Xs: 4.6527033 Ys: 2.1925967 Publish year: 2019 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Study of the safety of oral Triphala aqueous extract on healthy volunteers abstract: Background:
Triphala extract is a well known medicinal herbal formula which is usually prescribed by Thai traditional doctors to adjust the physiological functions of the body. Previous studies have reported that Triphala has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypercholesterolemia and anticancer properties. Though this herbal recipe is commonly used in Thailand, its human safety, especially in the oral form, has not been studied. We therefore conducted a clinical trial (Phase I).

Objective:
This study evaluated the safety of administering the aqueous extract of Triphala to healthy volunteers at 2500 mg/d.

Design, setting, participants and interventions:
An open-label, single-arm trial was conducted at Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand, between July 2017 and July 2018. The study enrolled 10 male and 10 female healthy volunteers; all were given Triphala (water extract; five capsules of 500 mg each) orally, once a day, at bedtime, for four consecutive weeks.

Main outcome measures:
Signs and symptoms, physical examinations, hematology and blood chemistry were assessed at the beginning of the trial and every week thereafter, for four consecutive weeks. After finishing the trial, on day 28, all volunteers were invited to a follow-up session on day 35 to evaluate the safety of the herbal recipe using the same measurements.

Results:
At the oral dose of 2500 mg/d, Triphala had no serious adverse effects in healthy volunteers. Moreover, it was found to have significantly improved the volunteers' high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels on day 35 and also reduced their blood sugar levels on days 14 and 35.

Conclusions:
We conclude that aqueous extract of Triphala is safe for healthy volunteers and that it elevates HDL-C levels and lowers blood sugar. Further clinical study should investigate its effects on HDL-C and blood sugar levels among the dyslipidemic and prediabetic groups.

Trial registration:
This trial was registered in the Thai Clinical Trial Registry with the identifier TCTR20180423002.


Xs: 4.689583 Ys: 0.4005783 Publish year: 2022 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and international travel ban on elephant tourist camp management in northern Thailand abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the tourism industry, especially in Thailand. Starting in April 2020, the Thai government banned international travel and all elephant tourist camps closed. A wide variety of management changes were implemented because of the lack of income from tourists. This study surveyed 30 camps that cared for >400 elephants in northern Thailand to obtain information on camp, elephant, and mahout management during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 2020 to 2022 compared to the year before. The survey consisted of questionnaires that interviewed elephant camp owners, managers, veterinarians, and mahouts, and captured information on changes in camp operations, including numbers of tourists, elephants and mahouts, elephant and mahout activities, and veterinary care. Results revealed significant changes in camp structure, elephant work activities and general care. Staff layoffs led to a decrease in the ratio of mahouts to elephants from 1:1 to 1:2. Elephant activities, distance walked, and amounts of food were reduced when compared to pre-COVID-19, while chain hours were increased due to reduced activity. Overall, the COVID-19 crisis altered elephant management significantly, potentially affecting animal welfare resulting from changes in nutrition, health, exercise, and numbers of mahouts. We hope to use these data to develop better management plans and guidelines for elephant camps in Thailand so they can cope with the current and potential imminent pandemics that result in decreased tourism income. A follow-up study will measure health and welfare markers in relation to COVID-19 induced changes to determine if any camps adapted management to still meet elephant health and welfare needs, and could serve as models for responding to future pandemics.


Xs: 3.744885 Ys: 2.418383 Publish year: 2015 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: The Role of Dietary Cholesterol in Lipoprotein Metabolism and Related Metabolic Abnormalities: A Mini-review abstract: Cholesterol plays a vital role in cell biology. Dietary cholesterol or "exogenous" cholesterol accounts for approximately one-third of pooled body cholesterol, and the remaining 70% is synthesized in the body (endogenous cholesterol). Increased dietary cholesterol intakes may result in increased serum cholesterol in some individuals, while other subjects may not respond to dietary cholesterol. However, diet-increased serum cholesterol levels do not increase the low density lipoprotein / high density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) cholesterol ratio, nor do they decrease the size of LDL particles or HDL cholesterol levels. Elevated levels of LDL cholesterol, reduced HDL cholesterol levels and small, dense LDL particles are independent risk factors for coronary artery disease. Dietary cholesterol is the primary approach for treatment of conditions such as Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Recent studies have highlighted mechanisms for absorption of dietary cholesterol. These studies have help understand how dietary and/or pharmaceutical agents inhibit cholesterol absorption and thereby reduce LDL cholesterol concentrations. In this article, various aspects of cholesterol metabolism, including dietary sources, absorption, and abnormalities in cholesterol metabolism have been summarized and discussed.


Xs: 2.1704032 Ys: 2.2253482 Publish year: 2019 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Riceberry rice puddings: rice-based low glycemic dysphagia diets abstract: Background and objectives:
Swallowing difficulty and diabetes mellitus are common in the elderly. However, texture-modified foods suitable for blood sugar control are scarce. This study was aimed to identify texture, glycemic indices (GIs) and postprandial responses of original and high-fiber Riceberry rice puddings.

Methods and study design:
International Dysphagia Diet Standard Initiative (IDDSI)'s methods were used to determine texture. In vitro digestion was performed for estimating glycemic indices. A randomized cross-over controlled trial was conducted in twelve healthy volunteers. Original pudding, high-fiber pudding and white bread containing 40 g carbohydrate each were assigned in random sequence with twelve-day wash-out intervals. Plasma glucose concentrations were measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min after food intake. Individual GIs of puddings were calculated.

Results:
Original and high-fiber puddings were classified as IDDSI level 3 (liquidized) and 4 (pureed), respectively. The in vitro estimated GIs were 51 for original and 48 for high-fiber puddings. Clinical trial showed rapid kinetics (peaked at 30 min) but lower postprandial responses of both puddings, compared to white bread (peaked at 60 min). The adjusted GIs for original and high-fiber puddings were not significantly different (at 41±7.60 and 36±6.40, respectively).

Conclusions:
Addition of fiber to the original pudding changed physical properties but not significantly reduced the GI. Original and high-fiber Riceberry rice puddings could be low-GI dysphagia diets, which may be useful for step-wise swallowing practice from IDDSI level 3 to 4 for those who also required blood sugar control.


Xs: 4.8726163 Ys: 1.9179437 Publish year: 2013 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: DPP-4 inhibitors improve cognition and brain mitochondrial function of insulin-resistant rats abstract: Recent evidence has demonstrated that insulin resistance is related to the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Our previous study found that high-fat diet consumption caused not only peripheral and brain insulin resistance, but also brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors, are recently developed anti-diabetic drugs. However, the effects of both drugs on cognitive behaviors and brain mitochondrial function in high-fat diet induced insulin resistant rats have not yet been investigated. Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups to receive either normal diet or high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Rats in each group were then further divided into 3 treatment groups to receive either vehicle, vildagliptin (3 mg/kg/day) or sitagliptin (30 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. The cognitive behaviors of the rats were tested using the Morris Water Maze test. Blood samples were collected to determine metabolic parameters and plasma oxidative stress levels. Upon completion of the study, animals were euthanized and the brains removed to investigate brain and hippocampal mitochondrial function as well as oxidative stress levels. We demonstrated that both drugs significantly improved the metabolic parameters and decreased circulating and brain oxidative stress levels in high-fat diet induced insulin resistant rats. In addition, both drugs completely prevented brain and hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction and equally improved the learning behaviors impaired by high-fat diet. Our findings suggest that the inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 enzymes with vildagliptin or sitagliptin in insulin-resistant rats not only increases peripheral insulin sensitivity but also decreases brain dysfunction.


Xs: 2.9698052 Ys: 1.0661948 Publish year: 2024 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Associations between dietary diversity and dyslipidemia among Japanese workers: cross-sectional study and longitudinal study findings abstract: Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the associations between dietary diversity and risk of dyslipidemia in Japanese workers.

Methods
The cross-sectional study included 1399 participants aged 20–63 years and the longitudinal study included 751 participants aged 20–60 years in 2012–2013 (baseline) who participated at least once from 2013 to 2017 with cumulative participation times of 4.9 times. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary diversity score (DDS) was determined using the Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed when at least one of the following conditions was met: hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-cholesterol, low HDL-cholesterol, high non-HDL-cholesterol, and a history of dyslipidemia. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dyslipidemia with control of confounding factors in cross-sectional analysis. Generalized estimating equations were used for calculating the ORs (95% CI) for dyslipidemia in the follow-up period according to the DDS at baseline with control of confounding factors in longitudinal analysis.

Results
Cross-sectional analysis showed that the highest DDS reduced the odds of dyslipidemia in men (OR [95% CI] in Tertile 3: 0.67 [0.48–0.95], p value = 0.023). In longitudinal analysis, a moderate DDS reduced the risk of dyslipidemia (OR [95% CI] in Tertile 2: 0.21 [0.07–0.60], p value = 0.003) in women.

Conclusions
The results of cross-sectional analysis in this study suggest that the higher diversity of diet might reduce the presence of dyslipidemia in men and the results of longitudinal analysis suggest that a moderate DDS might reduce the risk of dyslipidemia in women. Further studies are needed since the results of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in this study were inconsistent.


Xs: 3.1335244 Ys: 1.3000098 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: The effect of APOE , CETP, and PCSK9 polymorphisms on simvastatin response in Thai hypercholesterolemic patients abstract: Aim:
To investigate the effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) polymorphisms on the lipid-lowering response to simvastatin therapy in Thai hypercholesteolemic patients.

