@Cluster 0 // X: 2.862 Y: 13.369 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2551, Source: HSRI, Title: A note on an outbreak of Botulism in Phayao province, 2006 Content: The objectives of this descriptive study of a food-borne botulism outbreak caused
by the consumption of minced barking-deer meat in Phusang district, Phayao Province
were: (1) to confirm the diagnosis of botulism and the outbreak of the disease; (2) to
study the characteristics of the disease’s epidemiology, the outbreak and the distribution
of the disease; (3) to find the cause of the outbreak, source and vector of transmission of
the disease, and (4) to measure the disease control interventions. Descriptive and analytical
epidemiological studies used retrospective cohort studies to prove the hypo- thesis
of relative risk (RR) factors.
The result of this study found that 69 persons (26.53%) of the 260 persons who ate
the barking-deer were hospitalized in Chiangkham Hospital (between 24 June and 5 July
2006). The majority were males (62.31%), aged 30 - 60 years (34.62%). The main symptoms
of infection were abdominal distension, stomach ache, nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth,
difficulty breathing, and vomiting, respectively. An analytical epidemiological study
found that the food that caused the illness was raw minced barking-deer meat (RR = 2.04,
95% CI = [1.11 - 3.75] and showed that the persons who ate the raw meat were two times more to get the disease. As for other barking-deer body parts, it was found that the bile
(RR = 1.66,95 % CI = [1.13 - 2.43]) and entrails (RR = 1.66, 95% CI = [1.10-2.05] were the
main risk factors. The laboratory results confirmed that seven of the patients who got
botulism survived.
It was suggested to the public health institute and the officials related to the Bureau
of Epidemiology that they should take care of the people by emphasizing the importance
of hygiene and not eating raw meat, especially entrails, and that they should change their
consumption behaviors.
It was also suggested that the next research (1) study the consumption behaviors
related to eating raw meat and find methods for reducing illness, and (2) study ways to
communicate information on safe consumption behavior.


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.561 Y: 13.573 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2550, Source: HSRI, Title: Development of a HIV-counseling System for Couples at the Antenatal Care Unit of Chun Hospital and Health Centers in Chun District Content: HIV-counseling for couples considering voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is
very important in HIV prevalent areas. This research was carried out in this belief with
the objective of incorporating the counseling system into health centers and increasing the coverage of HIV counseling to more than 80 percent of couples. The work conducted
in the period 2004 -2006 covered 703 pregnant women and their partners who visited the
Antenatal Care Unit at Chun Hospital and health centers in Chun district, Phayao Province.
The results show the success of developing the counseling system so that it can be
incorperated into all health centers during the three successive years (2004-2006). The
coverage of couple HIV-counseling increased to 74, 94 and 89 percent, respectively. The
HIV infection rate in the pregnant women decreased to 1.8, 1.5 and 1.3, respectively. Moreover,
among 11 discordant infected couples with different blood mates, one couple was
evidently infected by each other. No infected born baby was born to these couples during
the period of study.
HIV couple counseling was very useful in protecting against the HIV epidemic; it
encourageed HIV-positive persons to join the system. The service at the Antenatal Care
Unit was suitable for inducing couples to be interested in HIV screening. Distributing the
service among the communities served by health centers was very important since it
made people feel very comfortable to take the service. Moreover, strengthening followup
programs and launching proactive public relations campaigns would produce more
success.


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.755 Y: 13.496 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2547, Source: HSRI, Title: People involvement and participation mechanism and health system reform process in the north of Thailand Content: This research aimed to comprehend the concepts, practices and judgment on mechanisms of health system reform movement and impacts of the past and present health system reform mechanisms by studying perception and expectation of people concerning the reform process, the outcomes, participation and role of people.  The study also intended to determine the development trend and formation of various groups and agencies involving in health system reform process.  The qualitative research method was employed.  Study population included people attending health assembly forums and people who lived in Phayao, Nan and Chiang Mai provinces in the North of Thailand during October 2003 – March 2004.	The main findings of this study are as follows:	1. Most people still held on the biomedical model of health that emphasized on physical health mainly illnesses and diseases.  Few people gave other health concepts that linked to other dimensions such as occupation and socio-economic aspects.  Even among health personnel, they seemed to have no clear concepts and judgment on health in the new paradigm of “holistic health”.  The so-called holistic health was just a discourse commonly used among people without obvious explanation.	2. People’s concepts and judgment of health still affixed to physical and mental health and absence of disease.  This reflected the practices on health promotion and medical care that also concerned mainly physical health.  People continued to perceive that health promotion was an approach to prevent themselves from getting diseases and was responsible solely by doctor or health personnel.  It was evident that health care and health promotion activities depended on activities of health personnel.	3. The symbol of health was still the “hospital or doctor”.  Health care was a matter of explanation in relation to the conventional structure of health service system such as hospitals and health centers.  People or even health personnel still could not elucidate how school, temple or other organizations in a community could help build the health and how people can promote their health.	4. There was a disparity of perception among samples with different education levels.  Most of subjects who took part in health assembly forums could explain the reform process better than other groups.  Subjects who did not directly participate in the forum mostly did not know or were not aware of the reform process.  Although some subjects mentioned that they had heard about the process, but they could not describe its definition or meaning.  Most people noticed the ongoing changes through the development of health care facilities in the community in forms of building extension, sophisticated equipment, and presence of specialized doctors.	5. Activities and formation of groups, besides actions taken by health personnel, for example, livelihood, income and well-beings, were perceived as matters not related to health.  Health personnel mostly initiated health campaigns during health system reform movement.  These included groups or clubs connected to health centers like an exercise group, an herb group, and an elderly group whom people could not interpret as health or holistic health issues and as results of health system reform.	6. Health system reform process or movement in community level did not sufficiently stress on learning process.  Exercise groups, which were set up almost everywhere, were promoted as activities without the promotion of learning process.  This did not stimulate people to modify their thoughts on health care satisfactorily.  The promotion of various job clusters was not linked to learning process in health as well.	7. People partially involved in health system process particularly in cooperation, policy acknowledgement and implementation.  The involvements in lesser extent were participation in thinking, initiating, and making decision by people themselves.  Concepts and beliefs of most people still stuck to conventional thoughts that those who were skillful of health care were exclusively health personnel whom people placed their trust on and ready to follow suit.  It was perceived that the major role of health movement propulsion belonged to health personnel and health volunteers.  Community leaders or tambon administration organization committees also regarded health as a separated issue from other modes of development.	In performing the health system reform policy implementation, the learning process must be integrated to the developmental activities.  The lessons learned will thus be the analytic thinking exercise.  Health promotion needs the new paradigm of health that connects all dimensions of health particularly the spiritual aspect.  Shifting of health paradigm among health personnel is needed in the development of understanding in health system reform process among villagers, groups, local agencies including health personnel itself.  The research should also focus on the learning process of civic sector.


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.558 Y: 13.551 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2551, Source: HSRI, Title: HIV Counseling System in the Antenatal Care Unit of the Pong District Health Network, Phayao Province Content: This research was conducted from October 2005 to September 2007 with the aim of
developing a counseling system and determining the efficiency of HIV counseling in preventing the
maternal transmission of HIV at the antenatal care unit in Pong District, Phayao Province. The first
step was undertaken in 2004, namely a situation analysis and result evaluation for planning. The
second step in 2005 developed the couple HIV counseling system, promoted project and personnel
preparation, and tried a one-stop health center approach. The third step in 2006 implemented
the system, while the fourth step in 2007 adjusted and further developed it. The device for
collecting data was evaluated, i.e. an awareness form for HIV counseling and gathering general data
for that purpose in the antenatal care unit. Analysis was by mean, percentage and standard
deviation. The result of the study showed that after counseling the mean awareness of the couples
was higher than before counseling and that success had been achieved in developing the couple
HIV counseling system in the health center of Pong District. Coverage was more 100 percent of
health centers and more than 80 percent of all such couples in 2007 in the antenatal unit; now all
health centers have a couple HIV counseling system. There was no instance of one mate infecting
another and in more than 80 percent of the pregnancies of an HIV-infected mother there was no
transmission of the virus to the child.


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.270 Y: 13.079 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2551-03, Source: HSRI, Title: ผลการกำกับติดตามประเมินภายในโครงการเครือข่ายพัฒนาอาชีพอิสระของคนพิการ Content: Through the financial support of the Program of Health Promotion for People with Disabilities in Thai Society, Health Systems Research Institute (HSRI), during June 2007 to March 2008, College of Population Studies, Chulalongkorn University conducted the evaluation research of the Project on Networking of Independent Occupational Development for People with Disabilities (onward refers t the Project). This Project was initiated by Office of Empowerment for Persons with Disabilities, Bureau of Welfare Promotion and Protection of Children, Youth, the Disadvantaged, Persons with Disabilities and Older Persons, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security in response to the 2006-2006 National Plan on Improvement of Quality  of Life of People with Disabilities
The evaluation research project had four main objectives as followed: 1) To evaluate whether the Project fulfilled its objectives and its appropriateness to the capability of the people with disabilities; 2) To analyze strengths, weaknesses, needs, supporting mechanisms of the 3 major occupational groups classified in the Project: Occupational Training for People with Disabilities in the community, Occupational Support for Severe Disabilities and Mental Disabilities, Promotion of Coalition of Independent Occupational Groups; 3) To propose supporting mechanisms for occupational development to improve quality of life of people with disabilities; and 4) To propose systematic learning processes for occupational development and mechanisms for occupational promotion for people with disabilities.
	The evaluation was conducted in 5 targeted provinces; Kanchanaburi, Nakorn Pathom, Phayao, Khon Kean and Pattalung. Data collection was carried out through 2 methods including observation of activities organized among people with disabilities (onward refers to the disabled) in various occasions, in-depth interview with 16 authorities of Local Administrative Organization (LAO) and local personnel who were in charge of the Project (onward refers to LAO personnel), and Focus Group Discussion among 89 disabled and the caretakers who were the disabled’s family members (onward refers to caretakers). In addition, relevant information was gathered from existing documents and reports on the Project reported by each participation province  (including reports on learning and sharing experiences forums, and meetings on knowledge management among leaders and group members).
	The evaluation results are summarized below.

