyanidin in Korea, and lutein and zeaxanthin in Taiwan. The Taiwanese phytonutrient pattern is different from that of the Korean and American. It would be interesting to relate phytonutrient patterns to health profiles in the future.


Xs: 3.9690056 Ys: 5.3783937 Publish year: 2019 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Effects of Phytonutrients on Ruminal Fermentation, Digestibility, and Microorganisms in Swamp Buffaloes abstract: This experiment aimed to use dietary sources containing phytonutrients (PTN) such as mangosteen peel powder (MSP) and banana flower powder (BFP) as sources of phytonutrients. Four swamp buffalo bulls fitted with rumen fistulae were used as experimental animals. A digestion trial covering four periods was used according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four treatments: Treatment 1 (T1) = control (Cont), T2 = supplementation of PTN1 fed at 100 g/d, T3 = supplementation of PTN2 fed at 100 g/d, and T4 = supplementation of PTN3 fed at 100 g/d. The experiment was conducted for four periods; each period lasted for 21 days. All animals were fed a concentrate mixture at 0.5% body weight, while rice straw, water, and mineral blocks were fed ad libitum. The findings revealed significant increases in the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), while no changes in dry matter feed consumption occurred due to PTN supplementation. Rumen fermentation end-products, such as total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), propionic acid (C3), and butyric acid (C4), were notably enhanced (p < 0.05) and there were the highest in PTN2 and PTN3, whilst acetic acid (C2) was significantly decreased with PTN supplementation groups. Furthermore, the rumen protozoal population was suppressed (p < 0.05), which resulted in decreased rumen methane production (p < 0.05), while the bacterial population was enhanced. Using PTN sources can improve rumen fermentation as well as mitigating rumen methane production.


Xs: 3.928869 Ys: 5.2070565 Publish year: 2024 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: An overview of alternative protein sources for ruminants in the tropical area abstract: Investigating alternative protein sources for ruminants in tropical regions is crucial due to distinct climatic conditions and limited resources. Scientists, acknowledging the challenges, are exploring locally accessible alternatives to develop cost-effective and sustainable protein supplements for ruminant nutrition, emphasizing the importance of understanding the nutritional composition for advancing livestock husbandry sustainability. The aim of this research is to elucidate alternative local protein sources for ruminants in tropical areas and assess their effectiveness in promoting sustainable production and enhancing ruminant nutrition. Protein feed sources are essential for providing amino acids to animals and producing animal products such as meat, milk, and wool. Inadequate protein in animal feed may have a detrimental impact on rumen fermentation and animal output. Therefore, alternative protein sources have received increased attention in order to replace the main protein source. The alternative protein sources in this review were divided into five categories: agricultural biomass, fodder shrubs, biological protein and plant weeds, insect protein and agro-industry biomass. Furthermore, plant secondary compounds found in alternative protein sources might be used to modulate rumen fermentation and improve animal performance. By focusing on regional sources of protein, feed costs are reduced while availability is raised. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that there are a number of alternative protein sources that might be used in place of primary protein sources and that they could support ruminant production in the face of several animal feed crises. However, the potential use of any protein source should be assessed in light of the country’s availability and animal production practices.


Xs: 4.002695 Ys: 5.476171 Publish year: 2024 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Combination effects of phytonutrient pellet and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) powder on rumen fermentation efficiency and nutrient degradability using in vitro technique abstract: Phytonutrients (PTN) namely saponins (SP) and condensed tannins (CT) have been demonstrated to assess the effect of rumen fermentation and methane mitigation. Phytonutrient pellet containing mangosteen, rambutan, and banana flower (MARABAC) and lemongrass including PTN, hence these plant-phytonutrients supplementation could be an alternative plant with a positive effect on rumen fermentation. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of MARABAC and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) powder on in vitro fermentation modulation and the ability to mitigate methane production. The treatments were arranged according to a 3 × 3 Factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. The two experimental factors consisted of MARABAC pellet levels (0%, 1%, and 2% of the total substrate) and lemongrass supplementation levels (0%, 1%, and 2% of the total substrate). The results of this study revealed that supplementation with MARABAC pellet and lemongrass powder significantly improved gas production kinetics (P < 0.01) and rumen fermentation end-products especially the propionate production (P < 0.01). While rumen methane production was subsequently reduced by both factors. Additionally, the in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) and organic matter degradability (IVOMD) were greatly improved (P < 0.05) by the respective treatments. MARABAC pellet and lemongrass powder combination showed effective methane mitigation by enhancing rumen fermentation end-products especially the propionate concentration and both the IVDMD and IVOMD, while mitigated methane production. The combined level of both sources at 2% MARABAC pellet and 2% lemongrass powder of total substrates offered the best results. Therefore, MARABAC pellet and lemongrass powder supplementation could be used as an alternative source of phytonutrient in dietary ruminant.


Xs: 3.9540262 Ys: 5.3756046 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Supplementation of fruit peel pellet containing phytonutrients to manipulate rumen pH, fermentation efficiency, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis abstract: Background
Phytonutrient pellet, a new rumen enhancer was formulated from various tropical fruit peels containing phytonutrients (condensed tannins and saponins), MARABAC. To substantiate MARABAC (M) supplementation effect, it was supplemented with low and high levels of concentrate supplementation in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement using beef cattle. Based on this investigation, the interesting findings were highlighted and reported herein.

Results
The high level of concentrate supplementation (HCS) reduced the rumen pH remarkably, but was buffered and lifted up by the M supplementation. Rumen pH was reduced to 5.74 at 8 h, post‐feeding upon receiving HCS and was buffered back to 6.19 with the M supplementation. The M supplementation exhibited additional‐pronounced (P < 0.01) effect on improving nutrients digestibility and efficiency of microbial nitrogen supply (EMNS), mitigating of rumen methane production and reducing protozoal population. The rumen and fermentation end‐products especially propionate production were enhanced (P < 0.05), whilst the rumen methane production was subsequently mitigated (P < 0.01).

Conclusion
The MARABAC is a new promising dietary rumen enhancer for future replacement of chemicals and antibiotics used to enhance the rumen fermentation. Nevertheless, more in vivo feeding trials should be further conducted to elucidate the insight impacts.
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Xs: 6.3394494 Ys: 2.4721575 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Mineral Composition in Thai-Variety Amaranths abstract: Amaranth is one of the high nutrient vegetables with high proteins, vitamins, and mineral contents. However, the accumulated pigments and nutrients may change by plant growth stages. Therefore, this study explored the phytonutrients and mineral composition in three amaranth varieties with five harvesting stages. The results revealed that plant pigments were highest accumulated at the reproductive stage with anthocyanin and β-carotene contents of 0.82 and 141.21 mg/g fresh weight (FW), respectively. Contrastingly, vitamin C contents were highest at the marketing stage (1,904 mg/g FW). Accumulations of Ca and K increased over cultivation time, whereas Zn contents were higher at the younger stages. However, Fe contents were not different by growth stages or varieties. From all measurements, only β-carotene and vitamin C accumulations were different among plant varieties. Compared to the WHO food recommendations, amaranths are excellent sources of β-carotene, antioxidants, calcium, potassium, and iron. Additionally, the associations among traits were evaluated and found that most traits were positively correlated with the growth stage, whereas zinc contents were strongly negatively correlated. These results provide a clear picture of amaranth’s nutrition for consumers and suggest the appropriate harvesting time for specific nutritional benefits as well as promoting the consumption of these vegetables.