Method:
Two hundred and twenty five hypercholesterolemic patients in Southern Thailand were enrolled and treated with simvastatin 20 or 40 mg per day for 3 months. Serum lipids were measured before and after the therapy. APOE, CETP TaqIB, and PCSK9 (R46L, I474V, and E670G) polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

Results:
After 3 months of simvastatin therapy, subjects with APOE2 (TC: -30.89% vs.-13.56%, p < 0.05, LDL-C: -45.00% vs. -17.73%, p < 0.05) and APOE3 carriers (TC: -26.22% vs. -13.56%, p < 0.05, LDL-C: -37.14% vs. -17.73%, p < 0.05) had greater TC and LDL-C reduction compared to APOE4 carriers, whereas CETP TaqIB B2B2 genotype showed lower TC (-16.37% vs.-24.92%, p = 0.016) and LDL-C (-22.54% vs. -35.19%, p = 0.028) reduction compared to CETP TaqIB B1 carriers. In addition, PCSK9 474IV carriers showed greater LDL-C (-50.57% vs. -32.99%) reduction compared to PCSK9 474II carriers. Combined effect analyses showed that individuals carrying more risk alleles tended to have lower TC and LDL-C (p for trend = 0.000 and 0.000, respectively) reduction in response to simvastatin therapy.

Conclusion:
APOE4 carriers and the CETP TaqIB B2B2 genotype were associated with a decreased response, but PCSK9 474IV carriers tended to be associated with an increased response to simvastatin therapy in Thai hypercholesterolemic patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Xs: 3.5771973 Ys: 3.0117772 Publish year: 2016 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Feeding either palm oil or sunflower oil on nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites in crossbred Thai native x Brahman bull abstract: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of palm oil and sunflower oil supplementations on digestibility and blood metabolites in crossbred Thai native x brahman bulls fed on TMR used rice straw as a roughage source. Four, 2 year old crossbred Thai native x Brahman bulls were randomly assigned in a 2x2 factorial in 4 x 4 latin square design. Each period of feeding lasted for 21 days to receive four dietary treatments; 3% palm oil, 6% palm oil, 3% sunflower oil and 6% sunflower oil. All animals were fed with TMR ad-libitum. It was found that supplementation of palm oil and sunflower oil had no effect on digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein (CP). Supplementation resulted in significant (P


Xs: 7.6334605 Ys: 2.1711862 Publish year: 2014 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Processing, food applications and safety of aloe vera products: A review abstract: Aloe vera is used for vigor, wellness and medicinal purposes since rigvedic times. Health benefits of aloe vera include its application in wound healing, treating burns, minimizing frost bite damage, protection against skin damage from x-rays, lung cancer, intestinal problems, increasing high density lipoprotein (HDL), reducing low density lipoprotein (LDL), reducing blood sugar in diabetics, fighting acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), allergies and improving immune system. Phytochemistry of aloe vera gel has revealed the presence of more than 200 bioactive chemicals. Aloe vera gel is extracted from its leaves and appropriate processing techniques are needed for stabilization as well as preparation of the end products. The industries involved in processing of aloe vera need Government surveillance to ensure that the aloe vera products have beneficial bio-active chemicals as per claims of the manufacturers. Regulatory bodies also need to look into the safety and toxicological aspects of aloe vera products for food applications. The claims made for medicinal value of aloe products should be supported by authentic and approved clinical trial data. It is presumptive to mention that nutraceutical claims of aloe products made by the manufacturers are numerous. However, approved clinical evidences are available only for lowering LDL, increasing HDL, decreasing blood glucose level, treating genital herpes and psoriases.


Xs: 2.7540815 Ys: 0.5070879 Publish year: 2016 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Daily salt intake estimated by overnight urine collections indicates a high cardiovascular disease risk in Thailand abstract: This cross-sectional study (February 2012 to March 2013) was conducted to estimate daily salt intake and basic characteristics among 793 community-dwelling participants at high risk of cardiovascular disease (Framingham risk score > 15%), who had visited diabetes or hypertension clinics at health centres in the Muang district, Chiang Rai, Thailand. We performed descriptive analysis of baseline data and used an automated analyser to estimate the average of 24-hour salt intake estimated from 3 days overnight urine collection. Participants were divided into two groups based on median estimated daily salt intake. Mean age and proportion of males were 65.2 years and 37.6% in the higher salt intake group (≥ 10.0 g/day, n=362), and 67.5 years and 42.7% in the lower salt intake group (< 10.0 g/day, n=431), respectively (p=0.01, p < 0.01). The higher salt intake group comprised more patients with a family history of hypertension, antihypertensive drug use, less ideal body mass index (18.5-24.9), higher exercise frequency (≥ 2 times weekly) and lower awareness of high salt intake. Among higher salt intake participants, those with lower awareness of high salt intake were younger and more often had a family history of hypertension, relative to those with more awareness. Our data indicated that families often share lifestyles involving high salt intake, and discrepancies between actual salt intake and awareness of high salt intake may represent a need for salt reduction intervention aiming at family level. Awareness of actual salt intake should be improved for each family.


Xs: 3.709819 Ys: 2.1580558 Publish year: 1990 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Food uses and health effects of corn oil abstract: This review of corn oil provides a scientific assessment of the current knowledge of its contribution to the American diet. Refined corn oil is composed of 99% triacylglycerols with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 59%, monounsaturated fatty acid 24%, and saturated fatty acid (SFA) 13%. The PUFA is linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) primarily, with a small amount of linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) giving a n-6/n-3 ratio of 83. Corn oil contains a significant amount of ubiquinone and high amounts of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols (vitamin E) that protect it from oxidative rancidity. It has good sensory qualities for use as a salad and cooking oil. Corn oil is highly digestible and provides energy and essential fatty acids (EFA). Linoleic acid is a dietary essential that is necessary for integrity of the skin, cell membranes, the immune system, and for synthesis of icosanoids. Icosanoids are necessary for reproductive, cardiovascular, renal, and gastrointestinal functions and resistance to disease. Corn oil is a highly effective food oil for lowering serum cholesterol. Because of its low content of SFAs which raises cholesterol and its high content of PUFAs which lowers cholesterol, consumption of corn oil can replace SFAs with PUFAs, and the combination is more effective in lowering cholesterol than simple reduction of SFA. PUFA primarily lowers low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) which is atherogenic. Research shows that PUFA has little effect on high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) which is protective against atherosclerosis. PUFA generally improves the ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C. Studies in animals show that PUFA is required for the growth of cancers; the amount required is considered to be greater than that which satisfies the EFA requirement of the host. At this time there is no indication from epidemiological studies that PUFA intake is associated with increased risk of breast or colon cancer, which have been suggested to be promoted by high-fat diets in humans. Recommendations for minimum PUFA intake to prevent gross EFA deficiency are about 3% of energy (en%). Recommendations for prevention of heart disease are 8-10 en%. Consumption of PUFA in the United States is 5-7 en%. The use of corn oil to contribute to a PUFA intake of 10 en% in the diet would be beneficial to heart health. No single source of salad or cooking oil provides an optimum fatty acid (FA) composition. Many questions remain to be answered about the relation of FA composition of the diet to various physiological functions and disease processes.


Xs: 4.6385865 Ys: 0.8575248 Publish year: 2021 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: In the Era of Climate Change: Moving Beyond Conventional Agriculture in Thailand abstract: Thailand is ranked among the top 10 countries most vulnerable to climate change, and its farmers have faced the risk of natural disasters almost every year for nearly 30 years. However, those affected by climate change have also been the largest contributors to climate change, increasing the risks they will face in the near future. The intensive use of chemical pesticides in conventional agriculture has harmed not only the environment and biodiversity but health of both users and consumers. Responding to these problems, several policies have been put in place over the past decades to reduce pesticide usage as well as to encourage farmers to switch to low-carbon and low-pesticide agriculture, namely, organic agriculture. This study reviews policies related to the development of organic agriculture in Thailand and examines whether organic agriculture is an effective adaptation and mitigation strategy to climate change that can also generate enough food. This study finds that the organic sector has been largely driven by the private sector, particularly the agricultural cooperatives and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which have provided various support ranging from technology transfer, production, financing, distribution, to marketing of organic products. Their role is vital in encouraging farmers to switch to organic farming and growing market opportunities for organic goods. Nevertheless, constraints including inconsistent policies and limited support from the government remain, which, to some extent, weakens the efforts to build sustainable agriculture and climate resilience. To improve organic farming, there is a need for the government agencies to work together with all relevant stakeholders in the organic sector, namely agricultural cooperatives, NGOs, and consumers.


Xs: 2.9650252 Ys: 0.6193202 Publish year: 2015 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Alcohol consumption patterns in Thailand and their relationship with non-communicable disease abstract: Background:
Heavy alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) but few studies have investigated drinking and disease risk in middle income, non-western countries. We report on the relationship between alcohol consumption and NCDs in Thailand.

Methods:
A nationwide cross sectional survey was conducted of 87,151 Thai adult open university students aged 15 to 87 years (mean age 30.5 years) who were recruited into the Thai Cohort Study. Participants were categorized as never having drunk alcohol (n = 22,527), as being occasional drinkers who drank infrequently but heavily (4+ glasses/occasion - occasional heavy drinkers, n = 24,152) or drank infrequently and less heavily (<4 glasses/occasion - occasional light drinkers, n = 26,861). Current regular drinkers were subdivided into those who either drank heavily (4 + glasses per occasion - regular heavy drinkers, n = 3,675) or those who drank less (<4 glasses/occasion -regular light drinkers, n = 490). There were 7,548 ex-drinkers in the study. Outcomes were lifetime diagnoses of self-reported NCDs and obesity (body mass index ≥ 25).

Results:
Most women were never drinkers (40 % among females) or occasional light drinkers (39 %), in contrast to men (11 % and 22 %, respectively). Alcohol consumption was associated with urban in-migration and other recognized risks for NCDs (sedentary lifestyle and poor diet). After adjustment for these factors the odds ratios (ORs) for several NCDs outcomes - high cholesterol, hypertension, and liver disease - were significantly elevated among both occasional heavy drinkers (1.2 to 1.5) and regular heavy drinkers (1.5 to 2.0) relative to never drinkers.

Conclusions:
Heavy alcohol consumption of 4 or more glasses per occasion, even if the occasions were infrequent, was associated with elevated risk of NCDs in Thailand. These results highlight the need for strategies in Thailand to reduce the quantity of alcohol consumed to prevent alcohol-related disease. Thailand is fortunate that most of the female population is culturally protected from drinking and this national public good should be endorsed and supported.


