Xs: 2.9891384 Ys: 1.6871438 Publish year: 2003 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Patterns of food consumption and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the general Dutch population1–3 abstract: Background: Few studies have examined food consumption patterns in relation to biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Objective: The objective of the study was to describe food consumption patterns in the general Dutch population and their association with cardiovascular risk factors.
Design: We performed a cross-sectional study of 19 750 randomly selected men and women aged 20–65 y from 3 Dutch municipalities. Food consumption patterns were identified with the use of factor analysis of data from a validated food-frequency questionnaire.
Results: Three food consumption patterns were identified: the “cosmopolitan” pattern (greater intakes of fried vegetables, salad, rice, chicken, fish, and wine), the “traditional” pattern (greater intakes of red meat and potatoes and lesser intakes of low-fat dairy and fruit), and the “refined-foods” pattern (greater intakes of French fries, high-sugar beverages, and white bread and lesser intakes of whole-grain bread and boiled vegetables). Higher scores for the traditional pattern were associated with older age, and higher scores for the refined-foods pattern were associated with younger age, but both were associated with lower educational level, cigarette smoking, less physical activity, and higher body mass index. Independent of other lifestyle factors and body mass index, the cosmopolitan-pattern score was significantly associated with lower blood pressure and higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations, and the traditional-pattern score was associated with higher blood pressure and higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and glucose. The refined-foods-pattern score was associated with higher total cholesterol concentrations and lower intakes of micronutrients.
Conclusion: In this Dutch population, food consumption patterns were independently associated with blood pressure and plasma glucose and cholesterol concentrations.


Xs: 3.167614 Ys: 1.9979249 Publish year: 2021 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Weight loss and its influence on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations: A noble clinical hesitation abstract: S u m m a r y

Background & aims: The relationship between obesity, weight loss, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is poorly recognized and understood. Methods: Through an emphasis on current studies, in this viewpoint, we provide further scientific and medical considerations on the relationship between weight loss and the management of HDL-C levels. Results: Long-term adherence to a low-calorie diet is a determinant of weight loss, with weight loss and/ or normal weight being important clinical conditions to lower risk for the development of cardiometabolic dysregulations and cardiovascular diseases. These benefits appear to be independent of variations in serum lipids and lipoproteins. Indeed, there is a paradoxical link between weight loss and HDL-C levels, which can result in both increases and reductions in the concentrations of this recognized biomarker of cardiovascular health. Conclusions: Care should be exercised in order to avoid overvalued clinical recommendations in the management of HDL-C levels. Further hesitation is needed for health practitioners as well as skepticism surrounding science.


Xs: 3.932124 Ys: 2.8349354 Publish year: 2017 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Phenol-enriched olive oils improve HDL antioxidant content in hypercholesterolemic subjects. A randomised, double-blind, cross-over, controlled trial abstract: At present, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function is thought to be more relevant than HDL cholesterol quantity. Consumption of olive oil phenolic compounds (PCs) has beneficial effects on HDL-related markers. Enriched food with complementary antioxidants could be a suitable option to obtain additional protective effects. Our aim was to ascertain whether virgin olive oils (VOOs) enriched with (a) their own PC (FVOO) and (b) their own PC plus complementary ones from thyme (FVOOT) could improve HDL status and function. Thirty-three hypercholesterolemic individuals ingested (25 ml/day, 3 weeks) (a) VOO (80 ppm), (b) FVOO (500 ppm) and (c) FVOOT (500 ppm) in a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial. A rise in HDL antioxidant compounds was observed after both functional olive oil interventions. Nevertheless, α-tocopherol, the main HDL antioxidant, was only augmented after FVOOT versus its baseline. In conclusion, long-term consumption of phenol-enriched olive oils induced a better HDL antioxidant content, the complementary phenol-enriched olive oil being the one which increased the main HDL antioxidant, α-tocopherol. Complementary phenol-enriched olive oil could be a useful dietary tool for improving HDL richness in antioxidants.


Xs: 3.4994874 Ys: 1.8839074 Publish year: 2017 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Intake of up to 3 Eggs/Day Increases HDL Cholesterol and Plasma Choline While Plasma Trimethylamine-N-oxide is Unchanged in a Healthy Population abstract: Eggs are a source of cholesterol and choline and may impact plasma lipids and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations, which are biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, the effects of increasing egg intake (0, 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day) on these and other CVD risk biomarkers were evaluated in a young, healthy population. Thirty-eight subjects [19 men/19 women, 24.1 ± 2.2 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.3 ± 2.5 kg/m²] participated in this 14-week crossover intervention. Participants underwent a 2-week washout with no egg consumption, followed by intake of 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day for 4 weeks each. Anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP), dietary records, and plasma biomarkers (lipids, glucose, choline, and TMAO) were measured during each intervention phase. BMI, waist circumference, systolic BP, plasma glucose, and plasma triacylglycerol did not change throughout the intervention. Diastolic BP decreased with egg intake (P < 0.05). Compared to 0 eggs/day, intake of 1 egg/day increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) (P < 0.05), and decreased LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) (P < 0.05) and the LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (P < 0.01). With intake of 2–3 eggs/day, these changes were maintained. Plasma choline increased dose-dependently with egg intake (P < 0.0001) while fasting plasma TMAO was unchanged. These results indicate that in a healthy population, consuming up to 3 eggs/day results in an overall beneficial effect on biomarkers associated with CVD risk, as documented by increased HDL-c, a reduced LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, and increased plasma choline in combination with no change in plasma LDL-c or TMAO concentrations.


Xs: 3.3229926 Ys: 2.2503793 Publish year: 2018 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: HDL subfraction changes with a low-fat, plant-based Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) abstract: Background and objectives:
Low HDL concentrations are considered an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Interventions promoting a low-fat, plant-based eating pattern appear to reduce CVD risk while paradoxically also reducing HDL concentrations. Recent studies show HDL to comprise a range of subfractions, but the role these play in ameliorating the risk of CVD is unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterise changes in HDL subfractions in participants where HDL decreased following the CHIP intervention which promotes a low-fat, plant-based diet, with physical activity.

Methods and study design:
Individuals (n=22; mean age=55.4±16.3 years; 45.5% men, 54.5% women) participating in a CHIP intervention were assessed at baseline and 30 days for changes in BMI, blood pressure, lipid profile, (including large-, intermediate- and small-HDL subfractions) and fasting glucose.

Results:
HDL significantly decreased (10.6%, p<0.001) together with BMI (2.5%, p=0.028), systolic blood pressure (7.1%, p=-0.005), total cholesterol (9.5%, p=0.002), LDL (11.2%, p=0.007) and fasting glucose (8.2%, p=0.028). Triglycerides (TG) did not significantly change. Physical activity (22.7%, p=0.016) and consumption of whole plant-foods (13.9%, p=0.003) significantly increased, while nonplant (energy and animal) foods decreased (43.1%, p=0.009). Large-, intermediate- and small-HDL decreased (-10.0%, p=0.003; -8.3%, p=0.013 and 22%, p=0.005, respectively).

Conclusions:
This paper discusses specific changes in HDL subfractions when overall-HDL decreases as a response to low fat, whole-food, plant-based eating and exercise. Additional research is required to elucidate the reasons through which behavioural therapies remodel the HDL particle and how this impacts the functional properties of HDL and CVD risk.


Xs: 3.1855896 Ys: 1.46392 Publish year: 2015 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Food Insecurity and Dyslipidemia in a Representative Population-Based Sample in the US abstract: The association of food insecurity with dyslipidemia has not been firmly established. The main objective of this study was to assess whether food insecurity was associated with dyslipidemia.
A population-based sample of 1,663 adults from the 2008-2011 Survey of the Health of Wisconsin was used. Food insecurity was defined as an affirmative response to either of the questions: 1) "In the last 12 months, have you been concerned about having enough food for you or your family?" 2) "In the last 12 months, have your food choices been limited because there wasn't enough money?" High total cholesterol was defined as total cholesterol (TC) >240 mg/dL or taking prescribed lipid-lowering medication. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was defined as <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women.
Food insecurity was not associated with high TC either among men or women. Food insecurity was associated with a higher likelihood of low HDL-C among women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.31 {95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42, 3.76}), but not among men. Obesity appears to be a partial mediator of the association among women (P from the Sobel test= 0.01). Conclusion These findings suggest that food insecurity may contribute to an increased risk of low HDL-C in women.
Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.


Xs: 3.2448764 Ys: 1.5884924 Publish year: 2018 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Lower vitamin D intake is associated with low HDL cholesterol and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in Brazilian children abstract: Objective
To evaluate the association of vitamin D intake with dyslipidaemia and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in Brazilian children and identify the main food group sources of this nutrient in the sample.

Design
A cross-sectional study carried out with a representative sample. Blood was collected after 12 h of fasting. Laboratory tests were performed to determine total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol, TAG, apoB, apoA1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone. Dietary intake was evaluated by a 24 h recall.

Setting
Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Subjects
Children between 8 and 9 years old enrolled in urban schools ( n 378).

Results
We found an elevated prevalence of inadequate vitamin D intake (91·3 %), dyslipidaemia (72·8 %) and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (56·2 %). The food groups that contributed the most to vitamin D intake were dairy products and fish. Lower vitamin D intake was associated with increased prevalence of both low HDL-C (prevalence ratio=2·51; 95 % CI 1·02, 6·18; P <0·05) and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (prevalence ratio=1·61; 95 % CI 1·01, 2·58; P <0·05).

Conclusions
Given the elevated prevalence of inadequate vitamin D intake and its association with low HDL-C and vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency, it is important to develop specific actions in food and nutritional education as well as programmes that stimulate and facilitate access to vitamin D food sources, such as dairy products and fish.


