Xs: 7.387514 Ys: 4.039847 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Alkyl carbamate ionic liquids for permeabilization of microalgae biomass to enhance lipid recovery for biodiesel production abstract: Microalgae are potential biomass source for biodiesel production. However, their strong cell walls make efficient lipid extraction problematic. Disrupting the cell wall is a key point in enhancing lipid yield from microalgae biomass. A new type of ionic liquid (IL) has been suggested in this work as a potentially viable solvent to permeabilize the strong microalgae cell structure for the efficient extraction of lipids. Morphological changes in microalgae cells were studied before and after ionic liquid permeabilization to understand the mechanism of ionic liquid treatment. Among the three selected CO2-based alkyl carbamate ionic liquids, DIMCARP performed with the best extraction efficiency. The effects of extraction variables (temperature, time, ratio ionic liquid/Methanol, and solvent to biomass) on lipid extraction were examined via single-factor experiments coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) using a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The highest lipid yield (16.40%) was obtained after 45 min of extraction at 45 °C using a 9:1 ionic liquid to methanol and 7 mL of solvent to biomass ratio. Transesterification of lipids to make fatty acid methyl esters found that the most common fatty acids were C16:0, C18:2, and C18:3 (19.50%). The quality of the biodiesel made meets European and US standards.


Xs: 7.088688 Ys: 2.2336743 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Garcinia L.: a gold mine of future therapeutics abstract: Garcinia, an evergreen polygamous tree
and shrub distributed in tropical Asia, Africa and
Polynesia belong to the family Clusiaceae. This genus
consists of several species which are widely used as a
source of edible fruits, timber, resin, and other natural
products, and are also utilized in the treatment of
various ailments in Indian ayurveda. About 35 species
are found in India, many of which are endemic and
economically important with immense medicinal
properties, and are a rich source of bioactive
molecules including xanthones, flavonoids, benzophenones, lactones and phenolic acids. Species of
Garcinia grow extensively in semi wild state, in the
Western Ghats covering Maharashtra, Goa, coastal
areas of Karnataka, Kerala, Nilgiri Hills, the evergreen
forests of North East Hill region, West Bengal,
Andaman Islands, Orissa, and Bihar among others.
Garcinia is the source for a natural diet ingredient
Hydroxy Citric Acid (HCA) which is an anti-obesity
compound. Most of the species also possess antibacterial, antifungal, anti-ulcerogenic, cardioprotective,
anticancer, chemopreventive, free radical scavenging,
and antioxidant properties. However, lack of consciousness and awareness coupled with habitat
destruction led to the genetic erosion of this forest
resource, and many species are threatened which need
to be conserved and further studied for its nutrient and
phyto-pharmacological properties. This paper reviews
the nutritional value, the phytochemical compounds,
traditional uses and validated pharmacological properties of different Garcinia species.


Xs: 7.506733 Ys: 2.3900042 Publish year: 2018 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: An Exploration of Significant Curative Spices: A Review abstract: Spices are important food supplements, which have been used as flavouring agents and preservatives for thousands of years in tropical Africa, Asia and other parts of the world. They are well known for their medicinal properties, and their use in traditional systems of medicine has been on record for a long time. Current biomedical efforts are focused on their scientific merits, to provide science based evidence for the traditional uses and to develop either functional foods or nutraceuticals. Although, epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated that spices are important source as antioxidant, bioavailability enhancement nature, antimicrobial activity, hypolipidemic property, antidiabetic influence, anti-inflammatory ability, anticarcinogenic potential, neuroprotective effect, antiallergic, antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic, hepato-protective, hypotensive, antiaging, osteoporosis, DNA damage, heart diseases, induce apoptosis, diuretic, central nervous system stimulant, analgesic, immuno-modulator and carminative. The review included black pepper, turmeric, cinnamon, garlic, oregano, thyme, ginger, cumin, nutmeg, clove, coriander, fennel, rosemary, cardamom, chili pepper, fenugreek, and kokum. The spices were characterized by the presence of mineral elements such as calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, copper and zinc which are very important to human nutrition. Phytochemical screening indicated that these spices are also rich in phytonutrients including alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids phytoestrogens, carotenoids, limonoids, phytosterols, glucosinolates, polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, anthocyanidins, tannins, proteins, glycosides, carbohydrates, quinones, coumerin, and emodins in different quantities. The present review findings indicate that the spices are good sources of nutrients, mineral elements and phytochemicals which could be exploited as great potentials for drugs and nutritional supplements.


Xs: 6.7812 Ys: 3.0766168 Publish year: 2011 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Phytonutrient Profile of Purple Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) Seeds abstract: To characterize phytonutrients, the seeds of 12 purple Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) accessions collected from Korea and Japan were used for quantitative analysis of tocopherols, phytosterols, squalene and fatty acids. The average tocopherol, squalene and phytosterols contents were 12.2 mg , 3.99 mg and 77.20 mg , respectively. Among 4 tocopherol (T) isomers (-T, -T, -T, and -T), -T was present in the highest quantity (11.03 mg ) with the least variation (CV = 13.7%), while -T was present in lowest quantity (0.25 mg 1). Compared to campesterol (4.36 mg ) and stigmasterol (13.32 mg ), -sitosterol exhibited higher quantity (59.51 mg ) with 9.5% of variation. The major fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids such as linolenic (61.5%), linoleic (17.3%), and oleic (9.9%) acids compared to saturated ones: palmitic (7.6%) and stearic (3.7%) acids. When Korean and Japanese accession were compared, almost no difference in content could be observed, while more variation as evaluated by CV (%) could be observed in Japanese accession in most phytonutrients suggesting wider genetic variation of purple Perilla in Japan. Presence of all above-mentioned phytonutrient compounds strongly suggested health beneficial value of purple Perilla seeds.


Xs: 4.151247 Ys: 5.2040567 Publish year: 2024 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: The application of omics technologies for understanding tropical plants-based bioactive compounds in ruminants: a review abstract: Finding out how diet impacts health and metabolism while concentrating on the functional qualities and bioactive components of food is the crucial scientific objective of nutritional research. The complex relationship between metabolism and nutrition could be investigated with cutting-edge "omics" and bioinformatics techniques. This review paper provides an overview of the use of omics technologies in nutritional research, with a particular emphasis on the new applications of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and genomes in functional and biological activity research on ruminant livestock and products in the tropical regions. A wealth of knowledge has been uncovered regarding the regulation and use of numerous physiological and pathological processes by gene, mRNA, protein, and metabolite expressions under various physiological situations and guidelines. In particular, the components of meat and milk were assessed using omics research utilizing the various methods of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and genomes. The goal of this review is to use omics technologies—which have been steadily gaining popularity as technological tools—to develop new nutritional, genetic, and leadership strategies to improve animal products and their quality control. We also present an overview of the new applications of omics technologies in cattle production and employ nutriomics and foodomics technologies to investigate the microbes in the rumen ecology. Thus, the application of state-of-the-art omics technology may aid in our understanding of how species and/or breeds adapt, and the sustainability of tropical animal production, in the long run, is becoming increasingly important as a means of mitigating the consequences of climate change.


Xs: 5.177674 Ys: 1.4087198 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Priority micronutrient density in foods abstract: Background: Despite concerted efforts to improve diet quality and reduce malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies remain widespread globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries and among population groups with increased needs, where diets are often inadequate in iron, zinc, folate, vitamin A, calcium, and vitamin B12. There is a need to understand the density of these micronutrients and their bioavailability across diverse foods and the suitability of these foods to help meet requirements for populations with high burdens of micronutrient malnutrition.
Objective: We aimed to identify the top food sources of these commonly lacking micronutrients, which are essential for optimal health, to support efforts to reduce micronutrient malnutrition among various populations globally.
Methods: We built an aggregated global food composition database and calculated recommended nutrient intakes for five population groups with varying requirements. An approach was developed to rate foods according to their density in each and all priority micronutrients for various population groups with different nutrient requirements.
Results: We find that the top sources of priority micronutrients are organs, small fish, dark green leafy vegetables, bivalves, crustaceans, beef, goat, eggs, milk, cheese, and canned fish with bones. Lamb, mutton, goat milk, and pork are also good sources, and to a lesser extent, yogurt, fresh fish, pulses, and teff.
Conclusions: The results provide insight into which foods to prioritize to fill common micronutrient gaps and reduce undernutrition.


Xs: 6.67211 Ys: 2.6777005 Publish year: 2010 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Comparison of Nutritional and Functional Constituents, and Physicochemical Characteristics of Mulberrys from Seven Different Morus alba L. Cultivars abstract: Nutritional and functional components, and physicochemical characteristics of mulberry fruits from Morus alba L. cultivars, including Daejappong, Iksuppong, Daesungppong, Yongppong, Cheongilppong, Gwasang 1 and Gwasang 2, were investigated and compared. Among the 7 mulberry cultivars examined, Iksuppong, Cheongilppong and Gwasang 2 had higher contents of nitrogen free extract, total sugar and total reducing sugar, than other mulberry cultivars, while contents of protein, fat, and fiber were lowest. Gwasang 1 and Daesungppong had the highest content of total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin. Daesungppong, Gwasang 1 and Gwasang 2 had higher contents of C3G and C3R than other mulberry cultivars, although C3R content of Cheongilppong was the highest. Four flavonoid contents varied among of 7 mulberry cultivars. Contents of two major flavonoids, rutin and quercetin, were the highest in Gwasang 2, while Iksuppong and Cheongilppong were the lowest. Contents of piceid and 4-prenylmoracin were the highest in Daesungppong and Cheongilppong, respectively. Cheongilppong of mulberrys had the highest content of GABA. Iksuppong and Gwasang 2 with moderate weight and dark color had higher contents of total soluble solid than other mulberry cultivars, while contents of titratable acidity were lower. Our results provide useful information on nutritional and functional constituents of mulberry fruits according to cultivars, and their physicochemical and processing properties.