Xs: 4.8707013 Ys: 2.4105911 Publish year: 2017 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects of black and red rice in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats abstract: Increasing numbers of diabetic patients, especially those with type II, can link their condition to changes in eating habits. Black rice and red rice are not only a source of carbohydrate but also rich sources of antioxidants, especially proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. This study determines the effect consuming a black rice extract (BRE) or a red rice extract (RRE) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol in the diabetic group were determined and compared to that of the control group. The results demonstrate that consumption of BRE, 50 mg/kg body weight (BW), or RRE, 100 mg/kg BW, could significantly reduce the blood glucose level of the diabetic rats after eight weeks. Consumption of BRE, 100 mg/kg BW or RRE, 50 mg/kg BW, also clearly decreased the triglyceride level. The cholesterol level in the diabetic group fed with BRE or RRE decreased as well. Thus daily consumption of black rice, red rice, or having their extracts in food supplements may prevent the onset of diabetes.


Xs: 2.58895 Ys: 0.31786278 Publish year: 2018 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Effects of a health promotion program conducted by nurses on stabilization of HBA1C in subjects at risk for diabetes: A phase III randomized controlled trial abstract: Background: Although pre-diabetes subjects are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes, several studies have shown that lifestyle modification can decrease the number of cases that progress to diabetes. Data from Thai pre-diabetes population relative to the effect of medium-term intervention to lower hemoglobin [HbA1C] and prevent the onset of diabetes are scarce. Objective: To investigate the effect of a nurse-managed 6-month health promotion program designed to lower HbA1C and other risk factors for diabetes, and to prevent the onset of diabetes among Thai persons diagnosed with pre-diabetes. Materials and Methods: This 6-month randomized controlled trial was conducted at the outpatient department of the Siriraj Hospital, Thailand’s largest national tertiary referral center-during the 2012 to 2014 study period. Subjects at risk for diabetes were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. Study group subjects participated in the study’s health promotion protocol, with control group subjects receiving only routine self-care recommendations for preventing diabetes. Clinical and laboratory characteristics in both groups were recorded at baseline and at preestablished time points. Results: One hundred twenty-five pre-diabetes subjects were included, with 61 and 64 subjects assigned to the study and control groups, respectively. At the 6-month time point, 9.3% in the study group and 8.6% in the control group could reduce their HbA1C level by more than 0.5%. Increase of HbA1C at the end of study was less frequent in the study group than in the control group (16.7% vs. 36.2%, respectively; p = 0.025). Diet and exercise behavior with self-efficacy improved more in the study group than in the control group. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was significantly reduced from 50% to 23.8% in the study group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The nurse-managed health promotion program investigated among Thai pre-diabetes subjects in the present study improved HbA1C, several risk behaviors, and the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Implementation of this program may benefit both patients and health care systems by increasing patient health and lowering diabetes-related costs.


Xs: 4.2073674 Ys: 2.3903463 Publish year: 2012 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Impact of Fruit and Vegetables on Oxidative Status and Lipid Profiles in Healthy Individuals abstract: This study aims to investigate the effect of different amount of low, medium and high (3, 5 and 8 servings/day) fruit and vegetables (F+V) consumption on blood lipid profile and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) in healthy individuals. In a parallel trial, 63 subjects were randomly assigned into one of the three different dietary interventions. Anthropometric, blood lipid profile and MDA were evaluated at baseline and after 4 weeks intervention. The results showed that consumption of F+V 5 and 8 servings/d could significantly reduce low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) concentrations with a mean difference (95% CI) of -13.28 , (-4.00, - 22.55) and -9.31(-2.25, -16.38) mg/dL respectively. In addition, 8 servings/d of F+V consumption had shown to significantly reduced plasma MDA concentrations with a mean difference (95%CI) of -0.15 (-0.09, -0.2) mg/dL, and p-value <0.05. Therefore, consumption of 8 servings F + V daily pose health benefits on both reducing LDL-C concentrations and improving oxidative status.


Xs: 8.399905 Ys: 3.889525 Publish year: 2023 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Postprandial glycemic and lipidemic effects of black rice anthocyanin extract fortification in foods of varying macronutrient compositions and matrices abstract: Anthocyanin (ACN) fortification of commonly consumed foods is significant as a dietary strategy against the development of metabolic complications by delivering ACNs at high doses. However, its bioactivity and translated metabolic effects in the presence of varying food matrices and macro-constituents is particularly unclear. This end-to-end study investigates the metabolic effects of black rice ACN extract (BRAE) fortification-from in-vitro enzyme inhibitory activities and digestibility, to downstream in vivo impacts on GI, postprandial glycemia and lipidemia. The in vivo effects were investigated in two separate crossover randomised controlled trials (RCT) of 24 healthy participants each-the first RCT determined the postprandial blood glucose, insulin, and ACN bioavailability to a starch-rich single food over 2 h, while the second RCT determined the postprandial blood glucose, insulin, lipid panel, and lipoprotein particles and subfractions to a starch- and fat-rich composite meal over 4 h. In-vitro findings confirmed the inhibitory activities of major black rice ACNs on carbohydrases (p = 0.0004), lipases (p = 0.0002), and starch digestibility (p < 0.0001). in vivo, a 27-point mean GI reduction of wheat bread was observed with BRAE fortification, despite a non-significant attenuation in postprandial glycemia. Conversely, there were no differences in postprandial glycemia when fortified bread was consumed as a composite meal, but acute lipid profiles were altered: (1) improved plasma HDL-c, ([0.0140 mmol/L, 95% CI: (0.00639, 0.0216)], p = 0.0028), Apo-A1 ([0.0296 mmol/L, 95% CI: (0.00757, 0.0515)], p = 0.0203), and Apo-B ([0.00880 mmol/L, 95% CI: (0.00243, 0.0152)], p = 0.0185), (2) modified LDL and HDL subfractions (p < 0.05), and (3) remodelled lipid distributions in HDL and LDL particles. This end-to-end study indicates the potential of ACN fortification in GI reduction and modulating postprandial lipoprotein profiles to starch- and fat-rich composite meals.


Xs: 4.5176063 Ys: 0.7190144 Publish year: 2010 keyword: thai__HDL_in_foods source: Thai title: Application of artificial neural network for demand forecasting in supply chain of Thai frozen chicken products export industry abstract: Owing to the U.S Hamburger crisis effect since the middle of 2007, frozen food products export industry sector, especially cooked chicken products export to Japan of Thai industry, endeavor has been spent in the supply chain management (SCM) of internal efficiency, merely aiming at competitiveness survival in terms of better quality and cost reduction. To reach the customer satisfaction, the company must work towards a right time and volume of his demand delivery. Therefore, forecasting technique is the crucial element of SCM operation. The more reducing inventory and capacity planning cost increase their company competitiveness; the more understanding how their company use the right forecasting based on information sharing in their SCM context. Currently, most of the companies, in this sector, do not have a right knowledge to implement the suitable forecasting system to sustain their business; furthermore, they only use top management judgment and some of the economical data for production. On the ground of the complex, stochastic, dynamic nature and multi-criteria of the logistics operations along the food products exporting to Japan of the Thai industry supply chain, the existing time series forecasting approaches cannot provide the information to operate demand from upstream to downstream effectively. The aim of the paper is to develop an innovative and simplified forecasting system and then implement for this industry based on data mining including time series factors and causal factors. This research methodology was designed with the case study company managers and engineers. Artificial neural network (ANN) theory was used to develop time series forecasting model for case study product. The type of ANN implemented was Multilayer Perceptron with the Quick-propagation training algorithm by using time series factor and causal factor such as Thai-Japan, EU-Thai and USA-Thai exchange rate, customer demand forecast and the other economic factors, from the case study company as input. The accuracy of the neural network model was compared with traditional customer demand forecast. The experimental results suggested that the ANN was capable of high accuracy modeling and resulted in much smaller error in comparison with the results from the present forecasting method of the company case study.


Xs: 3.58628 Ys: 2.7167215 Publish year: 2019 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Increased Consumption of Virgin Olive Oil, Nuts, Legumes, Whole Grains, and Fish Promotes HDL Functions in Humans abstract: Scope
To evaluate whether increases in the consumption of cardioprotective food groups (virgin olive oil, nuts, fruits/vegetables, legumes, whole grains, fish, and wine) were associated with improvements in HDL functions in high cardiovascular risk subjects.

Methods and Results
We assessed the association between 1‐year changes in food group consumption and HDL functionality traits in 296 high cardiovascular risk subjects. Increases in virgin olive oil (10 g/d) and whole grain consumption (25 g/d) were associated with increments in cholesterol efflux capacity (+0.7% –P = 0.026– and +0.6% –P = 0.017–, respectively). Increases in nut (30 g/d) and legume intake (25 g/d) were linked to increments in paraoxonase‐1 activity (+12.2% –P = 0.049– and +11.7% –P = 0.043–, respectively). Legume intake increases were also related to decreases in cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity (‐4.8%, P = 0.028). Fish consumption increments (25 g/d) were associated with increases in paraoxonase‐1 activity (+3.9%, P = 0.030) and declines in cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity (‐1.6%, P = 0.021), HDL cholesterol concentrations (‐1.1%, P = 0.039), and functions related to HDL levels (cholesterol efflux capacity, ‐1.1%, P = 0.010).