Xs: 4.448115 Ys: 2.608418 Publish year: 2012 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Freeze-dried jaboticaba peel added to high-fat diet increases HDL-cholesterol and improves insulin resistance in obese rats abstract: Jaboticaba (Myrciaria spp.) is a Brazilian fruit with high concentrations of anthocyanins in the peel which have shown antioxidant effects and possible benefits on obesity and insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of freeze-dried jaboticaba peel (FJP) added to high-fat diet on the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed control diet, high-fat diet (HF) and HF diets added with 1, 2 and 4% of FJP. Energy intake, weight gain, body composition, serum glucose, and lipid and hormonal profiles were determined. Glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance and HOMA-IR index were determined. The consumption of 1, 2 and 4% FJP reduced serum insulin (47, 57 and 52%, respectively) and HOMA-IR (40, 54 and 48%, respectively). In addition, 2% FJP showed to increase HDL-cholesterol levels by 41.65% compared to HF control. Other parameters showed no significant changes. In conclusion, the consumption of FJP showed to increase HDL-cholesterol and improve insulin resistance in experimental animals.


Xs: 3.8576953 Ys: 2.687517 Publish year: 2015 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Complementary phenol-enriched olive oil improves HDL characteristics in hypercholesterolemic subjects. A randomised, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial. The VOHF study abstract: Consumption of olive oil (OO) phenolic-compounds (PC) has beneficial effects on lipid-profile. HDL functionality is currently considered to be a more important issue than its circulating quantity. Our aim was to assess whether functional virgin OOs (FVOOs), one enriched with its own PC (500 ppm;FVOO) and another with OOPC (250 ppm) plus additional complementary-PC from thyme (250 ppm) (total:500ppm;FVOOT), could improve HDL functionality-related properties versus a virgin OO-control (80 ppm;VOO).
In a randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial, 33 hypercholesterolemic-volunteers received during 3-weeks 25 ml/day of: VOO, FVOO, and FVOOT. HDL-C increased 5.74% (p<0.05) versus its baseline after the FVOOT consumption in the participants without hypolipidemic-medication. We detected, after FVOOT, an increase of HDL2- subclass (34.45,SD6.38) versus VOO (32.73,SD6.71). An increment of esterified-cholesterol/free-cholesterol and phospholipids/free-cholesterol in HDL were observed after FVOOT (1.73,SD 0.56;5.44,SD1.39) compared with VOO (1.53,SD 0.35;4.97,SD0.81) and FVOO (1.50,SD0.33;4.97,SD0.81). Accordingly, LCAT-mass increased after FVOOT (1228 ug/mL,SD130), compared with VOO (1160 ug/mL,SD144). An improvement in HDL oxidative-status was reflected after FVOOT versus its baseline, given an increment in the paraoxonase activity (118·10(3) U/L,SD24).
FVOOT improves: HDL-subclass distribution and composition, and metabolism/antioxidant enzyme activities. FVOOT could be a useful dietary-tool in the management of high-cardiovascular risk patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Xs: 3.635737 Ys: 2.7398615 Publish year: 2005 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Lupin kernel fibre-enriched foods beneficially modify serum lipids in men abstract: To examine the effect of a diet containing a novel legume food ingredient, Australian sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) kernel fibre (LKFibre), compared to a control diet without the addition of LKFibre, on serum lipids in men.
Randomized crossover dietary intervention study.
Melbourne, Australia--Free-living men.
A total of 38 healthy males between the ages of 24 and 64 y completed the intervention.
Subjects consumed an LKFibre and a control diet for 1 month each. Both diets had the same background menus with seven additional experimental foods that either contained LKFibre or did not. Depending on energy intake, the LKFibre diet was designed to contain an additional 17 to 30 g/day fibre beyond that of the control diet.
Compared to the control diet, the LKFibre diet reduced total cholesterol (TC) (mean+/-s.e.m.; 4.5+/-1.7%; P=0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (5.4+/-2.2%; P=0.001), TC: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (3.0+/-2.0%; P=0.006) and LDL-C:HDL-C (3.8+/-2.6%; P=0.003). No effects on HDL-C, triacylglycerols, glucose or insulin were observed.
Addition of LKFibre to the diet provided favourable changes to some serum lipid measures in men, which, combined with its high palatability, suggest this novel ingredient may be useful in the dietary reduction of coronary heart disease risk.


Xs: 3.924179 Ys: 2.739714 Publish year: 2022 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Lycopene-rich diets modulate HDL functionality and associated inflammatory markers without affecting lipoprotein size and distribution in moderately overweight, disease-free, middle-aged adults: A randomized controlled trial abstract: Background
The consumption of lycopene-rich foods may lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Lycopene circulates in the blood bound to lipoproteins, including high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Preliminary data from our group showed that increased consumption of tomato-based food or lycopene supplement in middle-aged subjects led to functional changes to HDL's sub-fractions, HDL2 and HDL3. These changes were also associated with a decrease in serum amyloid A (SAA), potentially enhancing their anti-atherogenic properties.

Objective
We carried out a comprehensive randomized controlled intervention trial with healthy middle-aged volunteers to assess whether the consumption of tomato-based foods or lycopene supplements affects HDL functionality and associated inflammatory markers, and lipoprotein subfractions size and distribution.

Design
Volunteers (225, aged 40–65 years) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary intervention groups and asked to consume a control diet (low in tomato-based foods, <10 mg lycopene/week), a lycopene-rich diet (224–350 mg lycopene/week), or the control diet with a lycopene supplement (70 mg lycopene/week). HDL2 and HDL3 were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Compliance was monitored by assessing lycopene concentration in serum. Systemic and HDL-associated inflammation was assessed by measuring SAA concentrations. HDL functionality was determined by monitoring paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities. The lipoprotein subfractions profile was assessed by NMR.

Results
Lycopene in serum and HDL significantly increased following consumption of both the high tomato diet and lycopene supplement (p ≤ 0.001 for both). Lycopene, either as a tomato-rich food or a supplement, enhanced both serum- and HDL3-PON-1 activities (p ≤ 0.001 and p = 0.036, respectively), while significantly reducing HDL3-SAA-related inflammation (p = 0.001). Lycopene supplement also significantly increased HDL3-LCAT activity (p = 0.05), and reduced the activity of both HDL2- and HDL3-CETP (p = 0.005 and p = 0.002, respectively). These changes were not associated with changes in the subclasses distribution for all lipoprotein fractions or the size of lipoprotein subclasses.

Conclusion
Our results showed that dietary lycopene can significantly enhance HDL functionality, without associated changes in particle size and distribution, by modulating the activity of HDL-associated enzymes. Concomitantly, dietary lycopene significantly decreased serum- and HDL3-associated SAA, confirming that SAA may represent a sensitive inflammatory biomarker to dietary change.

Clinical Trial Register
(https://www.isrctn.com), ISRCTN34203810.


Xs: 3.6259189 Ys: 3.0718913 Publish year: 2019 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effects of dietary apple polyphenol supplementation on carcass traits, meat quality, muscle amino acid and fatty acid composition in finishing pigs abstract: As health awareness strengthening, consumers have changed their focus to purchase safer, heathier and higher quality and nutritional value meat. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary apple polyphenols (APPs) supplementation in finishing pigs could provide pork with high quality and nutritional value. Thirty-six castrated Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire pigs with an average body weight of 71.25 ± 2.40 kg were randomly divided into three treatments and fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0, 400 or 800 mg/kg APPs for 7 weeks. The results showed that dietary 800 mg/kg APPs supplementation not only decreased backfat thickness and abdominal adipose tissue index but also decreased L* (lightness) and b* (yellowness) in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. LD muscle crude protein content, the proportions of essential amino acids, flavor amino acids and total amino acids, as well as amino acid transporters (SLC7A1, SLC7A2, SLC7A7, SLC1A2) mRNA levels were increased by 800 mg/kg APPs. The proportions of docosahexaenoic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the ratio of PUFA to saturated fatty acid in LD muscle were increased by 400 mg/kg APPs. Meanwhile, dietary 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg APPs supplementation decreased the contents of blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol, as well as increased the content of inosinic acid in LD muscle. In conclusion, these results suggested that dietary 800 mg/kg APPs supplementation improved carcass traits, meat color and meat flavor in finishing pigs. These results also suggested that dietary 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg APPs supplementation improved meat nutritional value in finishing pigs. The present study provides effective evidence for application of APPs in healthy high-quality and nutritional value pork production.


Xs: 3.2942023 Ys: 2.2859504 Publish year: 2018 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Saturated Fats from Butter but Not from Cheese Increase HDL-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux Capacity from J774 Macrophages in Men and Women with Abdominal Obesity abstract: Background:
Recent evidence suggests that the association between dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and coronary artery disease risk varies according to food sources. How SFAs from butter and cheese influence HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), a key process in reverse cholesterol transport, is currently unknown.

Objective:
In a predefined secondary analysis of a previously published trial, we have examined how diets rich in SFAs from either cheese or butter influence HDL-mediated CEC, compared with diets rich in either monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

Methods:
In a randomized crossover controlled consumption trial, 46 men and women with abdominal obesity consumed 5 isocaloric diets, each for 4 wk. Two diets were rich in SFAs either from cheese (CHEESE) or butter (BUTTER) [12.4-12.6% of energy (%E) as SFAs, 32%E as fat, 52%E as carbohydrates]. In 2 other diets, SFAs (5.8%E) were replaced with either MUFAs from refined olive oil (MUFA) or PUFAs from corn oil (PUFA). Finally, a lower fat and carbohydrate diet was used as a control (5.8%E as SFAs, 25.0%E as fat, 59%E as carbohydrates; CHO). Post-diet HDL-mediated CEC was determined ex vivo using radiolabelled J774 macrophages incubated with apolipoprotein B-depleted serum from the participants.

Results:
Mean (±SD) age was 41.4 ± 14.2 y, and waist circumference was 107.6 ± 11.5 cm in men and 94.3 ± 12.4 cm in women. BUTTER and MUFA increased HDL-mediated CEC compared with CHEESE (+4.3%, P = 0.026 and +4.7%, P = 0.031, respectively). Exploring the significant diet × sex interaction (P = 0.044) revealed that the increase in HDL-mediated CEC after BUTTER compared with CHEESE was significant among men (+6.0%, P = 0.047) but not women (+2.9%, P = 0.19), whereas the increase after MUFA compared with CHEESE was significant among women (+9.1%, P = 0.008) but not men (-0.6%, P = 0.99).