Objective 1: Whether the Project fulfilled its objectives, and its appropriateness to the capability of people with disabilities. Majority of LAO personnel, the disabled and caretakers agreed that  the Project which has started since 2002 was appropriate and suitable with capability of the disabled in each occupational group classified in this Project although some families, later on were not so successful and have given up running their occupations.
Before making decision in selecting any occupation supported by the Project, in most cases the meetings were held among stakeholders (officials of Provincial Office of Empowerment for Persons with Disabilities, LAO personnel, the disabled and caretakers) to discuss what was the most suitable or possible occupation for the disabled to take up. Therefore, the occupation was chosen to serve needs and suitable with ability of the three groups of the disabled supported by the Project.
However, it was clear that the success of the disabled in each group and the fulfillment of the Project’s objectives depended much upon many conditions such as the decision making process to select the type of occupation, background of the group members, basic knowledge and experiences about the chosen occupation, community’s social context and physical environment, timing for preparation before launching the Project in the are, personal conditions of the disabled and their caretakers.

	Objective 2: To analyze strengths, weaknesses, needs, supporting mechanisms of the 3 major occupational groups classified in the project: Occupational Training for People with Disabilities in the community, Occupational Support for Severe Disabilities and Mental Disabilities, Promotion of Coalition of Independent Occupational Groups
	1. It was clear that strengths, weaknesses and problems in running the chosen occupation of the disabled were very much depended on following factors; background of the disabled (and their care takers) in each classified occupational group, administration of allocated funding (group vs. individuals), ability of leaders, LAO personnel’s responsibility and understanding of the Project’s objectives, access to information and new knowledge to help improve products, information dissemination to the public about life of the disabled and their potentials, marketing and product outlets, attitudes of the disabled toward the chosen occupation.
	2. Possibility to scale up the Project and the expansion of the independent occupational development network for the disabled were quite slim due to limitations of funding support of the existing group, the lack of strong leadership, inability of the disabled to form up groups due to distance, intention, and time allowed for joining group activities.
	3. Needs for supports were varied in each classified occupational group (who had different types of disability). However, the most needed support identified by the majority was the working plan to support people with disabilities should be integrated into the LAO’s year plan. In addition, higher priority should be given to work plan to promote and develop capacity of people with disabilities to be able to live independently.
	4. Important mechanisms for capacity development of people with disabilities include their families, community, Government organizations, Non-Government organizations and local administration organizations.

	Objective 3: To propose supporting mechanisms for occupational development to improve quality of life of people with disabilities. In the process of independent occupational development for people with disabilities, 8 mechanisms were identified as important factors contributing to either success or failure of the Project operation. They were
	1. National policy and Government commitment to support plans for capacity development of people with disabilities, and the government organizations (at the Ministry level) where policies are translated into project implementation.
	2. Government officials at the provincial level who coordinate organizations at the Ministry and local levels, and who monitor the Project to be implemented according to its objectives.
	3. Organization and personnel at the local level (Local Administration Organization) who work closely as a “baby sitter” and who provide advice for the disabled and their caretakers.
	4. Networking of local volunteers in the community who assist the LAO personnel to gather information and collect data about the disabled, following up the Project, asses problems occurred among the disabled to report to the LAO personnel.
	5. Other organization outside the community to provide supports needed by the disabled, or to help fill gaps where the LAO was unable to provide or unable to do.
	6. Network of people with disabilities, group leaders, and experts who could help mobilizing the group to move forward.
	7. Community and society which are equally important to the national policy to support the disabled. If the community and the society are supportive, the disabled will have greater chance to be integrated into the mainstream, and learn to be independent.
	8. The attitudes of disabled and their families toward work and being independence; whether they prefer to work in order to be independent economically and socially or to live on the social welfare support

Objective 4: To propose systematic learning processes for occupational development and mechanisms for occupational promotion for people with disabilities. The project has attempted to build up the systematic learning process and mechanisms necessary for occupational development for the disabled for future use. In attempt to do so, two academic units from two universities took part. One was from Faculty of Social Work and Social Welfare, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University where the research team performed monitoring function and organized several meetings and forum (such as lessons learned, sharing and learning experiences, knowledge management, and best practice  in the 5 target provinces. The meetings provided chances for the officials and the disabled to learn and share information among each other. In addition, the information obtained from these activities were organized systematically to be used for occupational development for the disabled in the future. The other academic unit was College of Population Studies, Chulalongkorn University where the research team performed evaluation function to evaluate the performance of the Project in the same 5 target provinces. The evaluation was conducted according to the 4 main objectives as already mentioned above. Based on the monitoring and evaluation processes, both academic units have proposed the systematic learning process and important issues for consideration if the project scaling up is planned in the future


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.760 Y: 13.498 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2551, Source: HSRI, Title: Local health communication: concept, procedures and expansion Content: The objectives of this project were to empower “Health Communicators” (NorSorSor) who communicate information on health in Phrae and Kanchanaburi Provinces as well as to enable NSS groups to operate independently. Additional objectives were to train some NSS members as “facilitators” in order to establish a new generation of NSS, to extend the principles of local health communication to people in nearby provinces, and to analyze results in preparation for policy recommendations. This research was conducted under the principle of Participatory Action Research.
	As part of a one-year operation establishing the NorSorSor Clubs, both in Phrae and Kanchanaburi provinces, the selected committees managed the groups by focusing on understanding the objectives of the work, providing communication channels, holding meetings, conducting regular unofficial meetings, and providing the lists of NSS members. From these initiatives, the NSS members were able to work together. In addition, an opening ceremony was held to introduce the NSS group and to extend the communicator networks in the area. Some potential health communicators were additionally trained to become facilitators which will enable this group to successfully establish a new generation of NorSorSor. In addition, they disseminated their ideas and local work experiences through various media such as an advertising spot, a brochure, a video and a special meeting with relevant persons from 8 nearby provinces; Nan, Lamphun, Lampang, Uttaradit, Phayao, Nakhon Pathom, Rachaburi, and Phetchaburi. This meeting attracted much interest and encouraged coordinated expansion into other areas.
	The result from the operation shows that the features of local health communication work consist of 1) Health Communicators (NorSorSor) who pay attention and possess a sense of public spirit, including abilities to support and co-operate together and link this work with their everyday responsibilities; 2) integration of NorSorSor as a significant working force in the community; 3) information and knowledge about health; 4) communication channels through personal and local media; and 5) the support of society at large, especially at a provincial level.
	In order to communicate local health communication in Thai society, the need for local health communicators and local health communication must be recognized and established as a part of health management system. In addition, mechanism should be created to enhance the pride of health communicators by offering a chance to show their results, to provide sustainable networks which are supported by society of both local and national levels.


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.759 Y: 13.544 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2555-05, Source: HSRI, Title: การศึกษาสถานการณ์สุขภาพและสิ่งแวดล้อมในภาคเหนือ : การกระจายตัวของปัญหาสุขภาพในเชิงพื้นที่ Content: This study aims to analyse the situation of Cancer disease and demographic
characteristics of Cancer patients in 8 Upper Northern provinces which are Chiang Mai,
Chiang Rai, Phayao, Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae, Nan and Mae Hong Son. It also analyses
the distribution of environmental-related health problem in the area, and suggest for further
research questions in health and environment problem-solving and policy for the Upper
North. This study analyses the overview of regional and provincial levels by using secondary
data from related organization, in particular, the provincial public health offices and Cancer
Units in both Chiang Mai and Lampang.
The study result shows that the Northern region had the highest rate of Cancer
patients, and Cancer deaths have continuously be the first rank in cause of death in every
province in the Upper North. Lamphun province had the highest increase rate of Cancer
deaths, for 8.5 times between 1999-2009. Lampang had the highest prevalence rate during
the same period, with the rate of 23 per thousand. Cancer type or position mostly found in
Northern provinces is Lung Cancer which are found mostly in Male patients. Other
environmental-related health problem is Respiratory Disease which has been the major
disease found in the Upper North, and Mae Hong Son province had the highest rate of
Respiratory Disease patients (61 per cent).
Results found from this research indicate that the population of the Upper North has
been threatened by polluted environment, especially from air pollution. Not only being
enhance by its topography, climate, and settlement locations, but also by human activities s
including urban growth, economic development, lifestyle, beliefs, and culture of its population
which have accelerated and worsened the air polluted situation. Therefore, there is an urgent
needed to solve and prevent this threatened situation.