Conclusion
Increases in the consumption of virgin olive oil, nuts, legumes, whole grains, and fish (achievable through a regular diet) were associated with improvements in HDL functions in high cardiovascular risk subjects.
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Xs: 3.9900095 Ys: 2.8126729 Publish year: 2021 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Functional Food and Bioactive Compounds on the Modulation of the Functionality of HDL-C: A Narrative Review abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a serious public health problem and are the primary cause of death worldwide. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been identified as one of the most important molecules in the prevention of CVD due to its multiple anti-inflammatories, anti-atherogenic, and antioxidant properties. Currently, it has been observed that maintaining healthy levels of HDL-C does not seem to be sufficient if the functionality of this particle is not adequate. Modifications in the structure and composition of HDL-C lead to a pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, and dysfunctional version of the molecule. Various assays have evaluated some HDL-C functions on risk populations, but they were not the main objective in some of these. Functional foods and dietary compounds such as extra virgin olive oil, nuts, whole grains, legumes, fresh fish, quercetin, curcumin, ginger, resveratrol, and other polyphenols could increase HDL functionality by improving the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity. Nevertheless, additional rigorous research basic and applied is required in order to better understand the association between diet and HDL functionality. This will enable the development of nutritional precision management guidelines for healthy HDL to reduce cardiovascular risk in adults. The aim of the study was to increase the understanding of dietary compounds (functional foods and bioactive components) on the functionality of HDL.


Xs: 3.7415812 Ys: 2.6945612 Publish year: 2013 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Dietary approaches to improving atheroprotective HDL functions abstract: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are known to protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition to facilitating reverse cholesterol transport to remove excess lipids from the body - including atherosclerotic plaques - HDL exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and antithrombotic activities. Together, these properties contribute to the overall atheroprotective nature of HDL. However, similar to many other physiological pathways, these HDL parameters are known to become dysregulated in conditions of metabolic disease. Further, research suggests these alternative HDL properties may be regulated independently of blood HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and must therefore be considered when designing HDL-targeted therapies. To date, a number of dietary strategies have been investigated to assess the effect of dietary components on functional properties of HDL beyond HDL-C. This review will highlight the bioactive nutrients, functional foods, and dietary programs known to modulate HDL function as a means of reducing CVD.


Xs: 3.865914 Ys: 2.255344 Publish year: 2005 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Long-Term Consumption of a Raw Food Diet Is Associated with Favorable Serum LDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides but Also with Elevated Plasma Homocysteine and Low Serum HDL Cholesterol in Humans abstract: High consumption of vegetables and fruits is associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. However, little information is available about diets based predominantly on consumption of fruits and their health consequences. We investigated the effects of an extremely high dietary intake of raw vegetables and fruits (70-100% raw food) on serum lipids and plasma vitamin B-12, folate, and total homocysteine (tHcy). In a cross-sectional study, the lipid, folate, vitamin B-12, and tHcy status of 201 adherents to a raw food diet (94 men and 107 women) were examined. The participants consumed approximately 1500-1800 g raw food of plant origin/d mainly as vegetables or fruits. Of the participants, 14% had high serum LDL cholesterol concentrations, 46% had low serum HDL cholesterol, and none had high triglycerides. Of raw food consumers, 38% were vitamin B-12 deficient, whereas 12% had an increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Plasma tHcy concentrations were correlated with plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations (r = -0.450, P < 0.001), but not with plasma folate. Plasma tHcy and MCV concentrations were higher in those in the lowest quintile of consumption of food of animal origin (P(trend) < 0.001). This study indicates that consumption of a strict raw food diet lowers plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, but also lowers serum HDL cholesterol and increases tHcy concentrations due to vitamin B-12 deficiency.


Xs: 3.2591522 Ys: 3.4612586 Publish year: 2013 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Synbiotic Food Consumption Reduces Levels of Triacylglycerols and VLDL, but not Cholesterol, LDL, or HDL in Plasma from Pregnant Women abstract: To our knowledge, no reports are available indicating the effects of synbiotic food consumption on blood lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress among pregnant women. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of daily consumption of a synbiotic food on blood lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in pregnant women. This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was performed among 52 primigravida pregnant women, aged 18 to 35-year-old at their third trimester. After a 2-week run-in period, subjects were randomly assigned to consume either a synbiotic (n = 26) or control food (n = 26) for 9 weeks. The synbiotic food consisted of a probiotic viable and heat-resistant Lactobacillus sporogenes (1 × 10(7) CFU) and 0.04 g inulin (HPX)/g as the prebiotic. Patients were asked to consume the synbiotic and control foods two times a day. Biochemical measurements including blood lipid profiles, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total glutathione (GSH) were conducted before and after 9 weeks of intervention. Consumption of a synbiotic food for 9 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in serum TAG (P = 0.04), VLDL (P = 0.04) and a significant rise in plasma GSH levels (P = 0.004) compared to the control food. No significant effects of the synbiotic food consumption on serum TC, LDL, HDL and plasma TAC levels (P > 0.05) were observed. Trial registry code: http://www.irct.ir . IRCT201212105623N3.


Xs: 3.3206542 Ys: 2.2182329 Publish year: 2019 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: The HDL lipidome is widely remodeled by fast food versus Mediterranean diet in 4 days abstract: Introduction
HDL is associated with increased longevity and protection from multiple chronic diseases. The major HDL protein ApoA-I has a half-life of about 4 days, however, the effects of diet on the composition of HDL particles at this time scale have not been studied.

Objectives
The objective of this study is to investigate the short term dietary effect on HDL lipidomic composition.

Methods
In this randomized order cross-over study, ten healthy subjects consumed a Mediterranean (Med) and a fast food (FF) diet for 4 days, with a 4-day wash-out between treatments. Lipidomic composition was analyzed in isolated HDL fractions by an untargeted LC–MS method with 15 internal standards.

Results
HDL phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content was increased by FF diet, and 41 out of 170 lipid species were differentially affected by diet. Saturated fatty acids (FAs) and odd chain FA were enriched after FF diet, while very-long chain FA and unsaturated FA were enriched after Med diet. The composition of phosphatidylcholine (PC), triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl ester (CE) were significantly altered to reflect the FA composition of the diet whereas the composition of sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramides were generally unaffected.

Conclusion
Results from this study indicate that the HDL lipidome is widely remodeled within 4 days of diet change and that certain lipid classes are more sensitive markers of diet whereas other lipid classes are better indicators of non-dietary factors.


Xs: 3.4086666 Ys: 2.230938 Publish year: 2011 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effect of a Dietary Portfolio of Cholesterol-Lowering Foods Given at 2 Levels of Intensity of Dietary Advice on Serum Lipids in Hyperlipidemia A Randomized Controlled Trial abstract: Combining foods with recognized cholesterol-lowering properties (dietary portfolio) has proven highly effective in lowering serum cholesterol under metabolically controlled conditions.
To assess the effect of a dietary portfolio administered at 2 levels of intensity on percentage change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among participants following self-selected diets.
A parallel-design study of 351 participants with hyperlipidemia from 4 participating academic centers across Canada (Quebec City, Toronto, Winnipeg, and Vancouver) randomized between June 25, 2007, and February 19, 2009, to 1 of 3 treatments lasting 6 months.
Participants received dietary advice for 6 months on either a low-saturated fat therapeutic diet (control) or a dietary portfolio, for which counseling was delivered at different frequencies, that emphasized dietary incorporation of plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibers, and nuts. Routine dietary portfolio involved 2 clinic visits over 6 months and intensive dietary portfolio involved 7 clinic visits over 6 months.
Percentage change in serum LDL-C.
In the modified intention-to-treat analysis of 345 participants, the overall attrition rate was not significantly different between treatments (18% for intensive dietary portfolio, 23% for routine dietary portfolio, and 26% for control; Fisher exact test, P = .33). The LDL-C reductions from an overall mean of 171 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], 168-174 mg/dL) were -13.8% (95% CI, -17.2% to -10.3%; P < .001) or -26 mg/dL (95% CI, -31 to -21 mg/dL; P < .001) for the intensive dietary portfolio; -13.1% (95% CI, -16.7% to -9.5%; P < .001) or -24 mg/dL (95% CI, -30 to -19 mg/dL; P < .001) for the routine dietary portfolio; and -3.0% (95% CI, -6.1% to 0.1%; P = .06) or -8 mg/dL (95% CI, -13 to -3 mg/dL; P = .002) for the control diet. Percentage LDL-C reductions for each dietary portfolio were significantly more than the control diet (P < .001, respectively). The 2 dietary portfolio interventions did not differ significantly (P = .66). Among participants randomized to one of the dietary portfolio interventions, percentage reduction in LDL-C on the dietary portfolio was associated with dietary adherence (r = -0.34, n = 157, P < .001).
Use of a dietary portfolio compared with the low-saturated fat dietary advice resulted in greater LDL-C lowering during 6 months of follow-up.
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00438425.


Xs: 2.9135692 Ys: 1.555424 Publish year: 2009 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: The Tromsø Heart Study abstract: There are indications that subjects of Lappish ethnic origin have a lower incidence of coronary heart disease than subjects of Norse or Finnish descent, despite their having a similar coronary risk factor status as assessed by serum lipid concentrations, BP and cigarette consumption. The possibility that this reflects a more favourable serum lipoprotein pattern in Lapps has been examined in 116 non-fasting male subjects of Norse, Finnish and Lappish descent matched for age (mean age 39 years) and level of habitual physical activity. No significant differences between the three ethnic groups were observed, however, in either the serum total cholesterol concentration or the distribution of serum cholesterol between the high density (HDL, density (d) 1.063–1.21 g/ml) and lower density (<1.063 g/ml) lipoprotein classes. In view of recent evidence of an association of several coronary risk factors with a low HDL level in other populations, the relationship of HDL cholesterol concentration to other variables was explored by stepwise multiple regression analysis. As in other communities, HDL cholesterol was inversely related to the d <1.063 cholesterol concentration. HDL cholesterol showed no significant correlation, however, with either relative body weight, cigarette consumption or BP. Any relationship of these variables to coronary risk in the Tromsø population must operate, therefore, through mechanisms unrelated to HDL.