Xs: 4.043591 Ys: 5.4852333 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Enhancing Rumen Fermentation Characteristic and Methane Mitigation Using Phytonutrient Pellet in Beef Cattle abstract: The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects of chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruit peel pellet (CRP) supplementation on rumen fermentation, feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance in crossbred beef cattle. Four beef cattle crossbred bulls (Brahman 75% × Thai native 25%), with 250 ± 15 kg of liveweight at 18 months old, were randomly selected to receive four dietary treatment groups: no supplementation (control) and the supplementation of CRP at 2, 4 and 6% of dry matter intake (DMI) by using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The cattle were fed a concentrate at 2 kg/day, and rice straw was offered ad libitum. The results showed that rumen pH at 4 h and average post-feeding values were in the normal range, though they were slightly reduced with CRP supplementation at 4 and 6% DMI (p < 0.05). Rumen temperature, ammonia nitrogen level, and total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate (C2), and butyrate (C4) production were similar among treatments. Nevertheless, propionate (C3) concentration was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the CRP groups at 2 and 4% DMI. In addition, the C2/C3 ratio and CH4 production were significantly reduced in the CRP groups, especially at 2 and 4% DMI. Rice straw intake and total feed intake in terms of %BW were significantly higher in the groups with CRP at 2 and 4% DMI (p < 0.05). The apparent nutrient digestibilities were not affected by the treatments. Nitrogen intake, nitrogen absorption, and nitrogen retention were significantly enhanced by the CRP supplementation (p < 0.05). Moreover, feces and total nitrogen excretion were not different among treatments (p > 0.05). Ultimately, the supplementation of CRP at 2 and 4% DMI significantly improved the C3 concentration, reduced the C2/C3 ratio, mitigated methane production, and enhanced feed intake and nitrogen utilization efficiency. Therefore, CRP supplementation shows promise as a rumen dietary enhancer.


Xs: 3.9422975 Ys: 5.356407 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Phytonutrient pellet supplementation enhanced rumen fermentation efficiency and milk production of lactating Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows abstract: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of inclusion of dragon fruit peel pellet (DFPP) and dietary non-protein nitrogen (NPN) on nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation efficiency, plasma antioxidant activity, microbial protein synthesis, milk yield and composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows. Four animals were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in 4 × 4 Latin square design. The treatments were: 300 g DM of DFPP + 100 g of urea (T1), 300 g DM of DFPP + 200 g of urea (T2), 400 g DM of DFPP + 100 g of urea (T3), and 400 g DM of DFPP + 200 g of urea (T4), respectively. The results showed that intake of rice straw was increased (P < 0.01) by the DFPP addition. Including DFPP and urea did not affect (P > 0.05) the NDF and ADF digestibilities, but increased the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (P < 0.01). Rumen fermentation process, especially the propionate concentration, was significantly increased by the DFPP levels. The plasma antioxidant activity was increased (P > 0.05) with the addition of DFPP. The DFPP improved (P < 0.01) microbial protein synthesis. The supplementation of DFPP and urea increased (P < 0.05) milk fat, whereas milk yield and 3.5% fat corrected milk were only increased (P < 0.05) by the DFPP supplementation. Based on these results, addition of DFPP at 400 g/animal per day with urea at 100 g/animal per day improved rumen fermentation, plasma antioxidant activity, milk yield and milk fat percentage.


Xs: 7.159963 Ys: 2.637065 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Application to Investigate of Phytonutrient Different Parts of Lotus abstract: Phytonutrients, also called phytochemicals, are chemicals produced by plants. Foods and vegetables with phytonutrients have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. The aim of this study was to analyzed 4 parts of 3 lotuses phytochemical constituents by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Our results showed that different parts of lotus had a different chemical compound. The major chemical constituents in each extract are 6-Methoxy-2-[p-tolyl]cinchoninic acid (23.92%), Stigmastan-3, 5-diene (6.17%), 5(1H)-Azulenone, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 8a-hexahydro-3, 8-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-, (8S-cis)- (24.44%), 2-Cyclohexane-1-carboxaldehyde, 2, 6-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentennyl (18.15%), Stigmastan-3, 5-diene (24.04%), 2(1H)Naphthalenone, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a-hexanhydro-4, 8a-dimethyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-(6.49%), 2-[p-Methoxyphenyl]-8-methylcinchoninic acid (12.98%), Ergosta-4, 6, 22-trien-3, beta, -ol (13.57%), and Stigmastan-3, 5-diene (26.05%). Therefore, Phytonutrients could also provide significant benefits for human’s health that eat plant foods.


Xs: 6.5402145 Ys: 2.152391 Publish year: 2019 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Nutritional and bioactive characterization of unexplored food rich in phytonutrients abstract: Phytonutrients refer to nutrients in plants, or phytochemicals, that have potentially positive health benefits that are useful for maintaining well-being and the normal functions of the body, and increasing life expectancy. They have also been proven to contribute to the prevention or treatment of diseases. Different unexplored plant species can provide further sources of nutrients, as well as bioactive phytochemicals with various health benefits. Bringing these edible plants into local food systems might help to reduce malnutrition, especially in indigenous communities with underprivileged population groups. Many underutilized and unexplored plants provide the potential to variegate the human diet; so introducing these neglected herbs would increase the consumption of nutrient-rich food plants. In addition, application of multidisciplinary research and modern techniques would provide nutritional or anti-nutritional information about these underutilized plant resources, and could stand as a platform for future use of unique botanicals/phytochemicals for the next generation of functional foods, foods with fewer anti-nutrients or toxicological factors, nutraceuticals, and biofortified foods. The collaboration of relevant international/national organizations and associations, with academic groups and industrial organizations, could accelerate the addition of underutilized plant species into consumers’ diets.