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.312 Y: 13.108 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2561-03, Source: HSRI, Title: Factors Associated with the Use of Hearing Aids in People with Hearing Loss under the Universal Health Coverage Scheme Content: Hearing aids can rehabilitate hearing and improve communications abilities of people with hearing loss for efficient daily living. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with hearing aids use by analyzing data obtained from a survey conducted. The survey sample comprised 380 people with hear-ing loss who received hearing aids under the Universal Health Coverage scheme (UHC) from 2005-2015 in five provinces: Phayao, Samut Prakan, Chonburi, Khon Kaen, and Songkhla. The data were collected via interviews based on a questionnaire. Of the 200 people interviewed in the community, it was found that internal factors such as gender, age, occupation, and economic status were not significant factors related to usage. However, users who were satisfied with their hearing aids significantly used their hearing aids more than those who were not satisfied (adjusted OR = 3.99, 95% CI; 1.09-14.67, p-value = 0.037), and users who came for follow-ups significantly used their hearing aids more than those who did not (adjusted OR = 2.60, 95% CI; 1.22-5.53, p-value = 0.013). Thus, the National Health Security Office should provide hearing aids with improved follow up system to ensure appropriate use of hearing aids as well as to prevent discontinuation of use in the future.


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.458 Y: 13.249 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2561-03, Source: HSRI, Title: Hearing Aid Use in People with Hearing Loss under the Universal Coverage Scheme and the Recommendations for Hearing Aid Provisional Services Content: In Thailand, people with hearing impairment under the Universal Coverage scheme (UCS) are entitled to having hearing aid free of charge from accredited hospitals. This cross-sectional survey aims to describe the situation regarding hearing aid usage and economic loss from discontinuing usage of hearing aid in people with hearing impairment under the UCS. Data were collected from 364 persons in five provinces (Phayao, Khon Kaen, Chonburi, Samut Prakan, and Songkhla) through face-to-face structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used for data analyses. The results showed that 54% of the sample experienced improvement in quality of life and 39% were satisfied with hearing aid use. Out of the 164 persons who were interviewed at hospitals, three stopped wearing hearing aid. For the 200 persons who were interviewed in the community, 29% stopped hearing aid use, to whom 50% used for less than one year. The most common reasons for discontinuing usage were high background noises and faulty devices. The economic loss from discontinuing usage up to third year was estimated to be 19.4 million baht. For subjects who were still using the hearing aid, 71% wore the hearing aid daily for 9 hours on average, whereas 44% occasionally wore approximately 3-4 days a week for four hours per day. For persons who used hearing aid with zinc-air battery, around 1-2 batteries were used per month, costing 65-96 baht a month. 43% stated that the cost of batteries was a burden as they were only able to pay approximately 32 baht per battery. Therefore, the National Health Security Office should: 1) set up a follow-up system for hearing aid users; 2) provide training or guideline to hearing aid users, their relatives, and primary care unit officer regarding the service, procedure of treatment, and basic maintenance of hearing aid; 3) set up mobile service for hearing aid maintenance in community; 4) support zinc-air battery in order to match the ability to pay of users and increase distribution channels to sell hearing aid battery; and 5) raise the awareness to hearing aid users and their relatives regarding the government subsidized cost of hearing aid.


@Cluster -1 // X: 1.998 Y: 12.985 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2563, Source: HSRI, Title: Effectiveness of Program for Promoting Contraceptive Behaviors to Prevent Repeated Pregnancy in Postpartum Teenage Mothers Content: Repeated pregnancy in postpartum adolescents is a crisis that affects their physical and psychosocial wellbeing, including the newborn, family, economic and society. This quasi-experimental study aimed to examine the effectiveness of program for promoting contraceptive behaviors to prevent repeated pregnancy in postpartum teenage mothers. The subjects were 170 postpartum adolescents attending postpartum units at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Lamphung Hospital, Lamphun Hospital, and Phayao Hospital during August 2018 to November 2019. The subjects were purposively selected and divided into 89 as a control group and 81 as an experimental group. The control group received routine postpartum care and the experimental group received the program for promoting contraceptive behaviors. The intervention instruments consisted of 1) the Program for Promoting Contraceptive Behaviors and 2) Handbook of Contraceptive Used for Postpartum Adolescents which developed by the researchers. Instruments for data collection consisted of 1) the Intension on Contraceptive Use for Postpartum Adolescents Recording Form, 2) the Decision on Contraceptive Use for Postpartum Adolescents Recording Form, 3) the Selection of Contraceptive Uses Recording Form, 4) the Utilization Rate of Contraceptive Use for Postpartum Adolescents Recording Form, and 5) the Repeated Pregnancy Rate of Postpartum Adolescents Recording Form.  Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, t-test for independent sample and Chi-square test.
The results revealed that:
1) The proportion of participant intended to use contraception after the 48-hour postpartum, both groups were not different. The period intended to start contraception in both groups is statistically significant different (p<.01). The experimental group intends to start contraception before returning home or at the postpartum check up more than the control group.
2) The experimental group, which recieced the Program for Promoting Contraceptive Behaviors, has a proportion of the participants that decide to use contraception for three months statistically significant higher than the control group (p<.05), however, there are no different proportions at 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after birth of both groups.
3) The experimental groups and control groups have no different proportion of utilization rate of contraceptive use in the three months, 6 months and 12 months after birth.
4) The proportion of repeated pregnancies at 1 year after birth of both groups is no different. The results of this study showed that the Program for Promoting Contraceptive Behaviors to prevent repeated pregnancies in the postpartum teenage mothers is suitable to the context of teenage mothers in the Northern region. Nurse-midwives can be used as a guideline to promote contraceptive use and to prevent repeated pregnancy in postpartum adolescents


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.417 Y: 13.322 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2563-12, Source: HSRI, Title: Physical Activity, Carbon Dioxide Emission and Cost of Transport: A Case Study of Three Communities in Thailand Content: Walking and cycling are common physical activities if performed regularly in daily life will return health, environmental and economic benefits. This study aimed to 1) assess built environments that encourage walking and cycling in communities, 2) assess levels of physical activity and energy consumption, and 3) investigate the amount of carbon dioxide emission and cost of transport. Quantitative method was employed. Data collection techniques comprised direct observation and questionnaire survey in three communities: 1) King Taksin community in Bang Khla district, Chachoengsao province, 2) Suksabaijai community in Mueang Kalasin district, Kalasin province, and 3) Ban Thatsopwaen community in Chiang Kham district, Phayao province. The results showed that King Taksin community had the highest scores on walking, cycling and use of public transport as the community center was close to the district shopping center with a well-managed public transport system. Samples from King Taksin and Ban Thatsopwaen communities had the highest levels of physical activity due to frequent walking and cycling in their daily life. Suksabaijai community had the highest level of carbon dioxide emission from motorcycles and cars, and the highest transport cost as the community center was far from the shopping center with its built environments of having a high-speed road passing through the community center hence discouraged walking and cycling. This study recommends that all agencies promoting physical activity should work with local community in designing built environments and evaluating effectiveness of walking and cycling promotion programs that fit with each community.


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.531 Y: 13.391 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2564-09, Source: HSRI, Title: Promoting Walking and Cycling in Daily Life: A Case Study of four Communities in Thailand Content: Walking and cycling are common physical activities that can be performed regularly in daily life which provide health, environmental and economic benefits. This study aimed to 1) assess community-level walking and cycling promotion strategies or activities by stakeholders in selected communities, 2) investigate implementation gaps and 3) provide recommendations on walking and cycling promotion in community. Qualitative method was employed. A total 28 key informants in 4 communities of 4 regions were recruited: 1) King Taksin community in Bangkhla district, Chachoengsao province, 2) Suksabaijai community in Mueang Kalasin district, Kalasin province, 3) Ban Khaoniwet municipality school community in Mueang Ranong district, Ranong province, and 4) Ban Thatsobvan community in Chiang Kham district, Phayao province. Content analysis was used. The results showed that three main actors to promote walking and cycling in community were local government, civil society, and academia. These actors had different roles but worked collaboratively to achieve common goals. The implementation gaps were the negative attitude as well as improper and unsafe built environments towards walking and cycling. Recommendations for further program implementation include communication campaign to promote positive attitude and social awareness on the value of walking and cycling, improvements on built environments especially a speed reduction intervention in community, and leadership and supportive policy towards walking and cycling in daily life.


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.328 Y: 13.244 Province: None, Country: None, Date: 2565-03, Source: HSRI, Title: The Relationship between Physical Activity of Active Transport and Characteristics among Residents in Regional Thailand Content: The health benefits of physical activity are linked to active transport. The Thai Walking and Cycling Institute has implemented a project to promote walking and bicycle use in daily life in many provinces since 2017. This study aimed to identify the association between local demographic characteristics (sex, age, body mass index (BMI), education, occupation, and income), and the effects of physical activity from active transport. This was done in three purposive selected sites namely, 1) King Taksin Community, Chachoengsao, 2) Suksabaijai Community, Kalasin, and 3) Ban Thatsobvan Community, Phayao. A cross-sectional study was carried out through a self-administered questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was randomly distributed via community leaders. Multivariate Poisson regression was performed. The average amount of active transport energy expenditure in three communities at 180 metabolic equivalent task-minutes/week contributed to 30% of the World Health Organization’s recommended physical activity levels. Being female, overweight or obese, higher educational attainment, higher income, and office-based employee had a significantly reduced chance of having higher energy from active transport than their counterparts. While being older and living in optimal size community and near the city center had significantly raised chance of having higher energy from active transport. Interventions for active transport promotion should be more attractive and appropriate to all demographics and contexts. In addition, the policy should aim not only at individual lifestyle modification but also at re-shaping the physical environments that facilitate active transport.