Xs: 3.7134888 Ys: 2.5078368 Publish year: 2005 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: A low-dose almond-based diet decreases LDL-C while preserving HDL-C abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to compare lipid-altering effects of an almond-based diet with a reference diet. In a randomized single blind, cross-over clinical trial study, the effect of almond (25 g/day) on serum lipoproteins of mild hypercholesterolemic patients were studied. Methods: This eight-week dietary trial was divided into two consecutive four-week intervention periods. Both diets conformed to National Cholesterol Educational Program (NECP) step 1 diet and contained identical foods and macronutrients, except for almond. After a washout period, each patient consumed the opposite dietary regimen for 4 weeks. In the almond group, subjects used 25 g/ day of almond powder. Thirty hyperlipidemic adult men and women were considered eligible, after a preliminary medical history review and laboratory screening for lipid profile. Results: Combined average for both of the cross-over phases showed that almond induced a reduction in total cholesterol (TC) of 8 ± 27mg/dL and in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) of 9 ± 29 mg/dL. The reference diet did not induce a significant reduction in TC and LDL-C (for TC P < 0.01, and LDL-C, P < 0.05). Neither treatments induced significant changes in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a favorable lipid-altering effect induced by the almond, even in lower dose than previous studies (25 g vs. 100 g). These may be due to the interactive or additive effects of the numerous bioactive constituents found in almond. Archives of Iranian Medicine, Volume 8, Number 1, 2005: 45 – 51.


Xs: 3.4804344 Ys: 2.4558804 Publish year: 2008 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Wild-type food in health promotion and disease prevention: The Columbus concept abstract: It is essential to force a U-turn in the way contemporary medicine approaches ill-health diseases. Early prevention of primary risk factors is a far more promising approach compared to late acute treatment of secondary risk factors in reducing the cost burden of Public Health, not mentioning the expected benefits of the former versus the latter approaches with regards to the Quality of Life. Wild-Type Food in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: The Columbus Concept is one of the first books to focus on the role of omega-6/3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in unhealthy diets. The volume is divided into five sections. The first identifies the missing essential ratio of competing essential fatty acids in the human diet and relates them to the upsurge of modern chronic disease and associated health costs. The authors also explain the scientific basis of the Columbus Concept and the evidence supporting the rehabilitation of dietary/blood cholesterol. In the second section, authors discuss the essential ingredients in a daily diet that make blood vessels healthy and resistant. The third section introduces the functional part of the diet that brings about health benefits and healthy blood vessels. The fourth section details the health benefits of wild-type foods in various cultures. The final section investigates the possibility for novel sources for health promotion. Wild-Type Food in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention: The Columbus Concept presents a cutting-edge, in-depth investigation into new methods of health promotion.


Xs: 3.9382803 Ys: 2.6388447 Publish year: 2016 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: MediterrAsian Diet Products That Could Raise HDL-Cholesterol: A Systematic Review abstract: Background . High HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) values are negatively correlated with cardiovascular diseases. This review analyses the effect of the supplementation with various Mediterranean diet products (artichoke, bergamot, and olive oil) and Asian diet products (red yeast rice) on the HDL-C value in dyslipidemic subjects. Methods . A systematic review has been done involving all the English written studies published from the 1st of January 1958 to the 31st of March 2016. Results . The results of this systematic review indicate that the dietary supplementation with red yeast rice, bergamot, artichoke, and virgin olive oil has promising effects on the increase of HDL-C serum levels. The artichoke leaf extract and virgin olive oil appear to be particularly interesting, while bergamot extract needs further research and the effect of red yeast rice seems to be limited to patients with previous myocardial infarction. Conclusions . Various MediterrAsian diet products or natural extracts may represent a potential intervention treatment to raise HDL-C in dyslipidemic subjects.


Xs: 3.393212 Ys: 2.4351184 Publish year: 2003 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: A meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials abstract: The effects of dietary fats on the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) have traditionally been estimated from their effects on LDL cholesterol. Fats, however, also affect HDL cholesterol, and the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol is a more specific marker of CAD than is LDL cholesterol.
The objective was to evaluate the effects of individual fatty acids on the ratis of total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipoproteins.
We performed a meta-analysis of 60 selected trials and calculated the effects of the amount and type of fat on total:HDL cholesterol and on other lipids.
The ratio did not change if carbohydrates replaced saturated fatty acids, but it decreased if cis unsaturated fatty acids replaced saturated fatty acids. The effect on total:HDL cholesterol of replacing trans fatty acids with a mix of carbohydrates and cis unsaturated fatty acids was almost twice as large as that of replacing saturated fatty acids. Lauric acid greatly increased total cholesterol, but much of its effect was on HDL cholesterol. Consequently, oils rich in lauric acid decreased the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol. Myristic and palmitic acids had little effect on the ratio, and stearic acid reduced the ratio slightly. Replacing fats with carbohydrates increased fasting triacylglycerol concentrations.
The effects of dietary fats on total:HDL cholesterol may differ markedly from their effects on LDL. The effects of fats on these risk markers should not in themselves be considered to reflect changes in risk but should be confirmed by prospective observational studies or clinical trials. By that standard, risk is reduced most effectively when trans fatty acids and saturated fatty acids are replaced with cis unsaturated fatty acids. The effects of carbohydrates and of lauric acid-rich fats on CAD risk remain uncertain.


Xs: 3.4876912 Ys: 1.1925105 Publish year: 2018 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Food insecurity was associated with low quality diet and low HDL level in mothers of Northwest Mexico relying on fisheries for livelihood abstract: Abstract Background: food insecurity occurs when quality and quantity of food is insufficient for maintaining healthy nutritional and food profiles. Objectives: to determine if food insecurity is associated with dietary and biochemical measures in mothers of the northwest of Mexico, which relies primarily on fisheries for livelihood. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 116 mothers of the Northwest of Mexico. A socioeconomic survey, food security scale, and two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls were applied. Anthropometric measurements were made and hemoglobin, glucose and cholesterol levels were measured. The association between key measures and food insecurity was assessed using logistic and linear regression. Results: two-thirds (68%) of households experienced food insecurity. Mothers with mild insecurity had 3.7 and 3.2 times higher odds of not consuming fruits and vegetables, respectively, and 4.9 times higher odds of consuming sweetened non-dairy drinks (p = 0.04; 0.04 and 0.05, respectively). In addition, they consumed less protein (β =-3.22%; p < 0.01) and more carbohydrates (β = 6.04%; p = 0.02) compared with mothers with food security. Mothers with severe insecurity consumed less iodine (β =-24.41 µg; p = 0.03) and had lower levels of HDL cholesterol (β =-12.01 mg/dl; p = 0.03) than mothers with food security. Conclusions: food insecurity was associated with low quality diet and low levels of HDL cholesterol in mothers of Northwest Mexico relying on fisheries for livelihood.

Resumen Introducción: la inseguridad alimentaria ocurre cuando la calidad y la cantidad de alimentos son insuficientes para mantener un perfil nutricional y alimentario saludable. Objetivos: determinar si la inseguridad alimentaria está asociada con indicadores dietéticos y bioquímicos en madres del noroeste de México que dependen principalmente de la pesca como medio de subsistencia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal con 116 madres del noroeste de México. Se aplicó una encuesta socioeconómica, una escala de seguridad alimentaria y dos recordatorios de 24 horas. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se midieron los niveles de hemoglobina, glucosa y colesterol. La asociación entre las medidas clave y la inseguridad alimentaria se evaluó mediante regresión logística y lineal. Resultados: dos tercios (68%) de los hogares experimentaron inseguridad alimentaria. Las madres con inseguridad leve tuvieron una probabi-lidad 3,7 y 3,2 veces mayor de no consumir frutas y verduras, respectivamente, y 4,9 veces más probabilidad de consumir bebidas endulzadas no lácteas (p = 0,04; 0,04 y 0,05, respectivamente). Además, consumieron menos proteínas (β =-3,22%; p < 0,01) y más carbohidratos (β = 6,04%; p = 0,02) en comparación con madres con seguridad alimentaria. Las madres con inseguridad severa consumieron menos yodo (β =-24,41 μg; p = 0,03) y tuvieron niveles más bajos de colesterol HDL (β =-12,01 mg/dl; p = 0,03) que las madres con seguridad alimentaria. Conclusiones: la inseguridad alimentaria se asoció con una dieta de baja calidad y bajos niveles de colesterol HDL en madres del noroeste de México que dependen de la pesca como medio de vida.


Xs: 2.9682443 Ys: 1.8755913 Publish year: 2008 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Fasting and Nonfasting Lipid Levels Influence of Normal Food Intake on Lipids, Lipoproteins, Apolipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction abstract: Lipid profiles are usually measured after fasting. We tested the hypotheses that these levels change only minimally in response to normal food intake and that nonfasting levels predict cardiovascular events.
We cross-sectionally studied 33 391 individuals 20 to 95 years of age from the Copenhagen General Population Study. We also studied 9319 individuals 20 to 93 years of age from the Copenhagen City Heart Study, 1166 of whom developed cardiovascular events during 14 years of follow-up. Compared with fasting levels, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and albumin levels were reduced up to 3 to 5 hours after the last meal; triglycerides levels were increased up to 6 hours after the last meal; and non-HDL cholesterol level, apolipoprotein A1 level, apolipoprotein B level, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, and ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 did not change in response to normal food intake. The maximum changes after normal food and fluid intake from fasting levels were -0.2 mmol/L for total cholesterol, -0.2 mmol/L for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, -0.1 mmol/L for HDL cholesterol, and 0.3 mmol/L for triglycerides. Highest versus lowest tertile of nonfasting total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, ratio of total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, and ratio of apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 and lowest versus highest tertile of nonfasting HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 predicted 1.7- to 2.4-fold increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Lipid profiles at most change minimally in response to normal food intake in individuals in the general population. Furthermore, nonfasting lipid profiles predicted increased risk of cardiovascular events.