Xs: 3.9381714 Ys: 5.402287 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Digestibility, Blood Parameters, Rumen Fermentation, Hematology, and Nitrogen Balance of Goats after Receiving Supplemental Coffee Cherry Pulp as a Source of Phytochemical Nutrients abstract: This research examines the impact of adding dried coffee cherry pulp (CoCP) to goat feed on the digestibility of the feed, rumen fermentation, hematological, and nitrogen balance. A goat feeding experiment employed four male crossbreds (Thai Native × Anglo Nubian) aged 12 months and weighing 21.0 ± 0.2 kg each. The treatment was conceived as a 4 × 4 Latin square with four specific CoCP levels at 0, 100, 200, and 300 g/day. Dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), and crude protein intake (CPI) were unaffected by the addition of CoCP. However, across treatment groups, there was a linear increase in ether extract intake (EEI) (p < 0.01), neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI) (p = 0.06), and acid detergent fiber intake (ADFI) (p = 0.04), as well as a quadratic effect on DMI% BW (p = 0.04). The findings showed that rumen temperature, pH, ammonia-nitrogen, or pack cell volume did not change with CoCP supplementation. Total volatile fatty acid showed linear effects on acetate (p = 0.03) and was quadratically affected by propionate concentration (p = 0.02), acetate to propionate ratio (p = 0.01), acetic plus butyric to propionic acid ratio (p = 0.01), and methane estimation (p = 0.01). With increased CoCP supplementation, there was a linear decrease in protozoa count by about 20.2% as the amount of CoCP supplemented increased (p = 0.06). CoCP supplementation in animal feed resulted in a linear decrease in urinary nitrogen (p = 0.02) and a quadratic effect on absorbed nitrogen (p = 0.08) among treatment groups, with greater N utilization values found in goats fed 200 g/d CoCP. In light of this, supplementing CoCP into animal feed may improve animal digestion and rumen fermentation effectiveness while having no effect on feed intake, rumen microbes, or blood metabolites.


Xs: 6.261885 Ys: 2.3196006 Publish year: 2019 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Germination: an alternative source to promote phytonutrients in edible seeds abstract: Consumption of less phytonutrient foods has shown to cause different chronic diseases, despite over 50,000 edible plant breed available in various countries around the globe. These edible plants consist of seeds that can be consumed which possessed high health benefits. Moreover, nutritive values such as phytochemicals of edible seeds increased after germination. Therefore, germination has been reported to enhance various bioactive compounds such as γ-amino butyric acid, polyphenols, and vitamins which lead to greater bioactivity such as anti-diabetic, anti-bacteria, and anti-cancer effects when these seeds are consumed. Consequently, germination can be regarded as a cheap and effective way to enhance the nutritional value of edible seeds.


Xs: 7.1099067 Ys: 2.4003422 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Nutrients, Phytochemicals and In Vitro Disease Prevention of Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz Fruit abstract: Nephelium hypoleucum Kurz is an evergreen tree in the Sapindaceae family, mostly found in the forests of some Southeast Asia countries, especially Thailand. The lack of biological information regarding this tree has led to inappropriate agricultural management, conservation and utilization. Thus, this study aims to examine the nutritional composition, organic acid and phenolic profiles and in vitro health properties through several key enzyme inhibitions against some civilization diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (β-secretase (BACE-1), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)), obesity (lipase), hypertension (angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)) and diabetes (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), α-amylase and α-glucosidase) on the aril (flesh) part of N. hypoleucum Kurz fruit. The remaining fruit parts including the pericarp (peel) and seed were also assessed as sources of potential phenolics as well as key enzyme inhibitors. As results, carbohydrate (17.18 g) was found to be a major source of energy (74.80 kcal) in the aril (100 g fresh weight), with trace amounts of protein (0.78 g) and fat (0.32 g). The fruit aril also contained high insoluble dietary fiber (5.02 g) and vitamin C (11.56 mg), while potassium (215.82 mg) was detected as the major mineral. Organic acid profile indicated that the aril was rich in citric acid, while the phenolic profile suggested predominant quercetin and kaempferol. Interestingly, high gallic acid contents were detected in both pericarp and seed, with the latter 3.2-fold higher than the former. The seed also possessed the highest total phenolic content (TPC, 149.45 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight), while total anthocyanin content (TAC, 0.21 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside equivalent/g dry weight) was only detected in pericarp. High TPC also led to high enzyme inhibitory activities in seed including BACE-1, AChE, BChE, ACE, DPP-IV and α-glucosidase. Interestingly, aril with the highest α-amylase inhibition suggested strong inhibitory distribution, predominantly from quercetin and kaempferol. Lipase inhibitory activities were only detected in the aril and pericarp, suggesting the biological function of these two phenolics and possibly anthocyanins.


Xs: 4.020177 Ys: 5.462005 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Influence of bamboo grass ( Tiliacora triandra , Diels) pellet supplementation on in vitro fermentation and methane mitigation abstract: Background:
The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of bamboo grass (Tiliacora triandra, Diels) pellet (BP) containing phytonutrients on rumen fermentation under various level of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) ratios. The experimental treatments were randomly assigned following a Completely randomized design using a 3 × 5 factorial arrangement. The first factor was ratios of R: C at 100: 0, 70:30, and 30:70 and the second factor was BP supplementation levels at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of dry matter substrate, respectively.

Results:
The ratio of R:C significantly enhanced rumen gas production especially when increased level of concentrate. Moreover, dry matter degradability of fermentation were improved (P < 0.01) by R:C and level of BP supplementation, and there was an interactive effect. The NH3 -N concentration, protozoal population and methane (CH4 ) production were remarkably influenced (P < 0.01). There were highly significant interactive effects between ratio of R:C and level of BP supplementation. Furthermore, fermentation parameters especially those of propionate (C3 ) concentration was profoundly increased by higher ratio of R:C and by the BP supplementation, interactive effect (P < 0.01). Notably, both level of R:C and BP supplementation significantly reduced NH3 -N concentration and CH4 production. Interactive effects of both factors were obtained (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The ratio of R:C at 30:70 with BP supplementation at 4% could enhance fermentation characteristics and reduce methane production, while the interactive effects were additionally observed. The BP could be a good phytonutrient source to modulate rumen fermentation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Xs: 4.0645876 Ys: 5.3959193 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: The Effect of Phytonutrients in Terminalia chebula Retz. on Rumen Fermentation Efficiency, Nitrogen Utilization, and Protozoal Population in Goats abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Terminalia chebula meal (TCM) supplementation on digestibility, rumen fermentation, nitrogen utilization, and protozoal population in goats. Eight goats with an initial body weight (BW) of 13 ± 3.0 kg were randomly assigned according to a double 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive different levels of TCM supplementation at 0, 8, 16, and 24 g/kg of total dry matter (DM) intake, respectively. The goats were fed with concentrate diets at 13 g/kg BW, while rice straw was used as a roughage source, fed ad libitum. The results revealed that the feed intake and the apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar among the treatments (p > 0.05). However, crude protein (CP) digestibility decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when supplemented with TCM at 24 g/kg of total DM intake (p < 0.05). The addition of TCM did not change the ruminal pH and blood urea nitrogen concentrations (p > 0.05), whereas the concentration of NH3-N at 4 h post feeding was reduced with the inclusion of TCM at 16 and 24 g/kg of total DM intake. The total numbers of bacteria were enhanced by the addition of TCM, while the protozoal population, in both entodiniomorph and holotrich, was reduced (p < 0.05). The supplementation of TCM did not change the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetic acid, or butyric acid, while the propionic acid concentration at 4-h post feeding increased significantly, especially when supplemented at 16 g/kg of total DM intake (p < 0.05. In addition, urinary nitrogen (N) excretion decreased, while fecal N excretion, N absorption, N retention, and the proportion of N retention to N intake increased with the inclusion of TCM at all levels. In summary, the inclusion of TCM could improve rumen fermentation efficiency and N balance without having an adverse effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and rumen ecology; however, the protozoal population decreased. Therefore, this study suggests that TCM (16 g/kg of total DM intake) could be used as a plant source for rumen enhancement in goats fed a diet based on rice straw without having an adverse effect on feed intake or nutrient digestion. However, further studies on the production of types of meat and milk that have a long-term feeding trial should be carried out.