@Cluster 18 // X: -1.275 Y: 14.522 Province: Sukhothai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Ancient Money in Southeast Asia-Part 2 Content:  ’s visit to Tamralipti at the turn of the 4th to 5th century; by the 10-13th centuries, cowrie use spread to Yunnan, via Lower Burma and the Tai world of Lan Na, Phayao, and Sukhothai, to


@Cluster 15 // X: -0.741 Y: 13.727 Province: Sukhothai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Willingness to Pay for Conservation of the Rong Por's Community Forest in Phayao Province Content:  The objectives of the study are (1) to study the socio-economic structure including the  of economics, the monthly income of most respondents is between 8,000-12,000 Thai Baht


@Cluster -1 // X: 1.947 Y: 14.012 Province: Pathum Thani, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: A Mathematical Model for Patient Scheduling in Radiotherapy Treatment Content:  than the average for Thailand. The highest mortality rates in Phayao, Phrae, and Lampang cost a total loss to the Thai economy of nearly 80,000 million baht per year (hfocus, 2015).


@Cluster 1 // X: -1.900 Y: 14.813 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: A Study of Phayao's Historical trading communities to Encourage recognizing Local History and to Promote cultural tourism Content:  Phayao is a city with a long history and it has been as important as any other city in Northern Thailand Lampang to Chiang Mai, the economy of Mueang Phayao changed a great deal.


@Cluster -1 // X: -3.034 Y: 13.001 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Inventory of greenhouse gas emissions for phayao province-an agricultural city in Thailand Content:  main pollution sources in Phayao province located in the North of Thailand. We investigated  in Thailand were employed in our analysis. From the preliminary study, Phayao’s economy


@Cluster 2 // X: -0.842 Y: 11.163 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Factors determining the sustainable success of community-based tourism: Evidence of good corporate governance of Mae Kam Pong Homestay, Thailand Content:  The sustainable tourism development aims for economic viability, local prosperity, employment quality, social equity, visitor fulfilment, local control, community well-being, cultural


@Cluster 9 // X: -0.807 Y: 12.472 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Bicycling Network Development for Tourism and Travel in Wiang Phayao, Thailand Content:  area encompassing various activities, especially the area that is important in economic, social and physical characteristic for Wiang Phayao, Table 4 and Figure 2, show the result for the


@Cluster 3 // X: -3.235 Y: 14.705 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Scenario planning for low carbon tourism city: A case study of NAN Content:  Nan Province has been a popular tourist destination in Thailand  For economic development, this study focus on general  The authors would also like to thank University of Phayao for


@Cluster -1 // X: -4.825 Y: 11.687 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Brief Challenges on Medicinal Plants: An Eye‐Opening Look at Ageing‐Related Disorders Content: Several studies have reported that nature‐derived antioxidants may prevent free radicals over‐production and therefore control the onset and prevent the exacerbation of different kinds


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.655 Y: 12.793 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Visual Big Data Analytics for Sustainable Agricultural Development Content:  in Thailand remains rather limited with minimal improvements made in the agricultural sector. Although agriculture remains a vital component of the Thai economy,  University of Phayao (


@Cluster 5 // X: -1.038 Y: 13.571 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR THE EXISTENCE OF A SUFFICIENCY ECONOMY VILLAGE MODEL IN UPPER NORTHERN THAILAND Content:  the management of the sufficiency economy villages. This study  Thailand comprising 8 provinces: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Mae Hong Son, Lampang, Prae, Nan and Phayao


@Cluster 18 // X: -1.319 Y: 14.491 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Reframing informal tourism entrepreneurial practices: Capital and field relations structuring the informal tourism economy of Chiang Mai Content:  economy is represented as a positive force in the economy,  or advanced, the informal economy is denoted mostly in  Thailand, which is Southeast Asia’s second largest economy,


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.639 Y: 12.780 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: AN ANALYSIS OF SMART FARMERS'PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY Content:  the Thai “smart farmers” perceptions and awareness of the ASEAN Economic Community.  provinces, namely Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Lamphun, Lampang, and Mae Hong Son


@Cluster 10 // X: -5.052 Y: 10.058 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases among HIV positive patients using antiretroviral treatment in Phayao province, Northern Thailand Content: Co-infection of intestinal parasites and HIV is widespread, leading to higher morbidity and mortality in tropical countries. Hence, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence


@Cluster -1 // X: 1.207 Y: 13.896 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Needs of English skills of Thai nurses working in international hospitals accredited by JCI in Bangkok area Content:  As the demand of turning Thailand to be the center of Medical Hub of ASEAN Economic Community ( A questionnaire approved by the human ethics unit of university of Phayao was an


@Cluster 6 // X: 0.372 Y: 13.828 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The assessment of the environmental and economic performances for improving existing educational building: a case study of Bangkok, Thailand Content:  of Engineering, Chulalongkorn university, Thailand. He completed his bachelor’s degree in public health, School of Medicine, University of Phayao, Thailand, 2014. His interested


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.597 Y: 11.867 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: City carbon footprint evaluation and forecasting case study: dan sai municipality Content:  Thailand is one of the impacted regions in the world under  City carbon footprint also applied for special economic zone,  on the deeply CCF evaluation from Thailand. Therefore, the aim


@Cluster 10 // X: -5.133 Y: 10.102 Province: Lopburi, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases among HIV positive patients using antiretroviral treatment in Phayao province, Northern Thailand Content: Co-infection of intestinal parasites and HIV is widespread, leading to higher morbidity and mortality in tropical countries. Hence, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence


@Cluster 7 // X: 0.025 Y: 14.223 Province: Yala, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Mental Health Status of a Community in Phayao Province: a Survey Report Content:  The modern world is faced with rapid economic, political and technological changes. These  schools, Yala province, Thailand. Journal of Nursing and Education. 2014; 7(1): 68-82.


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.379 Y: 12.647 Province: Phrae, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Tectona grandis (teak) in Northern Thailand Content:  Tectona grandis (teak) is one of the most important economic  forests in four provinces of northern Thailand with the aim of  in northern Thailand (Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Phrae


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.660 Y: 12.817 Province: Phrae, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: IoT Technology and Digital Upskilling Framework for Farmers in the Northern Rural Area of Thailand Content:  Most Thai farmers are smallholders with limited land and low  and the economic situation of smallholder farmers, the Thai  of the northern Thailand: Chiang Rai, Phayao, Phrae, and Nan.


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.495 Y: 15.194 Province: Bangkok, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Tourism cooperation under the belt and road initiative: BRI and tourism opportunities in Phayao Province, Thailand Content:  that connects the economic corridors of the North of Lao PDR and northern Thailand. This  government expects that the development of the Eastern Economic Corridor will be linked to


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.466 Y: 15.196 Province: Bangkok, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Tourism cooperation under the belt and road initiative: BRI and tourism opportunities in Phayao Province, Thailand Content:  that connects the economic corridors of the North of Lao PDR and northern Thailand. This  government expects that the development of the Eastern Economic Corridor will be linked to


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.607 Y: 11.977 Province: Phichit, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The Preliminary Study on the Comparative Assessment of Carbon Stock Related to Changes in Land Use in Phuket and Phayao Provinces Content:  tourism - two main economic sectors in Thailand from the years 2007  Thailand have been often estimated. The emissions from open burning were studied in Phichit province of Thailand


@Cluster -1 // X: -3.376 Y: 13.191 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: AN ANALYSIS OF SMART FARMERS'PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY Content:  collected from the 1st Office of Agricultural Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, which takes care of the areas covering six provinces, namely Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Lamphun,


@Cluster 1 // X: -1.934 Y: 14.843 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: A Study of Phayao's Historical trading communities to Encourage recognizing Local History and to Promote cultural tourism Content:  as any other city in Northern Thailand. It is presumed that Mueang  from Lampang to Chiang Mai, the economy of Mueang Phayao  Traders from Wiang Pa-pao, Chiang Rai who came to


@Cluster 8 // X: -2.778 Y: 13.952 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The geography of the labor-intensive fruit export industry in Southeast Asia: A case study of Thai longan1 Content:  Economics; Thai Customs Longan's main production areas include the northern provinces (Chiang Rai, Phayao, Lampan, Lamphun, Chiang  Thailand. Figure 2 shows the trend in the


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.690 Y: 12.558 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Different Hmong Political Orientations and Perspectives on the Thailand-Laos Border Content:  Pha Mon area adjacent to Thailand’s Chiang Rai Province in the  to the border with Laos in Chiang Kham District, Phayao  He is the coauthor of five books on water and economic issues


@Cluster 1 // X: -1.762 Y: 14.732 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: New Cities and the Penetration of Siamese Colonial Power into the Physical Space of Monthon Payap Content:  economic power. In the face of these changes, the power which  Unlike Phayao, Chiang Rai and Chiang Saen were  Towering garjans (or ton yang nain Thai, scientific name,


@Cluster -1 // X: -1.319 Y: 15.195 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: On techniques of historic timber architecture in Lan Na: an investigation on existing evidences Content:  Thailand many times, one time we went up as far as in  valley plains of Phayao and Chiang Rai. Nan province derived  shaping from different factors: economic, social and political