Xs: 8.338594 Ys: 4.06156 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Proteomics of Seed Nutrition-Associated Proteins in Germinated Brown Rice in Four Thai Rice Cultivars Analyzed by GeLC-MS/MS abstract: Brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) of Oryza sativa L. are popularly consumed by Asians because of their important healthy diet components. They are known to contain bioactive compounds and nutrients, such as phenolics, vitamins, fatty acids, and sugars, which help to maintain good health and reduce the incidences of various chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of germination on changes of nutrition-associated proteins in 4 rice cultivars. After germination for 24 h, the changes of seed nutrition-associated proteins were examined by shotgun proteomics. The total proteins from non-germinated seeds and 24 h germinated seeds of 4 rice cultivars were extracted and analyzed by in-gel digestion coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GeLC-MS/MS). A total phenolic content was analyzed from the crude methanol extract of those grains after germination for 0, 24, and 48 h using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The analysis showed that seed nutritional-associated proteins, especially phenolic-associated proteins, increased after germination according to the accumulation of the total phenolic content. The expressions of 6 phenolic-associated proteins, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, serine carboxypeptidase-like protein, isoflavone-7-O-methyltransferase, isoflavonoid glucosyltransferase, glycosyltransferase family 61 protein and UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase were increased by 2.20 - 15.90 folds after germination. This study provides evidence that rice germination for 24 h has essentially influenced the increased nutritional values of BR and the phenolic biosynthetic pathway.


Xs: 6.935022 Ys: 2.7644205 Publish year: 2019 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Nutritional and Health Benefits of Jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.): A Review abstract: Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., which is commonly known as jackfruit is a tropical climacteric fruit, belonging to Moraceae family, is native to Western Ghats of India and common in Asia, Africa, and some regions in South America. It is known to be the largest edible fruit in the world. Jackfruit is rich in nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. Both the seeds and the flesh of jackfruit are consumed as curries and boiled forms, while the flesh in fully ripen stage can be eaten directly as a fruit. Several countries have developed different food products such as jam, jellies, marmalades, and ice creams using pureed jackfruit. The several parts of jack tree including fruits, leaves, and barks have been extensively used in traditional medicine due to its anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and hypoglycemic effects. Despite all these benefits, unfortunately, the fruit is underutilized in commercial scale processing in regions where it is grown. The aim of this review is to disseminate the knowledge on nutritional and health benefits of jackfruit, in order to promote utilization of jackfruit for commercial scale food production.


Xs: 6.67167 Ys: 2.812804 Publish year: 2012 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Nutritional quality of muskmelon fruit as revealed by its biochemical properties during different rates of ripening abstract: Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of the economically important fruit in the world and the important quality determining parameters of it are carbohydrates and antioxidants. In the present study antioxidants such as phenols, polyphenols, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, total antioxidant activity as well as sweetness related compounds like reducing, non-reducing and total sugars, starch and activities of various enzymes related to these biochemical components were evaluated in muskmelon at its sequential stages of development and ripening. Even though the amounts of sugars and phenolics increased with the progress of ripening, other antioxidants like ascorbic acid, carotenoids and level of total antioxidant activity however, decreased. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase gradually increased towards ripening with their maximum of it in the ripened and pre-ripened stage respectively, whereas catalase displayed its maximum activity in the premature stage. Sugar metabolizing enzyme, sucrose phosphate synthase exhibited positive correlation with the sucrose accumulation concomitant with the decreased activities of sucrose synthase, acid invertase and neutral invertase towards ripening of the muskmelon fruit. Ultimately the carbohydrates and bioactive compounds with their accumulation in the ripe muskmelon fruit suggests its use to the food scientists to maximize the nutritional value, thereby confirming muskmelon fruit as a nutritionally balanced source of dietary antioxidants.


Xs: 7.364306 Ys: 4.124718 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Solvent-based washing as a treatment alternative for onshore petroleum drill cuttings in Thailand abstract: In Thailand, onshore drill cuttings (DC) contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) are currently transported off-site for incineration, causing high transportation cost and potential leakage to the environment. To address the issues, we develop solvent-based washing as a greener alternative for onshore DC remediation, focusing on solvent selection, washing process optimization, and solvent recovery. The results showed that ethyl lactate (EL) was the best green solvent for DC washing, compared to water, ethylene glycol, and ethyl acetate. Based on response surface methodology assisted with central composite design, the maximum TPH removal of 87.1% was achieved from 4 mL g-1 liquid-to-solid ratio, 14 min washing time, and 80 rpm stirring speed, and the TPH removal rate by EL fitted well with the second-order reaction (R2 = 0.9774). Furthermore, the spent EL was successfully recycled by simple and low-energy adsorption using granular activated carbon (GAC). With the sufficient GAC dosage, TPH could be completely removed from the spent EL without impairing the original EL properties. Moreover, the recycled EL exhibited its successful reuse in the subsequent DC washing process. These findings suggest that solvent washing accompanied with solvent recovery by adsorption could be a novel and greener remedial scheme for onshore DC management.


Xs: 6.160632 Ys: 1.900994 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Mungbean: A Preview of Disease Management Challenges for an Alternative U.S. Cash Crop abstract: Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) products and other plant-based protein sources exceeded $1 billion in U.S. sales during 2020. Nearly all of the mungbean consumed in the U.S. is imported, but it has considerable potential as a domestic crop. Its tolerance of drought and high temperatures gives U.S. farmers additional options for crop rotation. Mungbean is a short-season crop (60 to 90 d). It fits the current infrastructure of equipment, chemical, inputs, and storage for soybean and has a developed market. Similar to other crops, vulnerability to diseases can be a constraint for mungbean production. This manuscript reviews mungbean diseases causing significant yield losses in current production regions and current control options. This information will provide a useful guide to breeders and farmers to develop and produce a profitable crop, and will also equip university extension personnel with essential information to assist mungbean farmers with disease management.


Xs: 7.6480513 Ys: 3.8017867 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Effect of extraction techniques on anthocyanin from butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) cultivated in Vietnam abstract: The butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) has attracted much interest recently due to its potential application as a source of natural food colorings and antioxidants. Along with conventional methods, this study applied ultrasound and microwave techniques in the extraction of natural pigments, as well as bioactive compounds. For this purpose, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (temperature 60 o C-80 o C, time 15-60 minutes, solid-to-liquid ratio 5:100 (g/ml), 490 W, and 42 kHz frequency), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) (microwave's power levels 200-600 W, time 3-6 minutes), and conventional extraction (CE) (temperature 60 o C-80 o C, time 15-60 minutes) were applied. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) effect of MAE and UAE on anthocyanins and antioxidant activities ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of butterfly pea flowers extract in comparison with CE. The MAE and UAE methods improved anthocyanin yield by 14.11% and 15.01% with the highest total anthocyanin content obtained by UAE (70 o C and 5 minutes). Multiple regression analysis was performed to select the optimal parameters by UAE (74 o C for 56.88 minutes) with the highest concentration of anthocyanins (39.90 mg/l) and FRAP (µMFeSO 4 /100 ml) in the extract. Five anthocyanin compounds, delphinidin-hex, cyanidin-hexose-deoxyHex, delphinidin-deoxyhex-hex, cyanidin-hexose-2 deoxyHex, and delphinidin-hexose-2 deoxyHex, were identified in the extract.


Xs: 6.86813 Ys: 2.8861878 Publish year: 2016 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Bioactive compounds in banana and their associated health benefits – A review abstract: Banana is a very popular fruit in the world market and is consumed as staple food in many countries. It is grown worldwide and constitutes the fifth most important agricultural food crop in terms of world trade. It has been classified into the dessert or sweet bananas and the cooking bananas or plantains. It is either eaten raw or processed, and also as a functional ingredient in various food products. Banana contains several bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, carotenoids, biogenic amines and phytosterols, which are highly desirable in the diet as they exert many positive effects on human health and well-being. Many of these compounds have antioxidant activities and are effective in protecting the body against various oxidative stresses. In the past, bananas were effectively used in the treatment of various diseases, including reducing the risk of many chronic degenerative disorders. In the present review, historical background, cultivar classification, beneficial phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and health benefits of bananas are discussed.


Xs: 6.1432524 Ys: 1.9874034 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Underexploited Vegetables in Nutritional Security and Economic Prosperity abstract: Nutrition has captured the international spotlight in unparalleled way as persistent global hungerand under nutrition has underscored the need for urgentaction. One in eight people around the world still sufferfrom hunger, and more than double of that arevictims of hidden hunger. It is estimated that agricultural production has to increase by 70% by 2050 to cope with an estimated 40% increase in world population.Agriculture is under immense pressure to produce greater quantity of food, feed and bio-fuel on limited land resources for the projected nine billion people on the planet by 2050. The future demand can be fulfilled only by efficiently utilizing the nutritional and medicinal properties of underutilized vegetables. Currently, underutilized food sources includes minor grains and pulses, root and tuber crops and fruits and vegetables and non-timber forest products.They have the potential to make a substantial contribution to food and nutritional security, to protect against internal and external market disruptions and climate uncertainties, and lead to better ecosystem functions and services, thus enhancing sustainability. Many traditional or indigenous vegetables are characterized by a high nutritional value compared with global vegetables like tomato and cabbage. As source of essential vitamins, micronutrients, protein and other phytonutrients, traditional vegetables and underutilized legume crops have the potential to play a major role in obtaining nutritional security. Apart from their commercial, medicinal and cultural value, traditional underutilized vegetables such as Amarnath (Amaranthus Spp.), Africal night shade (Solanum scabrum), Asian (Solanum melogena) and African (Solanum aethiopicum) eggplant, drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera), Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), Malabar spinach (Basella alba), winged bean (psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and many gourd species are considered important for sustainable food production as they reduce the impact of production systems on the environment. Many of these crops are hardy, adapted to specific marginal soil and climatic conditions, and can be grown with minimum external inputs. Significant research, breeding and development efforts are needed for a range of promising crops to convertexisting local landraces into competitive varieties with wide adaptation and promising commercialpotential.