Conclusion:
These results provide evidence of a food matrix effect modulating the impact of dairy SFAs on HDL-mediated CEC with potential sex-related differences that deserve further investigation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02106208.


Xs: 3.1415555 Ys: 2.2346878 Publish year: 2006 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effect of a diet and exercise intervention on inflammatory/anti-inflammatory properties of HDL in men with cardiovascular risk factors abstract: There is significant debate regarding high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high-fiber, low-fat diets. The present study was designed to examine the effects of lifestyle modification on the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory properties of HDL in obese men (n = 22) with metabolic syndrome factors. Subjects were placed on a high-fiber, low-fat diet in a 3-wk residential program where food was provided ad libitum and daily aerobic exercise was performed. Fasting blood was drawn pre- and postintervention for serum lipids, lipid hydroperoxides, and the ability of subject HDL to alter low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced monocyte chemotactic activity (MCA) in a human artery wall coculture. Induction of MCA by control LDL in the absence of HDL was normalized to 1.0. Values >1.0 after HDL addition indicated proinflammatory HDL; values <1.0 indicated anti-inflammatory HDL. In addition, proteins involved in regulating HDL function, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), paraoxonase 1 and 3, and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase were measured. After 3 wk, decreases in total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, and lipid hydroperoxides (all P < 0.05) were noted. The HDL inflammatory index decreased (P < 0.05) from pro- (1.14 +/- 0.11) to anti-inflammatory (0.94 +/- 0.09). ApoA-I level and paraoxonase activity did not change; however, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity increased (P < 0.05). Despite a quantitative reduction in HDL-C, HDL converted from pro- to anti-inflammatory. These data indicate that intensive lifestyle modification improves the function of HDL even in the face of reduced levels, suggesting increased turnover of proinflammatory HDL.


Xs: 3.5756772 Ys: 2.4584339 Publish year: 2005 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Functional foods for coronary heart disease risk reduction: A meta-analysis using a multivariate approach abstract: It has been difficult to identify the appropriate bioactive substance for the development of new functional foods associated with coronary heart disease, because the results of many clinical studies are contradictory.
The objective of this study was to use the multivariate statistical approach known as principal component analysis (PCA) followed by a mixed model to process data obtained from a meta-analysis aimed at evaluating simultaneously the effect of ingestion of 1 of 3 types of bioactive substances (n-3 fatty acids, soluble fibers, and phytosterols) on 1 or more of 4 biomarkers (plasma total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol).
Five independent variables (number of patients per study, dose, age, body mass index, and treatment length) and 4 dependent variables (percentage change in blood total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triacylglycerol) from 159 studies and substudies were organized into a matrix. The original values were converted to linear correlation units, which resulted in a new matrix.
Two principal components were enough to explain 63.73% and 84.27% of the variance in the independent and dependent variables, respectively. Phytosterols and soluble fibers had a hypocholesterolemic effect, whereas n-3 fatty acids lowered triacylglycerol and increased total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol. The PCA and mixed model showed that this behavior was independent of dose, number of patients per study, age, and body mass index but was associated with treatment length.
PCA is useful for summarizing available scientific information in examinations of health claims for foods and supplements.


Xs: 3.1722512 Ys: 1.9678892 Publish year: 2019 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Fat from dairy foods and ‘meat’ consumed within recommended levels is associated with favourable serum cholesterol levels in institutionalised older adults abstract: CVD is common in older adults. Consumption of ‘meat’ (beef, pork, lamb, game, poultry, seafood, eggs) and dairy foods (milk, cheese, yoghurt) is encouraged in older adults as these foods provide protein and nutrients such as essential fatty acids, Ca, Fe, Zn and vitamins A, D and B 12 required for healthy ageing. However, these foods also contain saturated fats considered detrimental to cardiovascular health. To determine the effect of their consumption on CVD risk we assessed associations between fat intake from ‘meat’ and dairy foods and serum cholesterol levels in 226 aged-care residents (mean age 85·5 years, 70 % female). Dietary intake was determined over 2 d using visual estimation of plate waste. Fat content of foods was determined using nutrition analysis software (Xyris, Australia). Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were measured, and the TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio calculated. Associations were determined using random-effect models adjusted for CVD risk factors using STATA/IC 13.0. Total fat and saturated fat from ‘meat’ and dairy foods were associated with higher serum HDL-cholesterol levels, and dairy fat intake and number of servings were associated with a lower TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio. Every 10 g higher intake of fat and saturated fat from dairy products, and each additional serving was associated with a −0·375 (95 % CI −0·574, −0·175; P = 0·0002), a −0·525 (95 % CI −0·834, −0·213; P = 0·001) and a −0·245 (95 % CI −0·458, −0·033; P = 0·024) lower TC:HDL-cholesterol ratio, respectively. Provision of dairy foods and ‘meat’ in recommended amounts to institutionalised older adults potentially improves intakes of key nutrients with limited detriment to cardiovascular health.


Xs: 3.2730255 Ys: 2.7086468 Publish year: 2002 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Soluble fiber intake at a dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for a claim of health benefits: Serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease assessed in a randomized controlled crossover trial abstract: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved health claims for 2 dietary fibers, beta-glucan (0.75 g/serving) and psyllium (1.78 g/serving), on the assumption that 4 servings/d would reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
We assessed the efficacy of this dose of fibers in reducing serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Sixty-eight hyperlipidemic adults consumed a test (high-fiber) and a control low-fat (25% of energy), low-cholesterol (<150 mg/d) diet for 1 mo each in a randomized crossover study. The high-fiber diet included 4 servings/d of foods containing beta-glucan or psyllium that delivered 8 g/d more soluble fiber than did similar, unsupplemented foods in the control diet. Fasting blood samples and blood pressure readings were obtained at baseline and weeks 2 and 4, and the subjects' weight was monitored weekly.
Compared with the control diet, the high-fiber diet reduced total cholesterol (2.1 +/- 0.7%; P = 0.003), total:HDL cholesterol (2.9 +/- 0.8%; P = 0.001), LDL:HDL cholesterol (2.4 +/- 1.0%; P = 0.015), and apolipoprotein B:A-I (1.4 +/- 0.8%; P = 0.076). Applying the Framingham cardiovascular disease risk equation to the data confirmed a reduction in risk of 4.2 +/- 1.4% (P = 0.003). Small reductions in blood pressure were found after both diets. The subjects reported no significant differences in palatability or gastrointestinal symptoms between the diets.
The reduction in serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease supports the FDA's approval of a health claim for a dietary fiber intake of 4 servings/d. Although relatively small in terms of patient treatment, the reduction in cardiovascular disease risk is likely to be significant on a population basis.


Xs: 3.9703946 Ys: 2.476084 Publish year: 2017 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Functional foods and dietary supplements for the management of dyslipidaemia abstract: Dyslipidaemia is characterized by increased blood levels of total or LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, or decreased HDL cholesterol levels, and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidaemia has a high worldwide prevalence, and many patients are turning to alternatives to pharmacotherapy to manage their lipid levels. Lifestyle modification should be emphasized in all patients to reduce cardiovascular risk and can be initiated before pharmacotherapy in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Many functional foods and natural health products have been investigated for potential lipid-lowering properties. Those with good evidence for a biochemical effect on plasma lipid levels include soy protein, green tea, plant sterols, probiotic yogurt, marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids and red yeast rice. Other products such as seaweed, berberine, hawthorn and garlic might confer some limited benefit in certain patient groups. Although none of these products can reduce lipid levels to the same extent as statins, most are safe to use in addition to other lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy. Natural health products marketed at individuals with dyslipidaemia, such as policosanol, guggulsterone and resveratrol, have minimal definitive evidence of a biochemical benefit. Additional research is required in this field, which should include large, high-quality randomized controlled trials with long follow-up periods to investigate associations with cardiovascular end points.


Xs: 3.7554278 Ys: 2.4740283 Publish year: 2004 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Metabolic syndrome: Soybean foods and serum lipids abstract: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors of which central obesity, insulin resistance, increased triglycerides/decreased HDL cholesterol, and hypertension are major cardiovascular risk factors. The educational objectives of this review are to describe hypocholesteromic effects from soybean foods. Early Italian observations indicated that isolated soy protein lowered total cholesterol, especially the LDL component, in humans with elevated serum lipids. Whole soybeans, with their major phytoestrogen inflavones (genistein, daidzein, and glycetin) intact, are known to decrease both total and LDL cholesterol. Major early reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials in hyperlipidemic humans indicate a predictable range of decreases in serum lipids: total cholesterol (10-19%), LDL cholesterol (14-20%), and triglycerides (8-14%). Recent, large, randomized trials in postmenopausal women indicated that a soy protein component induces significant increases in HDL cholesterol. Therapy for metabolic syndrome must first be patient education, especially for predominant U.S. minority groups (Afro-, Latino-, and Native Americans). The four major preventive health educational facts necessary to reduce CHD/metabolic syndrome must now recognize that whole soybeans are abundant sources of: 1) vegetable protein, 2) high soluble fiber content, 3) virtual absence of saturated fat, though high in polyunsaturated fats, and 4) major phytoestrogens.