@Cluster 3 // X: -3.476 Y: 14.853 Province: Sing Buri, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: การ วิเคราะห์ ความ สำคัญ และ ประสิทธิผล ความ ดึงดูด ใจ ของ พิพิธภัณฑ์ ภูมิปัญญา ท้องถิ่น ใน กลุ่ม จังหวัด ภาค เหนือ ตอน ล่าง 1:- Content:  The assessment of the impacts of tourism on the economy, environment, society and culture: Case study of Dokkhamtai District, Phayao Province, Thailand. Journal of Management


@Cluster -1 // X: -4.577 Y: 12.175 Province: Kanchanaburi, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Short-term Anoxic Treatment of Litchi Fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. Hong Huey) Delays Pericarp Browning and Maintains Physicochemical Quality During Storage Content:  located in the Maejai district, Phayao province, Thailand. Fruit were delivered to the laboratory  optimal from both a produce quality and economic standpoint. This chemical-free and low-


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.590 Y: 12.829 Province: Lamphun, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: AN ANALYSIS OF SMART FARMERS'PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY Content:  the Thai “smart farmers” perceptions and awareness of the ASEAN Economic Community.  namely Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Lamphun, Lampang, and Mae Hong Son. Stratified


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.148 Y: 13.808 Province: Bangkok, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Inventory of greenhouse gas emissions for phayao province-an agricultural city in Thailand Content:  Phayao province located in the North of Thailand. We investigated annual amount of GHG  in Thailand were employed in our analysis. From the preliminary study, Phayao’s economy


@Cluster 1 // X: -2.158 Y: 14.490 Province: Sukhothai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Efficiency Improvement of Dried Longan Production Line using ECRS Principles Content:  that has high economic significance in Thailand. Longan  of Thailand, including Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Chiang Rai, Phayao, Phare, Nan, Lampang, Tak, Mae Hong Son, and Sukhothai,


@Cluster -1 // X: -3.947 Y: 12.336 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Valuation of external costs of wet-season lowland rice production systems in Northern Thailand. CMUJ Content:  LCA approach and evaluated them into the economic value. The study compared the different  rain fad rice of lowland production system in Chiang Rai and Phayao. The number of rice-


@Cluster 1 // X: -2.034 Y: 14.606 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: From Sipsongpanna to Chiang Kham: the reconstruction of Lue identity in contemporary Thailand Content:  the economy under Thai nationwide governmentality (village administrative units, rural  to Chiang Rai province before 1977. After Phayao was designated as a province, Chiang


@Cluster -1 // X: -3.119 Y: 12.220 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Study of active fire evolution in northern Thailand using kernel density estimation (KDE) Content:  of Thailand releasing toxic compounds especially particulate matters causing adverse health effects, socio-economic  The fires were mostly located in Chiang Rai and a part of Phayao


@Cluster 5 // X: -1.575 Y: 13.459 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Sustainability of Arts and Culture a Comparative Case Study of Cultural Village, Chiang Kham District, Phayao Province, Thailand and Luang Prabang, World Heritage … Content:  Thai Lue weaving profession Sri Don Chai Village, Chiang Khong District, Chiang Rai 2017  achieve a green economy where knowledge and Thai identity will be used to restructure the


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.589 Y: 12.793 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Seropositivity Rate of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Cattle and Goats Raised in the Upper North and Central Regions of Thailand During 2013-2015 Content:  rate in cattle in Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Lampang, Phayao,  , Nakhon Pathom and Chiang Rai provinces were 15.7%, 12.1%  burnetii were detected by IFA, which is economical and


@Cluster -1 // X: -0.219 Y: 13.341 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Thai SMES'response in the digital economy age: a case study of the service sector of community-based tourism in the upper Northern provinces group 2 Content:  The background of the fourth industrial revolution and the Thai  of digital economy as described above led to this study of “Thai  2, which consists of Chiang Rai, Phayao, Nan, and Phrae.


@Cluster 1 // X: -2.433 Y: 14.400 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Spatial Association Patterns of Binge Drinking, Alcohol Outlet Density, and Early Started Drinking in Thailand Content:  Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai provinces. In addition, 5 provinces had a low density of alcohol outlets with high BD, in Phayao, Lampang, Phrae, Lamphun, and Nan provinces surrounded


@Cluster 5 // X: -1.132 Y: 13.379 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Community-based gastronomy tourism development-the case of Northern Thailand Content:  The Creative Economy Policy Is One Of The Most Recent Economic Development Policies In Thailand. This Policy Fosters Many Of The Second-Tier City, Including Phayao Province In


@Cluster 1 // X: -1.991 Y: 14.884 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: UNESCO Factors affecting building Phayao Learning City of Thailand: An opinion from the senior citizens Content:  part of Thailand; it is 140 kilometers from Chiang Mai. The  has confronted political and economic change during the COVID- Chiang Rai and Phuket are some cities of Thailand defined


@Cluster 1 // X: -2.028 Y: 14.714 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The tourism development guideline for preserved area of cultural heritages (architecture) in Lanna Region Content:  Thai provinces which includes Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Phayao, Phrae, Mae Hong Son, Lampang and Lamphun. Chiang  environment, political and economic factors. Affective


@Cluster -1 // X: -0.918 Y: 14.659 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Inheriting and Developing of Tai Lue Singing Participation in Chiang Kham, Phayao Province Content:  and culture internationally to work for the economic development of the country. In addition,  Thai Yuan ethnic groups that can be appLued to and create a variety of cultural economies


@Cluster 9 // X: -0.770 Y: 12.496 Province: Phichit, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: UNESCO Factors affecting building Phayao Learning City of Thailand: An opinion from the senior citizens Content:  Similar to other cities, Phayao Municipality has confronted political and economic change during the COVID-19 pandemic. Municipal laws and regulations of Phayao Municipality cannot


@Cluster -1 // X: -1.783 Y: 14.135 Province: Phitsanulok, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Indicators and criteria for assessing achievement of renewable energy utilization in communities Content:  factor for development of a country regarding both economy and society. Any operations,  region of Thailand, namely Phayao, Lamphun, Chiang Mai, and Phitsanulok provinces in order


@Cluster 2 // X: -0.699 Y: 11.268 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The guideline for shopping tourism development to promote tourism in Phayao, Thailand Content:  It shows that the portion of income from tourism tends to go repetitively in the economic system which the more income is the more benefits people gain. Furthermore, the directions


@Cluster 10 // X: -4.955 Y: 10.151 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Prevalence of vertically transmitted Neospora caninum amongst beef cattle in Phayao, Thailand Content:  caninum in beef cattle in Thailand. The epidemiological data deserves special attention due to the economic and health impact of this pathogen and could lead to the development of


@Cluster 11 // X: 0.135 Y: 12.148 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: … traditional trade of the hand-woven textile community to digital trade: The case study of Tai Lue group at Toong Mork Village, Chiang Kham, Phayao, Thailand Content:  is based on both views between sufficiency economy and sustainable development. In 2005 and services, and the link with community economy in terms of demand and supply between


@Cluster -1 // X: 3.483 Y: 13.121 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Economic Evaluation of Human Rotavirus Vaccine in Thailand Content:  vaccination in Thailand have generated conflicting results. The aim of this current study is to evaluate the economic impact of introducing RV vaccination in Thailand, using updated Thai


@Cluster 7 // X: 0.039 Y: 14.077 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Students model in different learning styles of academic achievement at the university of Phayao, Thailand Content:  In addition, it is also used to drive the country and the economy as people with knowledge  For Thailand, education has been developed for a long time. Originally, education in Thailand


@Cluster -1 // X: -1.270 Y: 15.046 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Development on Thailand's practice toward Migrant Workers, 1978-2008: Government Views and Policies Content:  Thailand’s economy in the wake of the economic slowdown of 1974 can be attributed to change in the world economic  In 1975, Thailand encountered the political and social transition


@Cluster -1 // X: -3.080 Y: 14.410 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The Preliminary Study on the Comparative Assessment of Carbon Stock Related to Changes in Land Use in Phuket and Phayao Provinces Content:  Phayao due to the development of agriculture and tourism - two main economic sectors in Thailand  Phuket is chosen as a representative of tourist provinces, while Phayao is chosen as


@Cluster 11 // X: 0.117 Y: 12.297 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: ASSESSING COMMUNITY–BASED TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THAILAND'S SOUTHERNMOST BORDER PROVINCE Content:  The findings presented in Table 3 showed that Ban Ta Phayao community had a fair assessment score in the management towards local economics, social and good quality of life (x̅ =


@Cluster -1 // X: -0.012 Y: 13.549 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Dropout situation of business computer students, University of Phayao Content:  Currently, the business computer program is still being taught in Thailand. The role of knowledge in the field is likely to change as the digital economy and online marketing field creates


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.430 Y: 12.599 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Land-use/land-cover change from socio-economic drivers and their impact on biodiversity in Nan Province, Thailand Content:  steadily in Thailand since the year 2000 due to economic transformation away from forestry. However, these changes did not occur in Nan Province located in northern Thailand.