Xs: 5.899844 Ys: 3.3257527 Publish year: 2014 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Investigating Wild Berries as a Dietary Approach to Reducing the Formation of Advanced Glycation Endproducts: Chemical Correlates of In Vitro Antiglycation Activity abstract: Evidence supports the health promoting benefits of berries, particularly with regard to the prevention and management of chronic diseases such cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Two related pathophysiological features common to many of these conditions are oxidative stress and the accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Whereas antioxidant properties are well-established in several species of berries and are believed central to their protective mechanisms, few studies have investigated the effects of berries on AGE formation. Here, employing a series of complementary in vitro assays, we evaluated a collection of wild berry extracts for 1) inhibitory effects on fluorescent-AGE and Nε- (carboxymethyl)lysine-albumin adduct formation, 2) radical scavenging activity and 3) total phenolic and anthocyanin content. All samples reduced AGE formation in a concentration-dependent manner that correlated positively with each extract's total phenolic content and, to a lesser degree, total anthocyanin content. Inhibition of AGE formation was similarly related to radical scavenging activities. Adding antiglycation activity to the list of established functional properties ascribed to berries and their phenolic metabolites, our data provide further insight into the active compounds and protective mechanisms through which berry consumption may aid in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases associated with AGE accumulation and toxicity. As widely available, safe and nutritious foods, berries represent a promising dietary intervention worthy of further investigation.


Xs: 7.0823584 Ys: 3.013846 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Exploring wild edible flowers as a source of bioactive compounds: New perspectives in horticulture abstract: The increasing interest in healthy and natural foods has raised the attention towards uncommon or unexplored ingredients, such as edible flowers. These products are proven to be a rich source of bioactive compounds, for example, vitamins or polyphenols that play an important role in health promotion and disease prevention. However, plant species with edible flowers are numerous and most of them still need to be studied with this aim. The high species richness of North-Western Italy provides interesting perspectives in the use of wild edible flowers, which are currently underutilized, but can be a valuable food source or food supplement for healthy diets. In this framework, the phytochemical composition of 22 wild edible flowers was analysed and compared with that of four cultivated species (Borago officinalis L., Calendula officinalis L., Tagetes patula L. and Tropaeolum majus L.) to evaluate their potentiality as sources of bioactive compounds. The total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the fresh flowers were assessed, together with their phenolic profiles and vitamin C content, through spectrophotometric and chromatographic analyses. The evaluated parameters varied widely among species, with Paeonia officinalis L. and Rosa pendulina L. showing the highest values of polyphenols (1,930 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) · 100 g−1 and 1,774 mg GAE · 100 g−1, respectively), followed by Rosa canina L. (1,397 mg GAE · 100 g−1) and Geranium sylvaticum L. (1,268 mg GAE · 100 g−1). The same species also showed the highest antioxidant activity, measured with three different assays [ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)]. The phenolic profile differed among the studied species, with Dianthus pavonius Tausch and R. pendulina having the highest sum of detected polyphenols (2,522 mg · 100 g−1 and 2,366 mg · 100 g−1, respectively). Vitamin C was identified in all but two flowers (Allium ursinum L. and B. officinalis) and Primula veris L. had the highest amount (45 mg · 100 g−1). The study showed that wild edible flowers outperformed the cultivated species, except for T. majus, providing new insights for the use of wild edible flowers as sources of bioactive compounds.


Xs: 6.5665283 Ys: 2.792246 Publish year: 2014 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Melatonin from different fruit sources, functional roles, and analytical methods abstract: Recently melatonin has been reported in different fruits and its exact amount is influenced by many factors, including fruit type, variety and ripening stage, growth location and condition, and analytical method employed. Validated analytical methods with adequate sample treatment are required to obtain accurate measurement of melatonin in fruits. Importantly, diet high in melatonin from fruits could enhance human health. Also, melatonin could be used to improve the phytoremediation efficiency of plants against different pollutants such as heavy metals. This review discussed the contributing factors on the production and amount of melatonin in fruits, current analytical approaches, its functional roles, as well as the future research needs to clarify the mechanisms of fruit melatonin for improving human health and environment contaminations.


Xs: 4.1419134 Ys: 5.4721155 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Mill. Johnston) pellet supplementation improved rumen fermentation, milk yield and milk composition of lactating dairy cows abstract: Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Mill. Johnston) is a fodder shrub that contains flavonoid compounds and uses as feeds, medicine and food, respectively. This study examined the effects of Chaya leaf pellet (CHYP) supplementation on nutrient digestibilities, feed intake, rumen fermentation, milk yield and milk compositions. Four lactating crossbred (75% Holstein-Friesian × 25% Thai native cows) dairy cows with average body weight (440 ± 10), milk production (12 ± 2 kg/h/d) and days- in- milk (126 ± 20) and were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Two ratio of concentrate to milk yield, (1:1; CM1 and 1:2; CM2) and two CHYP levels at 0 and 6% of total dry matter intake (TDMI) were imposed. The results revealed that concentrate to milk yield ratio and CHYP supplementation had interactive effect (P < 0.05) on nutrient intake except ADF, fat -corrected milk and total solids. Rumen pH was decreased (P < 0.05) in cows receiving high concentrate, while the pH was in normal range for animals fed with CHYP. Ruminal NH3-N concentration was increased (P < 0.05) by the 6% CHYP supplementation. The level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (P < 0.05) was increased with the increase of ruminal NH3-N (P < 0.01), and bacterial population, while the, protozoal counts were slightly reduced by the supplementation of CHYP. The CHYP supplementation significantly increased total VFA and propionate concentration, while decreased acetate to propionate ratio and estimated methane emission. In conclusion, concentrate to milk yield at 1:1 ratio and CHYP supplementation at 6% significantly modulated rumen fermentation end-products and milk composition in lactating dairy cows.


Xs: 7.284212 Ys: 2.1623275 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: In vitro evaluation of the anti‑breast cancer properties and gene expression profiles of Thai traditional formulary medicine extracts abstract: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Moreover, standard treatments are limited, so new alternative treatments are required. Thai traditional formulary medicine (TTFM) utilizes certain herbs to treat different diseases due to their dominant properties including anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer actions. However, very little is known about the anti-cancer properties of TTFM against breast cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Therefore, the present study, evaluated the metabolite profiles of TTFM extracts, the anti-cancer activities of TTFM extracts, their effects on the apoptosis pathway and associated gene expression profiles. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy analysis identified a total of 226 compounds within the TTFM extracts. Several of these compounds have been previously shown to have an anti-cancer effect in certain cancer types. The MTT results demonstrated that the TTFM extracts significantly reduced the cell viability of the breast cancer 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Moreover, an apoptosis assay, demonstrated that the TTFM extracts significantly increased the proportion of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, the RNA-sequencing results demonstrated that 25 known genes were affected by TTFM treatment in 4T1 cells. TTFM treatment significantly up-regulated Slc5a8 and Arhgap9 expression compared with untreated cells. Moreover, Cybb, and Bach2os were significantly downregulated after TTFM treatment compared with untreated cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR demonstrated that TTFM extract treatment significantly increased Slc5a8 and Arhgap9 mRNA expression levels and significantly decreased Cybb mRNA expression levels. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of Bax and Casp9 were significantly increased after TTFM treatment in 4T1 cells compared with EpH4-Ev cells. These findings indicated anti-breast cancer activity via induction of the apoptotic process. However, further experiments are required to elucidate how TTFM specifically regulates genes and proteins. This study supports the potential usage of TTFM extracts for the development of anti-cancer drugs.


Xs: 7.5859156 Ys: 2.6644192 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Phytochemical, antioxidant, and trace element analysis of anthelmintic plants of north-east India abstract: Objective: Cynodon dactylon, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Elaeocarpus floribundus and Acorus calamus are anthelmintic medicinal plants of north-east India. Due to its pharmacological properties, the present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant and heavy metal content of the plants.
Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out for the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, proteins, and carbohydrates following standard protocols. The antioxidant potential of plants was studied by phosphomolybdate, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The heavy metal content was estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer 3110).
Results: The result showed that the alcoholic extracts of the plant sample contain high quantity of proteins, carbohydrates, phenolics, and flavonoids. Antioxidant assays revealed appreciable free radical scavenging potential. The total antioxidant activity was highest in E. floribundus (62.48±1.53 µg/mg extract) while C. dactylon showed lowest (34.00±0.32 µg/mg extract). Similarly, DPPH and FRAP study also showed high in E. floribundus and lowest in H. rosa-sinensis and A. calamus. Elemental analysis of the plant extracts showed a high content of Mn in all the plants while Co was found to be lowest. The tested plants showed low levels of toxic elements.
Conclusion: The high quantity of nutritional content and antioxidant property suggest that plants may be a good source of phytomedicine. Less quantity of toxic elements offers an opportunity to explore the medicinal application of the plants. However, further study needs to be carried out to know its mode of action.