Xs: 4.4088025 Ys: 2.8083098 Publish year: 2015 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Anthocyanin‐rich Black Elderberry Extract Improves Markers of HDL Function and Reduces Aortic Cholesterol in Hyperlipidemic Mice abstract: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and is associated with impairments in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) function, including reductions in HDL‐cholesterol, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. Anthocyanins are polyphenols with anti‐inflammatory properties. We investigated whether an anthocyanin‐rich black elderberry extract ( Sambucus nigra ) (BEE) (13% anthocyanins) would protect against inflammation‐related impairments in HDL function and atherosclerosis in apoE ‐/‐ mice. We fed an AIN‐93M diet supplemented with 1.25% (wt/wt) BEE or control diet to 10 week old male apoE ‐/‐ mice for 6 weeks. The BEE fed to mice was rich in cyanidin 3‐sambubioside (~9.8% wt/wt) and cyanidin 3‐glucoside (~3.8% wt/wt). After 6 weeks, serum lipids did not differ significantly between groups, while aspartate transaminase (AST) and fasting glucose were reduced in BEE‐fed mice. Hepatic and intestinal mRNA changes with BEE‐feeding were consistent with an improvement in HDL function (Apoa1, Pon1, Saa1, Lcat, Clu) and a reduction in hepatic cholesterol levels (increased Ldlr and Hmgcr, reduced Cyp7a1). In BEE‐fed mice, serum paraoxonase‐1 activity was significantly higher. In addition, mice fed BEE had significantly lower serum chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and tended to have lower serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances compared to control‐fed mice. Notably, we observed significant reductions in total cholesterol content of the aorta of BEE‐fed mice, indicating less atherosclerosis progression. These findings suggest that black elderberry may be useful to prevent HDL dysfunction associated with chronic inflammation. [Supported by the USDA Hatch Project #1003343].


Xs: 2.8216715 Ys: 1.5943109 Publish year: 2007 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Carbohydrate intake and HDL in a multiethnic population abstract: Ethnic differences in serum lipids are not explained by genetics, central adiposity, lifestyle, or diet, possibly because dietary carbohydrate has not been considered.
The aim was to evaluate the relation between carbohydrate intake and HDL and triacylglycerol concentrations in a multiethnic population.
We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of 619 Canadians of Aboriginal, South Asian, Chinese, and European origin with no previously diagnosed medical conditions. Energy-adjusted carbohydrate intake was measured by a validated food-frequency questionnaire.
South Asians consumed the most carbohydrate, followed by European, Aboriginal, and Chinese persons. Mean (95% CI) HDL concentrations in the lowest and highest categories of carbohydrate intake after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, physical activity, smoking, the waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, alcohol intake, and intakes of total energy, protein, and fiber were 1.21 mmol/L (1.16, 1.27 mmol/L) and 1.08 mmol/L (1.02, 1.13 mmol/L), respectively, and HDL cholesterol was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the lowest tertile of carbohydrate intake than in the highest tertile. High carbohydrate intake was associated with higher fasting triacylglycerols (P = 0.04); the adjusted mean fasting triacylglycerol concentrations in the lowest and highest categories of carbohydrate intake were 1.43 mmol/L (1.28, 1.60 mmol/L) and 1.71 mmol/L (1.57, 1.87 mmol/L), respectively. Fewer servings of sugar-containing soft drinks, juices, and snacks were associated with higher HDL (P for trend = 0.02); the multivariate-adjusted mean HDL in the lowest and highest categories of carbohydrate intake was 1.22 mmol/L (1.17, 1.27 mmol/L) and 1.11 mmol/L (1.06, 1.26 mmol/L), respectively.
Differences in HDL and triacylglycerols observed in different ethnic groups may be due in part to carbohydrate intake. Reducing the frequency of intake of sugar-containing soft drinks, juices, and snacks may be beneficial.


Xs: 3.5062673 Ys: 2.3086922 Publish year: 2014 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Structural Study on Hen-egg Yolk High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Granules abstract: Hen egg yolk’s main fractions, granules and plasma contribute to the formation and the stability of disperse systems like emulsions by constituting an interfacial film. However, yolk is still used empirically and physical properties of yolk fractions are not entirely understood. Therefore, one of the main approaches is to fractionate egg yolk in its single components and to close the lack of understanding of the molecular and structural characteristics of each fraction. As our sedimentation experiments show, separation efficiency of granules from hen egg yolk varies with changing solution pH. Under isoelectric conditions at pH 4.0, granules bind more low density lipoprotein (LDL; plasma-fraction), as atomic force microscopy reveals. We show that besides reduced electrostatic repulsion forces also structural changes of the granules support a higher incorporation of LDL-vesicle at pH 4.0. Varying amounts of lipid with pH make a structural analysis difficult by imaging techniques alone. We report on X-ray scattering experiments in reflection geometry performed on films of hen-egg granules. The observed scattering patterns provide prominent lateral distances in the film and a repeating distance from the phospholipids of the LDL vesicles. At pH 4.0 the repeating distance is larger and less diffuse compared to pH 6.5. We extracted two prominent lateral particle sizes in the HDL-granule film from two significant shoulders in the scattering functions. At pH 4.0 the obtained radii of gyration are Rg1 = 83 nm and Rg2 = 2.4 nm. At pH 6.5 we observed a significant expansion of both sizes. This indicates rougher contact areas and a stronger steric hindering for the incorporation of the LDL vesicle in the HDL-granules under native milieu conditions.


Xs: 2.957946 Ys: 2.2782545 Publish year: 2005 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Influence of dietary carbohydrate and fat on LDL and HDL particle distributions abstract: Variations in the size and density distributions of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles have been related to risk for cardiovascular disease. In particular, increased levels of small, dense LDL particles, together with reduced levels of large HDL and increases in small HDL, are integral features of the atherogenic dyslipidemia found in patients with insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Increased dietary carbohydrates, particularly simple sugars and starches with high glycemic index, can increase levels of small, dense LDL and HDL, primarily by mechanisms that involve increasing plasma triglyceride concentrations. Low-carbohydrate diets may have the opposite effects. Diets with differing fatty acid composition can also influence LDL and HDL particle distributions.


Xs: 4.653043 Ys: 2.3407793 Publish year: 2009 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effect of Fenugreek Seeds on Blood Glucose and Lipid Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Patients abstract: Recently use of herbal medicines, have been considered as an alternative for therapeutic usage. So, this study was undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of fenugreek seeds in type 2 diabetic patients.
In a clinical trial study, 24 type 2 diabetic patients were placed on 10 grams/day powdered fenugreek seeds mixed with yoghurt or soaked in hot water for 8 weeks. Weight, FBS, HbA(1)C, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and food record were measured before and after the study. The differences observed in food records, BMI and serum variables were analyzed using paired-t-test and t-student and P<or=0.05 was considered as significant.
After exclusion of 6 cases for changing in medication or personal problems, the results of 18 patients (11 consumed fenugreek in hot water and 7 in yoghurt) were studied. Findings showed that FBS, TG and VLDL-C decreased significantly (25 %, 30 % and 30.6 % respectively) after taking fenugreek seed soaked in hot water whereas there were no significantly changes in lab parameters in cases consumed it mixed with yoghurt. BMI, Energy, Carbohydrate, Protein and fat intake remained unchanged during study.
This study shows that fenugreek seeds can be used as an adjuvant in the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the form of soaked in hot water.


Xs: 4.0505624 Ys: 3.0360146 Publish year: 2014 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Realistic intake of a flavanol-rich soluble cocoa product increases HDL-cholesterol without inducing anthropometric changes in healthy and moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects abstract: To assess whether antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other cardio-protective effects attributed to cocoa are achieved when regularly consuming moderate amounts of a flavanol-rich soluble cocoa product, a non-randomized, controlled, crossover, free-living study was carried out in healthy (n = 24; 25.9 ± 5.6 years) and moderately hypercholesterolemic (200-240 mg dL(-1); n = 20; 30.0 ± 10.3 years) volunteers. Participants consumed two servings per day (7.5 g per serving) of a soluble cocoa product (providing 45.3 mg flavanols per day) in milk, which was compared with consuming only milk during a 4 week period. The effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were determined, as well as on serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles, interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1), serum malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl groups (CG), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and free radical scavenging capacity (ABTS). During the study, the volunteers' diets and physical activity were also evaluated, as well as any changes in weight, skin folds, circumferences and related anthropometric parameters. Cocoa and certain polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables and their derivatives were restricted. After consuming the cocoa product positive effects were observed such as an increase in serum HDL-C (p < 0.001) and dietary fiber intake (p = 0.050), whereas IL-10 decreased (p = 0.022). Other cardiovascular-related biomarkers and anthropometric parameters were unaffected. We have therefore concluded that regular consumption of this cocoa product in a Spanish-Mediterranean diet may protect against cardiovascular disease in healthy and hypercholesterolemic subjects without producing any weight gain or other anthropometric changes.


Xs: 2.8158622 Ys: 1.7336953 Publish year: 2001 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Dietary glycemic load assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma triacylglycerols in postmenopausal women abstract: In metabolic studies, both greater carbohydrate intakes and higher glycemic indexes (GIs) raise fasting triacylglycerol concentrations. In epidemiologic studies, dietary glycemic load (GL) is positively associated with risk of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes.
We examined both the physiologic relevance of GI and GL and the ability of dietary questionnaires to measure these variables.
In the Nurses' Health Study, we measured plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in fasting blood samples from 185 healthy postmenopausal women and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in an additional 95 nonfasting samples. Dietary carbohydrate, GI, and GL were assessed by use of semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. The cross-sectional associations between these 3 variables and plasma triacylglycerol and HDL were assessed, with adjustment for potential confounding factors.
For the lowest and highest quintiles of GL, the multivariate-adjusted geometric mean triacylglycerol concentrations were 0.98 and 1.75 mmol/L (87 and 155 mg/dL; P for trend < 0.001). Both overall GI (P for trend = 0.03) and carbohydrate (P for trend < 0.01) contributed independently to the strong positive association between GL and fasting triacylglycerol concentrations. GL was also inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol concentrations. For the lowest and highest quintiles of GL, the mean HDL-cholesterol concentrations were 1.50 and 1.34 micromol/L (58 and 52 mg/dL; P for trend = 0.03). The relation between GL and fasting triacylglycerol concentrations differed significantly by body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) categories (P < 0.001 for interaction). For the lowest to the highest quintiles of GL, the mean triacylglycerol concentrations were 0.92 and 2.24 mmol/L (81 and 198 mg/dL) in women with BMIs > 25 (P for trend < 0.001) and 1.02 and 1.42 mmol/L (90 and 126 mg/dL) in women with BMIs < or = 25 (P for trend < 0.001).
These data support the physiologic relevance of the GL as a potential risk factor for coronary artery disease in free-living women, particularly those prone to insulin resistance. These findings also document the ability of a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire to assess dietary GIs and GLs.