Xs: 4.075053 Ys: 5.341573 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Utilization of dragon fruit waste by-products and non-protein nitrogen source: Effects on in vitro rumen fermentation, nutrients degradability and methane production abstract: Tropical plant phytonutrients have impacts on rumen fermentation and methane production. Dragon fruit peel powder (DFPP) including condensed tannins (CT) and saponins (SP). The objective was to conduct the effects of phytonutrients and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source on in vitro rumen fermentation, nutrients degradability and methane production. The treatments were randomly assigned in a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement in a Completely randomized design. The three factors contains the R:C ratio (60:40 and 40:60), the doses of NPN addition (0, 1 and 2% of the total substrate) and the doses of DFPP addition (0, 2 and 4% of total substrate). The results indicated that the gas production rate constant for the insoluble fraction (c) was highly significant as the results of the R:C ratio, DFPP and NPN supplementation, whilst there was no difference obtained among treatments for cumulative gas production. Ammonia nitrogen concentration was influenced by the R:C ratio, NPN and DFPP addition both 4 and 8 h after incubation. In part of microbial population, protozoa was significantly reduced with DFPP addition. Importantly, the production of methane was remarkably affected by the R:C ratios and it was decreased due to increasing level of DFPP. Furthermore, in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD) was significantly improved by combination between R:C ratio and supplementation of DFPP at 12 h. In conclusion, addition of DFPP and NPN source could improve rumen fermentation, nutrients degradability and DFPP would be a potential dietary rumen enhancer.


Xs: 6.8392854 Ys: 3.207978 Publish year: 2015 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Mango peel: A potential source of natural bioactive phyto-nutrients in functional food abstract: Mango peel as waste is a potential source of natural bioactive photochemical such as polyphenols, carotenoids and dietary fiber. The present study is conducted with a view to exploit mango peel as source of natural bioactive valuable components. Proximate composition of mango peel powder consist of moisture 3.4, protein 3.8, fat 2.6, crude fiber 8.9, carbohydrates 87 per cent respectively, β- carotene 5.6 mg, ash 2.9 per cent, calcium 4.15, phosphorous 0.45, iron 4.62 and zinc 2.85 mg. The total dietary fiber recovery was 69.86, insoluble dietary fiber 44.23, soluble dietary fiber 24.63 and total crude polyphenols 4.5g per 100g of mango peel sample. The antioxidant activity was 76.96 Vitamin C Eq.mcg/100g. Further biscuits were developed by incorporating mango peel powder at different incorporation levels as diversified and value added food products to improve nutraceutical properties of foods.


Xs: 7.008791 Ys: 2.5402737 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Edible flowers, a source of valuable phytonutrients and their pro-healthy effects – A review abstract: Background
Edible flowers have been used for their therapeutic properties for ancient times. Many sources indicate, that edible flowers have many beneficial activities like anti-anxiety, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, diuretic, anthelmintic, immunomodulatory and anti-microbial. People use it also in culinary applications, because they improve the aesthetic value, taste, flavour and appearance of dishes.

Scope and Approach
This study expands knowledge on the content and composition of low molecular phytochemicals of edible flowers and the pro-healthy activities of their extracts or preparations. It is focused on showing flowers which are the best sources of individual compounds and on recent findings with the use of flower extracts or preparations in various cell-lines, animal and human models.
Key findings and Conclusion: Performed comparison of composition includes simple phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanols, flavons, anthocyanidins, carotenoids and tocols. Species with the highest content of selected compounds are highlighted. Unique components of some flowers such as crocin, nimbolide, oleanic and ursolic acids, and acteoside are also mentioned. The potential activity of edible flowers for human health was analysed based on in vitro models with the use of various cell-lines and in vivo models with animal (mostly mice and rat) and human trials. The majority of the reviewed studies confirm the pro-healthy activity of edible flowers or their extracts.


Xs: 6.797831 Ys: 2.479679 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Structures, Sources, Identification/Quantification Methods, Health Benefits, Bioaccessibility, and Products of Isorhamnetin Glycosides as Phytonutrients abstract: In recent years, people have tended to consume phytonutrients and nutrients in their daily diets. Isorhamnetin glycosides (IGs) are an essential class of flavonoids derived from dietary and medicinal plants such as Opuntia ficus-indica, Hippophae rhamnoides, and Ginkgo biloba. This review summarizes the structures, sources, quantitative and qualitative analysis technologies, health benefits, bioaccessibility, and marketed products of IGs. Routine and innovative assay methods, such as IR, TLC, NMR, UV, MS, HPLC, UPLC, and HSCCC, have been widely used for the characterization and quantification of IGs. All of the therapeutic effects of IGs discovered to date are collected and discussed in this study, with an emphasis on the relevant mechanisms of their health-promoting effects. IGs exhibit diverse biological activities against cancer, diabetes, hepatic diseases, obesity, and thrombosis. They exert therapeutic effects through multiple networks of underlying molecular signaling pathways. Owing to these benefits, IGs could be utilized to make foods and functional foods. IGs exhibit higher bioaccessibility and plasma concentrations and longer average residence time in blood than aglycones. Overall, IGs as phytonutrients are very promising and have excellent application potential.