Xs: 7.12914 Ys: 4.232217 Publish year: 2014 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Recent Advances in Applications of Encapsulation Technology for Bioprotection of Phytonutrients in Complex Food Systems abstract: Encapsulation can be used for many applications in food technology, including stabilizing core materials, controlling oxidative reactions, providing sustained or controlled release, masking flavours, colours or odours, extending shelf life and protecting components against nutritional loss. Brief descriptions of the various methods of encapsulation and the release mechanisms of the encapsulated core materials from the beads, microcapsules, microspheres, nanocapsules, nanospehres and emulsions are provided. Microcapsules and microspheres can be engineered to gradually release their active ingredients. As the wall matrix of microcapsules is designed to limit mass transfer between the core and the environment, it is important that core materials are non-porous to liquids and gases. There are three primary mechanisms by which active agents can be released from a delivery system: diffusion, degradation and swelling followed by diffusion. The encapsulation method should take into account potential interactions of the coating with other components within the body.


Xs: 6.711972 Ys: 2.1847534 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Ethnopharmacological properties and Nutraceutical potential of Moringa oleifera abstract: Background
Moringa oleifera Lam (family Moringaceae) is a plant innate to India and has now been cultivated in various other regions of the world. It is extensively grown for its highly nutritious plant parts as a source of various nutrients like proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients like carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, etc. It has been widely stimulated in the regions of chronic as a nutritional supplement for infants and children.

Methods
The search tools like Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were used for a thorough literature search till 2021.

Results
In this review, the diversified phytochemical profile and high therapeutically potential have been documented. The current review intends to present an updated comprehensive overview of this versatile plant's nutritional value, therapeutic components, and ethnopharmacological properties.

Conclusion
This plant has gained immense potential and increasing exploration as a nutraceutical. The ethnopharmacological properties of various compounds, along with their mode of action, are discussed briefly. Also, relevant pre-clinical and clinical trials are highlighted, which are in great demand and need further in-depth investigation in the future.


Xs: 7.2864337 Ys: 4.011545 Publish year: 2012 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: The Physicochemical Properties of Palm Oil and Its Components abstract: This chapter explains that an understanding of the physical properties of palm oil and its components is important for the application of the oil products in various food and non-food products. Some important physical properties of palm oil include solid fat content, viscosity, density, specific gravity, and refractive index. Research on phase transitions and polymorphism in palm oil has been also widely reported. In general, palm oil contains approximately 50% saturated fatty acids, 40% monounsaturated fatty acids, and 10% polyunsaturated fatty acids. Palm oil and its components are increasingly used in foods such as cooking oils, margarines, shortenings, and confectionery products. The versatility and adaptability of palm oil to different food applications is the result of its chemical composition. The product diversification in the palm oil industry requires substantial understanding of the physicochemical properties of the globally important edible oil.


Xs: 7.3292284 Ys: 3.523679 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Effect of pressure liquid extraction and ultrasonic irradiation frequency on inulin, phenolic content and antioxidant activity in burdock (Arctium lappa L.) roots abstract: Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) roots are traditionally used in folk medicine as diuretic and curing rheumatism,
gastritis, gout, throat pain, arthritis and rashes. These pharmacological properties are due to many bioactive
compounds such as flavonoids and fructooligosaccharides. Nowadays, the the application of “green” methods
for extraction of natural compounds gains more and more attention. The object of the current research was to
determine inulin and sugars content, phenolic content and antioxidant potential in 70% ethanol and water extracts
obtained by two “green“ extraction methods, namely pressure-liquid extraction and ultrasound-assisted
techniques. The content of total fructans, as well as inulin and sugars were analyzed by spectrophotometric
resorcinol-thiourea method and high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detection. Total
phenols and flavonoids were determined by Folin-Chiocalteu and Al(NO3
)3
reagents. Antioxidant activity
was evaluated by four reliable methods (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC). The established inulin content
varied from 0.27 to 4.0 g/100 g dw in prevalence of the ultrasound-assisted extract obtained with water. Additionally,
the established phenolic compounds content (from 10.35 to 18.16 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g
dw) and antioxidant activities demonstrated the burdock roots as potential source phytonutrients with health
beneficial properties.


Xs: 8.030778 Ys: 3.2645385 Publish year: 2024 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Nutritional and therapeutic potential of functional components of brown seaweed: A review abstract: Seaweed has a unique chemical composition with an abundance of bioactive substances. In Russia, brown seaweed grows in the coastal areas of the Pacific Ocean (Far East) and the seas of the Arctic Ocean. This review focuses on the therapeutic and nutritional potential of functional components of brown seaweed. It was based on a systematic analysis of research and review articles published from 2010 to 2023 and indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, and eLIBRARY.RU. Our particular interest was in seaweed’s bioactive components such as polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, vitamins, lipids and fatty acids, proteins, peptides, and amino acids. Compounds extracted from brown seaweed exhibit antioxidant, antiglycemic, antitumoral, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antibacterial, and immunostimulating properties. Brown seaweed and its derivatives are used as structural modifiers, antioxidants, preservatives, moisture-retaining agents, and sources of vitamins and minerals in the development of functional and preventive food products. They are also used as ingredients in meat, dairy, bakery and flour products, as well as in food additives and beverages, to provide potential health benefits and essential nutrients. Studies have proven the functional effectiveness of food products containing brown seaweed and its derivatives. The incorporation of seaweed components into functional foods could contribute to global food security. More research is needed to develop new competitive products based on seaweed and to investigate them for the presence of substances hazardous to humans and the environment.


Xs: 7.599967 Ys: 3.721587 Publish year: 2024 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as a source of betalains and phenolic compounds: Ultrasound extraction, microencapsulation, and evaluation of stability abstract: There is an increasing demand for natural pigments in food production, but challenges are related to the existence of matrices rich in these pigments, the optimization of extraction conditions and the preservation of pigments. Pitaya, the fruit of Hylocereus polyrhizus is considered a good source of betalains and phenolic compounds; therefore, they were extracted from its pulp by ultrasound-assisted extraction, the extract was encapsulated by spray drying, and the stability of the microencapsulated pitaya pulp extract (MPPE) was studied. MPPE showed satisfactory results of solubility, hygroscopicity, encapsulation efficiency and antioxidant activity. After 90 days of storage, MPPE showed reductions in betalains and phenolic compounds contents of only 14.28% and 11.88%, respectively, which indicates that the extract has great potential as an ingredient and/or functional pigment for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.


Xs: 4.7226367 Ys: 0.8380849 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Operational Management Implemented in Biofuel Upstream Supply Chain and Downstream International Trading: Current Issues in Southeast Asia abstract: Bioenergy is one of the alternatives to secure energy demand, despite increasing debate on the sustainability of using bioenergy as a renewable source. As the source is disseminated over a large area and affected by seasonality, the potential benefit is highly dependent on other cost and benefit trade-offs along the supply chain. This review paper aims to assess operational management research methods used in biofuel supply chain planning, including both upstream production and international downstream trading. There have been considerable operational management studies done on upstream processes in biofuel production based on different strategic and tactical decision making of a single or multiple feedstocks, considering economic and environmental factor. However, the environmental consideration is often limited to carbon emission where the other environmental impact such as land-use change, biodiversity loss, irrigation and fertilisation are often being overlooked. Biofuel supply chain and trading at international level remain as an apparent research potential where only limited numbers of global energy models explicitly simulate international bioenergy trade. The leading biofuel producing countries in Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand, are selected as a case study to investigate further on how the supply chain management model could be applied considering the existing biofuel support policies. This study is expected to contribute to the selection of operational management research methods used for decision making under robust policy context, followed by several recommendations.


Xs: 7.4511604 Ys: 4.0815363 Publish year: 2016 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Separation of Carotenes and Vitamin E from Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Silica from Agricultural Waste as an Adsorbent abstract: Palm oil mill effluent (POME) was characterized. The effluent had low nitrogen with high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). 6,500 mg/L of oil (78 % of oil recovery) was recovered from 1 L of POME using n-hexane. 70 and 71 % of BOD and COD in POME were significantly reduced after oil recovery. The carotenes and vitamin E concentration from recovered oil were 580 and 160 ppm, respectively. α-carotene and β-carotene were presented as a major component in oil. Afterward, carotenes and vitamin E in oil were concentrated by adsorption chromatography using either rice hull silica or rice straw silica as adsorbents. After oil recovery, 4.60 g/L oil was obtained with high concentrations of carotenes (5,590 ppm) and vitamin E (630 ppm). Rice hull silica (RSH) had a higher capability to recover carotenes and vitamin E than rice straw silica (RSS) did. The recovery of carotenes and vitamin E using RSH were 70.77 and 11.88 % recovery, respectively. The carotene and vitamin E recovery method using RHS developed in this work has potential applications in the palm oil industry.