Xs: 2.852771 Ys: 1.7499464 Publish year: 2000 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods by adult Americans: Nutritional and health implications. The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 abstract: Current dietary guidance recommends limiting the intake of energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods, but little is known about recent consumption patterns of these foods.
The contribution of EDNP foods to the American diet and the associated nutritional and health implications were examined.
Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 15611; age >/=20 y) were used. EDNP categories included visible fats, nutritive sweeteners and sweetened beverages, desserts, and snacks. The potential independent associations of EDNP food intake with intakes of energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, and serum vitamin, lipid, and carotenoid profiles were examined with linear and logistic regression procedures.
EDNP foods supplied approximately 27% of energy intake; alcohol provided an additional 4%. The relative odds of consuming foods from all 5 food groups and of meeting the recommended dietary allowance or daily reference intake for protein and several micronutrients decreased with increasing EDNP food intake (P: < 0.0001). Energy intake and percentage of energy from fat were positively related to EDNP intake. Serum concentrations of vitamins A, E, C, and B-12; folate; several carotenoids; and HDL cholesterol were inversely related (P: </= 0. 0005) whereas serum homocysteine concentration was positively related (P: = 0.02) to EDNP food intake.
The results suggest that EDNP foods were consumed at the expense of nutrient-dense foods, resulting in 1) increased risk of high energy intake, 2) marginal micronutrient intake, 3) poor compliance with nutrient- and food group-related dietary guidance, and 4) low serum concentrations of vitamins and carotenoids.


Xs: 2.990976 Ys: 1.6399773 Publish year: 2013 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Non-HDL-cholesterol in an adolescent diabetes population abstract: Screening for dyslipidemia poses some challenges. Nonfasting lipid profiles frequently have elevated triglycerides. In addition, in the standard lipid profile, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a calculated value rather than a direct measurement and is triglyceride dependent. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) is an alternative method to assess for dyslipidemia and provides a single estimate of all atherogenic apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins.
To calculate the non-HDL-C in adolescents with diabetes and to evaluate risk factors associated with an elevated non-HDL-C and to compare the prevalence of dyslipidemia, defined by non-HDL-C, with the prevalence of dyslipidemia defined by LDL cholesterol in the SEARCH study.
Data were collected from 502 adolescent patients with diabetes and analyzed. Non-HDL-C was calculated and levels were categorized into normal, borderline, and high based on the National Cholesterol Education Program.
Lipid profile was performed in 370 patients, 92% of whom had type 1 diabetes. In the 339 subjects with type 1 diabetes, mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of those with normal non-HDL-C (8.6%) was significantly lower than the HbA1c of those with high non-HDL-C (9.6%) (P = .005). Subjects with normal non-HDL-C had a lower body mass index (BMI) z-score (0.4 ± 0.8) than the group with borderline and high non-HDL-C (0.75 ± 0.9%), P = .002. In the 31 subjects with type 2 diabetes, the mean HbA1c of those with normal non-HDL-C (8.1%) and those with borderline non-HDL-C (7.0%) was significantly lower than the mean HbA1c of those with high non-HDL-C (11.8%) (P = .04, and P = .009, respectively). In addition, the subjects with normal non-HDL-C had a lower BMI z-score (1.3 ± 1.3) than the group with borderline and high non-HDL-C (2.2 ± 0.6%), P = .03. The prevalence of dyslipidemia using non-HDL-C was similar to prevalence rates using LDL-C in the SEARCH study.
In adolescents with diabetes, non-HDL-C is increased with poorer diabetes control and higher BMI. It appears to be a superior nonfasting lipid screening test for adolescents with diabetes that can be readily calculated on a randomly obtained rather than fasting sample.


Xs: 4.327933 Ys: 2.9760704 Publish year: 2008 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Favorable effects of berry consumption on platelet function, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol1-3 abstract: Berries are a particularly rich source of polyphenols. They also contain other bioactive substances, such as vitamin C. Previous studies indicated that the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods (eg, cocoa, tea, and red wine) may induce beneficial changes in pathways related to cardiovascular health. Whether the consumption of berries has similar effects is unknown.
We aimed to investigate the effects of berry consumption on hemostatic function, serum lipids, and blood pressure (BP).
Middle-aged unmedicated subjects (n = 72) with cardiovascular risk factors consumed moderate amounts of berry or control products for 8 wk in a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention trial.
Berry consumption inhibited platelet function as measured with a platelet function analyzer (using collagen and ADP as platelet activator) [changes: 11% and -1.4% in the berry and control groups, respectively; P = 0.018, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)]. Plasma biomarkers of platelet activation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis did not change during the intervention. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentrations increased significantly more (P = 0.006, ANCOVA) in the berry than in the control group (5.2% and 0.6%, respectively), but total cholesterol and triacylglycerol remained unchanged. Systolic BP decreased significantly (P = 0.050, ANCOVA); the decrease mostly occurred in subjects with high baseline BP (7.3 mm Hg in highest tertile; P = 0.024, ANCOVA). Polyphenol and vitamin C concentrations in plasma increased, whereas other nutritional biomarkers (ie, folate, tocopherols, sodium, and potassium) were unaffected.
The consumption of moderate amounts of berries resulted in favorable changes in platelet function, HDL cholesterol, and BP. The results indicate that regular consumption of berries may play a role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.


Xs: 3.9749055 Ys: 2.570995 Publish year: 2006 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Soy-isoflavone-enriched foods and markers of lipid and glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women: Interactions with genotype and equol production abstract: The hypocholesterolemic effects of soy foods are well established, and it has been suggested that isoflavones are responsible for this effect. However, beneficial effects of isolated isoflavones on lipid biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk have not yet been shown.
The objective was to investigate the effects of isolated soy isoflavones on metabolic biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk, including plasma total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol; triacylglycerols; lipoprotein(a); the percentage of small dense LDL; glucose; nonesterified fatty acids; insulin; and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Differences with respect to single nucleotide polymorphisms in selected genes [ie, estrogen receptor alpha (XbaI and PvuII), estrogen receptor beta (AluI), and estrogen receptor beta(cx) (Tsp509I), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Glu298Asp), apolipoprotein E (Apo E2, E3, and E4), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (TaqIB), and leptin receptor (Gln223Arg)] and with respect to equol production were investigated.
Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 117) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover dietary intervention trial. Isoflavone-enriched (genistein-to-daidzein ratio of 2:1; 50 mg/d) or placebo cereal bars were consumed for 8 wk, with a wash-out period of 8 wk before the crossover.
Isoflavones did not have a significant beneficial effect on plasma concentrations of lipids, glucose, or insulin. A significant difference between the responses of HDL cholesterol to isoflavones and to placebo was found with estrogen receptor beta(cx) Tsp509I genotype AA, but not GG or GA.
Isoflavone supplementation, when provided in the form and dose used in this study, had no effect on lipid or other metabolic biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women but may increase HDL cholesterol in an estrogen receptor beta gene-polymorphic subgroup.


Xs: 3.3852494 Ys: 2.2239752 Publish year: 2016 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Dairy Foods and Dairy Fat on Cardiometabolic Risk abstract: Because regular-fat dairy products are a major source of cholesterol-raising saturated fatty acids (SFAs), current US and Canadian dietary guidelines for cardiovascular health recommend the consumption of low-fat dairy products. Yet, numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported rather mixed effects of reduced- and regular-fat dairy consumption on blood lipid concentrations and on many other cardiometabolic disease risk factors, such as blood pressure and inflammation markers. Thus, the focus on low-fat dairy in current dietary guidelines is being challenged, creating confusion within health professional circles and the public. This narrative review provides perspective on the research pertaining to the impact of dairy consumption and dairy fat on traditional and emerging cardiometabolic disease risk factors. This comprehensive assessment of evidence from RCTs suggests that there is no apparent risk of potential harmful effects of dairy consumption, irrespective of the content of dairy fat, on a large array of cardiometabolic variables, including lipid-related risk factors, blood pressure, inflammation, insulin resistance, and vascular function. This suggests that the purported detrimental effects of SFAs on cardiometabolic health may in fact be nullified when they are consumed as part of complex food matrices such as those in cheese and other dairy foods. Thus, the focus on low-fat dairy products in current guidelines apparently is not entirely supported by the existing literature and may need to be revisited on the basis of this evidence. Future studies addressing key research gaps in this area will be extremely informative to better appreciate the impact of dairy food matrices, as well as dairy fat specifically, on cardiometabolic health.


Xs: 3.5953918 Ys: 2.5079117 Publish year: 2009 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Choosing hamsters but not rats as a model for studying plasma cholesterol-lowering activity of functional foods abstract: Rats and hamsters are commonly used rodents to test the efficacy of cholesterol-lowering functional foods. In general, a diet containing 1% cholesterol for rats whereas a diet containing 0.1% cholesterol for hamsters is used to induce the hypercholesterolemia. The present study was carried out to compare hamsters with rats as a hypercholesterolemia model. Golden Syrian hamsters and Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and fed one of the four diets containing 0-0.9% cholesterol. Results demonstrated that serum total cholesterol (TC) in hamsters was raised 73-81% higher than that in rats fed the same cholesterol diets. Unlike rats in which HDL-C accounted very little for serum TC, the lipoprotein profile in hamsters was closer to that in humans. We investigated interaction of higher cholesterol diets with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and liver X receptor (LXR-alpha). Results showed hamsters and rats metabolized cholesterol differently. In view that hamsters synthesize and excrete cholesterol and bile acids in a manner similar to that in humans, it is concluded that hamsters but not rats shall be chosen as a model to study efficacy of cholesterol-lowering functional foods.


Xs: 3.774255 Ys: 2.703824 Publish year: 2022 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Extra-virgin olive oil improves HDL lipid fraction but not HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity: a double-blind, randomized, controlled, cross-over study (OLIVAUS) abstract: Olive oil (OO) polyphenols have been shown to improve high density lipoprotein (HDL) anti-atherogenic function, thus demonstrating beneficial effects against cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of extra-virgin high polyphenol olive oil (HPOO) vs. low polyphenol olive oil (LPOO) on the capacity of HDL to promote cholesterol efflux in healthy adults. In a double blind, randomized cross-over trial, 50 participants (aged 38.5±13.9 years, 66% females) were supplemented with a daily dose (60 mL) of HPOO (320 mg/kg polyphenols) or LPOO (86 mg/kg polyphenols) for 3-weeks. Following a 2-week wash-out period, participants crossed-over to the alternate treatment. Serum HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, circulating lipids (i.e., total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL, low density lipoprotein (LDL)) and anthropometrics were measured at baseline and follow-up. No significant between-group differences were observed. Furthermore, no significant changes in HDL cholesterol efflux were found within either the LPOO and HPOO treatment arms; mean changes were 0.54% (95% CI -0.29 to 1.37) and 0.10% (95% CI -0.74 to 0.94), respectively. Serum HDL increased significantly after LPOO and HPOO intake, by 0.13 mmol/L (95% CI 0.04 to 0.22) and 0.10 mmol/L (95% CI 0.02 to 0.19), respectively. A small but significant increase in LDL of 0.14 mmol/L (95% CI 0.001 to 0.28) was observed following the HPOO intervention. Our results suggest that additional research is warranted to further understand the effect of OO with different phenolic content on mechanisms of cholesterol efflux via different pathways in multi-ethnic populations with diverse diets.