@Cluster -1 // X: -7.084 Y: 9.809 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: A novel PV size selection for time of use tariff for residence in Phayao province, Thailand Content:  economics, supply chain, and other depth factors etc. However, a good simulation of PV could save an electricity cost for the residence. Thailand  radiation data of Phayao province has


@Cluster -1 // X: -4.799 Y: 11.362 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Quantification of Active Compounds of Edible Mushrooms in University of Phayao, Thailand Content:  of Phayao, Thailand. Those are mushrooms that are popular in consumption and available in Thailand by  Development of an edible wild strain of Thai oyster mushroom for economic


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.576 Y: 13.280 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: PDB55 COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF NONINVASIVE SCORES FOR THE SCREENING OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AMONG … Content:  The aim of this study was to assess the economic impact of the  Conclusions: This economic evaluation demonstrates that  of NAFLD among MetS patients in Thailand as one of low- and


@Cluster 5 // X: -1.120 Y: 13.381 Province: Chumphon, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Community-based gastronomy tourism development-the case of Northern Thailand Content:  The Creative Economy Policy Is One Of The Most Recent Economic Development Policies In Thailand. This Policy Fosters Many Of The Second-Tier City, Including Phayao Province In


@Cluster 2 // X: -0.651 Y: 11.152 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The marketing mix for Phayao province, Thailand tourism Content:  important industries for the world economy at present. It has  round, especially during global economic recession. Tourism will  This will drive the economy continuously and sustainably.


@Cluster 16 // X: -4.682 Y: 10.508 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Phenotypic characterization and farm management of indigenous chicken reared in highland region of northern Thailand Content:  region of Phayao province, Northern Thailand. Apart from socio-economic status and  microorganism on performance of crossbred Thai indigenous chickens were performed. No


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.533 Y: 12.940 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: … INTENSIFICATION (SRI) FOR IMPROVED ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH: AN ECONOMIC CASE STUDY FROM NORTHERN THAILAND Content:  “At the time, I had 36 acres [14.6 ha] of paddy land in Phayao province [Note: Phayao is a province in mountainous northern Thailand], but during that first year, I practiced SRI only on a


@Cluster -1 // X: -5.714 Y: 10.795 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Capsid gene divergence of black queen cell virus isolates in Thailand and Japan honey bee species Content:  We also detected BQCV in all of the native honey bee species examined in Thailand— A.  mellifera in three (Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai and Phayao) of the six Thai provinces sampled.


@Cluster 6 // X: 0.436 Y: 13.825 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: A blended learning case study: the application of station rotation model in ELT listening and speaking class at Phayao Pittayakhom School Content:  application in a Thai provincial school. The study is conducted at Phayao Pittayakhom School, a provincial public high school in Phayao, a northern province in Thailand. There were


@Cluster 19 // X: -4.417 Y: 9.593 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: … season and maturational parameters, expression levels of vitellogenin genes in Notopterus notopterus and Anematichthys armatus in Kwan Phayao, Thailand Content:  Accumulation of microcystins in water and economic fish in Phayao lake, and fish ponds along the Ing river tributary in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Agricultural Sciences 4(5B): 52-56.


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.375 Y: 12.720 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Tectona grandis (teak) in Northern Thailand Content:  Tectona grandis (teak) is one of the most important economic  forests in four provinces of northern Thailand with the aim of  in northern Thailand (Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Phrae


@Cluster 1 // X: -2.432 Y: 14.742 Province: Phrae, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Research and Development of Strategy to Prepare the Readiness of Chiangrai Special Economic Zone Project Establishment Content:  as Chiangrai, Phayao, Nan na d Phrae provinces to be transportation connection and to be the economic developing provinces in Northern Thailand. In short, Chiangrai province would


@Cluster 3 // X: -2.859 Y: 14.754 Province: Phrae, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The local economic promotion through the creative tourism travelling route: The practical application for Chiangrai province, Thailand Content:  and transportation in the Northern part of Thailand, especially, the cultural tourism route, which connected the following provinces such as Phayao, Phrae, Nan. Additionally, these


@Cluster -1 // X: -1.466 Y: 15.759 Province: Phrae, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Water management in Thailand: dams and the voice of the affected and displaced people Content:  resettlement in Thailand are mostly limited to a regular flow of either economic migrants or  than 3,500 families spanning the two provinces of Phrae and Phayao. The concerns for the


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.279 Y: 12.677 Province: Phrae, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Modeling haze problems in the North of Thailand using logistic regression Content:  region of Thailand. Air pollutants have an effect on human health, the economy and the  , ie Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, Mae Hong Son, Phayao, Phrae and Nan,


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.302 Y: 12.799 Province: Mae Hong Son, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Using GIS tools to estimate health risk from biomass burning in northern Thailand Content:  HI, three high risk provinces in the north Thailand were Mae Hong Sorn, Phayao and Phrae.  air quality monitoring network using environmental, economic, and social indicators and GIS


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.292 Y: 12.795 Province: Mae Hong Son, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: ATINER's Conference Paper Series ENV2016-1975 Content:  HI, three high risk provinces in the north Thailand were Mae Hong Sorn, Phayao and Phrae.  air quality monitoring network using environmental, economic, and social indicators and GIS


@Cluster 1 // X: -1.493 Y: 14.829 Province: Mae Hong Son, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Liason: Wisdom on Social Conflict Management of Lanna Content:  Thailand, including Chiang Mai. Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, Phrae, Nan, Phayao and Mae Hong Son In administration, economy, society and culture the main point is respect and


@Cluster -1 // X: -3.945 Y: 14.606 Province: Phrae, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The Factors Effecting to Trekking Tourism in the Upper Northern Region 2 of Thailand Content:  of Thailand and the trekking tourist elements influencing trekking tourism management in the upper north 2 Chiang Rai, Phayao, Phrae,  physical infrastructure economic conditions and


@Cluster -1 // X: -1.066 Y: 12.861 Province: Sukhothai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Broiler production in Northern Thailand based technical efficiency using super-efficiency data envelopment analysis Content:  Socio-economic factors that explained technical efficiency were business experience and several  Finally, three provinces (17.65%) namely Phayao, Sukhothai, and Uttaradit had an


@Cluster 5 // X: -1.334 Y: 13.591 Province: Sukhothai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Technical efficiency of sustainable broiler production in Northern Thailand Content:  Finally, the efficiency score level was less than 0.80, there are three provinces, Phayao, Sukhothai,  The average efficiency score of all provinces in Northern Thailand greater than 1.00


@Cluster -1 // X: 0.368 Y: 14.337 Province: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: A blended learning case study: the application of station rotation model in ELT listening and speaking class at Phayao Pittayakhom School Content:  to the political, economical and cultural roles. The authors posited that Thai teachers of English  With the growing importance of English use in ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), it is


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.454 Y: 13.381 Province: Tak, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Thai and Myanmar Rice: Concentrations, Distribution and Health Concerns. Content:  environment due to swift industrial and economic development, various governments are  from 11 sites in Thailand: northern (Phayao, Lamphun, Phichit, and Tak provinces), eastern (


@Cluster -1 // X: -0.799 Y: 11.577 Province: Phatthalung, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Bicycling Network Development for Tourism and Travel in Wiang Phayao, Thailand Content: This study aims to analyse and present the Bicycling Network for Tourism and Traveling in Wiang Phayao. The researcher first studied the potential of road transportation network to


@Cluster 5 // X: -1.091 Y: 13.388 Province: Surat Thani, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Community-based gastronomy tourism development-the case of Northern Thailand Content:  The Creative Economy Policy Is One Of The Most Recent Economic Development Policies In Thailand. This Policy Fosters Many Of The Second-Tier City, Including Phayao Province In


@Cluster 1 // X: -2.302 Y: 14.592 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Location of low-cost blood collection and distribution centres in Thailand Content:  in Chiang Rai, Nan and Phayao province are assigned to the distribution site at Chiang Rai  , when larger facilities might incur more economical running costs than the cheaper, smaller


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.428 Y: 12.668 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Using GIS tools to estimate health risk from biomass burning in northern Thailand Content:  health risk areas in the dry season were Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Sorn, Phayao and Phrae.  air quality monitoring network using environmental, economic, and social indicators and GIS-


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.174 Y: 12.783 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: ATINER's Conference Paper Series ENV2016-1975 Content:  exposure in the north of Thailand was studied. Eight provinces  were Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Sorn, Phayao and Phrae.  network using environmental, economic, and social indicators


@Cluster 12 // X: -4.356 Y: 12.389 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Comparing the sensory characteristics, physical properties, and consumer acceptability of purple rice cultivars Content:  cooked purple rice – Phayao, Chiang Rai, Omkoi, Doi Saket,  ratings the bitterness in Chiang Rai purple rice and Kantai  ), members of Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Evaluations


@Cluster -1 // X: 0.320 Y: 14.606 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: An Iu Mien grammar: A tool for language documentation and revitalisation Content:  46,000 Iu Mien people in Thailand, which has been derived from the data collected by the author whilst living among the villages of Chiang Rai and Phayao provinces between 1994 –


@Cluster -1 // X: -1.321 Y: 14.896 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Reflections on Constraints in EFL Teacher Development in Thailand1 Content:  This moonlighting is part of the political economy of ELT in Thailand  Chiang Rai, and elsewhere, such as Phayao or Buriram in provincial Thailand, and most certainly beyond the Thai


@Cluster 1 // X: -2.350 Y: 14.515 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Groundwater Modelling of Chiang Rai Basin, Northern Thailand Content:  Chiang Rai basin, situated in Chiang Rai and Phayao provinces covering an area of 11,000 km2, is consisted of high mountains, hills and plains. The economic and population growth


@Cluster 8 // X: -2.829 Y: 13.783 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Applying a Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to improve supply chain performance of agricultural products: A case of Thai exported canned lychee Content:  survey and focus groups in Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai and Phayao. These regions are the main lychee production districts in the northern part of Thailand. Thus, these areas were