Xs: 7.739812 Ys: 2.660053 Publish year: 2020 keyword: thai__phytonutrients_sources source: Thai title: Pomegranate as a source of bioactive constituents: a review on their characterization, properties and applications abstract: Increasing awareness about the use of compounds obtained from natural sources exerting healthbeneficial properties, including antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, led to increased number of
research papers focusing on the study of functional properties of target compounds to be used as
functional foods or in preventive medicine. Pomegranate has shown positive health properties
due to the presence of bioactive constituents such as polyphenols, tannins, and anthocyanins.
Punicalagin is the major antioxidant, abundantly found in pomegranate’s peel. Research has
shown that pomegranate polyphenols not only have a strong antioxidant capacity but they also
inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria like V. cholera, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, B. cereus, E.
coli, and S. virulence factor, and inhibits fungi such as A. Ochraceus, and P. citrinum. Compounds of
natural origin inhibit the growth of various pathogens by extending the shelf life of foodstuffs
and assuring their safety. Therefore, the need to find compounds to be used in combination with
antibiotics or as new antimicrobial sources, such as plant extracts. On the basis of the above discussion, this review focuses on the health benefits of pomegranate, by summarizing the current
body of research focusing on pomegranate bioactive constituents and their therapeutic potential
against some pathogenic microbes


Xs: 6.0886083 Ys: 2.4930487 Publish year: 2014 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrients as therapeutic agents abstract: Abstract Nutrients present in various foods plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of the human body. The major nutrients present in foods include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Besides these, there are some bioactive food components known as "phytonutrients" that play an important role in human health. They have tremendous impact on the health care system and may provide medical health benefits including the prevention and/or treatment of disease and various physiological disorders. Phytonutrients play a positive role by maintaining and modulating immune function to prevent specific diseases. Being natural products, they hold a great promise in clinical therapy as they possess no side effects that are usually associated with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. They are also comparatively cheap and thus significantly reduce health care cost. Phytonutrients are the plant nutrients with specific biological activities that support human health. Some of the important bioactive phytonutrients include polyphenols, terpenoids, resveratrol, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, carotenoids, limonoids, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, phytosterols, anthocyanins, ω-3 fatty acids, and probiotics. They play specific pharmacological effects in human health such as anti-microbial, anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-spasmodic, anti-cancer, anti-aging, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, hypotensive, diabetes, osteoporosis, CNS stimulant, analgesic, protection from UVB-induced carcinogenesis, immuno-modulator, and carminative. This mini-review attempts to summarize the major important types of phytonutrients and their role in promoting human health and as therapeutic agents along with the current market trend and commercialization.


Xs: 5.3680925 Ys: 2.5025616 Publish year: 2019 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Perspective: The Role of Beverages as a Source of Nutrients and Phytonutrients abstract: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide nutrition advice for Americans >2 y of age. The 2020-2025 DGA proposes a life stage approach, focusing on birth through older adulthood. Limited recommendations for beverages exist except for milk, 100% fruit juice, and alcohol. The goal of this article is to provide a better understanding of the role of beverages in the diet using current scientific evidence. A Medline search of observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses was undertaken using key beverage words. We highlight the role beverages can play as a part of the DGA and considered beverages not traditionally included, such as those that are phytonutrient dense. Our primary consideration for beverage consumption targeted healthy Americans aged ≥2 y. However, with the proposed expansion to the life span for the 2020-2025 DGA, we also reviewed evidence for infants and toddlers from birth to 24 mo. Examples are provided on how minor changes in beverage choices aid in meeting recommended intakes of certain nutrients. Guidance on beverage consumption may aid in development of better consumer products to meet broader dietary advice. For example, beverage products that are nutrient/phytonutrient dense and lower in sugar could be developed as alternatives to 100% juice to help meet the fruit and vegetable guidelines. Although beverages are not meant to replace foods, e.g., it is difficult to meet the requirements for vitamin E, dietary fiber, or essential fatty acids through beverages alone, beverages are important sources of nutrients and phytonutrients, phenolic acids and flavonoids in particular. When considering the micronutrients from diet alone, mean intakes of calcium (in women), potassium, and vitamins A, C, and D are below recommendations and sodium intakes are well above. Careful beverage choices could close these gaps and be considered a part of a healthy dietary pattern.


Xs: 6.2465854 Ys: 2.1722007 Publish year: 2017 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Important Plant-Based Phytonutrients abstract: In the days before the advent of science, human beings were completely dependent upon Mother Nature for every single aspect of their lives: be it food, shelter or health. Every aspect of natural resources including plants would prove useful to our pre-historic ancestors for the maintenance of their health. However, not enough useful information regarding the practise of medicine in the pre-historic age is available as the bodies were found to be almost completely destroyed at the time of excavations; so further investigation is necessary to unveil the mysteries of pre-historic medicine. But with the progress of human civilization, we come across drastic changes in this field of science. The ancient crude means of medication gave way to more rational drug therapies. Use of charms and amulets for driving out evil spirits off the body (looked upon as the cause for diseases) was overshadowed by modern scientific theories. From the writings in the papyrus or scientific treatises composed during the time of different civilizations of the world, one can clearly see the evolutionary steps taken by medical science. But nevertheless, nature has never been forsaken from the aspect of human health. Even with the invention of technologies used for synthesis of chemicals to be used in syrups or tablets, herbal products too have been an inseparable part of modern day medicine. This review will discuss the issues of plant-based phytonutrients such as nutraceuticals, functional foods and value-added food products: what they are and their applications in human health from a global perspective.


Xs: 2.9591918 Ys: 3.819013 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrients: Sources, bioavailability, interaction with gut microbiota, and their impacts on human health abstract: Phytonutrients are natural bioactive components present in the daily diet that can exert a positive impact on human health. Studies have shown that phytonutrients may act as antioxidants and improve metabolism after being ingested, which help to regulate physiological processes and prevent metabolic disorders and diseases. However, their efficacy is limited by their low bioavailability. The gut microbiota is symbiotic with humans and its abundance and profile are related to most diseases. Interestingly, studies have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with the metabolism of phytonutrients by converting them into small molecules that can be absorbed by the body, thereby enhancing their bioavailability. Furthermore, phytonutrients can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, and therefore improve the host's health. Here, we focus on uncovering the mechanisms by which phytonutrients and gut microbiota play roles in health, and the interrelationships between phytonutrients and gut microbiota were summarized. We also reviewed the studies that reported the efficacy of phytonutrients in human health and the future directions.


Xs: 5.507956 Ys: 2.241832 Publish year: 2013 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Dietary Intake of Phytonutrients in Relation to Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Korea abstract: The purpose of this study was to provide baseline data for health policy creation by estimating phytonutrient intake and identifying major food sources of phytonutrients. Dietary recall data collected in the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and phytonutrient database of the Korea National Academy of Agricultural Science were used in this study. The proportions of the population satisfying recommended dietary guidelines for fruits and vegetables were estimated, and phytonutrient intake was compared between populations who consumed the recommended intake and those who did not. The study found that 5.3% of subjects satisfied the recommended fruit and vegetable intake. In particular, the proportions of adolescents (13 to 18 years of age) and young adults (19 to 39 years of age) meeting the recommended fruit and vegetable intake were lower than other age groups (P<0.001). Intakes of major carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene), flavonoids (anthocyanidins, hesperitin, quercetin, catechin, and isoflavones), and one phenolic compound (gallic acid) were significantly higher (P<0.001) among subjects who met the recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption compared with those who did not. Carrots, sweet potatoes, squash, tomatoes, and watermelons were found to be major sources of carotenoids. Flavonoids were mainly obtained from persimmons, mandarins, apples, grapes, onions, soybeans, and chestnuts. However, one or two food items contributed to nearly all intake of each phytonutrient, suggesting a lack of variety. In conclusion, the Korean population needs to consume a larger quantity and variety of fruits and vegetables.


Xs: 5.414886 Ys: 2.252696 Publish year: 2012 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrient Intake by Adults in the United States in Relation to Fruit and Vegetable Consumption abstract: Individuals consuming diets dense in fruits and vegetables consume an array of phytonutrients as well as recognized nutritional components, including vitamins, minerals, and fiber. There is a growing body of evidence that phytonutrients may play positive roles in health.
The purpose of this research was to estimate usual intakes of nine individual phytonutrients by Americans consuming recommended levels of fruits and vegetables compared to intakes by adults not meeting these recommendations, and to identify contributions of food sources to total phytonutrient intakes. The phytonutrients examined in this study are found predominantly in fruits and vegetables.
Food consumption data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2003-2006 and phytonutrient concentration data from US Department of Agriculture databases and the published literature were used to estimate energy-adjusted usual intakes. Student's t tests were used to compare mean energy-adjusted phytonutrient intakes between subpopulations who consumed recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables vs those who did not. Percentage contributions of each phytonutrient by food source were estimated for all adults.
Energy-adjusted intakes of all phytonutrients other than ellagic acid were considerably higher among both men and women meeting dietary recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes compared to those not meeting the recommendations; energy-adjusted intakes of ellagic acid were higher only among women meeting vs not meeting the recommendations. For five of the nine phytonutrients (α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, hesperetin, and ellagic acid), a single food accounted for 64% or more of the total intake of the phytonutrient.
Energy-adjusted intakes of carotenoids and flavonoids are higher among men and women whose diets conform to dietary guidance for fruits and vegetables. A limited number of foods provide the majority of these phytonutrients. Findings from this research provide important reference information on the phytonutrient contributions of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.


Xs: 5.837519 Ys: 3.0507634 Publish year: 2003 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: The role of antioxidant phytonutrients in the prevention of diseases abstract: The authors investigated the in vitro antioxidant properties of nine selected flavonoid aglycons, namely quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, apigenin, luteolin, daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A. The in vitro antioxidant power of flavonoids basically depends on their chemical structure. The concentration of those flavonoids in vegetables and fruits frequently consumed in Hungary was examined by a RP-HPLC method. Referring to the total flavonoid content, rich sources were onions, parsnip, spinach, different parts of celery, and lentils. Among the fruits berries were very rich sources of flavonoids (blackberry, red current). The flavonoid intake was estimated in two groups, first included more than 500 schoolboys and girls aged 12-15 years, and the second group was about 200 healthy adults aged 25-60 years. The average dietary flavonoid intake of the children and the adults was 19.5±26.6 and 18.8±28.9 mg/day, respectively. The flavonoid intake showed high differences among the subjects. The consumption of flavonoids in the children's group was from 0 to 179 mg/day, and in the adults¢ group from 0.5 to 310 mg/day. Although two groups in our study did not represent exactly the total Hungarian population it is supposed that the average daily flavonoid intake of the population is not different from these data. The estimated Hungarian intake is very similar to that of others published in the literature.