Xs: 4.5005145 Ys: 2.4230301 Publish year: 2017 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Ginger extract increases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and serum HDL-cholesterol level in high-fat diet-fed rats abstract: Mitochondrial dysfunction and dyslipidemia are associated with obesity-linked metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ginger extract on muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) metabolism in high-fat diet-fed rats. Supplementation with ginger extract reduced final body weight and epididymal adipose tissue mass without affecting energy intake (p < 0.05). Ginger extract increased mitochondrial size and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content as well as key genes expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) and transcription factor A (Tfam) in skeletal muscle (p < 0.05). In addition, ginger extract elevated serum HDL-C along with up-regulating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) mRNA in liver (p < 0.05). These results suggest that ginger extract may have a beneficial effect against obesity-related metabolic disorders with elevating muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and serum HDL-C level.


Xs: 3.6774323 Ys: 2.3862607 Publish year: 2001 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Cholesterol lowering benefits of soy and linseed enriched foods abstract: Foods such as breads and breakfast cereals enriched with a combination of soy protein (soy grits and/or soy flour) and whole linseed are gaining popularity. Regular consumption of either whole grains or soy protein can lower risk factors for coronary heart disease. Furthermore, linseed is a rich source of the omega-3 fatty acid. alpha-linolenic acid (LNA), with purported cardiovascular benefits. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of daily consumption of soy and linseed containing foods and Canola (as an added source of LNA) on plasma lipid concentrations in 20 mildly hypercholesterolaemic postmenopausal women. Fasted blood samples were taken initially and after 3 and 8 weeks to assay plasma lipids and both plasma and erythrocyte membrane fatty acids. Urinary isoflavones were also measured. Data from 18 subjects were used for analysis. Plasma total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations fell significantly (10, 12.5 and 12%, respectively) within 3 weeks. Although attenuated, there were still significant reductions in total and non-HDL cholesterol (5 and 6.5%, respectively) after 8 weeks of intervention. These reductions were associated with increases in urinary isoflavone excretion. This pilot study indicates that regular inclusion of foods containing soy and linseed in the diet may improve plasma lipids in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia.


Xs: 3.0364075 Ys: 1.6204178 Publish year: 2008 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Influence of food intake, age, gender, HbA1c, and BMI levels on plasma cholesterol in 29979 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes - Reference data from the German diabetes documentation and quality management system (DPV) abstract: We investigated influences of a 12-h fast, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to provide reference percentiles for TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C of patients with good diabetes control (HbA1c < 7.5%) and normal weight (BMI < 90th percentile).
A cross-sectional analysis of the diabetes documentation and quality management system using the diabetes data acquisition system for prospective surveillance (DPV) software included 29 979 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) aged 1-20 yr (52.4% male) from 253 diabetes centers in Germany and Austria.
Fasting had no relevant influence on TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Multivariate regression analysis revealed strongest dependences of cholesterol on gender and HbA1c followed by BMI and age. Reference cholesterol percentiles of well-controlled and normal weight patients showed TC >or=4.40 mmol/L (170 mg/dL) corresponding to the 50th percentile in females and the 75th percentile in males. LDL-C >or=2.59 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) corresponded to the 50th-75th percentile in females and the 75th percentile in males.
(i) Fasting is no precondition for the determination of TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C; (ii) TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C are strongest associated with gender and HbA1c followed by BMI and age; (iii) Gender- and age-adjusted cholesterol percentiles of well-controlled and normal weight patients with T1DM may serve as reference values and are similar to healthy German children; and (iv) Single target values for TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C based on healthy individuals' data do not sufficiently characterize abnormal cholesterol levels in young patients with T1DM.


Xs: 3.6804929 Ys: 2.3417814 Publish year: 2016 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Coconut oil increases HDL-c and decreases triglycerides in wistar rats abstract: Changes in body composition and serum lipid profile in rats, supplemented with coconut oil, are evaluated and compared to other lipid sources. Female Wistar rats received by gavage 1 mL kg-1 of saline, soybean oil, lard or coconut oil during 21 days. At the end of the study period, body composition, food intake, feces, urine, organ weight and serum lipid profile were assessed. No statistical differences between the groups were found in body composition, food intake, fecal and urinary analysis, and organ weight. In the case or plasma lipid concentrations, coconut oil and lard raised total cholesterol levels, without changes in LDL levels. On the other hand there was no change in total cholesterol levels in the soybean oil group. HDL fraction increased in all groups when compared to that in the saline group; this increase was more significant in the coconut oil group. There was significant reduction of serum triglycerides only in the coconut oil group when compared to the saline group. Supplementation with coconut oil did not interfere in weight and body composition of the animals used in current study, but revealed significant effect on the increase of HDL-c levels and decrease of serum triglycerides.


Xs: 4.180074 Ys: 2.6089146 Publish year: 2014 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in the Management of Hyperlipidemia abstract: Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Hypolipidemic nutraceuticals and functional foods help improve serum lipid profiles as reducing total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while elevating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The effectiveness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, phytosterols, dietary fiber, and tea catechin in management of hyperlipidemia has been clearly demonstrated in epidemiological and interventional trials. Studies on mechanism reveal that they act as inhibitor or activator of critical enzyme, agonist or inhibitor of transcription factor, competitor of transporter, and sequestrant of bile acid to modulate lipid homeostasis. Hypolipidemic effects are also claimed in dietary proteins, many polyphenols, other phytochemicals, raw extract, or even whole food. This review attempts to give an overview of lipid homeostasis and summarize recent findings of hypolipidemic nutraceuticals and functional foods according to their active ingredients, focusing on the efficacy and underlying mechanisms.


Xs: 4.0812254 Ys: 3.010566 Publish year: 2014 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Green Tea, Cocoa, and Red Wine Polyphenols Moderately Modulate Intestinal Inflammation and Do Not Increase High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Production abstract: While polyphenols are often merely perceived as antioxidants, their biological activities are manifold and include anti-inflammatory actions. A new area of research on polyphenols and health concerns their putative role on cholesterol metabolism, in particular their high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c)-raising potential. Indeed, some human studies showed that administration of polyphenol-rich foods such as cocoa, green tea, and extra virgin olive oil modulate and increase HDL- cholesterol concentrations. In this study we assessed the effects of polyphenols on intestinal inflammation, using the physiologically relevant Caco-2 Transwell® model and using LPS to trigger inflammation. Also, we investigated the mechanisms of actions behind the proposed HDL-cholesterol-increasing effects of polyphenols. Our data suggest that polyphenols (at least those from red wine, cocoa, and green tea) administered at a dietary dose moderately modulate intestinal inflammation, but do not increase cholesterol secretion by intestinal cells nor enhance HDL functionality. Nutraceuticals and supplements provide pharma-nutritional doses that might, conversely, produce beneficial effects.


Xs: 3.1225739 Ys: 2.271486 Publish year: 2014 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Role of Dietary Fats in Modulating Cardiometabolic Risk During Moderate Weight Gain: A Randomized Double-Blind Overfeeding Trial (LIPOGAIN Study) abstract: Background
Whether the type of dietary fat could alter cardiometabolic responses to a hypercaloric diet is unknown. In addition, subclinical cardiometabolic consequences of moderate weight gain require further study.

Methods and Results
In a 7‐week, double‐blind, parallel‐group, randomized controlled trial, 39 healthy, lean individuals (mean age of 27±4) consumed muffins (51% of energy [%E] from fat and 44%E refined carbohydrates) providing 750 kcal/day added to their habitual diets. All muffins had identical contents, except for type of fat; sunflower oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA diet) or palm oil rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA diet). Despite comparable weight gain in the 2 groups, total: high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein:HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B:AI ratios decreased during the PUFA versus the SFA diet (−0.37±0.59 versus +0.07±0.29, −0.31±0.49 versus +0.05±0.28, and −0.07±0.11 versus +0.01±0.07, P=0.003, P=0.007, and P=0.01 for between‐group differences), whereas no significant differences were observed for other cardiometabolic risk markers. In the whole group (ie, independently of fat type), body weight increased (+2.2%, P<0.001) together with increased plasma proinsulin (+21%, P=0.007), insulin (+17%, P=0.003), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, (+9%, P=0.008) fibroblast growth factor‐21 (+31%, P=0.04), endothelial markers vascular cell adhesion molecule–1, intercellular adhesion molecule–1, and E‐selectin (+9, +5, and +10%, respectively, P<0.01 for all), whereas nonesterified fatty acids decreased (−28%, P=0.001).

Conclusions
Excess energy from PUFA versus SFA reduces atherogenic lipoproteins. Modest weight gain in young individuals induces hyperproinsulinemia and increases biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, effects that may be partly outweighed by the lipid‐lowering effects of PUFA.

Clinical Trial Registration
URL: http://ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01427140.