Xs: 2.868387 Ys: 1.7150662 Publish year: 2001 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Glycemic Index and Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration Among US Adults abstract: Dietary glycemic index, an indicator of the ability of the carbohydrate to raise blood glucose levels, and glycemic load, the product of glycemic index and carbohydrate intake, have been positively related to risk of coronary heart disease. However, the relationships between glycemic index and glycemic load and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration in the US population are unknown.
Using data from 13 907 participants aged 20 years and older in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), we examined the relationships between glycemic index and glycemic load, which were determined from a food frequency questionnaire and HDL-C concentration.
The age-adjusted mean HDL-C concentrations for increasing quintiles of glycemic index distribution were 1.38, 1.32, 1.30, 1.26, and 1.27 mmol/L (P<.001 for trend). (To convert millimoles per liter to milligrams per deciliter, divide by 0.0259.) After additional adjustment for sex, ethnicity, education, smoking status, body mass index, alcohol intake, physical activity, energy fraction from carbohydrates and fat, and total energy intake, the mean HDL-C concentrations for ascending quintiles of glycemic index were 1.36, 1.31, 1.30, 1.27, and 1.28 mmol/L (P<.001 for trend). Adjusting for the same covariates and considering glycemic index as a continuous variable, we found a change in HDL-C concentration of -0.06 mmol/L per 15-unit increase in glycemic index (P<.001). The multiple R(2) for the model was 0.23. Similarly, the multivariate-adjusted mean HDL-C concentrations for ascending quintiles of glycemic load distribution were 1.35, 1.31, 1.31, 1.30, and 1.26 mmol/L (P<.001 for linear trend). The inverse relationships between glycemic index and glycemic load and HDL-C persisted across all subgroups of participants categorized by sex or body mass index.
These findings from a nationally representative sample of US adults suggest that high dietary glycemic index and high glycemic load are associated with a lower concentration of plasma HDL-C.


Xs: 4.4154124 Ys: 2.7550735 Publish year: 2021 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Functional Beverages Increase HDL-Cholesterol Levels in Aging Rats abstract: Plant-based foods rich in phenolic phytochemicals are among the promising strategies to counteract age-related changes in lipid profile. Aronia melanocarpa (AM) fruits are a rich source of phenolic compounds possessing lipid-modulating effects. The present study investigated the effect of 3-month supplementation of AM-based functional beverages on the lipid profile of healthy aging rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were separated into five groups: (YC) young controls (2-month-old); (AC) adult controls (13-month-old); (A) adult animals supplemented with pure AM extract; (A + P) adult animals supplemented with pectin-enriched (1%) AM extract; (A + H) adult animals supplemented with AM extract enriched with a herbal mixture. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic indices were investigated at the end of the study. Adult controls demonstrated age-related dyslipidemia resulting in decreased HDL-C, and increased TG and TC/HDL index. The supplemented groups showed a significant increase in HDL-C levels: A + P (1.49 mmol/L) and A + H (1.61 mmol/L), respectively, vs. AC (1.09 mmol/L), p < 0.05. The TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C indices were decreased in the A + P and A + H groups in comparison to the AC group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that supplementation with polyphenol-rich AM beverages can successfully alter HDL-C levels and this effect is further potentiated by pectin and herbs.


Xs: 3.4987857 Ys: 1.8733397 Publish year: 2018 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Intake of 3 Eggs per Day When Compared to a Choline Bitartrate Supplement, Downregulates Cholesterol Synthesis without Changing the LDL/HDL Ratio abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is associated with high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The impact of dietary cholesterol on plasma lipid concentrations still remains a concern. The effects of egg intake in comparison to choline bitartrate supplement was studied in a young, healthy population. Thirty participants were enrolled for a 13-week intervention. After a 2-week run-in period, subjects were randomized to consume either 3 eggs/day or a choline bitartrate supplement (~400 mg choline for both treatments) for 4-weeks each. After a 3-week washout period, they were allocated to the alternate treatment. Dietary records, plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (apo) concentrations, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell expression of regulatory genes for cholesterol homeostasis were assessed at the end of each intervention. Dietary intakes of saturated and monounsaturated fat were higher with the consumption of eggs compared to the choline period. In addition, higher plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (7.5%), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (5%) and LDL-C (8.1%) were observed with egg consumption (p < 0.01), while no change was seen in LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, a key marker of heart disease risk. Compared to choline supplementation, intake of eggs resulted in higher concentrations of plasma apoA-I (8%) and apoE (17%) with no changes in apoB. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase expression were lower with egg consumption by 18% and 31%, respectively (p < 0.05), suggesting a compensation to the increased dietary cholesterol load. Therefore, dietary cholesterol from eggs appears to regulate endogenous synthesis of cholesterol in such a way that the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is maintained.


Xs: 4.4479866 Ys: 2.7939131 Publish year: 2017 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effects of Dietary Flavonoids on Reverse Cholesterol Transport, HDL Metabolism, and HDL Function abstract: Strong experimental evidence confirms that HDL directly alleviates atherosclerosis. HDL particles display diverse atheroprotective functions in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic processes. In certain inflammatory disease states, however, HDL particles may become dysfunctional and proatherogenic. Flavonoids show the potential to improve HDL function through their well- documented effects on cellular antioxidant status and inflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize the basic science and clinical research examining the effects of dietary flavonoids on RCT and HDL function. Based on preclinical studies that used cell culture and rodent models, it appears that many flavonoids (e.g., anthocyanidins, flavonols, and flavone subclasses) influence RCT and HDL function beyond simple HDL cholesterol concentration by regulating cellular cholesterol efflux from macrophages and hepatic paraoxonase 1 expression and activity. In clinical studies, dietary anthocyanin intake is associated with beneficial changes in serum biomarkers related to HDL function in a variety of human populations (e.g., in those who are hyperlipidemic, hypertensive, or diabetic), including increased HDL cholesterol concentration, as well as HDL antioxidant and cholesterol efflux capacities. However, clinical research on HDL functionality is lacking for some flavonoid subclasses (e.g., flavanols, flavones, flavanones, and isoflavones). Although there has been a tremendous effort to develop HDL-targeted drug therapies, more research is warranted on how the intake of foods or specific nutrients affects HDL function.


Xs: 4.17515 Ys: 2.7736874 Publish year: 2006 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Favourable impact of low- calorie cranberry juice consumption on plasma HDL- Cholesterol concentrations in men abstract: A low HDL-cholesterol concentration is an independent risk factor for CVD. Studies have suggested that flavonoid consumption may be cardioprotective, and a favourable impact on circulating HDL-cholesterol concentrations has been suggested to partially explain this association. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of consuming increasing daily doses of low-calorie cranberry juice cocktail (CJC) on the plasma lipid profile of abdominally obese men. For that purpose, thirty men (mean age 51 (SD 10) years) consumed increasing doses of CJC during three successive periods of 4 weeks (125 ml/d, 250 ml/d, 500 ml/d). Before the study and after each phase, we measured changes in physical and metabolic variables. We noted a significant increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration after the consumption of 250 ml CJC/d (+8.6+/-14.0% v. 0 ml CJC/d; P<0.01), an effect that plateaued during the last phase of the study (500 ml CJC/d: +8.1+/-10.0% v. 0 ml CJC/d; P<0.0001). Multivariate analyses revealed that changes in plasma apo A-I (R(2)=48%, P<0.0001) and triacylglycerol (R(2)=16%, P<0.005) concentrations were the only variables significantly contributing to the variation in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration noted in response to the intervention. No variation was observed in total as well as in LDL and VLDL cholesterol. The present results show that daily CJC consumption is associated with an increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in abdominally obese men. We hypothesise that polyphenolic compounds from cranberries may be responsible for this effect, supporting the notion that the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods can be cardioprotective.


Xs: 4.268273 Ys: 2.7020204 Publish year: 2018 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Long‐Term Supplementation of Black Elderberry Promotes Hyperlipidemia, but Reduces Liver Inflammation and Improves HDL Function and Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability in Apolipoprotein E‐Knockout Mice abstract: Scope
: HDL particles are protective against atherosclerosis but may become dysfunctional during inflammation and chronic disease progression. Anthocyanin‐rich foods, such as black elderberry, may improve HDL function and prevent disease development via antioxidant and/or anti‐inflammatory effects. Therefore, we investigated whether long‐term consumption of black elderberry extract (BEE) influenced HDL function and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein (apo) E−/− mice.

Methods and Results
: ApoE−/− mice (n = 12/group) were fed a low‐fat diet, supplemented with 0, 0.25%, or 1% (by weight) BEE (∼37.5‐150 mg anthocyanins/kg body weight) for 24 weeks. Feeding 1% BEE increased total serum cholesterol (+31%) and non‐HDL cholesterol (+32%) compared to control diet. PON1 arylesterase (+32%) and lactonase (+45%) activities also increased with the 1% BEE diet. Both 0.25% BEE and 1% BEE diets strongly increased HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) by 64% and 85%, respectively. Further, BEE dose‐dependently lowered serum liver enzymes and hepatic inflammatory gene expression. Although there was no change in neutral lipid accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions, BEE promoted connective tissue deposition in the aortic root.

Conclusions
: Chronic BEE supplementation in apoE−/− mice dose‐dependently improved HDL function. Despite BEE promoting hyperlipidemia, which likely offset HDL effects, BEE increased connective tissue content, suggesting improved atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Xs: 3.0681982 Ys: 1.6411551 Publish year: 2011 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Relationship between ultra-processed foods and metabolic syndrome in adolescents from a Brazilian Family Doctor Program abstract: Objective:
To estimate the association between food intake and metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Design:
Cross-sectional design conducted from July 2006 to December 2007.