Xs: 6.082171 Ys: 2.8237867 Publish year: 2019 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Development of new food products based on phytonutrients abstract: Vegetables and fruits own a range of phytonutrients in addition to their minerals, vitamins and dietary fibers. Studies on phytonutrients have demonstrated that almost all of them have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities along with immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, hormone regulation, signal transduction and nerve conduction effects. The well-known antioxidant phytochemicals responsible for color in vegetables and fruits are anthocyanidines and carotenoids such as beta-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, neoxanthin, and violaxanthin. On the other hand, the flavonoid derivative polyphenols are mainly found in apples, berries, citrus fruits, tea, onions, Gingko biloba, olive oil, cocoa, chocolate, grapes and red wine. Nuts and seeds have higher phytosterols content among other snacks and also have an acceptable fatty acid profile. Dietary profile of the dairy products shows the high content of calcium, iodine, phosphorus, protein, vitamins A and B12 and riboflavin. Ice cream, sherbet, frozen yogurt, ice milk, frozen custard, ices, sorbet, tofuti and imitation ice cream (mellorine or parevine types) are typical and common frozen foods, but they have their own unique property and nutritional implications. Moreover, fat is important for organism’s health and is a major source of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. In the body lipoprotein particles transport fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K so as to preserve vital body functions. Soy food products provide organisms with omega-3 fatty acid, in addition to their high protein content. Seafood is essential source of nutrients especially high-quality proteins. Generally, it is an important source of essential amino acids with a higher biological value (BV) and protein efficiency ratios (PER) compared to other protein present in the diets. Therefore, the current trend of utilizing micronutrients and phytochemicals in ready-made meals and other processed foods is important to improve the dietary content of the food item and to protect the public health against malnutrition and diseases.


Xs: 7.2961397 Ys: 3.9372923 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: A comparison of conventional and novel phytonutrient extraction techniques from various sources and their potential applications abstract: The phytonutrient extract helps in the development and manufacturing of nutraceuticals and food additives. Some of these secondary metabolites, such as polyphenol, anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids, phytosterols, terpenoids, and others, are extracted from plants. These phytonutrients provide many health benefits like prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, atherosclerosis, certain cancers, and diabetes. Traditional extraction methods such as Soxhlet, maceration, decoction, percolation and infusions are still used, but significant improvements can be made by using novel or greener extraction methods, including accelerated solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction. Once extracted, these phytonutrients can be utilised in the cosmetic, nutraceuticals, pharmaceutical, or food industries, with the later focusing on improving food quality. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various techniques used in the extraction and isolation of phytonutrients. Additionally, this article describes the advantages, disadvantages, practical examples, and a comparative study of these processes.


Xs: 4.965046 Ys: 2.5882204 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrients in the management of lipids metabolism abstract: Lipids a source of energy and can also be stored in body cells for proper cellular functions. Defects in lipid metabolism can lead to a wide range of metabolic disorders. A number of risk factors are generally responsible for the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and subsequently the development of metabolic diseases. In this chapter, the pathophysiology of several lipid-metabolism-related diseases has been discussed, and the therapeutic potential of different phytochemicals or plant-derived phytonutrients in managing these disorders are highlighted. There are several medicinal secondary metabolites, which could be highly significant to manage the lipid profile and prevent the development of serious outcomes of lipid-metabolism abnormalities such as hyperchylomicronemia, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, cancer, obesity, insulin sensitivity, and resistance. Many phytonutrients isolated from fruits, vegetables, and plant sources have presented their broad spectrum of medicinal activities to modulate metabolic processes and are also involved in lipid metabolism and the management of cholesterol levels in body. Bioactive compounds such as small molecular phytonutrients from natural sources have suggested prospective treatments against lipid-metabolism-related abnormalities and have been defined in this chapter. Considering diverse physiochemical properties and therapeutic value of phytonutrients, it is highly recommended to introduce more vegetables, and fruits in the dietary regimen to intake food containing fewer fats and high fibers so that it could significantly aid the management of lipid-metabolism-related diseases.


Xs: 6.9964094 Ys: 3.8561566 Publish year: 2010 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Health promoting effects of phytonutrients found in palm oil abstract: The oil palm tree, Elaeis guineesis, is the source of palm oil, otherwise known as the "tropical golden oil". To date, Malaysia and Indonesia are the leading producers of palm oil. Palm oil is widely used for domestic cooking in Malaysia. Palm oil is a rich source of phytonutrients such as tocotrienols, tocopherol, carotene, phytosterols, squalene, coenzyme Q10, polyphenols, and phospholipids. Although the phytonutrients constitute only about 1% of its weight in crude palm oil, these are the main constituents through which palm oil exhibits its nutritional properties. Among the major health promoting properties shown to be associated with the various types of phytonutrients present in palm oil are anti-cancer, cardio-protection and anti-angiogenesis, cholesterol inhibition, brain development and neuro protective properties, antioxidative defence mechanisms, provitamin A activity and anti-diabetes.


Xs: 6.1943574 Ys: 2.4815445 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Therapeutic Utilization of Bioactive Compounds and Phytochemicals: A Current Scenario and Future Prospective abstract: Bioactive compounds are compounds that are naturally extracted from plants and microbes. They are designated as energy-dense molecules because they play an important role in the normal functions and metabolic pathways of life. Not all bioactive compounds have positive impacts on pathways, and some have negative consequences as well. It has been observed that these derived bioactive compounds possess remarkable characteristics such as healing, anti-cancerous, anti-oxidant, etc. Phytochemicals are the bioactive compounds that are present in foods and possess the ability to interfere positively with the metabolism of human health. They have been classified as alkaloids, terpenoids, phytosteroides, resve-ratrol, and cardiac glycosides. It has been observed that these bioactive compounds are the center of attraction in the drug discovery areas which are utilized against various diseases as plants and microbes are exploited for the extraction of bioactive compounds.


Xs: 7.336821 Ys: 4.079339 Publish year: 2020 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Recent development and challenges in extraction of phytonutrients from palm oil abstract: Phytonutrients are plant‐derived bioactives which are widely utilized as colorants or supplements in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. To meet the global demand for phytonutrients, oil palm has emerged as a promising source of phytonutrients on account of its large‐scale plantation worldwide and high oil productivity. Phytonutrients including carotenoids, tocols, sterols, squalene, phospholipids, coenzyme Q10, and polyphenols can be found in crude palm oil as well as in the byproducts (e.g. palm oil mill effluent and palm‐pressed fiber oil) generated from the palm oil milling process. However, the high viscosity and semisolid properties of palm oil are problematic in phytonutrient extraction. Another major challenge is the retention of the sensitive phytonutrients during the extraction process. Over the years, the advances in the extraction methods have improved the extractability of phytonutrients. The emerging extraction methods can operate under mild conditions to mitigate the risk of phytonutrient degradation. This review outlines the types of phytonutrient in palm oil and their extraction strategies. The working principles and operating conditions of extraction methods are discussed along with their potential and limitations in terms of extraction efficiency and practicability. The methods for pretreatment of feedstocks for improving extraction efficiency are also highlighted. The challenges in the extraction of phytonutrient from palm oil feedstock are summarized. Lastly, we provide suggestions for overcoming the limitations and improving the performances of phytonutrient extraction.


Xs: 6.731115 Ys: 3.3314378 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Contribution of edible flowers to the Mediterranean diet: Phytonutrients, bioactivity evaluation and applications abstract: The Mediterranean diet is acknowledged to be the healthiest dietary pattern around the world, mainly based on plant foods from the rich Mediterranean flora. It is also known to increase longevity and have positive effects on chronic diseases. This review aimed to investigate the knowledge about the use and consumption of edible flowers as part of the Mediterranean cuisine, based on ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies especially from the last 10 years, and highlight their uses as a nutritious and functional food. In this review, a total of 32 edible flower species used in the Mediterranean diet were listed with their phytochemical composition, edible applications, bioactive properties, and dose, highlighting their nutritional contribution to the Mediterranean diet as well as their health effects. Edible flowers are consumed and widely contribute to the health‐promoting properties of the Mediterranean diet through being good sources of macro and micronutrients that enhance the nutritive value of Mediterranean dishes and foods, as well as providing more phytonutrients. Based on this, Mediterranean dishes have the remarkable characteristics of being conducive to mitochondrial health and anti‐metabolic diseases. The functional components in edible flowers are clarified here, which might be considered as a new factor for rational diet, natural product development, and medical improvement. This review aimed to investigate the knowledge about the use and consumption of edible flowers as part of the Mediterranean cuisine, based on ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies especially from the last 10 years, and highlight their uses as a nutritious and functional food. In this review, a total of 32 edible flower species used in the Mediterranean diet were listed with their phytochemical composition, edible applications, bioactive properties, and dose, highlighting their nutritional contribution to the Mediterranean diet as well as their health effects.