Xs: 4.443679 Ys: 2.6814806 Publish year: 2010 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Bioactives in Blueberries Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obese, Insulin-Resistant Men and Women abstract: Dietary supplementation with whole blueberries in a preclinical study resulted in a reduction in glucose concentrations over time. We sought to evaluate the effect of daily dietary supplementation with bioactives from blueberries on whole-body insulin sensitivity in men and women. A double-blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical study design was used. After screening to resolve study eligibility, baseline (wk 0) insulin sensitivity was measured on 32 obese, nondiabetic, and insulin-resistant subjects using a high-dose hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (insulin infusion of 120 mU(861 pmol)⋅m(-2)⋅min(-1)). Serum inflammatory biomarkers and adiposity were measured at baseline. At the end of the study, insulin sensitivity, inflammatory biomarkers, and adiposity were reassessed. Participants were randomized to consume either a smoothie containing 22.5 g blueberry bioactives (blueberry group, n = 15) or a smoothie of equal nutritional value without added blueberry bioactives (placebo group, n = 17) twice daily for 6 wk. Both groups were instructed to maintain their body weight by reducing ad libitum intake by an amount equal to the energy intake of the smoothies. Participants' body weights were evaluated weekly and 3-d food records were collected at baseline, the middle, and end of the study. The mean change in insulin sensitivity improved more in the blueberry group (1.7 ± 0.5 mg⋅kg FFM(-1)⋅min(-1)) than in the placebo group (0.4 ± 0.4 mg⋅kg FFM(-1)⋅min(-1)) (P = 0.04). Insulin sensitivity was enhanced in the blueberry group at the end of the study without significant changes in adiposity, energy intake, and inflammatory biomarkers. In conclusion, daily dietary supplementation with bioactives from whole blueberries improved insulin sensitivity in obese, nondiabetic, and insulin-resistant participants.


Xs: 5.2062697 Ys: 3.057088 Publish year: 2012 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: The Effects of Using Color Foods of Children on Immunity Properties and Liver, Kidney on Rats abstract: Synthetic color is added to foods to replace natural color lost during processing. It causes health problems mainly in children that considered Avery venerable group. This study was carried out investigate the effect of using color foods (Color fruit juice for 6 -12 hr—Tomato ketchup potato chips (TKPC)—color sweet and color chocolate at low (15%) and high (30%)) concentration on serum biochemical, WBC (white blood cell) and histopathology of liver and kidney of rats for 13 week. The results indicated that no significant change in body weight gain, serum glucose, HDL and LDL cholesterol compared to control group. TKPC (30%) showed that significant increase in total cholesterol (TC), triacyl-glycerol (TG). Low and high concentration of color chocolate and color sweet was exhibited significant increase of TG. The level of ALT and AST was significant increase of rat's administration color fruit juice (for 12 hr) and TKPC at 30%. High concentration of color foods and long time administration of color fruit juice showed significant increase in serum creatinine and albumin compared to control group. Both low and high consumed of color foods exhibited sig-nificant decrease in liver GSH. High concentration of color foods lead to increase number of WBC as the result to the response of the immune system to the inflammation. Color foods were reveled change in histological structure of liver and kidney. In conclusion, the use synthetic color in various foods has adverse effect on some of biochemical analysis; and the liver and kidney histopathological structure.


Xs: 2.3897603 Ys: 2.4701946 Publish year: 2003 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Health benefits of low glycaemic index foods, such as pulses, in diabetic patients and healthy individuals abstract: The present paper covers the health benefits of low glycaemic index foods, such as pulses. Nutritional factors potentially play a crucial role in health and disease. A low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet is often recommended as a part of a healthy life-style. Historical works have shown that carbohydrate foods differ in their ability to affect post-ingestive glycaemia. The glycaemic index concept allows a ranking of carbohydrate-rich foods in terms of their blood glucose raising potential. Pulses are foods with very low glycaemic index values. Numerous studies have documented the health benefits that can be obtained by selecting foods of low glycaemic index. These benefits are of crucial importance in the dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus: glycaemic control is improved as well as several metabolic parameters, such as blood lipids. The results of human studies have been confirmed by animal experiments in the field of diabetes. Diets with low glycaemic index value improve the prevention of coronary heart disease in diabetic and healthy subjects. In obese or overweight individuals, low-glycaemic index meals increase satiety and facilitate the control of food intake. Selecting low glycaemic index foods has also demonstrated benefits for healthy persons in terms of post-prandial glucose and lipid metabolism. Several public health organizations have recently integrated consideration of the glycaemic index in their nutritional recommendations for patients with metabolic diseases and for the general population.


Xs: 3.3626955 Ys: 2.4551065 Publish year: 2019 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Change of HDL by Food Ingredient abstract: Appreciated evidences have strongly suggested that advanced glycation end (AGE) products have crucial role in the development of metabolic syndrome, including premature atherosclerosis with endothelial dysfunction (Tan et al. 2002). Elevated level of AGE in blood are accompanied with increased incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) (Kilhovd et al. 2005). Non-enzymatic glycation of serum proteins is a major molecular basis of diabetic complications; as apolipoproteins (apoA-I and apoC-III) were glucosylated in hyperglycemic diabetic subjects (Curtiss and Witztum 1985).


Xs: 2.3697565 Ys: 2.3586466 Publish year: 2000 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Low glycemic Index foods abstract: Accumulating data indicate that a diet characterized by low glycaemic-index (GI) foods not only improves certain metabolic ramifications of insulin resistance, but also reduces insulin resistance per se. Epidemiological data also suggest a protective role against development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. A major disadvantage in this connection is the shortage of low-GI foods, and many common starchy staple foods, such as bread products, breakfast cereals and potato products, have a high GI. Studies in our laboratory show that it is possible to significantly lower the GI of starchy foods, for example by choice of raw material and/or by optimizing the processing conditions. Such low-GI foods may or may not influence glucose tolerance at a subsequent meal. Consequently, certain low-GI breakfasts capable of maintaining a net increment in blood glucose and insulin at the time of the next meal significantly reduced post-prandial glycaemia and insulinaemia following a standardized lunch meal, whereas others had no 'second-meal' impact. These results imply that certain low-GI foods may be more efficient in modulating metabolism in the long term. Although the literature supports a linear correlation between the GI and insulinaemic index (II) of foods, this is not always the case. Consequently, milk products elicited elevated IIs, indistinguishable from a white bread reference meal, despite GIs in the lower range. This inconsistent behaviour of milk products has not been acknowledged, and potential metabolic consequences remain to be elucidated.


Xs: 2.9340346 Ys: 1.7996967 Publish year: 2008 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: IgG Antibodies Against Food Antigens are Correlated with Inflammation and Intima Media Thickness in Obese Juveniles abstract: Systemic low grade inflammation may contribute to the development of obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Food intolerance reflected by immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies may predispose to low grade inflammation and atherogenesis. We examined the relationship between IgG antibodies specific for food components, low grade inflammation and early atherosclerotic lesions in obese and normal weight juveniles.
We determined IgG antibodies directed against food antigens, C-reactive protein (CRP) and the thickness of the intima media layer (IMT) of the carotid arteries in 30 obese children and in 30 normal weight children.
Obese juveniles showed a highly significant increase in IMT (p=0.0001), elevated CRP values (p=0.0001) and anti-food IgG antibody concentrations (p=0.0001) compared to normal weight juveniles. Anti-food IgG showed tight correlations with CRP (p=0.001/r=0.546) and IMT (p=0.0001/r=0.513) and sustained highly significant in a multiple regression model.
We show here, that obese children have significantly higher IgG antibody values directed against food antigens than normal weight children. Anti- food IgG antibodies are tightly associated with low grade systemic inflammation and with the IMT of the common carotid arteries. These findings raise the possibility, that anti-food IgG is pathogenetically involved in the development of obesity and atherosclerosis.


Xs: 2.9724443 Ys: 1.536928 Publish year: 2014 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Away from home meals: Associations with biomarkers of chronic disease and dietary intake in American adults, NHANES 2005-2010 abstract: Background:
Away from home (AFH) meals are known to be energy-dense and of poor diet quality. Both direct and indirect exposure (for example, neighborhood restaurant density) to AFH meals have been implicated as contributors to higher body weight and adverse health outcomes.

Objective:
To examine the association of frequency of eating AFH and fast-food meals with biomarkers of chronic disease and dietary intake.

Design:
This cross-sectional study used frequency of AFH and fast-food meal and biomarker data from the NHANES 2005-2010. Information on weekly frequency of AFH and fast-food meals was collected via questionnaire during the household interview. The metabolic biomarkers examined included body mass index (BMI), serum cholesterol (total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)), triglycerides, glycohemoglobin and fasting glucose (n=8314, age⩾20, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2007-2010). Biomarkers of dietary exposure included serum concentrations of vitamins A, D, E, C, B-6, B-12, folate and carotenoids (n=4162; 2005-2006). Multiple linear and logistic regression methods adjusted for complex survey methodology and covariates.

Results:
American adults reported a mean of 3.9 (95% confidence interval 3.7, 4.0) AFH and 1.8 (1.6, 1.9) fast-food meals/week. Over 50% of adults reported ⩾3 AFH and >35% reported ⩾2 fast-food meals/week. The mean BMI of more frequent AFH or fast-food meal reporters was higher (Ptrend⩽0.0004). Serum concentrations of total, LDL and HDL-cholesterol were related inversely with frequency of AFH meals (P<0.05). Frequencies of fast-food meals and serum HDL-cholesterol were also related inversely (P=0.0001). Serum concentrations of all examined micronutrients (except vitamin A and lycopene) declined with increasing frequency of AFH meals (P<0.05); women and ⩾50-year olds were at higher risk.

Conclusions:
Reporters of frequent AFH and fast-food meals had higher BMI and lower concentrations of HDL-cholesterol; however, profiles of other biomarkers did not indicate higher metabolic risk. However, the serum concentrations of nutrients with mostly plant foods as sources declined with increasing AFH meal frequency.