@Cluster 11 // X: 0.254 Y: 12.294 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Life Quality and Way of Life Style of Prototype of Sufficiency Economy at Dokbua Village, Phayao Province, Thailand Content: The purpose of this research were study the factors effected quality of life and way of life of agriculturist in economic village model. Research samples were agriculturist of 111


@Cluster 12 // X: -4.256 Y: 12.274 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The rice value chain: a case study of Thai rice Content:  -economic, technical, and management conditions that underlie the rice value chain in Thailand the Northern provinces, including Chiang Rai, Phayao, and Chiang Mai. Glutinous rice is


@Cluster -1 // X: -1.683 Y: 13.417 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Mysterious ginger: Enclaves of a boom crop in Thailand Content:  Secondly, I examine the physical, social and economic characteristics of Plaba sub-district in order  such as in Phayao, Nan, Chiang Rai and several in Loei province to rent land to grow


@Cluster 1 // X: -2.466 Y: 14.394 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: A GIS model for PM10 exposure from biomass burning in the north of Thailand Content:  land in Chiang Rai was related to high PM10 concentration map in Figure 3. Chiang Rai has  IN Chiang Rai, the agricultural area in Chiang Rai was three times higher than in Phayao,


@Cluster -1 // X: -4.218 Y: 9.740 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Study of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) Producers in Phayao Lake, Thailand Content:  ), a semi-freshwater lake which plays an important role in the socio-economic  economic fish in Phayao Lake, and fish ponds along the ing river tributary in Chiang Rai, Thailand


@Cluster -1 // X: -3.059 Y: 14.374 Province: Phuket, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The Preliminary Study on the Comparative Assessment of Carbon Stock Related to Changes in Land Use in Phuket and Phayao Provinces Content:  in land use in Phuket and Phayao due to the development of agriculture and tourism - two main economic sectors in Thailand from the years 2007 to 2009. Phuket is chosen as a


@Cluster 3 // X: -3.277 Y: 14.759 Province: Phuket, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The guideline for shopping tourism development to promote tourism in Phayao, Thailand Content:  economic system which the more income is the more benefits people gain. Furthermore, the directions driving Thai tourism in the future from Thai  foreign tourists visiting Phuket: a case


@Cluster 3 // X: -3.649 Y: 14.994 Province: Pathum Thani, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The Situation Survey of Community-Based Tourism Amid the Era of COVID-19 in Phayao Province Thailand Content:  Thailand having a major role and power in strengthening the economy and the livelihoods of Thai  The economic value of the tourism industry in the previous year had the value of GDP


@Cluster 12 // X: -4.307 Y: 12.154 Province: Pathum Thani, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Densification of corn residues for producing pelletized biomass fuels Content:  Corn is one of the main agricultural and economic crops in many countries whose residues  So village, Phayao province in the north of Thailand were used as raw materials. They were


@Cluster 3 // X: -3.316 Y: 14.806 Province: Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The guideline for shopping tourism development to promote tourism in Phayao, Thailand Content:  to go repetitively in the economic system which the more  , the directions driving Thai tourism in the future from Thai Tourism  most of Thai tourists visited Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya by a


@Cluster 3 // X: -3.462 Y: 14.830 Province: Nakhon Sawan, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The production of audio-visual media promoting awareness of adolescents in conservation and restoration of Kwan Phayao Content:  Thailand and the fourth largest of the country following Bueng Boraphet Swamp in Nakhon Sawan, Nong Han Lake in Sakon Nakhon , the facts on its economy and tourism, the ongoing


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.432 Y: 14.061 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Capsid gene divergence of black queen cell virus isolates in Thailand and Japan honey bee species Content:  (Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai and Phayao) of the six Thai provinces sampled. Our results showed that Chiang Rai,  mellifera in Chiang Rai could result in the highest incidences of BQCV


@Cluster 3 // X: -3.346 Y: 14.965 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The marketing mix for Phayao province, Thailand tourism Content:  Tourism is one of the most important industries for the world economy at present. It has been  Chiang Rai, Mae Sai border (Thailand and Myanmar ) and Chiang Khong border (Thailand


@Cluster 13 // X: -4.001 Y: 12.736 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Forecasting Rice Yield In The Northern Thailand With Multiple Linear Regression Model Content:  economy and labor force [1]. Rice is also an important main  yield in the northern Thailand which was included 13 provinces; Chiang Rai, Phayao, Lampang, Lamphun, Chiang Mai, Mae


@Cluster 4 // X: -3.475 Y: 13.117 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Development Of Neural Network Models For Forecasting Rice Yield In The Northern Thailand Content:  Thailand which was contained 13 provinces; Chiang Rai, Phayao, Lampang, Lamphun, Chiang  The authors wish to thank to the Office of Agricultural Economics and National Statistical


@Cluster -1 // X: -3.099 Y: 14.980 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Hospital out-and-in-patients as functions of trace gaseous species and other meteorological parameters in Chiang-Mai, Thailand Content:  tourism, transport and economic sectors of nine northern provinces, which include Mae Hon Son, Uttaradit, Lumphoon, Lumphang, Phayao, Phrae, Nan, Chiang Rai, and Chiang-Mai.


@Cluster -1 // X: -0.342 Y: 14.303 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Kham Mueang Dialect Usage over Three Generations in Tambon Wiang Phayao. Content:  Thai is used as a medium of communication as the areas are the zones of government officials and the center of progress in technology, economics hour drive from Chiang Rai, and 200


@Cluster 1 // X: -1.802 Y: 15.002 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: New opportunities for integrated agricultural systems research in the Central Mekong region: humidtropics-a CGIAR Research Program. Content:  Although the region is currently experiencing rapid economic growth and has lifted millions  countries:(1) northern Thailand (Nan, Phayao, Chiang Rai), northeastern Myanmar (Shan),


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.437 Y: 13.077 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: A New method of classification for Tai textiles Content:  to warmer climates and different economic, social, political and  Sipsong Panna was a large muang with its capital in Chiang  river in Chiang Rai, Phayao and Nan provinces in Thailand.


@Cluster 6 // X: 0.443 Y: 13.930 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: A blended learning case study: the application of station rotation model in ELT listening and speaking class at Phayao Pittayakhom School Content:  and speaking within Thai provincial school  a Thai provincial school. This research paper aims at finding the barriers and benefits, as well as the challenges of SRM application in a Thai


@Cluster 1 // X: -1.828 Y: 14.901 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The tin chok textile and weaving tradition of Mae Chaem, Thailand Content:  used by the Tai Lue people of Chiang Kham and Chiang Muan districts in Phayao province.  The Far East economic crisis of 1997/8 was a major setback to the Thai economy and


@Cluster 19 // X: -4.443 Y: 9.651 Province: Chiang Rai, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: … season and maturational parameters, expression levels of vitellogenin genes in Notopterus notopterus and Anematichthys armatus in Kwan Phayao, Thailand Content:  Accumulation of microcystins in water and economic fish in Phayao lake, and fish ponds along the Ing river tributary in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Agricultural Sciences 4(5B): 52-56.


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.071 Y: 13.924 Province: Suphan Buri, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Thai and Myanmar Rice: Concentrations, Distribution and Health Concerns. Content:  and economic  Thailand: northern (Phayao, Lamphun, Phichit, and Tak provinces), eastern (Ubon Ratchathani, Yasothon, and Loei provinces), central (Nakhon Sawan and Suphan Buri


@Cluster 1 // X: -2.186 Y: 14.388 Province: Nan, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: 27 The Uplands of Northern Thailand Language and social relations beyond the Muang Content:  the highest point in Thailand. Smaller intermontane valleys, current centres of economic activity, have provided the anchors for other smaller historical kingdoms such as Nan, Phayao,


@Cluster 14 // X: -1.971 Y: 10.452 Province: Bangkok, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Technical & Economic Evaluation of the University of Phayao Solar PV Rooftop System Content:  economic potential of a 2 MW solar PV rooftop power generation system at the University of Phayao in Thailand.  An economic assessment was done based on an investment value of


@Cluster -1 // X: 1.057 Y: 14.084 Province: Songkhla, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Same-sex sexual experience in Thailand Content:  anxieties about the effects of rapid socio-economic and cultural changes on Thai youth. In recent  from 9 percent for Phayao in the far north to 31 percent for Songkhla in the far south.


@Cluster 15 // X: -0.671 Y: 13.731 Province: Songkhla, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Willingness to Pay for Conservation of the Rong Por's Community Forest in Phayao Province Content:  The objectives of the study are (1) to study the socio-economic structure including the  of economics, the monthly income of most respondents is between 8,000-12,000 Thai Baht


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.291 Y: 13.711 Province: Samut Sakhon, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: A Mathematical Model for Patient Scheduling in Radiotherapy Treatment Content:  Thailand. The highest mortality rates in Phayao, Phrae, and Lampang cost a total loss to the Thai economy of  In northern Thailand, two hospitals are ready to treat cancer where they are


@Cluster -1 // X: -3.188 Y: 13.364 Province: Mae Hong Son, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: AN ANALYSIS OF SMART FARMERS'PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY Content:  Agricultural Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, which takes care of the areas covering six provinces, namely Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Lamphun, Lampang, and Mae Hong Son.