Xs: 6.2606144 Ys: 3.0668435 Publish year: 2006 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Controlled atmosphere preserves quality and phytonutrients in wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) abstract: Leaves of wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) are increasingly eaten alone or as part of mixed salads. This species contains a wide range of health-promoting phytonutrients including vitamin C and flavonoids. The effect of controlled atmosphere (CA) containing low oxygen and high carbon dioxide on the sensory and microbiological quality, flavonoids, vitamin C (ascorbic acid + dehydroascorbic acid; AA + DHAA) and antioxidant capacity evaluated by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays was studied. Rocket leaves stored in air were compared with those kept in 5 kPa O2 + 5 kPa CO2, 5 kPa O2 + 10 kPa CO2 and enriched air with 10 kPa CO2 for up to 14 days at 4 °C. After 10 days, the sensory and microbiological quality of samples stored in air were not commercially acceptable. On the contrary, CA of 5 kPa O2 + 10 kPa CO2 maintained visual quality and controlled aerobic mesophilic and psychrotropic microorganisms as well as coliforms. The total flavonoid content of wild rocket was approximately 100 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight and remained constant during storage or even increased at the end of the shelf-life in CA, but it was degraded in those samples kept in air. In addition, AA was transformed into DHAA during storage, and the total content of vitamin C was higher in CA-stored samples than those kept in air. A decrease in the total antioxidant capacity was observed during storage and it was particularly marked in samples stored in air. A positive correlation was demonstrated between antioxidant capacity and vitamin C content, whereas a poor correlation was observed with total phenolics. Our data indicate that wild rocket leaves has potential as a good dietary source of phytonutrients when stored under optimal conditions.


Xs: 6.1036215 Ys: 2.356532 Publish year: 2014 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrients and nutraceuticals in vegetables and their multi-dimensional medicinal and health benefits for humans and their companion animals: A review abstract: At present, almost every third person in the society is under stress and having chronic disorders like diabetes, arthritis, allergy, cardiovascular disease, fatigue and even cancer. Recently, there is decline in the physical and mental capabilities along with the social values. So this certainly should raise the alarms as to why such deterioration is taking place in the society or what are the changes in the lifestyle that might have a role direct/indirect in evolution of such changes? Vegetable is an immense store of active chemical compounds and considered as the cheapest and most easily available sources of carbohydrate, fiber, proteins, vitamins, minerals and amino acids. The intake of green and leafy vegetables lowers the risk of chronic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, anemia, cancer, oxidative stress, diabetes, weight gain etc. In recent time, vegetables have also been identified as safe and economic expression system for producing the recombinant proteins including the vaccines against many infectious diseases like hepatitis B, malaria, rotavirus, HIV, Helicobacter pylori, pestedes petits ruminants etc. However, besides the beneficial effect, contaminated and raw vegetables harbors pesticide residues and many pathogenic microbes viz., norovirus, Salmonella, E. coli, Shigella, Listeria monocytogens and also prove to be an excellent source of disease outbreaks. The present review highlights the phytonutrients and neutraceuticals in fruits and vegetables; their medicinal and health benefits for humans and their domestic as well as companion animals along with their fruitful practical applications and perspectives like bioreactor for producing vaccine along with the methods that can increase their nutritional benefits.


Xs: 6.006167 Ys: 2.8223717 Publish year: 2019 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Potato Vitamins, Minerals and Phytonutrients from a Plant Biology Perspective abstract: As the link between diet and health becomes increasingly characterized, the nutritional value of foods is being increasingly prioritized by the public. This can create both challenges and opportunities for plant breeding programs and food processing companies. This review will focus on the nutritional composition of potatoes and examine the role potatoes can play in providing global food security. The amounts of vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients in potatoes vary tremendously depending on the cultivar and are also influenced by environment. Potatoes are well known to be good sources of potassium and vitamin C. They also contain an array of other bioactives, including high amounts of phenylpropanoids, compounds known to have diverse health-promoting roles in humans. While potatoes already contain generous amounts of various phytonutrients, by taking advantage of the available extensive germplasm resources, future cultivars can be further improved and provide additional options that help satisfy rapidly evolving consumer preferences and changing market demands.


Xs: 6.815898 Ys: 2.1092904 Publish year: 2006 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Effect of season and production location on antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaves grown in Pakistan abstract: Antioxidant activity (AA) of methanolic extracts from Moringa oleifera leaves, as function of seasons and agroclimatic locations, was investigated. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ascorbic acid (AAcid) content , reducing power, AA in linoleic acid system and scavenging power of superoxide anion radical were taken as parameters for evaluation of AA. Significant differences were observed in the AA of the extracts from different locations and seasons. Generally, samples from Mardaan exhibited highest AA followed by Balakot, Chakwal, Jamshoro, and Nawabshah. Overall antioxidant efficacy was greater in December or March depending upon location, and least in June. Antioxidant potential of M. oleifera leaves from Pakistan was quite comparable or higher than literature values for M. oleifera from other countries and some other potent antioxidants. This work shows that season and agroclimatic locations have profound effect on the AA of M. oleifera leaves.


Xs: 7.2684464 Ys: 4.1326423 Publish year: 2016 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Ethyl lactate as a potential green solvent to extract hydrophilic(polar) and lipophilic(non-polar) phytonutrients simultaneously from fruit and vegetable by-products abstract: Phytonutrients extracted from natural resources are receiving much attention among researchers due to their highly antioxidative characteristics which prevent several degenerative diseases including cardiovascular diseases and cancers. These nutraceutical compounds can be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as natural antioxidants, preservatives, colourants and functional foods. Huge volume of food wastes are generated from the processing
industry and these low-value food residues are rich in various phytonutrients worth recovering. This approach of valorisation reduces the generation of food wastes and is cost-effective considering the cheap feedstock, reduced waste management expenses and high market value of extracted compounds. In light of the health and safety risks posed by commonly used organic extraction solvents derived from the petrochemical industry, there is a need to recover the phytonutrients using green, sustainable and efficient solvents that are safe for human consumption. This work discusses ethyl lactate as a safe, green, efficient and potentially cheap solvent to recover phytonutrients from fruit and vegetable by-products. Ethyl lactate is compared with other organic solvents commonly used from the aspects of safety, environmental impacts and efficiency. Current challenges when employing ethyl lactate are also discussed.


Xs: 6.555421 Ys: 3.2814796 Publish year: 2022 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Antioxidant and phytonutrient activities of Spirulina platensis abstract: Increasing the consumption of natural substances has increased the demand for biological sources such as Spirulina platensis. The study quantitatively investigates the antioxidant potential and phytonutrient contents in aqueous and ethanol extracts of spirulina. The spirulina was collected from a local farm near Pondicherry and mass cultured in our research laboratory. The spirulina biomass was evaluated for antioxidant potential viz. catalase, SOD, GPx, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and reduced GSH; phytonutrients contents like total phenol, flavonoid, tannin, carbohydrates, and proteins in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of spirulina. Significant enzymatic antioxidant activity was observed for ethanolic extract. However, aqueous extracts were higher for catalase, SOD, and GPx activity. The same trend was observed for non-enzymatic activities. Total phenol, flavonoid, and tannin content were observed and high in aqueous extract. However, protein and carbohydrate content were higher in ethanolic extract. We observed a significant change in antioxidant activity and phytonutrient content in ethanolic extract than in aqueous extracts. The strong antioxidant property and higher phytonutrient contents of spirulina can play a vital role in the dietary supplement and combating malnutrition.


Xs: 5.112942 Ys: 2.4082997 Publish year: 2023 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: A Comprehensive Review of Phytonutrients as a Dietary Therapy for Obesity abstract: Obesity is a complex medical condition mainly caused by eating habits, genetics, lifestyle, and medicine. The present study deals with traditional diets like the Mediterranean diet, Nordic diet, African Heritage diet, Asian diet, and DASH, as these are considered to be sustainable diets for curing obesity. However, the bioavailability of phytonutrients consumed in the diet may vary, depending on several factors such as digestion and absorption of phytonutrients, interaction with other substances, cooking processes, and individual differences. Hence, several phytochemicals, like polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, etc., have been investigated to assess their efficiencies and safety in the prevention and treatment of obesity. These phytochemicals have anti-obesity effects, mediated via modulation of many pathways, such as decreased lipogenesis, lipid absorption, accelerated lipolysis, energy intake, expenditure, and preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation. Owing to these anti-obesity effects, new food formulations incorporating these phytonutrients were introduced that can be beneficial in reducing the prevalence of obesity and promoting public health.


Xs: 4.4687033 Ys: 2.4313889 Publish year: 2021 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Interplay between ceramides and phytonutrients: New insights in metabolic syndrome abstract: Background
Ceramides are a novel biomarker for numerous obesity-associated disorders such as type II diabetes mellitus (T2D) and atherosclerosis. Ceramides were considered as a relatively homogeneous class of sphingolipids. Ceramides generally have a wide length of the fatty acyl chain that take part in different metabolic processes. Modulation of ceramide synthesis in certain cellular components along with its metabolism has a significant influence on metabolic homeostasis.

Scope and approach
In this review, major role of ceramides in metabolic syndrome and the ability of certain phytonutrients to manage ceramides levels have been discussed. Ceramides act as an intracellular signaling molecules that affect the metabolism through different pathways such as adiposity linkage, insulin resistance and cardiometabolic syndrome. In addition, phytonutrients are novel therapeutic agents that may lower plasma ceramide levels involved in metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, relationship between ceramides and metabolic syndrome with regards to ceramide modulation and effect of bioactive phytonutrients in regulating the ceramides levels in relation to obesity-associated disorders is also elucidated.