Xs: 3.8358734 Ys: 2.7844105 Publish year: 2023 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Olive Oil Polyphenols Improve HDL Cholesterol and Promote Maintenance of Lipid Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials abstract: In 2011, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) accorded a health claim to olive oil polyphenols in that they protected LDL particles from oxidative damage. However, limited scientific evidence has so far failed to confer any claim of function on the maintenance of normal lipid metabolism. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of human RCTs, evaluating the effect of olive oil polyphenol administration on lipid profiles. Previous literature was acquired from six electronic databases until June 2023. A total of 75 articles were retrieved and screened for inclusion criteria, which resulted in the selection of 10 RCTs that evaluated the effect of daily exposure to olive oil polyphenols on serum lipids in adults. Meta-analyses were built by tertiles of outcomes, as follows: low (0–68 mg/kg), medium (68–320 mg/kg), and high (320–600 mg/kg) polyphenols for HDL and LDL cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C, respectively), and low (0–59.3 mg/kg), medium (59.3–268 mg/kg), and high (268–600 mg/kg) polyphenols for total cholesterol (TC). The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (registration code: CRD42023403383). The study design was predominantly cross-over (n = 8 of 10) but also included parallel (n = 2 of 10). The study population was predominantly European and healthy. Daily consumption of olive oil polyphenols did not affect TC levels and only slightly significantly reduced LDL-C, with WMD statistically significant only for high daily consumption of olive oil polyphenols (WMD −4.28, 95%CI −5.78 to −2.77). Instead, our data found a statistically significant HDL-C enhancing effect (WMD pooled effect model: 1.13, 95%CI 0.45; 1.80, heterogeneity 38%, p = 0.04) with WMD by daily exposure level showing a statistically significant improvement effect for low (WMD 0.66, 95%CI 0.10–1.23), medium (WMD 1.36, 95%CI 0.76–1.95), and high (WMD 1.13, 95%CI 0.45–1.80) olive oil polyphenol consumptions. Olive oil polyphenols contribute toward maintaining lipid metabolism. Thus, food labeling regulations should stress this health feature of olive oil, whereby a declaration of the olive oil polyphenol content should be added to products on the market. Consumers need to be aware of the quality and possible health effects of any products they consume, and enforcement of nutrition labels offers the best way of providing this information.


Xs: 4.2629695 Ys: 2.7569354 Publish year: 2017 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Quercetin induces selective uptake of HDL-cholesterol via promoting SR-BI expression and activation of the PPARγ/LXRα pathway abstract: Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the process to deliver cholesterol to the liver for further excretion and involves scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)-mediated selective lipid uptake (SLU) from high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Up-regulation of hepatic SR-BI expression accelerates HDL-C clearance in circulation and impedes the development of atherosclerosis (AS). In the present study, we explored the modulation of hepatic SR-BI expression and SR-BI-mediated SLU by quercetin, a natural flavonoid compound in the diet with a favorable role in cardiovascular disorders. We found that quercetin significantly increased the expression level of SR-BI in HepG2 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Besides, quercetin had stimulatory effects on the binding of 1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil)-labeled HDL to hepatocytes and 125I/3H-CE-HDL association. Treatment with small interfering RNA (siRNA) or SR-BI specific inhibitor, BLT-1, inhibited quercetin-induced Dil-HDL binding and selective HDL-C uptake. Treatment with quercetin increased both proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and liver X receptor α (LXRα) levels. Additionally, quercetin-induced expression of SR-BI, Dil-HDL binding and selective uptake of HDL-C were significantly attenuated by treatment with PPARγ siRNA, LXRα siRNA, and their antagonists, respectively. In C57BL/6 mice, quercetin administration potently increased SR-BI, PPARγ and LXRα levels and lipid accumulation in the liver.In summary, our results suggest that quercetin-induced up-regulation of SR-BI and subsequent lipid uptake in hepatocytes might contribute to its beneficial effects on cholesterol homeostasis and atherogenesis.


Xs: 3.4649065 Ys: 2.779141 Publish year: 2020 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Functional pasta consumption in healthy volunteers modulates ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL abstract: Background
s and aims. Prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease is considered a central issue in public health and great attention is payed to nutritional approaches, including consumption of functional foods to reduce CV risk in individuals without indications for anti-atherosclerotic drugs. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is an important anti-atherogenic property of HDL and a marker of CV risk. We evaluated the effect of a daily consumption of an innovative whole-wheat synbiotic pasta, compared to a control whole-wheat pasta, on serum ATP binding cassette G1 (ABCG1)-mediated CEC in healthy overweight or obese individuals.

Methods and Results
Study participants (n=41) were randomly allocated to either innovative or control pasta, consumed daily for twelve weeks. Serum CEC was measured before and after the dietary intervention, by a well-established radioisotopic technique on Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells transfected with human ABCG1. The innovative synbiotic pasta consumption was associated to a significantly higher post treatment/baseline ratio of ABCG1-mediated CEC values with respect to control pasta (mean ratio 1.05±0.037 and 0.95±0.042 respectively, p<0.05). Analysis of the relationship between ABCG1-mediated CEC and glycemia, homocysteine, total folates and interleukin-6 showed specific changes in the correlations between HDL function and glycemia, oxidative and inflammatory markers only after synbiotic pasta consumption.

Conclusion
This is the first report on serum CEC improvement obtained by a new synbiotic functional pasta consumption, in absence of lipid profile modifications, in overweight/obese participants. This pilot study suggests that a simple dietary intervention can be a promising approach to CV preservation through improving of athero-protective HDL function.


Xs: 3.1751335 Ys: 1.9757811 Publish year: 2003 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Effect of a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and body weight in healthy French-Canadian women abstract: The present study examined the effect of a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern in uncontrolled 'real life' conditions among a group of 77 French-Canadian women. The principal objective was to document changes in the plasma lipid-lipoprotein profile and in body weight that occurred in response to the intervention. The 12-week nutritional intervention included two group sessions, three individual sessions and four 24-h recalls (phone interview) with a registered dietitian. A score based on the 11 components of the Mediterranean pyramid, ranging from 0 to 44 points, was established to evaluate the adhesion to the Mediterranean food pattern. The Mediterranean score increased from 21.1+/-3.6 at baseline to 28.6+/-4.4 after 6 weeks of intervention (P<0.0001) with no further increase at week 12. Small but significant decreases in total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B (apoB) as well as in body mass index (BMI) were observed after 6 weeks of intervention. No significant change in plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were observed in response to the nutritional intervention. In conclusion, a nutritional intervention program promoting the Mediterranean food pattern was effective in modifying food habits of healthy women from the Québec City metropolitan area and resulted in small but significant effects on specific cardiovascular risk factors.


Xs: 2.9739532 Ys: 1.5414052 Publish year: 2006 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Risk factors for atherosclerosis in healthy employees - a multidisciplinary approach abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of early atherosclerosis in healthy workers and the relationship between classical, psychological, and immunological risk factors and atherosclerosis, as well as their predictive value.
One hundred healthy managers and 50 office workers aged 35-65 were studied. In all subjects, individual, family, and occupational stress/coping risk factors were evaluated, including plasma levels of biochemical (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG, glucose) and inflammatory-immunological (aCL, anti-beta(2) GPI, oxLDL, HSP, HSCRP) parameters. Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries were assessed with computer analysis of B-mode ultrasound images.
In 107 persons (71%) no changes were found in ultrasound images and in 43 individuals (29%) the presence of plaque was shown. The mean IMT value was 0.0618+/-0.013 mm. Cross-domain analysis showed that core predictors for IMT were age, LDL level, smoking, and occupation (being a manager) (beta=0.33, 0.30, 0.23, and 0.20, respectively); the core predictors for plaque were age, total cholesterol level, and an occupational stressor home-work balance (Wald=7, 6.7, and 5.6, respectively). Immunological factors were not independent predictors.
In atherosclerosis, not only traditional risk factors (age, lipid disorders, and lifestyle) but also occupational stress factors may play a role. Immunological factors do not seem to play a role in the development of atherosclerosis in a population of healthy workers. The interplay between occupational stress and atherosclerotic changes requires further investigation.


Xs: 3.1290774 Ys: 1.5719557 Publish year: 2011 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Major dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among young Brazilian adults abstract: Diet is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The scientific literature has consistently shown the effects of certain diets on health; however, given the variety of cultures and dietary habits across the world, it is likely that much remains to be learned about dietary patterns and health outcomes. We assessed the associations between main dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among 4,202 young Brazilian adults in a cross-sectional analysis.
In a principle components analysis, two main dietary patterns were identified: common Brazilian and processed food. As outcomes, we examined body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), and LDL cholesterol (LDL-c). Means, crude, and adjusted β coefficients and 95% CIs were estimated according to quintiles of dietary patterns.
Common Brazilian scores were inversely associated with BMI, WC, LDL-c, HDL-c, and total cholesterol values among men. Among women, inverse association trends were observed with SBP, DBP, LDL-c, HDL-c, and total cholesterol. The processed food pattern was positively associated with LDL-c, HDL-c, total cholesterol, BMI, and WC values among the men. Among the women, the processed food pattern was not significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors.
In conclusion, our findings confirm that diet has an important role on health during early adulthood. The common Brazilian pattern showed generally healthier trends regarding CVD risk factors, but the ultimate effects on risk of risk of disease are unclear because of the inverse relation with HDL-c levels.


Xs: 3.6089978 Ys: 2.0401452 Publish year: 2022 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Egg yolk lipids: separation, characterization, and utilization abstract: Egg yolk contains very high levels of lipids, which comprise 33% of whole egg yolk. Although triglyceride is the main lipid, egg yolk is the richest source of phospholipids and cholesterol in nature. The egg yolk phospholipids have a unique composition with high levels of phosphatidylcholine followed by phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, plasmalogen, and phosphatidylinositol. All the egg yolk lipids are embedded inside the HDL and LDL micelles or granular particles. Egg yolk lipids can be easily extracted using solvents or supercritical extraction methods but their commercial applications of egg yolk lipids are limited. Egg yolk lipids have excellent potential as a food ingredient or cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical agents because they have excellent functional and biological characteristics. This review summarizes the current knowledge on egg yolk lipids' extraction methods and functions and discusses their current and future use, which will be important to increase the use and value of the egg.