Xs: 6.054419 Ys: 2.4567597 Publish year: 2013 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Genetic Regulation of Health Beneficial Phytonutrients in Fresh Produce abstract: Compelling evidence in literature supports the hypothesis that dietary phytonutrients, especially antioxidants, maintain human health and prevent chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular and age-related disorders, including dementia. Fresh fruits and vegetables are dietary sources of beneficial phytonutrients, and therefore, their consumption has increased in recent decades. However, health promoting phytonutrients in currently-used germplasm of fruits and vegetables are not at sufficient levels to achieve the threshold levels that could be beneficial. The tight, endogenous regulation of metabolic pathways for the biosynthesis of phytonutrients makes it difficult to increase their levels by conventional breeding in current fruit and vegetable germplasm. Molecular breeding and genetic engineering of crops have begun to provide novel methods to enhance levels of desirable phytonutrients by overcoming this regulation by introducing genes that are rate limiting for the production of the desirable phytonutrients. Our approach includes increasing the levels of various phytonutrients in fruits by identifying molecular regulators of biochemical pathways, and genetically engineering them to enhance metabolic activity of cells to increase the levels of desirable phytonutrients. In this chapter, we summarize various tools available to enhance levels of phytonutrients in fresh produce. A separate approach for modifying levels of phytonutrients is presented which involves engineering higher levels of biogenic amines that are molecular regulators of several cellular biochemical pathways. Along with engineering the levels of health-promoting carotenoid lycopene, we have demonstrated that spermidine and spermine also extend longevity of a ripe fruit and delay whole plant senescence. Higher endogenous levels of biogenic polyamines also activate a wide array of genes regulating transcription, translation, signal transduction, chaperone activity, stress proteins, amino acid biosynthesis, ethylene biosynthesis and action, isoprenoid pathway, and flavonoid biosynthesis. INTRODUCTION The human health paradigm has begun to shift towards prevention rather than medical intervention to ameliorate diseases and physiological disorders. The gradual loss in physiological vigor, causing impaired homeostasis, is responsible for aging and various age related diseases and disorders. Another factor linked to aging-associated enhanced susceptibility to disease is the loss of innate immunity to disease causing organisms. Physiological factors that exhibit changes during aging include cellular senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, altered inter-and intra-cellular communication, and inflammation. Genomic instability and telomere attrition have also been implicated in the mammalian aging process (López-Otín et al., 2013). Emerging evidence shows that phytonutrients, especially antioxidants, present in fruit and vegetables can alleviate some of the symptoms of disease and reduce incidence of diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis which lead to cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes and osteoporosis


Xs: 3.9994488 Ys: 5.3180795 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Bioconversion of agro-industrial residues as a protein source supplementation for multiparous Holstein Thai crossbreed cows abstract: The purpose of this field study was to compare the effects of top-dressing tropical lactating cows with soybean meal (SBM) or citric waste fermented yeast waste (CWYW) on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, purine derivatives, milk production, and economic return. Sixteen mid-lactation Thai crossbreeds, Holstein Friesian (16.7 ± 0.30 kg/day milk yield and 490 ± 40.0 kg of initial body weight) were randomly allocated to two treatments in a completed randomized design: SBM as control (n = 8) or CWYW (n = 8). The feeding trial lasted for 60 days plus 21 days for treatment adaptation. The results showed that total dry matter intake, nutrient intake, and digestibility did not (p>0.05) differ between SBM and CWYW top-dressing. Ruminal pH and the protozoal population did not (p>0.05) differ between SBM and CWYW top-dressing. After 4 hours of feeding, CWYW top-dressing showed greater ammonia nitrogen, plasma urea nitrogen, and bacterial population compared with the top-dressing of SBM. Volatile fatty acids and purine derivatives were not different (p>0.05) between SBM and CWYW top-dressing. For milk urea nitrogen, there was a greater (p<0.05) and somatic cell count was lower (p<0.05) for cows fed the CWYW top-dress compared to cows fed the SBM top-dress. The cost of the top-dress and total feed cost were less (p<0.05) for CWYW compared to SBM top-dressing, at 0.59 vs 1.16 US dollars/cow/day and 4.14 vs 4.75 US dollars/cow/day, respectively. In conclusion, CWYW could be used as an alternative protein source to SBM without having a negative impact on tropical lactating cows.


Xs: 8.305789 Ys: 3.8789265 Publish year: 2014 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Antiglycation capacity and antioxidant activities of different pigmented Thai rice abstract: This study investigated the antiglycation capacity and antioxidant activities of fifteen Thai rice varieties. Purple variety, Kum Rai showed the highest value of total phenolic content (245.06 +/- 7.87 mg GAE/gram extract dry weight), DPPH radical scavenging activity (92.33 +/- 0.49 mg Trolox/gram extract dry weight), ABTS radical scavenging activity (221.01 +/- 0.25 mg Trolox/gram extract dry weight) and percentage inhibition of AGEs formation (82.03 +/- 0.19%). We found that, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities (ABTS and DPPH assay) in rice varieties were highly correlated (P < 0.05) with their antiglycation capacity. These results indicated that the total phenolic content was responsible for antioxidant and antiglycation capacities of rice samples. This study is the first report on a correlation between anti-AGEs capacity and antioxidant activities of Thai rice varieties. Our data have provided useful information for selection of rice varieties for the bioactive compounds that may improve the health of the aged and diabetic complications.


Xs: 5.446194 Ys: 1.8449469 Publish year: 2014 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Global Assessment of select phytonutrient intakes by level of fruit and vegetable consumption abstract: Despite dietary recommendations that have repeatedly underscored the importance of increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables, intakes worldwide are lower than recommended levels. Consequently, the diets of many individuals may be lacking in nutrients and phytonutrients typical of a diet rich in a variety of fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we estimated phytonutrient intakes by adults categorised by sex, level of fruit and vegetable consumption (��<��5 v. �����5 servings/d), and geographic diet cluster. Intakes of nine select phytonutrients were estimated from the 2002���4 World Health Survey fruit and vegetable servings intake data (n 198��637), the FAO supply utilisation accounts data, and phytonutrient concentration data obtained from the US Department of Agriculture databases and the published literature. Percentage contributions to each phytonutrient intake from fruit and vegetable sources were also estimated. Estimated intakes of phytonutrients from fruits and vegetables varied across the thirteen geographic diet clusters, reflecting regional differences in both numbers and proportions of fruit and vegetable servings consumed, and the specific types of fruits and vegetables available in the diet. The mean phytonutrient intakes by adults consuming �����5 servings/d of fruits and vegetables were approximately 2- to 6-fold the mean phytonutrient intakes by adults with low fruit and vegetable consumption (��<��5 servings/d). In some cases, phytonutrient intakes by adults consuming �����5 servings/d of fruits and vegetables in one geographic diet cluster were lower than the intakes by adults reporting <��5 servings/d in another cluster. The findings from this assessment provide important information regarding the major dietary patterns of phytonutrient intakes across geographic diet clusters.


Xs: 5.067591 Ys: 1.1578498 Publish year: 2008 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Best practices for organic policy abstract: The goal of this report is to give guidance to the development of appropriate policies for the organic
sector. Its focus is mainly developing countries, particularly in East Africa, but much of it is also
applicable for developed countries. The report gives some general background about organic
agriculture and the reasons to support the development of organic agriculture. These are among
others:
• Protection of natural resources (e.g. water) and biodiversity;
• Improved quality of soils and thereby a long-term high productivity;
• Improved market access;
• Improved profitability in farming; and
• Improved health or reduced health risks for farmers, farm-workers and consumers.

The report relates experiences from the cases of seven countries: Chile, Costa Rica, Denmark, Egypt,
Malaysia, Thailand and South Africa, as well as from other parts of the world. It shows that organic
agriculture is developing strongly in all the seven countries, despite quite different conditions and
very different levels and kinds of government involvement. Most organic production is for export
purposes but countries like Egypt, Malaysia and South Africa have developed substantial domestic
markets. Malaysia is even a net importer of organic food.