Key findings and conclusions
The unique structure enables ceramides to function both as structural membrane components and signaling molecules Accumulation of ceramides and their coalescence in sphingolipid-rich domains can influence cell signaling by clustering receptors. As sum of all the ceramide species present in cells usually range from 0.1 to 1.0% of total phospholipids yet may have high affinity targets. Different ceramides species usually with long n-acyl chains have been implicated in pathophysiologic processes and disease progression. Ceramides slowed lipolysis, inhibited glucose uptake, and decreased mitochondrial respiration. Certain cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukins (ILs) such as IL-1b and adiponectin, activate the sphingomyelinase enzymes. Besides inflammatory signals, ceramide production is often stimulated by oxidative stress. From literature, lipidomic analysis revealed that nutritional intervention (consuming plant-based foods as a source of phytonutrients) can help in lowering the circulating ceramides especially C16:0 and C24:0 ceramides, a potential known inhibitor of insulin signaling. However, exact mechanism of different phytonutrients involved in ceramide modulation needs to be understood at molecular level for gaining more insights at their mechanistic mode of action.


Xs: 5.5769706 Ys: 2.4800267 Publish year: 2021 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Roles of plant‐based ingredients and phytonutrients in canine nutrition and health abstract: Dogs possess the ability to obtain essential nutrients, established by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), from both animal- and plant-based ingredients. There has been a recent increase in the popularity of diets that limit or completely exclude certain plant-based ingredients. Examples of these diets include ‘ancestral’ or ‘evolutionary’ diets, raw meat-based diets and grain-free diets. As compared to animal sources, plant-derived ingredients (including vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, nuts and seeds) provide many non-essential phytonutrients with some data suggesting they confer health benefits. This review aims to assess the strength of current evidence on the relationship between the consumption of plant-based foods and phytonutrients (such as plant-derived carotenoids, polyphenols and phytosterols) and biomarkers of health and diseases (such as body weight/condition, gastrointestinal health, immune health, cardiovascular health, visual function and cognitive function) from clinical trials and epidemiological studies. This review highlights the potential nutritional and health benefits of including plant-based ingredients as a part of balanced canine diets. We also highlight current research gaps in existing studies and provide future research directions to inform the impact of incorporating plant-based ingredients in commercial or home-prepared diets.


Xs: 5.4832454 Ys: 2.116537 Publish year: 2009 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Awareness and knowledge of phytonutrient food sources and health benefits for functional food application among health food store customers in the Cape Town city bowl abstract: Fitonutriënte speel ‘n belangrike rol in die verwantskap
tussen dieet en die voorkoming van chroniese degeneratiewe siektes. Dié wetenskaplike gegewens bied die voedselindustrie die geleentheid om funksionele voedsels te ontwikkel wat fitonutriënte beklemtoon. Verbruikers wat onbekend met fitonutriënte is, bemoeilik suksesvolle bemarking van sulke
funksionele voedsels omdat dit ‘n verbruiker met kennis en begrip van dieet en gesondheid vereis. Die voedselindustrie behoort sulke voedselontwikkeling te weerhou totdat verbruikers voldoende kennis en begrip van fitonutriënte het vir oorgang van
gewildheid na suksesvolle bemarking in die evolusie
van verbruikersaanvaarding.
Omdat Suid-Afrika ‘n ontluikende mark vir funksionele
voedsels is, het die studie die volgende verken:
1) Bewustheid van die term “fitonutriënte” en spesifieke fitonutriente soos beta-karoteen, isoflavone, fitoestrogene, likopeen, kwersitin, antosianiene, limonoïede en allielsulfiede; 2) Kennis van die voedselbron en die verwante gesondheidsvoordeel
van spesifieke fitonutriënte; en 3) Of die bewustheid
en kennis van die aanbevole daaglikse groente en vrugte inname porsies en hul werklike inname verband hou met die bewustheid van die term “fitonutriënte”. Die opname is gedoen onder verbruikers wat twee gesondheidswinkels in die stadskom van
Kaapstad besoek het. ‘n Onderliggende doel van die studie was om te bevestig of die deelnemers as gesondheidsbewuste verbruikers beskou kon word in die aanname gemaak dat dié groep persone moontlik bekend is met die onderwerp.
Die deelnemers moes ‘n voorafgetoetste self-geadministreerde
vraelys voltooi. Een honderd en twaalf persone, 79,5% van die persone wat uitgenooi is, het deelgeneem.
Sowat ‘n derde van die deelnemers (36,6% en 33%
onderskeidelik) was bewus van die term “fitonutriënte” en die “5-‘n-Dag” konsep. Meer deelnemers het die betekenis van die konsep (21,4%) as fitonutriënte (4,5%) korrek aangedui. Die deelnemers was die meeste bewus van die fitonutrient beta-karoteen (88,4%), terwyl allielsulfiede die minste bekend
was (5,4%). Die deelnemers was meer bekend met die voedselbronne as die gesondheidsvoordele van fitonutriënte. Brokkoli is die voedsel wat deur die meeste van die deelnemers (75,6%) aangedui is as ‘n ryk fitonutrient bron. Meer deelnemers
wat bewus is van die term “fitonutriënte”, kon die daaglikse aantal aanbevole groente porsies korrek aandui (58,5%), as diegene wat dit nie ken nie (40,8%). Dit is nie ten opsigte van die aantal vrugte porsies gevind nie. Meer deelnemers wat
die term “fitonutriënte” ken, eet die aanbevole daaglikse
aantal porsies groente (22%) en vrugte (73,2%) as deelnemers wat onbewus van die term is (9,9% en 60,6% onderskeidelik). Die meerderheid deelnemers wat die term “fitonutriënte” en die
spesifieke fitonutriënte ken gebruik dieetsupplemente.
Hulle kan dus as gesondheidsbewuste verbruikers beskou word.
Omdat die deelnemers wat gesondheidsbewus is, slegs beperkte kennis van sommige van die fitonutriënte en hul voedselbronne en gesondheidsvoordele getoon het, behoort die Suid-Afrikaanse voedselindustrie omsigtig te wees in die ontwikkeling van funksionele voedsels wat fitonutriënte beklemtoon. Die algemene publiek sal waarskynlik minder
bewus en ingelig wees as die deelnemers aan die studie. Aansienlike blootstelling is gevolglik nodig om die belang van fitonutriënte in gesondheid en siekte voorkoming bekend te stel.


Xs: 5.445519 Ys: 2.283085 Publish year: 2014 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Phytonutrient intakes in relation to European fruit and vegetable consumption patterns observed in different food surveys abstract: Fruit and vegetables make an important contribution to health, partly due to the composition of phytonutrients, such as carotenoids and polyphenols. The aim of the present study was to quantify the intake of fruit and vegetables across different European countries using food consumption data of increasing complexity: food balance sheets (FBS); the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Comprehensive Database; individual food consumption data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). Across Europe, the average consumption of fruit and vegetables ranged from 192 to 824��g/d (FBS data). Based on EFSA data, nine out of fourteen countries consumed <��400��g/d (recommended by the WHO), although even in the highest-consuming countries such as Spain, 36��% did not reach the target intake. In the UK, the average consumption of fruit and vegetables was 310��g/d (NDNS data). Generally, phytonutrient intake increased in accordance with fruit and vegetable intake across all European countries with the exception of lycopene (from tomatoes), which appeared to be higher in some countries that consumed less fruit and vegetables. There were little differences in the average intake of flavanols, flavonols and lycopene in those who did or did not meet the 400��g/d recommendation in the UK. However, average intakes of carotenoid, flavanone, anthocyanidin and ellagic acid were higher in those who consumed >400��g/d of fruit and vegetables compared with those who did not. Overall, intakes of phytonutrients are highly variable, suggesting that while some individuals obtain healthful amounts, there may be others who do not gain all the potential benefits associated with phytonutrients in the diet.


Xs: 6.555483 Ys: 2.9131281 Publish year: 2008 keyword: phytonutrients_sources source: Global title: Antioxidant, Sugar, Mineral, and Phytonutrient Concentrations across Edible Fruit Tissues of Orange-Fleshed Honeydew Melon (Cucumis melo L.) abstract: Orange-fleshed, non-netted honeydew ( Cucumis melo L.) is a relatively new melon in the marketplace and has shown a lot of potential as an alternative to netted muskmelons (cantaloupes), which are often prone to surface contamination by enteric bacteria. Orange-fleshed honeydew is a cross between orange-fleshed cantaloupe and non-netted, green-fleshed honeydew. This glasshouse study investigated the nutritional profile (phytonutrient and sugar contents) in different tissues of mature orange-fleshed honeydew melon fruit. The equatorial mesocarp of ripe fruit was segmented into hypodermal (subpeel), outer, middle, and inner (near the seed cavity) tissues and then assayed for total sugars, mineral nutrients, phytonutrients, total proteins, and enzymatic antioxidant activities. The concentrations of soluble solids, sucrose, total sugars, beta-carotene, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid increased in an inward direction from the subpeel mesocarp tissues toward the seed cavity. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase also increased in an inward direction. The concentrations of calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, and sodium all decreased in the inward direction. When expressed on a dry weight basis, the concentrations of ascorbic acid, boron, copper, fructose, glucose, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc were higher in the subpeel region compared to the inner mesocarp tissues, but the reverse was true when data were expressed on a fresh weight basis. These data reveal that there is considerable variation in sugars, minerals, and phytonutrients across the mesocarp regions and that expressing the data on a fresh or dry weight basis can alter interpretations of the nutritional significance and health benefits of fruit. The data also confirm that orange-fleshed honeydew melon can be a rich source of many human health-related nutrients.