Xs: 3.203171 Ys: 3.5287495 Publish year: 2003 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Role of buckwheat diet on rats as prebiotic and healthy food abstract: The objective of this research is to assess if the buckwheat (BW) could behaves as a prebiotic and be considered as healthy food. Buckwheat is a nutritional food, rich in essential aminoacids, fatty acids, vitamins B1and B2 and also a good source of minerals, which may produce beneficial effects on health. For our investigation, a total of twenty, 12-week-old Wistar Hannover rats was used and the animals were fed for 30 days. The body-weight was lower in the BW diet than control with significant differences (P ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were found in the weight of the organs (liver, spleen, kidney and heart). Microbial analysis and detection were carried out on Enterobacteria, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacilus and Bifidobacteria in the rat’s intestine. The results showed an increase of aerobic mesophilic and lactic acid bacteria content in the BW diet when compared to control, with significant differences (P ≤ 0.05). In the BW diet, we also observed a slight decrease of Enterobectaria and less pathogenic bacteria. Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus salivarius and Bifidobacterium infantis were found in both diets, but only Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium spp and Bifidobacterium lactis were found in addition in the buckwheat diet. All these results confirm that BW could possibly be considered as a prebiotic product. Glucose content was measured in the blood. Uric acid, total protein, HDL and LDL lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, alkaline phosphatase and mineral content were also measured in the serum. The glucose and uric acid content were similar in both diets and no significant differences were observed for the total proteins, albumin and mineral content. The alkaline phosphatase decreased in the BW diet, but no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) was found when compared to control. Buckwheat could as well be considered as a healthy food due to the diminution on total cholesterol with significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) when compared to control.


Xs: 3.234982 Ys: 0.85593086 Publish year: 2014 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Food insecurity and the metabolic syndrome among women from low income communities in Malaysia abstract: This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between household food insecurity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) among reproductive-aged women (n=625) in low income communities. The Radimer/Cornell Hunger and Food Insecurity instrument was utilized to assess food insecurity. Anthropometry, diet diversity, blood pressure and fasting venous blood for lipid and glucose profile were also obtained. MetS was defined as having at least 3 risk factors and is in accordance with the Harmonized criteria. The prevalence of food insecurity and MetS was 78.4% (household food insecure, 26.7%; individual food insecure, 25.3%; child hunger, 26.4%) and 25.6%, respectively. While more food secure than food insecure women had elevated glucose (food secure, 54.8% vs food insecure, 37.3-46.1%), total cholesterol (food secure, 54.1% vs food insecure, 32.1-40.7%) and LDL-cholesterol (food secure, 63.7% vs food insecure, 40.6-48.7%), the percentage of women with overweight/ obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, high triglyceride, low HDL-cholesterol and MetS did not vary significantly by food insecurity status. However, after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic covariates, women in food insecure households were less likely to have MetS (individual food insecure and child hunger) (p<0.05), abdominal obesity (individual food insecure and child hunger) (p<0.01), elevated glucose (household food insecure), total cholesterol (child hunger) (p<0.05) and LDL-cholesterol (household food insecure and child hunger) (p<0.05) compared to food secure women. Efforts to improve food insecurity of low income households undergoing nutrition transition should address availability and accessibility to healthy food choices and nutrition education that could reduce the risk of diet-related chronic diseases.


Xs: 4.0002165 Ys: 2.5894604 Publish year: 2020 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Dietary Polyphenol Intake is Associated with HDL-Cholesterol and A Better Profile of other Components of the Metabolic Syndrome: A PREDIMED-Plus Sub-Study abstract: Dietary polyphenol intake is associated with improvement of metabolic disturbances. The aims of the present study are to describe dietary polyphenol intake in a population with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to examine the association between polyphenol intake and the components of MetS. This cross-sectional analysis involved 6633 men and women included in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterranea-Plus) study. The polyphenol content of foods was estimated from the Phenol-Explorer 3.6 database. The mean of total polyphenol intake was 846 ± 318 mg/day. Except for stilbenes, women had higher polyphenol intake than men. Total polyphenol intake was higher in older participants (>70 years of age) compared to their younger counterparts. Participants with body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2 reported lower total polyphenol, flavonoid, and stilbene intake than those with lower BMI. Total polyphenol intake was not associated with a better profile concerning MetS components, except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), although stilbenes, lignans, and other polyphenols showed an inverse association with blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and triglycerides. A direct association with HDL-c was found for all subclasses except lignans and phenolic acids. To conclude, in participants with MetS, higher intake of several polyphenol subclasses was associated with a better profile of MetS components, especially HDL-c.


Xs: 4.216764 Ys: 2.7641912 Publish year: 2015 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Novel natural food colourant G8000 benefits LDL- and HDL-cholesterol in humans abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the phenolic composition of a natural food colourant (G8000™) as well as its effects on plasma markers after 28-day consumption by healthy individuals at a dietary dose (70 g). Parameters of total cholesterol and its fractions, triglycerides and plasma enzymes biomarkers of muscle injury were measured. Major compounds identified in G8000™ by ESI-MS showed the presence of anthocyanins, organic acids, phenolic acids as well as monosaccharides. HDL levels significantly increased from 43 ± 10.2 mg/dL to 95 ± 16.9 mg/dL. LDL levels significantly decreased from 110 ± 40.9 mg/dL to 69 ± 39 mg/dL (p < 0.001). No significant statistical differences (p > 0.05) were observed for total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL. After the intake, plasma enzyme CK-MB decreased from 20 ± 12.1 U/L to 10 ± 1.9 U/L while LDH levels increased from 275 ± 124.4 U/L to 317 ± 114.7 U/L (p < 0.005). No significant differences were observed for CK levels. Taken together, dietary intake of natural colourant G8000™ was able to exert beneficial effects on atherosclerosis biomarkers.


Xs: 2.6646838 Ys: 1.8648107 Publish year: 2008 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Glycemic index and glycemic load in relatin to food and nutrient intake and metabolic risk factors in a Dutch population abstract: Previous studies on the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) reported inconsistent findings on their association with metabolic risk factors. This may partly have been due to differences in underlying dietary patterns.
We aimed to examine the association of GI and GL with food and nutrient intake and with metabolic risk factors including blood glucose, insulin, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP).
The study entailed cross-sectional analyses of data from 2 joint observational studies, the CoDAM Study and the Hoorn Study.
In total, 974 subjects aged 42-87 y were included in the study. The mean (+/-SD) GI was 57 +/- 4 and the mean GL was 130 +/- 39. Dairy products, potatoes and other tubers, cereal products, and fruit were the main predictive food groups for GI. GL was closely correlated with intake of total carbohydrates (r(s) = 0.97), which explained >95% of the variation in GL. After adjustment for potential confounders, GI was significantly inversely associated with HDL cholesterol and positively associated with fasting insulin, the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance, the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol, and CRP. No association was observed between GL and any of the metabolic risk factors, except for a borderline significant positive association with CRP.
In this population, a low-GI diet, which is high in dairy and fruit but low in potatoes and cereals, is associated with improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism and reduced chronic inflammation. GL is highly correlated with carbohydrate intake and is not clearly associated with the investigated metabolic risk factors.


Xs: 3.425526 Ys: 2.616763 Publish year: 2006 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Very long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the UK and the potential of animal-derived food to increase intake abstract: Summary The very long chain (VLC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are widely recognised to have beneficial effects on human health. However, recommended intakes of VLC n-3 PUFA (450 mg/day) are not being met by the diet in the majority of the population mainly because of low consumption of oil-rich fish. Current mean intake of VLC n-3 PUFA by adults is estimated to be about 282 mg/day with EPA and DHA contributing about 244 mg/day. Furthermore, the fact that only about 27% of adults eat any oil-rich fish (excluding canned tuna) and knowledge of the poor conversion of -linolenic acid to EPA and DHA in vivo, particularly in men, leads to the need to review current dietary sources of these fatty acids. Animal-derived foods are likely to have an important function in increasing intake and studies have shown that feeding fish oils to animals can increase the EPA and DHA content of the resulting food products. This paper highlights the importance of examining current and projected consumption trends of meat and other animal products when exploring the potential impact of enriched foods by means of altering animal diets. When related to current food consumption data, potential dietary intakes of EPA+DHA from foods derived from animals fed enriched diets are calculated to be about 231 mg/day. If widely consumed, such foods could have a significant impact on progression of conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Consideration is also given to the sources of VLC n-3 PUFA in animal diets, with the sustainability of fish oil being questioned and the need to investigate the use of alternative dietary sources such as those of algal origin.


Xs: 3.2141964 Ys: 2.2629216 Publish year: 2015 keyword: HDL_in_foods source: Global title: Postprandial Paraoxonase 1 Activity Following Consumption of Recommended Amounts of Mixed Meals in Healthy Males abstract: Aim:
Postprandial lipid level increases induce oxidative stress, which is involved in atherogenesis. The antioxidant properties of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) have attracted attention. However, changes in postprandial PON1 levels differ across prior studies, and changes in PON1 lactonase activity, potentially relevant to PON1 physiology, after the consumption of ordinary meals are unknown. Herein we evaluated postprandial serum lipid levels and PON1 changes following mixed-meal consumption of the amounts recommended for ordinary meals.

Methods:
Nine healthy male volunteers consumed three different meals in a randomized cross-over design. The test meals were as follows: S, white rice; SMF, S with fat-containing protein-rich main dishes; and SMFV: SMF with vegetable dishes. The serum lipid concentrations and PON1 lactonase and arylesterase activities were determined during a three-hour period after the consumption of these meals.

Results:
The postprandial triglyceride levels were higher after consuming the SMF and SMFV meals than after consuming the S meal. Despite postprandial high-density lipoprotein cholesterol being unchanged, PON1 lactonase activity was decreased, while PON1 arylesterase activity was increased in the postprandial state after all test meals. Postprandial changes in lactonase and arylesterase activities did not differ among the test meals.

Conclusions:
Inverse changes in PON1 lactonase and arylesterase activities were observed after consuming recommended ordinary meals. This observation provides useful information for choosing PON1 species as postprandial markers.