Xs: 7.2461314 Ys: 3.9562144 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Recovery of palm phytonutrients as a potential market for the by-products generated by palm oil mills and refineries‒A review abstract: Palm oil has been used for centuries as a food source and medicine. The palm oil production chain generates large amounts of byproducts, which contain various residual oils. These residual oils can be used to develop new products because they contain high concentrations of vitamin E, carotenoids, and squalene, which are powerful antioxidants that have been shown to protect cell membranes against damage caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. This review provides an overview of the literature on the oil fractions recovered from the by-products generated by the palm oil production chain (OFRB), including the characteristics of the phytonutrients and their concentrations found in various studies. There is an increasing number of studies exploring the potential uses of the by-products, generated by palm oil mills and refineries, after processing them. Thus, the goal of this review is to summarize, in detail, the research on the recovery of residual oil contained in the byproducts generated by the palm oil production chain and the functional, nutritional, and pharmaceutical properties of the phytochemicals contained in OFRB as well as suggest areas that need further research.


Xs: 3.9527216 Ys: 5.271319 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Mangosteen Peel Liquid-Protected Soybean Meal Can Shift Rumen Microbiome and Rumen Fermentation End-Products in Lactating Crossbred Holstein Friesian Cows abstract: Rumen bypass protein can enhance protein availability in the lower gut. This study investigated the use of liquid-containing phytonutrients in dairy cows as a dietary additives to reduce rumen protein degradation. Four crossbred lactating Holstein Friesian cows (75% Holstein Friesian with 25% Thai native breed) with an initial body weight (BW) of 410 ± 20 kg were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement [two crude protein (CP) levels with soybean meal (SBM) or mangosteen peel liquid-protected soybean meal (MPLP)-SBM] in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment. Dietary treatments were as follows: T1 = SBM in low crude protein concentrate (LPC) (SBM-LPC); T2 = MPLP-SBM in LPC (MPLP-SBM-LPC); T3 = SBM in high crude protein concentrate (HPC) (SBM-HPC); T4 = MPLP-SBM in HPC (MPLP-SBM-HPC). Apparent digestibilities of organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) were increased (p < 0.05) by CP level in the HPC diet (19% CP), with higher OM and aNDF digestibilities. High crude protein concentrate increased (p < 0.05) the propionic acid in the rumen but reduced (p < 0.05) the acetic acid-to-propionic acid ratio and methane (CH4) production. Rumen microbial populations of the total bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens were increased (p < 0.05) by HPC. Real-time PCR revealed a 30.6% reduction of rumen methanogens by the MPLP-SBM in HPC. Furthermore, efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis (EMNS) was 15.8% increased (p < 0.05) by the MPLP-SBM in HPC when compared to SBM-LPC. Milk yield and milk composition protein content were enhanced (p < 0.05) by both the CP level in concentrate and by MPLP inclusion. In this experiment, a high level of CP and the MPLP-SBM enhanced the ruminal propionate, shifted rumen microbiome, and enhanced milk yield and compositions.


Xs: 5.174715 Ys: 1.2646841 Publish year: 2002 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Food-based strategies to meet the challenges of micronutrient malnutrition in the developing world abstract: The purpose of the present paper is to review the evidence in favour of food-based strategies to meet the challenges of micronutrient malnutrition in the developing world. Increasing dietary diversification is the most important factor in providing a wide range of micronutrients, and to achieve this objective in a development context requires an adequate supply, access and consumption of a variety of foods. Diets in developing countries generally lack many nutrients, including energy (inadequate amounts of food), so that strategies need to also emphasize an increase in total food intake, in addition to a greater variety. Agricultural and food policies tend to be oriented to primary agricultural productions, but they could also be formulated to promote and support home gardens and small livestock production for the explicit purpose of increasing the household consumption of micronutrient-rich foods. The adoption of 'desirable' dietary patterns for nutrition improvement, e.g. appropriately formulated to meet micronutrient needs, could be used in the formulation of agricultural policies and programmes. This process could be achieved through support for integrated farming systems oriented to assuring household food security, but also based on a variety of foods that will meet total dietary (including micronutrient) needs. Thus, availability of energy-rich staples, animal and/or fish as major sources of protein, and vitamin-, mineral- and phytonutrient-rich fruit and vegetables could constitute the types of production envisaged. The cultivation of edible indigenous plants as additional sources of micronutrients could also be added. The low bioavailability of some key micronutrients from foods, such as Fe, are substantially enhanced with the right food combinations and with appropriate food processing and preparation techniques. Simple appropriate technology for the preservation of micronutrient-rich foods would need further development and promotion for their year-round availability. Linking community development policies to national programmes for the alleviation of hunger and malnutrition, with an emphasis on increasing the variety of foods consumed, is probably the best strategy for improving micronutrient malnutrition sustainably.


Xs: 7.2621026 Ys: 3.0682826 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Determination of bioactive compounds, antimicrobial activity, and the phytochemistry of the organic banana peel in Thailand abstract: Banana fruit is enriched with phytonutrients, minerals, and its peel, which is mostly discarded as waste. This research aimed to study its bioactive compound properties, antimicrobial activity, and identify and characterize the constituents of organic banana peel extract (BPE), composed of six species (i.e., Kluai Homthong, Kluai Namwa, Kluai Kai, Kluai Hukmook, Kluai Lebmuernang, and Kluai Homtaiwan). Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant content, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were important in BPE of Kluai Kai. BPE of Kluai Hukmook could inhibit Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum exposed diverse compounds of primary and secondary phytochemicals. Four main constituents, including acetic acid, formic acid, 1,2-benzenediol,3-methyl-, and 4-hydroxy-2-methylacetophone derived from gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), demonstrated their antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity. This result suggests that organic banana peel can both be applied as an antioxidant and antimicrobial substance. BPE increases the value of banana peels (BPs) and reduces the burden of its waste disposal in the environment.


Xs: 7.8469734 Ys: 2.2664428 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: PHYTONUTRIENT SCREENING BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ANTI-AGING PROPERTIES OF GLYCOSMIS PENTAPHYLLA (RETZ.) DC. (SOM-CHUEN) EXTRACTS abstract: Objective: The aims of this study were to screen the phytonutrient constituents and investigate their anti-aging property of leaves and bark ofGlycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. (GP).Methods: GP is the medicinal plant which used as traditional medicine. Glycosmis pentaphylla leaves (GPL) and Glycosmis pentaphylla bark (GPB) ofGP were extracted with ethanol. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used for phytonutrients analysis. The anti-aging properties wereperformed using ABTS assay, deoxyribose degradation assay, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-fructose model, and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1)inhibitory activity.Results: The important phytonutrients of GPL were α-tocopherol, linolenic acid, squalene, stigmasterol, and β-amyrin and for GPB were α-tocopherol,phytol, campesterol, stigmasterol, dictamine, and γ-sitosterol. The percentage inhibition of GPL and GPB extracts at various concentrations wasbetween 16.57–76.05 and 20.66-78.81 by ABTS assay, 68.24–90.06 and 73.83–96.64% by deoxyribose degradation assay, 4.24–99.98 and 54.81–99.94 by BSA-fructose model, and 6.31–81.55 and 1.06–74.45 by MMP-1 inhibitory activity, respectively.Conclusion: Leaves and bark extracts of GP (Retz.) DC. are good sources of important phytonutrients and have the potential in anti-aging property.