Setting:
Adolescents assisted by the Family Doctor Program (FDP) in Niterói, a metropolitan area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

Subjects:
Survey of 210 adolescents. Individuals with three or more of the following components of MetS were classified as having this syndrome: TAG ≥ 110 mg/dl; HDL cholesterol < 50 mg/dl for girls aged 12-19 years and boys aged 12-14 years or <45 mg/dl for boys aged 15-19 years; waist circumference ≥75th percentile; serum glucose >100 mg/dl; and blood pressure ≥90th percentile. A semi-quantitative FFQ was used, and foods were grouped as: unprocessed or minimally processed foods (Group 1), processed culinary and food industry ingredients (Group 2) and ultra-processed foods (Group 3). The associations between food consumption and MetS were adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural and family history covariates and were estimated using generalized estimation equations with the Poisson regression model.

Results:
MetS was diagnosed in 6·7 % of the adolescents; the most frequent diagnostic criteria included the reduction of HDL cholesterol (46·7 %), elevated serum glucose (17·1 %) and the elevation of waist circumference (16·7 %). Crude analysis showed higher average daily intakes of energy, carbohydrates and ultra-processed foods among adolescents with MetS. After statistical adjustment, the intake of ultra-processed foods (≥3rd quartile) remained associated with MetS (prevalence ratio = 2·5; P = 0·012).

Conclusions:
High consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with the prevalence of MetS in this adolescents group.


Xs: 2.4899075 Ys: 2.5790215 Publish year: 2022 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effect of Lycopene Intake on the Fasting Blood Glucose Level: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis abstract: Lycopene is a lipophilic unsaturated carotenoid exhibiting a strong singlet oxygen-quenching ability. Herein, we investigated the effect of lycopene intake on the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level by conducting a systematic review and meta-analyses. We searched 15 databases (from the earliest date to June 2022 for PubMed or to August or September 2018 for the other databases) and included human interventional studies that assessed the effects of oral lycopene intake on FBG levels of participants ≥ 18 years of age. Three authors independently selected applicable studies and then assessed the study quality. Data were pooled as standardized mean difference (SMD) and analyzed by the random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 statistics. A meta-analysis including 11 trial arms (n = 750) revealed a tendency towards a significant decrease in FBG level with not-important heterogeneity [SMD = −0.15 (95% CI: −0.31, 0.00), p = 0.05, I2 = 9%]. Subgroup meta-analysis including two studies (n = 152) in type 2 diabetes patients revealed significantly decreased FBG levels with not-important heterogeneity [SMD = −0.37 (95% CI: −0.69, −0.05), p = 0.02, I2 = 0%]. Most studies meeting the eligibility criteria had a moderate risk of bias. The funnel plot for FBG suggested an absence of publication bias. In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analyses suggested that lycopene intake exerted an FBG-decreasing effect.


Xs: 3.1087348 Ys: 1.5330633 Publish year: 2009 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Regular Consumption from Fast Food Establishments Relative to Other Restaurants Is Differentially Associated with Metabolic Outcomes in Young Adults abstract: Although away-from-home eating is adversely associated with weight, other comorbidities have not been examined; therefore, we sought to determine the associations of fast food (e.g. Wendy's, McDonalds) and restaurant (sit-down style) consumption (times per week) with weight and multiple metabolic outcomes, including homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), waist circumference, and plasma triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). We used 3 waves of data (exam y 7, 10, and 20) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, a prospective cohort study of black and white young adults [aged 25-42 y in 1992-93, n = 3643 (men, 1659; women, 1984)]. Individuals in the highest (vs. lowest) quartile of baseline (defined as the mean of y 7 and 10) fast food consumption had higher y 20 weight [adjusted mean (95% CI): 5.6 kg (CI, 2.1, 9.2); P = 0.002], HOMA-IR [0.9 (CI, 0.4, 1.3); P < 0.001], waist circumference [5.3 cm (CI, 2.8, 7.9); P < 0.000], TG concentrations [0.25 mmol/L (CI, 0.10, 0.40), 22.7 mg/dL (CI, 9.1, 36.3); P = 0.001], and lower HDL-C concentrations [-0.014 mmol/L (CI, -0.215, -0.067), 5.4 mg/dL (CI, -8.3, -2.6); P < 0.000]. Baseline restaurant consumption was unrelated to y 20 outcomes. Adjusted change in weekly restaurant (P < 0.05) and fast food intake (P < 0.001) was associated with 13-y changes in body weight [0.09 kg (CI, 0.02, 0.17) and 0.15 kg (CI, 0.06, 0.24), respectively] and waist circumference [0.08 cm (CI, 0.02, 0.14) and 0.12 cm (CI, 0.04, 0.20), respectively]. Fast food consumption may be an important target for the prevention of adverse metabolic health outcomes.


Xs: 3.8051777 Ys: 2.893624 Publish year: 2015 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Acute Cocoa Supplementation Increases Postprandial HDL Cholesterol and Insulin in Obese Adults with Type 2 Diabetes after Consumption of a High-Fat Breakfast abstract: Dietary cocoa is an important source of flavonoids and is associated with favorable cardiovascular disease effects, such as improvements in vascular function and lipid profiles, in nondiabetic adults. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with adverse effects on postprandial serum glucose, lipids, inflammation, and vascular function.
We examined the hypothesis that cocoa reduces metabolic stress in obese T2D adults after a high-fat fast-food-style meal.
Adults with T2D [n = 18; age (means ± SEs): 56 ± 3 y; BMI (in kg/m(2)): 35.3 ± 2.0; 14 women; 4 men) were randomly assigned to receive cocoa beverage (960 mg total polyphenols; 480 mg flavanols) or flavanol-free placebo (110 mg total polyphenols; <0.1 mg flavanols) with a high-fat fast-food-style breakfast [766 kcal, 50 g fat (59% energy)] in a crossover trial. After an overnight fast (10-12 h), participants consumed the breakfast with cocoa or placebo, and blood sample collection [glucose, insulin, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] and vascular measurements were conducted at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h postprandially on each study day. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment.
Over the 6-h study, and specifically at 1 and 4 h, cocoa increased HDL cholesterol vs. placebo (overall Δ: 1.5 ± 0.8 mg/dL; P ≤ 0.01) but had no effect on total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and hsCRP. Cocoa increased serum insulin concentrations overall (Δ: 5.2 ± 3.2 mU/L; P < 0.05) and specifically at 4 h but had no overall effects on insulin resistance (except at 4 h, P < 0.05), systolic or diastolic blood pressure, or small artery elasticity. However, large artery elasticity was overall lower after cocoa vs. placebo (Δ: -1.6 ± 0.7 mL/mm Hg; P < 0.05), with the difference significant only at 2 h.
Acute cocoa supplementation showed no clear overall benefit in T2D patients after a high-fat fast-food-style meal challenge. Although HDL cholesterol and insulin remained higher throughout the 6-h postprandial period, an overall decrease in large artery elasticity was found after cocoa consumption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01886989.
© 2015 American Society for Nutrition.


Xs: 3.1584637 Ys: 1.9317826 Publish year: 2019 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Dietary Intakes Are Associated with HDL-Cholesterol in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia abstract: Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) are at high risk of developing dyslipidemia, including low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). This study aimed to examine the associations between food/nutrient intake and the levels of HDL-C in a cohort of children and young adult survivors of cALL. Eligible participants (n = 241) were survivors of cALL (49.4% boys; median age: 21.7 years old) recruited as part of the PETALE study. Nutritional data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood was used to determine participants’ lipid profile. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to evaluate the associations between intakes of macro- and micronutrients and food groups and plasma lipids. We found that 41.3% of cALL survivors had at least one abnormal lipid value. Specifically, 12.2% had high triglycerides, 17.4% high LDL-cholesterol, and 23.1% low HDL-C. Low HDL-C was inversely associated with high intake (third vs. first tertile) of several nutrients: proteins (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08–0.92), zinc (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08–0.84), copper (OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12–0.99), selenium (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05–0.59), niacin (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08–0.84), riboflavin (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12–0.76) and vitamin B12 (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13–0.90). High meat consumption was also inversely associated (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09–0.83) with low HDL-C while fast food was positively associated (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.03–5.63) with low HDL-C. The role of nutrition in the development of dyslipidemia after cancer treatment needs further investigation.


Xs: 4.1868467 Ys: 2.7256136 Publish year: 2009 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Anthocyanin supplementation improves serum LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations associated with the inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in dyslipidemic subjects abstract: Anthocyanins have been shown to exert benefits on the lipid profile in many animal models. Whether these molecules have similar beneficial effects in humans is currently unknown.
The objective was to investigate the effects of berry-derived anthocyanin supplements on the serum lipid profile in dyslipidemic patients.
A total of 120 dyslipidemic subjects (age 40-65 y) were given 160 mg anthocyanins twice daily or placebo for 12 wk in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Anthocyanin consumption increased HDL-cholesterol concentrations (13.7% and 2.8% in the anthocyanin and placebo groups, respectively; P < 0.001) and decreased LDL-cholesterol concentrations (13.6% and -0.6% in the anthocyanin and placebo groups, respectively; P < 0.001). Cellular cholesterol efflux to serum increased more in the anthocyanin group than in the placebo group (20.0% and 0.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). Anthocyanin supplementation decreased the mass and activity of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) (10.4% and 6.3%, respectively, in the anthocyanin group and -3.5% and 1.1%, respectively, in the placebo group; P < 0.001). In the anthocyanin group, the change in HDL cholesterol was negatively correlated with the change in CETP activity (r(s) = -0.330). The change in LDL cholesterol was positively correlated with the change in CETP mass (r(s) = 0.354). The change in cellular cholesterol efflux to serum was positively correlated with the change in HDL cholesterol (r(s) = 0.485). In vitro, cyanidin 3-O-beta-glucosides dose-dependently lowered CETP activity in human HepG2 cells.
Anthocyanin supplementation in humans improves LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations and enhances cellular cholesterol efflux to serum. These benefits may be due to the inhibition of CETP.