@Cluster -1 // X: -5.566 Y: 11.391 Province: Mae Hong Son, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Molecular phylogeography and reproductive biology of the freshwater snail Tarebia granifera in Thailand and Timor (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae): morphological … Content:  in the northern part of Thailand, ie the majority of specimens in this clade originate from the northern to north east Thai provinces, such as Chang Mai, Mueang Mae Hong Son, Phayao,


@Cluster 1 // X: -2.130 Y: 14.628 Province: Mae Hong Son, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Realizing Mutually Beneficial Association through International Conference: The Scope of Intercultural Learning and Community Engagement (Annual Conference … Content:  Northern Thailand economy is a regional economy, it is important for the economy of the  in northern part of Thailand, ie, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son, Lamphun, Phayao,


@Cluster 12 // X: -4.217 Y: 12.429 Province: Mae Hong Son, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Antioxidant and antimutagenic activity of extracts from pericarp and seed of zanthoxylum limonella alston Content:  It is considered as the economic crop of the provinces in Northern Thailand. Normally, fruits  the economic crop of the provinces in the north, including Nan, Phayao and Mae Hong Son.


@Cluster -1 // X: 2.016 Y: 13.688 Province: Nonthaburi, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases among HIV positive patients using antiretroviral treatment in Phayao province, Northern Thailand Content:  The difference could be due to levels of environmental and personal hygiene, economics,  in many studies in central Thailand such as Bangkok (3.3%)12 and Nonthaburi (4.4%)22, but


@Cluster -1 // X: -1.984 Y: 14.021 Province: Nakhon Sawan, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Thai and Myanmar Rice: Concentrations, Distribution and Health Concerns. Content:  and economic development,  in Thailand: northern (Phayao, Lamphun, Phichit, and Tak provinces), eastern (Ubon Ratchathani, Yasothon, and Loei provinces), central (Nakhon Sawan


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.133 Y: 13.802 Province: Phuket, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Inventory of greenhouse gas emissions for phayao province-an agricultural city in Thailand Content:  Phayao province located in the North of Thailand. We investigated annual amount of GHG  in Thailand were employed in our analysis. From the preliminary study, Phayao’s economy


@Cluster 3 // X: -3.871 Y: 15.006 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING THE IMPACT OF TOURISM IN BAN NONG LOM, DOKKHAMTAI DISTRICT, PHAYAO PROVINCE, THAILAND Content:  Tourism plays an important role in the development of the economy of Thailand and in increasing the country's competitiveness in the tourism industry as a whole. It is an industry that


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.392 Y: 15.197 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Tourism cooperation under the belt and road initiative: BRI and tourism opportunities in Phayao Province, Thailand Content:  that connects the economic corridors of the North of Lao PDR and northern Thailand. This  This research work aimed to conduct a study in Thailand that includes Phayao Province and


@Cluster -1 // X: -0.917 Y: 12.711 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: UNESCO Factors affecting building Phayao Learning City of Thailand: An opinion from the senior citizens Content:  Phayao Learning City has applied these dimensions in this  in Phayao Province’s about UNESCO’s input on Phayao  , Phayao Municipality has confronted political and economic


@Cluster -1 // X: -1.829 Y: 13.131 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Sustainability of Arts and Culture a Comparative Case Study of Cultural Village, Chiang Kham District, Phayao Province, Thailand and Luang Prabang, World Heritage … Content:  a green economy where knowledge and Thai identity will be used to restructure the economy based on innovation, (3) to connect effectively with the regional and global economies, (4)


@Cluster 1 // X: -1.585 Y: 14.476 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Money, Music, and Interpersonal Meanings: Researching Economic Exchange in Local Musicking in China and Thailand Content:  musicking in China (Horlor) and Thailand (Amaro), we briefly  inseparable from understanding economic aspects in the  temple festivals in northern Thailand’s Phayao Province. This


@Cluster 16 // X: -4.733 Y: 10.440 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Spread of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella from poultry to humans in Thailand Content:  poultry farming to reduce the economic losses arising from mostly  were collected from the Thai provinces of Khon Kaen (65  Kaen and patients from Phayao). All isolates with this ERIC


@Cluster 12 // X: -4.180 Y: 12.071 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Ethnobotanical study and plant dimension classification in Kwan Phayao community areas, Phayao Province, Thailand Content:  Phayao province is in the upper north region of Thailand and is approximately 6335 km2 in  Indigenous vegetables that are economic vegetables with market demand are Senegalia


@Cluster 1 // X: -1.548 Y: 14.636 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Fine Arts Education in Rural Thailand: A Case Study of the Department of Art and Design, University of Phayao Content:  population of 70 million remains rurally based (Thailand: Rural Population nd). Despite major social and economic progress over the past few decades (The World Bank in Thailand


@Cluster 5 // X: -1.430 Y: 13.496 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Comparison of Logistics Time of R3A and R3B for Transportation of Lychee Product Content:  Phayao Province, Thailand. The main aim of this research is to develop a management application for Phayao It will be used to guide the economic development of the Phayao province.


@Cluster -1 // X: 0.433 Y: 13.288 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Thai SMES'response in the digital economy age: a case study of the service sector of community-based tourism in the upper Northern provinces group 2 Content:  Furthermore, I would like to thank all participants in this dissertation for their great cooperation and thank the University of Phayao and NIDA, who gave me scholarships for studying the


@Cluster -1 // X: -3.856 Y: 12.283 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Monitoring estrogen and androgen residues from livestock farms in Phayao Lake, Thailand Content:  The study sites were selected from farms registered with Phayao provincial livestock, Phayao, Thailand. The 13 selected farms were located within a 10-km radius of Phayao Lake (Fig. 1


@Cluster 17 // X: 1.478 Y: 13.723 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Factors predictive of alcohol consumption among elderly people in a rural community: a case study in Phayao Province Thailand Content:  consumption among elderly people in Phayao province Thailand, where there was high  (QOL), daily activities and economic recession were identified as being significantly associated


@Cluster -1 // X: 1.981 Y: 13.214 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Mental Health Status of a Community in Phayao Province: a Survey Report Content:  in Thailand. This study reports on the findings of a mental health status survey conducted in communities in Phayao province, Thailand.  The modern world is faced with rapid economic,


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.557 Y: 13.123 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM OF EMERGENCY CARE FOR ACTIVE AGING IN THE RURAL AREA IN PHAYAO PROVINCE Content:  , stroke (1) as in Thailand the statistics showed that morbidity of  on the health, social, and economic sectors of all countries.  by the Ethical Committee of University of Phayao, Thailand.


@Cluster 0 // X: 2.389 Y: 13.952 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Knowledge, attitude, perceived self-efficacy and behavior related to sexual risk behavior among university students in North Thailand Content:  Phayao province located in the north and the prevalence of HIV infection with highest of Thailand,  The majority of the participants rated their family economic status as moderate (69.3%)


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.295 Y: 11.616 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Enhancing identified circular economic benefits related to the deployment of Solrød biogas plant Content:  “Thailand Integrated Energy Blueprint” (TIEB) to help the country reach the desirable goal of energy security, economic  a consistent set of strategies for Thailand’s future energy needs,


@Cluster -1 // X: -5.452 Y: 11.057 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: in Northern Thailand 5 Content:  control agents of insect 43 and mite pests of economic importance in Thailand. 44 45  in the upper 116 northern region of Thailand in Chiang Rai, Phayao, Chiang Mai, Lamphun and


@Cluster -1 // X: -0.950 Y: 14.756 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: SOCIAL ENTERPRISES AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THAILAND Content:  Over the last four decades, Thailand has made remarkable progress in social and economic development with sustained strong growth and impressive poverty reduction, particularly in


@Cluster -1 // X: -2.670 Y: 12.605 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The procedure to formulate the charter on natural resource management by public deliberation: Case study on Phayao Lake Content:  develop a mechanism for participatory management of Phayao lake. 3) The processes for  in Thailand and other countries. The second stage is a public deliberation of Phayao Lake


@Cluster 5 // X: -1.260 Y: 13.493 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Long-term cost-effectiveness of insulin Glargine versus neutral protamine hagedorn insulin for type 2 diabetes in Thailand Content:  Thailand. Second, this study was initiated by the sub-committee for the development of the NLEM in order to generate economic  this study generate useful economic evidence and help


@Cluster -1 // X: 1.807 Y: 13.174 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The effect of his majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej's passing away on mental health of university students in Northern Thailand' Content:  on the mental health of students at Phayao University in Northern Thailand. A cross-sectional  on the sufficiency economy philosophy in Thailand. Economic and Social Development:


@Cluster -1 // X: 4.131 Y: 15.267 Province: Phayao, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: The Estimation of Alcohol-Related Healthcare Costs n Thailand: Evidence from Regional Data of Universal Health Coverage Benefciaries in 2011 Content:  across Thailand and provides information regarding smoking and drinking behaviors, such as frequency, volume, expenses, and abusive behaviors, as well as socio-economic and


@Cluster -1 // X: -0.429 Y: 13.660 Province: Bangkok, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Life Quality and Way of Life Style of Prototype of Sufficiency Economy at Dokbua Village, Phayao Province, Thailand Content:  , high competition for social and economic, and products were  economy in order to have a better quality of life. According to The King of Thailand’s philosophy of sufficiency economy


@Cluster -1 // X: -0.475 Y: 13.681 Province: Bangkok, Country: Thailand, Date: None, Source: scholar_province, Title: Life Quality and Way of Life Style of Prototype of Sufficiency Economy at Dokbua Village, Phayao Province, Thailand Content:  , high competition for social and economic, and products were  economy in order to have a better quality of life. According to The King of Thailand’s philosophy of sufficiency economy