Xs: 7.210668 Ys: 1.865337 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Ethnomedicinal Plant Diversity in Thailand abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance:
Plants have provided medicine to humans for thousands of years, and in most parts of the world people still use traditional plant-derived medicine. Knowledge related to traditional use provides an important alternative to unavailable or expensive western medicine in many rural communities. At the same time, ethnomedicinal discoveries are valuable for the development of modern medicine. Unfortunately, globalization and urbanization causes the disappearance of much traditional medicinal plant knowledge.

Aim of the study:
To review available ethnobotanical knowledge about medicinal plants in Thailand and to estimate its diversity.

Methods:
Information about ethnomedicinal uses of plants in Thailand was extracted from 64 scientific reports, books, and theses produced between 1990-2014. Plant identifications in the primary sources were updated to currently accepted names following The Plant List website and the species were assigned to family following the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Use Values (UV) were calculated to estimate the importance of medicinal plant species (UVs) and families (UVf). Medicinal use categories, plant parts used, preparations of the medicine, and their applications were noted for each use report.

Results:
We found 16,789 use reports for 2187 plant species in 206 families. These data came from 19 ethnic groups living in 121 villages throughout Thailand. The health conditions most commonly treated with medicinal plants were in the categories digestive system disorders, infections/infestations, nutritional disorders, muscular-skeletal system disorders, and genitourinary system disorders. Plant families with very high use values were Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, and Zingiberaceae and species with very high use values were Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob., Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC., and Cheilocostus speciosus (J.Koenig) C.D.Specht. Stems and leaves were the most used plant parts, but also other parts of the plants were used in medicinal recipes. The most common way of using the medicinal plants was as a decoction in water.

Conclusion:
We found 2187 plant species that were used in traditional medicine in Thailand. Of these a few hundred had high use values, suggesting that they may produce bioactive compounds with strong physiological effects.


Xs: 4.208761 Ys: 2.3885052 Publish year: 2018 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Rice Bran Oil Containing Gamma-Oryzanol Improves Lipid Profiles and Antioxidant Status in Hyperlipidemic Subjects: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial abstract: Objectives:
Rice bran oil (RBO) is a major source of monounsaturated fatty acid and gamma-oryzanol, which may assist in lowering blood lipids and oxidative stress. This study examined the effects of RBO containing different amounts of gamma-oryzanol on blood lipid, antioxidant, and inflammatory markers.

Materials and methods:
A total of 59 hyperlipidemic subjects completed the study. They were divided into four groups: RBO1 (4,000 ppm gamma-oryzanol, n = 14), RBO2 (8,000 ppm gamma-oryzanol, n = 15), RBO3 (11,000 ppm gamma-oryzanol, n = 15), and control (soybean oil, n = 15). The assigned oil (30 mL) was incorporated into three cooked meals each day for 4 weeks. Anthropometrical measurements and blood samples were taken to evaluate body weight, body composition, lipid parameters, antioxidant status, and inflammatory markers before and after the intervention.

Results:
Compared with the control, consumption of RBO significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (percentage change: -0.8% [control]; -8% [RBO1]; -11.8% [RBO2]; and -12.2% [RBO3], p = 0.012) with the greatest change found in RBO2 and RBO3. In addition, antioxidant status also improved significantly. Levels of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) increased after consumption of a diet with RBO compared with consumption of a diet with soybean oil (ORAC: -2.7% [control]; 4.1% [RBO1]; 8.6% [RBO2]; and 10.1% [RBO3], p < 0.001; FRAP: -4.4% [control]; 4.7% [RBO1]; 7.4% [RBO2]; and 7.6% [RBO3], p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
RBO with gamma-oryzanol could decrease LDL-C levels and increase antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic subjects. Therefore, RBO consumption may reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors.


Xs: 5.940629 Ys: 2.393489 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Clinical Evidence of the Benefits of Phytonutrients in Human Healthcare abstract: Phytonutrients comprise many different chemicals, including carotenoids, indoles, glucosinolates, organosulfur compounds, phytosterols, polyphenols, and saponins. This review focuses on the human healthcare benefits of seven phytochemical families and highlights the significant potential contribution of phytonutrients in the prevention and management of pathologies and symptoms in the field of family health. The structure and function of these phytochemical families and their dietary sources are presented, along with an overview of their potential activities across different health and therapeutic targets. This evaluation has enabled complementary effects of the different families of phytonutrients in the same area of health to be recognized.


Xs: 6.9622936 Ys: 3.1605806 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Insight into phytonutrient profile and postharvest quality management of jackfruit abstract: Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.), also known as ‘vegetarian’s meat’, is an excellent source of carbohydrates, protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and several phytochemicals. It is a climacteric fruit that exhibits an increase in ethylene biosynthesis and respiration rate during fruit ripening. The market value of jackfruit is reduced due to the deterioration of fruit quality during storage and transportation. There is a lack of standardized harvest maturity index in jackfruit, where consequently, fruit harvested at immature or overmature stages result in poor quality ripe fruit with short storage life. Other factors responsible for its short postharvest life relate to its highly perishable nature, chilling sensitivity and susceptibility to fruit rot which result in significant qualitative and quantitative losses. Various postharvest management techniques have been adopted to extend the storage life, including cold storage, controlled atmosphere storage, modified atmosphere packaging, edible coatings, chemical treatment, and non-chemical alternatives. Diversified products have been prepared from jackfruit to mitigate such losses. This comprehensive review highlights the nutritional profile, fruit ripening physiology, pre and postharvest quality management, and value addition of jackfruit as well as the way forward to reduce postharvest losses in the supply chain.


Xs: 3.7907147 Ys: 0.6892342 Publish year: 2011 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Food based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) development and promotion in Thailand abstract: Dietary guidelines based on 5 food groups was used as a main nutrition education tool until 1996 when food based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) were promoted after 2 years of formulation and development. These FBDGs for the general population were designed to promote desirable and culturally acceptable eating behavior. The nine qualitative guidelines of Thai FBDGs include: 1. eat a variety of foods from each of the five food groups and maintain proper weight, 2. eat adequate rice, or alternate carbohydrate, 3. eat plenty of vegetables and fruits regularly, 4. eat fish, lean meats, eggs, legumes and pulses regularly, 5. drink sufficient amount of milk every day, 6. take moderate amounts of fat, 7. avoid excessive intake of sweet and salty foods, 8. eat clean and uncontaminated foods, and 9. avoid or reduce consumption of alcoholic beverages. In 1998, the quantitative part of Thai FBDGs or food guide model was established as "Nutrition Flag" after rigorous test for understanding and acceptability among consumers. Promotion and dissemination of the Thai FBDGs have been carried out at national and community levels through basic health, agricultural and educational services and training activities, as well as periodic campaigning via multiple communication channels and media. Recently in 2009, the FBDGs for infant and preschool children were introduced to replace the previous infant and young child feeding guidelines. There has been no formal evaluation on the impact of promotion of the Thai FBDGs but some periodic testing of knowledge and practices have shown positive results.


Xs: 7.3898764 Ys: 3.4160557 Publish year: 2018 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Effect of drying condition of Thai garlic (Allium sativum L.) on physicochemical and sensory properties abstract: This research was conducted to indicate the suitable drying condition of dried garlic powder. The chopped and sliced fresh garlic was dried in hot air oven (40°C and 60°C). The drying process times for chopped and sliced garlic at 60°C (270 and 300 min) faster than 40°C (540 and 630 min). Those drying condition provided the moisture content in the range of 5.42-5.69 with low water activity in the range of 0.514-0.542. The drying temperature and processed condition also affected the colour value (L * , a * , b *). The lightness of dried garlic powder was in the range of 75.53-81.56. The a * and b * value also showed the significant difference with the value in the range of 3.20-4.48 and 23.93-31.05, respectively. Those demonstrated values were significant difference when the temperature was increased whereas the processed garlic size was smaller. The main volatile compounds and aroma characteristics of those dried garlic powders can also identify as allyl methyl sulfide (garlic), diallyl disulfide (onion), and diallyl trisulfide (fried garlic). The sensory evaluation from the chopped garlic at 60°C drying temperature provided the highest rating score in the range of 6.1-6.7, followed by the sliced garlic at 40°C drying temperature (5.9-6.7), the chopped garlic at 40°C drying temperature (5.3-5.8), and the sliced garlic at 60°C drying temperature (4.7-5.6), respectively. Those factors were found to be affected toward physicochemical, main volatile content, allicin content, and sensory properties of dried garlic powder which can indicate the suitable drying temperature and processed condition to achieve the good quality of dried garlic powder with acceptable sensory properties.


Xs: 7.128366 Ys: 1.8875368 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Medicinal plants and their traditional uses in different locations abstract: Medicinal plants represent as an alternative treatment to various diseases, and their use is increasingly prevalent throughout the world. Due to the large number of plant species with medicinal properties, some sciences have emerged such as medicinal herbalism, which has allowed the wide development of traditional medicine in some countries. The traditional uses attributed to each medicinal plant depend on where the plant is consumed and the social groups that use them. In this chapter a review on medicinal plants is presented as well as their application at a global level. The information was obtained from databases and scientific sources. In addition, a case study in a locality with an indigenous population in the state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, is presented, in which a qualitative study was conducted on the traditional use of medicinal plants at the precise sale places of said plants. The collection of the data was carried out through structured interviews, which allowed to document the knowledge and main traditional uses attributed to medicinal plants. The information presented here can be useful for initiating ethnobotanical studies in places where there is greater traditional knowledge about medicinal plants.


Xs: 3.990525 Ys: 5.3399677 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Potential use of Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) as a protein source fodder to improve nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation efficiency in beef cattle abstract: Objective:
This study aimed at studying the potential use of Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) as a protein source fodder to improve nutrients digestibility and ruminal fermentation efficiency in beef cattle.

Methods:
Four, Thai native beef cattle were randomly assigned in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Four levels of Flemingia hay meal (FHM) were used to replace soybean meal (SBM) in the concentrate mixtures in four dietary treatments replacing levels at 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% of SBM.

Results:
The experimental findings revealed that replacements did not effect on intake of rice straw, concentrate and total dry matter intake (p>0.05). However, the apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were linearly increased up to 100% replacement levels. Moreover, the production of total volatile fatty acids, and propionate concentration were enhanced (p<0.05) whereas the concentration of acetate was reduced in all replacement groups. Consequently, the CH4 production was significantly lower when increasing levels of FHM for SBM (p<0.05). Furthermore, rumen bacterial population was additionally increased (p<0.05) while protozoal population was clearly decreased (p<0.05) in all replacement groups up to 100%. In addition, microbial nitrogen supply (MNS) and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis (EMNS) were enhanced (p<0.05), as affected by FHM replacements.

Conclusion:
The findings under this experiment suggest that 100% FHM replacement in concentrate mixture enhanced rumen fermentation efficiency, nutrients digestibilities, bacterial population, microbial protein synthesis, and subsequently reduced CH4 production in beef cattle fed on rice straw.


Xs: 7.1326933 Ys: 3.9303613 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Application of solvent pH under pressurized conditions using accelerated solvent extraction and green solvents to extract phytonutrients from wild berries abstract: Berry fruits are known as “superfoods” due to health benefits associated with the high content of bioactive compounds or phytonutrients. Organic extraction solvents are fundamentally volatile compounds acquired from non-renewable resources, i.e petroleum-based solvents are presumed to be harmful to both human health and the environment. Owing to the new emphasis on environmental and safety protections and the development of green chemistry, finding alternative solvents to replace the organic ones has recently become a major concern. Indeed, there is a great interest in the scientific community to develop a suitable green approach to allow the extraction and recovery of the bioactive phytonutrients from berry sources for applications in improving human health and nutrition. In this study, the phytonutrient composition of three popular wild berries: blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), partridgeberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) and Rosehipberry (Rosa canina), were evaluated following extraction using biphasic green solvents at pH 2.5, 7.0, and 11.5 under pressurized conditions using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) system. The total phenolic content and composition, antioxidant activity, vitamin and mineral content of the berry extracts were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP), Ultra-High-pressure Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The highest total antioxidant activity (p ≤ 0.05) and phenolic content were observed in rosehip berry followed by blueberry and partridgeberry in the hydroethanolic extracts at pH 11.5. Nevertheless, the highest extraction efficiency of total fat-soluble vitamins (FSV) and total B vitamins were also observed in the hydroethanolic extract at pH 11.5. Both in rosehipberry and partridgeberry the highest vitamin C content was observed in hydroethanolic extract at pH 11.5, whereas in blueberry it was observed in the pH 2.5 hydroethanolic extract. In the present study, results demonstrated that using the green solvent system (hydroethanolic, 70:30 v/v) at alkaline pH (11.5) as a pressurized fluid in the ASE system provided significant recovery of phytonutrients from wild berries. This green environmentally friendly system of extraction could represent a suitable alternative for the preparation of food grade or green solvent-based extracts for applications in the food and nutraceutical industry.